浙江高考英语二轮讲义-概要写作（教师版）

这是一份浙江高考英语二轮讲义-概要写作（教师版），共39页。学案主要包含了高考预测，思维导图，应试秘籍，误区点拨，抢分通关，高分句型1，高分句型2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
目录
【高考预测】概要写作概率预测+题型预测+考向预测
【思维导图】概要写作考点考向思维导图
【应试秘籍】概要写作常考点及应对的策略
【误区点拨】概要写作点拨常见的易错点
【抢分通关】概要写作押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考法）


解题步骤：
概要写作主要考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达之间，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
第1步：抓住主旨 把握重点
通读全文，把握文本的篇章结构和行文逻辑，从宏观上抓住文本主旨。在此基础上设法从某一段落中找到一个能够概括全篇的支持句。如果难以找到的话，那么就需要考生提炼出能够总结出全文的主题句，为概要的写作准备必要的中心话题。
再读全文，弄清文本中的主要信息和次要信息，写作概要时要略去次要信息和细节性信息，以确保概要写作的简洁性；同时，在读文本的过程中要在某些重点词句下做出标记。根据文章不同的体裁可采取以下方法划出相关重点：对于记叙文要圈出记叙文的六要素。如果是夹叙夹议文，还要圈出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意；对于说明文要找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议，其中对于说明文类的实验研究报告(上海高考的热点体裁)要圈出以下几部分组成：研究目的/背景、 研究过程(包括实施者，实验对象，采用方法，具体步骤)、研究结果、研究意义/应用、研究的不足/局限性；对于议论文要提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)。
第2步：概括段意 整合要点
在抓住主旨，把握重点之后，要根据每段的主题句和重点内容归纳出每段的段落大意；要点来自于段落大意，而要点全又是评分的重要方面。所以，在概要写作时只有把每段的大意都包括在内才能确保要点的全面。但是，要点全面并不是把各段的段意简单地相加，而是需要对要表达的内容(即各段段意)进行梳理，在梳理的基础上进行整合或提炼。
第3步：转换表达 连句成篇
所谓转换表达就是将整合或提炼出的要点采用各种各样的方式转换表达出来(避免整句照抄原文)。转换表达的方法主要有：同义转换法、正反转换法、词性转换法、句式转换法。将转换后的要点按照一定的逻辑顺序并使用衔接、过渡词语连句成篇，形成初稿。
第4步：检查修改 规范誊写
对初稿进行检查和修改。在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅，词数是否符合题干要求。对初稿进行修改：纠错和润色：纠正错词和病句，对初稿进行
易错点一：说明文概要写作
秘籍1：说明文概要写作技巧
说明文（Expsitin）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类：
现象揭示类：The article pints ut the cmmn phenmenn—(主题)，which…(补充解释)
利弊对比类：The article cmpares the disadvantages/benefits f A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact f sth.
On the psitive side,…, but it may als…
研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpse f the reprt is t shw that…
秘籍2：说明文概要写作模板
现象/问题 + 原因 + 解决方案（因果关系）
介绍一个物体（它是如何制造的，如何使用，可能会如何改变，它新在哪里或有何重要性）
(2023年6月高考真题)
Teenagers shuld be pulled f the sfa
Fr many years, scientists thught that the human brain was fully mature befre the teen years. They thught that a persn's brain grwth was cmplete and the structure was mre r less fixed by the age f 3. Hwever, mre recent research shws that althugh the brain reaches its maximum size between the ages f 12 and 14, brain develpment is nt yet cmplete.
The brain's functinally different sectins cmmunicate with each ther thrugh synapses- cnnectins between nerve(神经)cells.Scientists have fund that synapses grw r die away, depending n hw much they are used t prcess infrmatin,
The gd news is that teenagers d have the ptential, thrugh chice and behavir , t shape their brain develpment. The brain autmatically gets rid f the synapses that it desn't need in rder t make the remaining nes mre efficient. During the time the brain is remving synapses , the cells and cnnectins that are used survive, while the nes that are nt used die away. Fr example , if a teenager is ding music , sprts r academic studies, thse are the cells and cnnectins that will becme part f the brain's perating system. But unfrtunately, if he r she is lying n the sfa, watching TV and playing cmputer games, thse are the brain cells and cnnectins that will remain int adulthd. Therefre, what yu d with yur teenage years culd have an effect n the rest f yur life,
What is imprtant is that learning hw synapses grw r die away can help teenagers be better equipped t make mre intelligent chices, thus mtivating them t take a mment befre acting t cnsider the cnsequences f their actins. If yu dn't want t becme an adult wh is buried in the sfa all day lng, pull yurself ut f it when yu are still a teenager.
破解：现象揭示写作思路。
引入话题：简述多年来科学家对青少年大脑发展的误解。
描述大脑发展的事实：12至14岁是大脑大小的峰值，但大脑发展还未完成。
解释突破：描述突破性研究，指出突触（synapses）的增长或减少取决于信息处理的使用程度。
青少年选择的重要性：强调青少年可以通过选择和行为塑造大脑发展。
举例说明：使用音乐、运动、学术研究与电视和电脑游戏作为对比，说明对应的大脑细胞和连接会留存。
结论与建议：强调了解突触如何增长或消失可以帮助青少年做出更明智的选择，鼓励他们在青少年时期摆脱不良习惯。
【答案】
The passage discusses hw teenage brain develpment is nt yet cmplete, cntrary t previus beliefs. It emphasizes that teenagers can influence their brain develpment thrugh their chices and behavirs. Activities like music, sprts, and academic studies strengthen brain cnnectins, while sedentary activities like watching TV weaken them. Understanding this can encurage teenagers t make smarter chices fr their future.
变式1： (2023年1月高考真题)
Fictin Reading
Fr many peple, nthing is mre enjyable than spending a whle afternn reading a gd nvel. But are nvels simply a pleasant way t pass the time, r culd it be true that reading fictin actually benefits ur lives?
One f the jys f fictin is that it can take us t places that ur lives wn't.It can transprt us t 17th-century France, r t war-tm Germany. It can take us t a future wrld in which artificial intelligence takes ver and bks are banned , r a fantasy wrld where peple battle it ut fr fd.
Fictin can als intrduce us t a whle range f peple that we haven't yet met. And this, accrding t Carrie Oates, a nvelist and academic , is perhaps the real benefit f stries.In ne f her studies, participants were asked t read either a shrt stry by Chekhv, r a versin f the stry in dcumentary frm. Thse wh were given the fictinalized versin were fund t be mre likely t sympathize with the characters, thus ging thrugh greater changes in persnality. in anther study, she shwed participants phts f the eyes f peple wh were feeling and thinking different things. The peple wh read fictin were better able t interpret thse thughts and feelings than thse wh didn't read. Oates explains that when we read fictin , we enter int the minds f the characters. We think abut why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely t d next. Just as we might becme mre knwledgeable abut psychlgy and astrnmy if we read abut psychlgy and astrnmy , we get better at this kind f scial thinking if we read fictin. This imprves ur understanding f the thughts and feelings f thse arund us in real life.
破解：利弊对比类写作思路
引入话题：提出小说阅读是否仅仅是消遣还是对生活有益。
描述小说的优点：小说能带领读者体验不同的时代和情境。
描述小说的社交益处：小说能帮助读者理解不同人物，提升同理心。
研究支持：引用Carrie Oates的研究，说明小说阅读对人格变化和社交理解的积极影响。
结论：强调小说阅读对现实生活理解的益处。
【答案】
Fictin reading is jyful and gd fr ur lives. Fictin can lead us t where we can't g in real life and let us knw different peple. Carrie Oates finds that fictin reading enables us t better understand the characters and thus change ur persnality and that this understanding helps us identify with real peple arund us.
变式2： (2022年7月高考真题)
Is there a crrelatin between high IQ and creative genius? Really, the phrasing f the questin cntradicts very much crrelatin, as “creativity” is in n way measured thrugh IQ standardized testing , and creativity is the greatest determinant f a genius as , like yu say , it is genius. Innvatin upn any subject requires a drive t create.
As nes IQ increases, there is an increased prbability that they are a genius because their level f creativity has a higher prbability f ascending( 升高) them t genius level. Hwever if the dds are against them, there is an average prbability that they are a genius since they are average percent genius. This is because genius and IQ are cmpsed f different mental cnstructs as IO measures a standard cmprehensin level , while creativity measures the way in which this cmprehensin is used, Fr example , if yur IQ is 180 , the percentage that yu are genius is subtracted by the amunt f creativity necessary t becme a genius. This is inductive f the influence that the brain has n awareness, The brain gains perceptive awareness upn "creating’ thughts in a cntinuus cyclic prcess, and if yu were very "intelligent”but culd nt generate thughts. yu culd nt be an intellectual being. Hwever ne wh is alive can never stp thinking, s the crrelatin f 1Q and genius wuld bjectively appear as a negative expnential functin.
There are few exceptinally creative peple ut there.just as there are few exceptinally intelligent peple, and ne des nt ccur with the ther. Pssessing a high level f intelligence is a platfrm f understanding fr the creative thinking skills t make up riginality. When ne bears infrmal thinking skills, they typically ccupy heightened intuitive awareness, and vivid imaginative qualities. Critical thinking skills allw ne t make sense f the resultant creative utput within its surrunding cntext f knwledge.
Hwever, nt all“geniuses”frm ur subjective intelligence range necessarily have high levels f creativity. One's level f intelligence can be s high that their platfrm f understanding generalizes ideas where a genius with lwer levels f intelligence must use creativity in rder t attain a srt f qualitative equivalence. Examples f peple like this thrughut histry include the likes f Jhn vn Neumann and Christpher Langan.
破解：研究显示类写作思路
引入话题：提出高智商和创造性天才之间是否存在相关性的问题。
解释创造力与智商的区别：创造力无法通过智商测试衡量，但却是天才最重要的因素。
研究发现：智商提高增加成为天才的可能性，但并非绝对。
原因分析：天才和智商基于不同的心理结构，智商衡量理解力，创造力衡量理解力的运用方式。
举例说明：高智商不一定等于高创造力，两者独立存在。
结论：高智商为创造性思维提供理解平台，但创造力同样重要。
【答案】
The main idea f the passage is that there is a cmplex relatinship between high IQ and creative genius. While higher IQ increases the likelihd f achieving genius-level creativity, it des nt guarantee it. Creativity and IQ are cmpsed f different mental cnstructs, and nt all highly intelligent individuals pssess high levels f creativity. The passage als emphasizes that critical thinking skills and infrmal thinking abilities play crucial rles in fstering creativity.
易错点二：议论文概要写作
秘籍1：议论文概要写作技巧
议论文（Argumentatin）：找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。
秘籍2：议论文概要写作模板
议论文：意见/观点+论证（支持观点/理由）
秘籍3：议论文概要写作的语言微技巧
1. 要点获取。要点获取过程就是文本解读过程。对于结构比较清楚的段落，可以通过筛选、寻找主题句找到要点，这通常是指能够概括全文或段落的关键句子；对于主题句不明确的文章或段落，可以使用关键词来设计主题句的方法。
2. 要点转述。要求使用自己的语言来进行自主表述。可以从以下几个主要方面进行转述：（1）同义替换法，指用相同的单词、短语替代原文；（2）语态转换法，指把句子在主动与被动语态之间转化；（3）词性改变法，在写作时，可以尝试改变词性，如将动词改成名词，或把形容词改为名词等手段变化原文；（4）句子重构，概要写作语言要求“以简为贵”，只有掌握多种句式，如定语从句、非谓语动词等，写作时就能从容自若，就能化复杂句式为简单句或整合重组松散句子。
3. 要点衔接。 概要写作并不是简单的要点罗列与堆砌，因此，在获取要点和转述要点之后，应特别关注各要点之间内部联系和逻辑结构，用适当的衔接将要点进行连接，从而形成一篇结构紧凑的小小短文。写作中常见的衔接词如下：
1）对立关系
包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, hwever, yet, n the cntrary, by cntrast, unfrtunately, althugh, even thugh, nevertheless, in spite f, regardless f, anyhw, instead f, rather than, nt…but等。
2）因果关系
常用的标志词和短语有：because, fr, since, as, thus, hence, therefre, s, s…that, such…that, in rder that, cnsequently, accrdingly, due t, thanks t, in respnse t, n accunt f, because f, cnsidering that, seeing that, in that, nw that, as a result, fr this reasn等。
3）并列关系
常用的标志词和短语有：and, r, neither…nr, either…r, nt nly…but als, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is t say, as well as, same…as等。
4）总分关系
常用的标志词和短语有：such as, fr example, fr instance, t illustrate, as an illustratin, t take an example, mre specifically等。
5）递进关系
常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additinally, in additin, furthermre, mrever, what is mre, what’s wrse, even wrse等。
(2020年1月上海卷高考真题)
Glbal Cperatin
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the bundaries (边界) f human inventin and innvatin — glbal cperatin. Scientific and technical research and develpment is nw s cmplicated that n ne scientist can knw it all. S, increasingly, innvatin is cming frm the cmbining f cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) frm different scientific fields.
There are nw ver 8,000 scientific jurnals wrldwide and it is impssible t be an expert in all areas. Therefre, in this highly specialized wrld, scientists, medics and engineers have t cperate in rder t innvate. Prfessr Bb Langer at Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) has made significant breakthrughs in the field f bimedical engineering. But he hasn’t dne it n his wn. He has invited experts frm arund the wrld in different fields t frm a glbal team t design new substances which can g inside the bdy, deliver medicines and then disslve.
Als at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard abut the il spill in the Gulf f Mexic in 2010, he quit his dream jb there and tried t develp a mre efficient way t remve the il. But rather than fcusing n prfit, he decided t ‘pen-surce’ the design. He shared his wn ideas n the web fr free and then gt experts frm all arund the wrld t cntribute ideas and even dnatins. Thanks t this free, nt-fr-prfit way f sharing ideas and intellectual prperty n the internet, a bat capable f cleaning il quickly came int being. Obviusly, internatinal cperatin based n sharing infrmatin freely has prduced innvative appraches t slving prblems.
It appears that the days f brilliant individuals wrking in their garages n their wn are ver. Glbal teams with a united purpse building n everyne’s expertise can cllectively d far mre than ne brilliant individual. Tday’s wrld calls fr glbal cperatrs, sharers, and nt prtectrs f ideas.
破解：对立观点类写作思路。
引入话题：提出21世纪全球合作推动人类发明和创新边界的观点。
解释原因：科学研究和技术开发复杂，单一科学家无法掌握所有知识。
举例说明：MIT的Bb Langer教授通过全球团队取得生物医学工程突破。
对比传统：传统个体在车库独自工作的方式已过时。
结论：全球合作、共享信息和专业知识是当今世界的需求。
【答案】
In this century, glbal cperatin in science and technlgy is desirable because n single scientist can be a knw-all due t the cmplexity f research and develpment. Scientists are wrking tgether t make breakthrughs. They als manage t slve prblems by sharing ideas infrmatin freely. Gne are the days when ne expert can make it alne.
变式1：（2025届·上海向明中学·期中）
The psychlgy behind sprts fandm
We all knw there are sprts fans all arund the wrld. But what psychlgical prcesses drive them t supprt their favrite athletes r teams with such passin, even withut the pssibility f reward?
Psychlgists have lng been interested in this tpic. Their survey reveals that peple’s need fr a sense f belnging is met when cnnected t smething bigger than themselves. It taps int their need fr purpse. Withut this cnnectin, they may feel that what they d desn’t really matter. Sprts fandm tends t invlve a deep emtinal attachment, t. Fans may nt directly cntribute t the results f matches, but they feel each win and lss as their wn. As a result, they cntinue t put in their emtins, time, energy — and ften mney — t supprt their favrite stars r teams.
Sprts fans cnsider their devtin t be a rewarding investment. Fandm can serve as a frm f escape, allwing them t temprarily discnnect frm their daily stresses. It als raises self-esteem, as fans ften assciate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense f pride. In additin, being part f a sprts cmmunity can strengthen scial bnds. Fr example, fans tend t say “we,” “us” and “ur” t shw their attachment t their favrite team, especially when it perfrms well. This shared language fsters a sense f tgetherness and helps peple build friendships. This is mre imprtant than ever nwadays as ther bnds acrss sciety have weakened, such as music and pp culture.
Hwever, sprts fans shuld nt put t many eggs in the sprts basket. After all, being a fan is all abut chasing mments f pure jy that stay with yu fr a lng time, whereas the heavy emtinal investment can lead t feelings f anxiety r disappintment when a team r athlete perfrms badly. Fr sme peple, the attachment becmes s strng that it affects their nrmal lives. There have been extreme cases f peple skipping a child’s wedding fr a certain game!
破解：观点支持类写作思路。
引入话题：提出体育迷热情支持运动员或球队的心理机制。
解释归属感：人们需要与更大的事物建立联系以满足归属感和目的感。
情感依附：体育迷对比赛结果有深厚情感依附。
积极影响：体育迷认为投入有回报，可以作为逃避日常压力的方式，提升自尊，增强社会联系。
负面影响：过度投入可能导致焦虑、失望，甚至影响正常生活。
结论：体育迷应平衡投入，追求纯粹的快乐。
【答案】
The passage explres the psychlgical drivers behind sprts fandm, highlighting hw it fulfills a need fr belnging and purpse, fsters emtinal attachment, and bsts self-esteem. It als serves as an escape frm daily stress and strengthens scial cnnectins. Hwever, excessive investment can lead t anxiety r life imbalances. Sprts fandm ffers jy but shuld be balanced t avid negative impacts.
变式2：（2025届·上海虹口区·一模）
Hw Green is the Paris Olympic Games?
The rganizers f the Paris Olympic Games have prmised t make the Games the mst sustainable in the decades since climate change became a cncern. But hw did it wrk?
On the plus side, rganizers have been serius in their effrts t educe carbn emissins. They measured the expected carbn ftprint f the Games, reduced emissins thrugh energy efficiencies and limited new cnstructin by using existing facilities.
But, the sustainability effrts in Paris have nt all been smth sailing. The Seine is scheduled t hst marathn swimming. But despite spending 1.4 billin eurs trying t clean the river, French authrities have achieved incnsistent results: Water tests in June still shwed high levels f pllutants.
The Paris rganizers had als hped t rely n a cling system that pump cld water beneath the village’s flrs. That technlgy was expected t reduce the carbn impact by 45 percent. Bur, eventually, they gave up their ambitin t avid using cnventinal air-cnditining in the Olympic Village, installing sme 2,500 temprary air-cnditining units.
Fr years, the rganizers all prmised the Games wuld be “climate psitive.” But, whatever effrts were taken, nne f them culd really achieve sustainability as lng as millins f turists flew int the hst city. Organizers f the Ri Olympics in 2016 estimated that mre than 40% f the carbn emissins came frm internatinal spectatrs. This year, with tickets available n a central platfrm glbally, the number f internatinal visitrs was beynd cntrl.
Fr all the effrts in Paris t reduce the carbn impact f the games, sme f which have been cnsiderable, the scale f future Games must be rethught. Jules Bykff, wh has written extensively abut the Olympic Games, rightly argues that “the Games need t reduce their size”. It wuldn’t slve everything, but it wuld make these events mre sustainable.
破解：问题解决类写作思路。
引入话题：巴黎奥运会承诺成为气候问题时代最可持续的赛事。
积极方面：组织者努力减少碳排放，通过能源效率和使用现有设施减少排放。
挑战与挫折：塞纳河清理效果不一致，奥运村空调安装问题。
游客影响：国际游客碳排放占比高，控制难度大。
解决方案：重新思考未来奥运会规模，Jules Bykff建议缩小奥运会规模。
【答案】
The Paris Olympic Games fell shrt f its sustainability gals. Effrts t reduce carbn emissins faced setbacks, including pllutin in the Seine, the need fr temprary air-cnditining units in the Olympic Village and the uncntrlled number f internatinal visitrs. Scaling dwn future Games fr greater sustainability might be a pssible slutin.
易错点三： 实验研究报告类写作技巧
秘籍1： 实验研究报告类写作技巧
一般来说，实验研究报告主要由以下几部分组成：
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究目的/背景
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究过程：（实施者，实验对象，采用方法，具体步骤）
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究结果：
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究意义/应用：
EQ \\ac(◇,●) 研究的不足/局限性：
秘籍2：实验研究报告类写作注意事项
①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。
②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。
③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。
④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。
（2025届·上海杨浦区·月考）
Smart Paint t Heat r Cl
Scientists in the US have develped a special paint that ffers a simple and clrful way t prevent huses frm verheating. Nrmally, the exterir f a huse absrbs heat frm the sun, which raises the indr temperature. The new paint, hwever, is engineered t reflect the sun’s heat ff the utside f the huse, which means the interir desn’t heat up as much in the first place.
There are ther types f reflective paint, but the new ne is the first t fcus n mid-infrared light, which is a type f light that the human eye cannt see but that peple feel as warmth. The special paint wrks by reflecting up t 80% f the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times mre than regular paint. The base layer f the paint cntains metal flakes that functin like a mirrr t reflect mid-infrared light. The tp layer cntains clr particles, which make the paint blue, green, range, purple, red, r yellw. The paint is waterprf and wrks well in different weather cnditins.
Nearly 90% f all US husehlds use air-cnditining, which requires a lt f electricity. In fact, cling residences accunts fr 6% f all electricity use in the US and csts Americans abut $29 Billin a year. Preventing hmes frm heating up as much will reduce the need fr air-cnditining t pump cl air int the building. In additin t cling a huse in ht summer mnths, the paint can als keep a hme warm in the winter. When it is used n the walls indrs, it reflects the mid-infrared light back int the rm, keeping the warmth in.
Accrding t the paint’s creatrs, using it can reduce the amunt f energy it takes t cl a huse by nearly 21%. In cld cnditins, it can cut the energy needed t warm a rm by 36%. All is gd news nt nly fr peple wh care abut the envirnment but als fr thse wrrying abut their electricity r heating bills.
破解：研究过程与结果类写作思路。
研究目的：介绍一种新型智能涂料，用于防止房屋过热。
研究过程：描述涂料的反射原理，特别是对中红外光的反射。
研究结果：新型涂料比普通涂料更有效，能显著减少房屋内部温度。
应用与意义：减少空调使用，降低能源消耗，对环境和经济都有益处。
结论：智能涂料在不同天气条件下表现良好，具有多种颜色选择。
【答案】
A smart paint, develped by scientists can help keep hmes cl by reflecting sunlight ff the exterirs and keep hmes warm when used n indr walls. It is mre effective than regular paints, fcusing n mid- infrared light. Besides being waterprf, the paint cmes in different clrs. Using the paint is beneficial t the envirnment and can lwer energy expenses.
变式： (2019年6月上海卷高考真题)
It's undeniable: Being amng the first t try ut a new piece f technlgy is cl. There's the excitement f ding what has never been dne befre—the feeling that yu're living in the future. And when yu're the sle member f yur scial circle with the latest ht gadget, peple stare in fascinatin. They ask yu questins. They see yu as the hlder f pwerful, secret knwledge—fr a little while, until the next big thing cmes alng. Peple tend t underestimate the csts f this temprary clness, which they pay in mre ways than ne. Dn't fall int the early adpter trap. Dn't jin the first wave f cnsumers wh invest in the latest media-hyped hardware; instead, wait and see.
T put it frankly, early adptin is a bad investment. First, the earliest versins f devices are nt nly expensive, they are als the mst expensive that thse devices will ever be. Cmpanies are presumably attempting t recver the cst f prductin as fast as they can, and they knw that there are serius tech-lvers wh will pay a great deal t be first. Once the revenues frm early adpters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift t the next marketing phase: selling the prduct t everyne else. This is why the cst f the riginal iPhne drpped abut U. S. $200 nly eight mnths after its release. Plus, electrnics hardly ever becme mre expensive because intense cmpetitin in the industry puts dwnward pressure n prices ver time. Prices f gadgets will fall shrtly after release, and they will likely keep falling. Many new TV mdels drp significantly in price as little as ten days after hitting the market. Further, electrnics rapidly depreciate because they becme bslete (废弃的) s quickly. This means that early adpters pay the maximum price fr an item that des nt hld nt its value. The resale price f a cell phne r laptp can drp by fifty percent within just a few mnths.
Speaking f becming bslete, thse wh are first t leap int a new technlgy risk wasting mney and time n smething that will never catch n. Anther gd reasn t resist the early-adptin temptatin is that the first versin f a prduct typically has defects that cst a lt in time and frustratin. Such prblems are s cmmn with new technlgy that early adpters are basically unpaid beta testers and trubleshters. Unless this sunds t yu like a fun way t spend yur time, dn’t be amng the first users. If yu wait t learn what the prblems are with a new electrnic gadget, yu can lk frward t a smther experience—r chse a less trublesme prduct.
破解：研究应用类写作思路
研究目的：探讨早期采用新技术产品的成本和风险。
研究过程：分析早期采用者支付高昂价格的原因，产品快速贬值的现象，以及新产品可能存在的缺陷。
研究结果：早期采用者可能支付最高价格购买快速贬值的产品，面临产品不成熟的风险。
研究意义：建议消费者等待市场成熟后再购买新技术产品，以避免不必要的损失。
应用建议：消费者应评估新技术产品的长期价值，避免盲目追求最新产品。
【答案】
Dn’t be the first users f the latest electrnic devices. The reasns are as fllwing: firstly, the earliest versins f devices are ften expensive because cmpanies want t get back the cst quickly. Secndly, electrnics will be ut f date rapidly. Thirdly, the first versin f a prduct is with sme defects generally is likely imperfect. Therefre, dn’t be the first t try ut the new prducts/early adpters.

1．（2025届·上海长宁区·一模）
The rle f siblings(兄弟姐妹)
It’s cmmn knwledge that the family a child grws up in has a huge influence n the child’s attitudes, beliefs and mental health. Peple usually think that the child’s parents are respnsible fr this influence, but relatinships with brthers and sisters are just as imprtant. Siblings prvide children with a unique pprtunity t practice interacting with their peers, rather than authrity figures. Althugh friendships can have similar effects, relatinships with siblings ffer sme unique advantages.
During childhd, siblings see each ther every day and spend mre time with each ther than with anyne else, sharing experiences that last all their lives. Siblings are als frced t persevere in their relatinships with each ther even if they have a falling ut. This frces children t practice cnflict reslutin skills since they cannt leave the familial relatinship, as they culd with a friend. But a sibling relatinship als ffers a safe place t discuss difficult tpics withut fear f abandnment. Mrever, lder siblings ften teach their yunger brthers and sisters abut life. They can cnvey useful skills and advice, but they can als set bad examples, leading their yunger siblings t d things that are wrng r flish.
Once children grw up, they d nt see their siblings as ften as befre since they usually n lnger live tgether. Maintaining sibling relatinships nw takes wrk, and if siblings d nt get alng, they can avid each ther. But many sibling relatinships imprve in yung adulthd as the siblings mature. Smetimes the distance helps siblings enjy each ther’s cmpany when they d meet.
Relatinships between siblings vary depending n the ages and persnalities f the children invlved. Even the best sibling relatinships invlve sme disagreements, but a strng relatinship can survive such cnflicts. Cnsidering the rle f siblings thrughut ur lives, it’s critical t take the time t cultivate psitive relatinships with siblings.
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【答案】Grwing up with siblings prmtes the ability t get alng with peers. Siblings shape each ther. In childhd, they share life under the same safe rf, acquiring cnflict-handling skills tgether, with lder siblings ften guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relatinships ften imprve. Sibling relatinships are diverse, and it's imprtant t develp a psitive ne. (55 wrds)
【导语】这是一篇说明文。和兄弟姐妹一起长大可以提高与同龄人相处的能力。兄弟姐妹互相影响。在童年时期，他们在同一个安全的屋檐下生活，一起学习处理冲突的技能，通常由哥哥姐姐指导。成年兄弟姐妹见面较少，但关系往往会改善。兄弟姐妹的关系是多种多样的，发展积极的关系很重要。
【详解】1.要点摘录①Siblings prvide children with a unique pprtunity t practice interacting with their peers, rather than authrity figures.②During childhd, siblings see each ther every day and spend mre time with each ther than with anyne else, sharing experiences that last all their lives.③Siblings are als frced t persevere in their relatinships with each ther even if they have a falling ut. This frces children t practice cnflict reslutin skills since they cannt leave the familial relatinship, as they culd with a friend. But a sibling relatinship als ffers a safe place t discuss difficult tpics withut fear f abandnment. Mrever, lder siblings ften teach their yunger brthers and sisters abut life. They can cnvey useful skills and advice, but they can als set bad examples, leading their yunger siblings t d things that are wrng r flish.④Once children grw up, they d nt see their siblings as ften as befre since they usually n lnger live tgether. Maintaining sibling relatinships nw takes wrk, and if siblings d nt get alng, they can avid each ther. But many sibling relatinships imprve in yung adulthd as the siblings mature.⑤Relatinships between siblings vary depending n the ages and persnalities f the children invlved⑥Cnsidering the rle f siblings thrughut ur lives, it’s critical t take the time t cultivate psitive relatinships with siblings.2．缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、要点进行分说，5、6进行总结3．遣词造句Grwing up with siblings prmtes the ability t get alng with peers. Siblings shape each ther.In childhd, they share life under the same safe rf, acquiring cnflict-handling skills tgether, with lder siblings ften guiding. Adult siblings meet less, but relatinships ften imprve. Sibling relatinships are diverse, and it's imprtant t develp a psitive ne
【点睛】[高分句型1] In childhd, they share life under the same safe rf, acquiring cnflict-handling skills tgether, with lder siblings ften guiding.（运用了现在分词作状语）[高分句型2] Sibling relatinships are diverse, and it’s imprtant t develp a psitive ne.（运用了it作形式主语，不定式作真正主语）
2．（2025届·上海静安区·一模）
Hard times uplift human scieties’ resilience(韧性)
The ld saying may be true: What desn’t kill yu makes yu strnger. At least that’s the case fr human civilizatins acrss 30,000 years f histry, accrding t a new study published in Nature. The study fund that, acrss the glbe, ancient human scieties that experienced serius setbacks were als quick t bunce back frm future dwnturns.
Histrians and archaelgists have published many case studies n individual scietal crises and human reactins, but it’s hard t cmpare these experiences frm different eras and places. This study pulled tgether data frm 16 separate sites arund the glbe, spanning frm Suth Africa t Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ag.
T determine dwnturns and recveries, the researchers used a methd called dates-as-data. They drew infrmatin frm rganic materials dug frm the sites whse ages culd be tld based n the decay f carbn-14, a radiactive frm f carbn.
Thrugh the study f the materials, it was fund that farmers were mst pssible victims f disasters, since ne bad weather r a dry seasn culd mean immediate risk. And farmers, either ut f luck r because they had sme srt f technlgy, gt ver the crises. As a result, they passed dwn the experience and the aspect f culture that culd enable their descendants t d better next time. It explains why these agricultural grups perfrmed well in the future dwnturns and the agricultural scieties were always well psitined t recver frm disasters.
Whether mdern humans can pull directly frm these lessns is less certain. All f the scieties in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in cmmn with tday’s glbal rder. Hwever, the methd t cmpare scieties t lk fr patterns is imprtant fr mdern peple.
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【答案】A study fund ancient scieties suffering frm crises recvered quickly frm future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites acrss time and space. Dates-as-data methd was applied t tell ages f cllected samples, which fund farmers, the primary disaster victims, smehw survived and the experiences benefited their descendants fr future quick recveries. The cmparing methdlgy f the study is valuable tday.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究发现，遭受危机的古代社会很快就能从未来的挫折中恢复过来。这项研究研究了跨越时间和空间的多个地点。采用日期作为数据的方法对收集的样本进行了年龄测定，结果发现，作为主要受害者的农民以某种方式幸存下来，这些经历使他们的后代受益，有助于未来的快速恢复。这项研究的比较方法在今天是有价值的。
【详解】1.要点摘录 ①At least that’s the case fr human civilizatins acrss 30,000 years f histry, accrding t a new study published in Nature. The study fund that, acrss the glbe, ancient human scieties that experienced serius setbacks were als quick t bunce back frm future dwnturns.②Histrians and archaelgists have published many case studies n individual scietal crises and human reactins, but it’s hard t cmpare these experiences frm different eras and places. This study pulled tgether data frm 16 separate sites arund the glbe, spanning frm Suth Africa t Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ag.③T determine dwnturns and recveries, the researchers used a methd called dates-as-data. Thrugh the study f the materials, it was fund that farmers were mst pssible victims f disasters, since ne bad weather r a dry seasn culd mean immediate risk. It explains why these agricultural grups perfrmed well in the future dwnturns and the agricultural scieties were always well psitined t recver frm disasters.④Hwever, the methd t cmpare scieties t lk fr patterns is imprtant fr mdern peple.
缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3．遣词造句A study fund ancient scieties suffering frm crises recvered quickly frm future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites acrss time and space. Dates-as-data methd was applied t tell ages f cllected samples, which fund farmers, the primary disaster victims, smehw survived and the experiences benefited their descendants fr future quick recveries. The cmparing methdlgy f the study is valuable tday.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A study fund ancient scieties suffering frm crises recvered quickly frm future setbacks.用现在分词作后置定语对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。[高分句型2] Dates-as-data methd was applied t tell ages f cllected samples, which fund farmers, the primary disaster victims, smehw survived and the experiences benefited their descendants fr future quick recveries.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。
3．（2025届·上海松江区·一模）
Is Regenerating Nature Only Charitable?
In the wrld f envirnmental cnservatin, many peple think nature regeneratin prjects are mainly abut charity, nt prfit. This idea has wrapped arund ur cmmn awareness, casting such effrts as nble but financially unreliable pursuits. Hwever, is this assumptin accurate? With a mix f passin, strategy and innvatin, Khry Hancck, an envirnmental scientist and businessman, is demnstrating that nature regeneratin can indeed be prfitable.
Accrding t Hancck, ne way t make mney is thrugh carbn credits. These credits are like tickets that rganizatins can buy r sell. When they invest in restring ecsystems, they earn credits that can be traded fr mney. This gives cnservatin a real purpse t help nature and at the same time brings financial rewards. Beynd direct financial returns, it als helps enhance businesses’ public image. In a wrld where infrmatin travels rapidly and pinins are frmed swiftly, having a gd public image is withut dubt a strategic necessity. The benefits are far-reaching, frm building trust and credibility t attracting pprtunities and encuraging better relatinships, all helping businesses make prfits in the lng run.
Hancck adds that the fields f prfitability d nt end there. By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the pwer f carbn stred as sil rganic matter, which has a great effect n almst all sil prperties - making the sil mre prductive. Hancck has als prved that the regenerating practices reduce the gradual destructin f sil and imprves sil structure, making the land mre adaptable t weather extremes, such as flds and drughts, and cnsequently increases prductivity.
Such prjects reveal the hidden values that lie within envirnmental restratin. If mre investrs increase the scale f these prjects, bring financial benefits t bth businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit frm a sustainable wrld.
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【答案】Khry Hancck shws it can be prfitable t regenerate nature. Businesses get prfits directly by selling carbn credits and indirectly frm the enhanced public image. Mrever, farmers prfit frm imprved prductivity with rganic matters and a mre adaptive land. With mre nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable wrld. (50 wrds)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，科里·汉考克表示，再生自然是有利可图的。企业可以通过出售碳信用额度直接获利，也可以通过提高公众形象间接获利。此外，农民从有机物质和适应性更强的土地的生产力提高中获利。有了更多类似的自然再生实践，我们将拥有一个可持续发展的世界。
【详解】1 要点摘录①With a mix f passin, strategy and innvatin, Khry Hancck, an envirnmental scientist and businessman, is demnstrating that nature regeneratin can indeed be prfitable.②Accrding t Hancck, ne way t make mney is thrugh carbn credits. ③Beynd direct financial returns, it als helps enhance businesses’ public image.④By regenerating farming lands, farmers can use the pwer f carbn stred as sil rganic matter, which has a great effect n almst all sil prperties - making the sil mre prductive. ⑤ If mre investrs increase the scale f these prjects, bring financial benefits t bth businesses and farming, and in the end, the planet, we can benefit frm a sustainable wrld. 2．缜密构思将第1、4、5三个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3．遣词造句Crey Hancck says regeneratin is naturally prfitable. Cmpanies can prfit directly by selling carbn credits r indirectly by raising their public prfile. In additin, farmers prfit frm increased prductivity frm rganic matter and mre adaptable land. With mre natural regeneratin practices like this, we will have a sustainable wrld.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Khry Hancck shws it can be prfitable t regenerate nature. (运用了省略连接代词that的宾语从句)[高分句型2] With mre nature regenerating practices alike, we’ll have a sustainable wrld. (运用了with的复合结构)
4．（2025届·上海上外附中·期中）
Des Mther Nature Knw Best?
Clning - using genetic engineering t make exact cpies f living plants and animals - has been in science fictin fr years. Since 1997, with the clning f a sheep, Dlly, it has becme part f real life and the subject f public debate.
Fr sme peple, human clning is acceptable in medicine despite the criticism that it is unnatural. Fr example human tissue can be clned fr use in rgan replacement r gene therapy. Als, rgans culd be prvided by human clnes. When a child is suffering frm a fatal disease and needs an rgan dnr, its parents culd have a yunger clned brther r sister-effectively an identical twin. This wuld prvide 100% dnr cmpatibility while an rgan dnated frm anther brther r sister wuld nly stand a 25% chance f being successful. Mrever, cuples wh can’t have children may wish t clne a child frm themselves. Finally, endangered animals culd be clned t increase their numbers.
Hwever, there are many arguments against clning. Althugh many peple saw the clning f Dlly as a majr breakthrugh, it is just anther step twards’ playing with nature’. Firstly, in spite f what they say, scientists have n idea f the lng-term effect f genetic engineering. Mre and mre genetically altered plants are being prduced, and clned farm animals are next. On the ther hand, creating “perfect” plants and animals culd eliminate the great variety f species n ur planet. Furthermre, sme scientists say we culd transplant rgans frm clned animals int humans, even thugh the risks t health are enrmus.
All things cnsidered, I am against clning. It is clear that we need t regulate genetic engineering and stp experiments nw, befre it is t late!
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【答案】Since 1997, clned sheep Dlly has caused widespread discussin. Sme peple think this technlgy is acceptable because it can help cuples get children r save endangered species. Sme peple disagree, because there are sme unknwn effects f this technlgy, such as whether clning rgans is harmful t humans r whether the created perfect creatures will harm existing species.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。自1997年以来，克隆羊多莉引起了广泛的讨论。有些人认为这项技术是可以接受的，因为它可以帮助夫妇生孩子或拯救濒危物种。有些人不同意，因为这项技术有一些未知的影响，比如克隆器官是否对人类有害，或者创造的完美生物是否会伤害现有的物种。
【详解】1.要点摘录①Since 1997, with the clning f a sheep, Dlly, it has becme part f real life and the subject f public debate.②Fr sme peple, human clning is acceptable in medicine despite the criticism that it is unnatural.③Mrever, cuples wh can’t have children may wish t clne a child frm themselves. Finally, endangered animals culd be clned t increase their numbers.④Hwever, there are many arguments against clning.⑤Firstly, in spite f what they say, scientists have n idea f the lng-term effect f genetic engineering. Mre and mre genetically altered plants are being prduced, and clned farm animals are next. On the ther hand, creating “perfect” plants and animals culd eliminate the great variety f species n ur planet. Furthermre, sme scientists say we culd transplant rgans frm clned animals int humans, even thugh the risks t health are enrmus..2．缜密构思 将第1要点进行总说，将第2、3概括说；4、5概括说。3．遣词造句Since 1997, clned sheep Dlly has caused widespread discussin. Sme peple think this technlgy is acceptable because it can help cuples get children r save endangered species. Sme peple disagree, because there are sme unknwn effects f this technlgy, such as whether clning rgans is harmful t humans r whether the created perfect creatures will harm existing species.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Sme peple think this technlgy is acceptable because it can help cuples get children r save endangered species.（运用省略that的宾语从句和because引导的原因状语从句）[高分句型2] Sme peple disagree, because there are sme unknwn effects f this technlgy, such as whether clning rgans is harmful t humans r whether the created perfect creatures will harm existing species.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句和whether引导的宾语从句）
5．（2025届·上海延安中学·期中）
Ways f parenting
It is evident that in bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisitin f each new skill — the first spken wrds, the first independent steps, r the beginning f reading and writing. It is cmmn t see parents hurry the child beynd his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerus feelings f failure and states f wrry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be frced t use a tilet t early, a yung child might be encuraged t learn t read befre he knws the meaning f the wrds he reads. On the ther hand, thugh, when a child is left alne t much, r withut any learning pprtunities, he lses his natural enthusiasm fr life and his desire t find ut new things fr himself.
Parenting practices ften stem frm the persnal needs and pririties f parents, as they aim t align their children’s upbringing with their wn gals and expectatins. At the same time, external influences subtly shape these appraches, with cmmunity values and scietal nrms playing an underlying rle in guiding decisins abut child-rearing. These intercnnected factrs tgether influence hw parents manage their children’s grwth and behavir.
As regards the develpment f mral standards in the grwing child, cnsistency is very imprtant in parental teaching. T frbid a thing ne day and excuse it the next is n fundatin fr mrality. Als parents shuld realize that “example is better than precept (戒律，准则)”. If they are nt sincere and d nt practice what they preach (说教), their children may grw cnfused and emtinally insecure when they grw ld enugh t think fr themselves, and realize they have been t sme extent fled. A sudden awareness f a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their mrals can be a dangerus disappintment.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Ways f parenting are vary. Hastening children’s prgress triggers negative feelings while neglecting their needs t learn diminishes innate curisity. The differences result frm parents’ individual requirements, alng with scial values and rules. Meanwhile, t cultivate mrality in children, parents shuld stick t the same standards and match their wrds with deeds, r children may be afterwards emtinally vulnerable and disappinted.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，养育子女的方式各不相同。加快孩子的进步会引发负面情绪，而忽视他们的学习需求会削弱他们与生俱来的好奇心。这种差异是由父母的个人要求以及社会价值观和规则造成的。同时，要培养孩子的道德，父母应该坚持同样的标准，言行一致，否则孩子可能会在情感上变得脆弱和失望。
【详解】1.要点摘录①It is cmmn t see parents hurry the child beynd his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerus feelings f failure and states f wrry in the child.②When a child is left alne t much, r withut any learning pprtunities, he lses his natural enthusiasm fr life and his desire t find ut new things fr himself.③Parenting practices ften stem frm the persnal needs and pririties f parents.Cmmunity values and scietal nrms play an underlying rle in guiding decisins abut child-rearing.④As regards the develpment f mral standards in the grwing child, cnsistency is very imprtant in parental teaching, r their children may grw cnfused and emtinally insecure.2．缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。3．遣词造句Hastening children’s prgress triggers negative feelings while neglecting their needs t learn diminishes innate curisity. The differences result frm parents’ individual requirements, alng with scial values and rules.T cultivate mrality in children, parents shuld stick t the same standards and match their wrds with deeds, r children may be afterwards emtinally vulnerable and disappinted.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：Hastening children’s prgress triggers negative feelings while neglecting their needs t learn diminishes innate curisity. （运用一个并列句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中动名词作主语表达高级）。[高分句型2]：Meanwhile, t cultivate mrality in children, parents shuld stick t the same standards and match their wrds with deeds, r children may be afterwards emtinally vulnerable and disappinted. （运用一个并列句对原文第三段进行了概括。其中不定式作目的状语表达高级）。
6．（2025届·上海徐汇区·一模）
Why we hate phne calls
Suddenly a sund rings ut, stpping yu in yur tracks. Panicking, yu search fr where it culd be cming frm. It’s yur phne, and if yu’ re like a quarter f 18 t 30-year-lds in a recent British study, yu prbably wn’t answer it. The same study fund that 70% f the peple in this age grup prefer text messages t phne calls. Why d s many yung peple hate phne calls?
While previus generatins grew up using landlines t talk t their friends, smartphne-equipped yunger peple have grwn up used t using text messages fr scial cnversatins. There’s less pressure with texting. Yu can read and respnd t messages n yur wn schedule, and yu can take time t think abut what yu want t say rather than being put n the spt during a phne call. Besides, when yu can craft a reply free f interruptin, yu have greater cntrl ver yur cntributins t a cnversatin. Cmmunicatin like phne calls can lead peple t feel a lss f cntrl and the crrespnding anxiety. Many yung peple reprt assciating phne calls, particularly thse withut prir warning, with bad news.
This means that new scial cdes are being established. Many peple will nw text smene t see if they’re available t take a phne call. If smene desn’t feel able t sum smething up in a few shrt messages, they might leave a lng vice nte.
But this desn’t mean that anxiety arund cmmunicatin has been stpped. Evidence suggests that texting can als cause anxiety. Many times, texting anxiety cmes frm frustratin, fear, and wrry ver the reactins f ther peple. Fr instance, a shrt respnse t yur lng message might be interpreted as a cld shrug and many peple reprt tensins frm being “left n read”— when yu knw smene has read yur message, but they dn’t, r wn’t, reply.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Study fund that yung peple nwadays prefer text messages t phne calls because there is less pressure and they can have mre cntrl ver the cmmunicatin, which reduces anxiety. New scial cde invlves texting t check availability befre calling r leaving a vice message. Hwever, texting can create new anxieties abut ther peple’s reactins.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，现在的年轻人更喜欢发短信而不是打电话，因为这样压力更小，他们可以更好地控制交流，从而减少焦虑。新的社交准则包括在打电话或留言前先发短信确认是否有空。然而，发短信会让人对别人的反应产生新的焦虑。
【详解】1 要点摘录①While previus generatins grew up using landlines t talk t their friends, smartphne-equipped yunger peple have grwn up used t using text messages fr scial cnversatins.②There’s less pressure with texting. Yu can read and respnd t messages n yur wn schedule, and yu can take time t think abut what yu want t say rather than being put n the spt during a phne call.③This means that new scial cdes are being established. ④Many peple will nw text smene t see if they’re available t take a phne call.⑤But this desn’t mean that anxiety arund cmmunicatin has been stpped. Evidence suggests that texting can als cause anxiety.⑥Many times, texting anxiety cmes frm frustratin, fear, and wrry ver the reactins f ther peple.2．缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。3．遣词造句Study fund that yung peple nwadays prefer text messages t phne calls.There is less pressure and they can have mre cntrl ver the cmmunicatin, which reduces anxiety.New scial cde invlves texting t check availability t take a phne call.Texting can create new anxieties abut ther peple’s reactins
【点睛】[高分句型1] Study fund that yung peple nwadays prefer text messages t phne calls because there is less pressure and they can have mre cntrl ver the cmmunicatin, which reduces anxiety.(运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句为高级表达。)[高分句型2]New scial cde invlves texting t check availability befre calling r leaving a vice message.(运用两个动名词短语作宾语，概况了第三段的主要内容)。
7．（2025届·上海金山区·月考）
Find Yur New Favurite Hbby
“Challenging, fun and engaging hbbies have the pwer t make us happier and healthier,” says Kate Hanselman with a laugh, and that’s why her hme is a grand hbby exhibitin — fencing equipment, multiple pairs f rck-climbing shes, yarn everywhere fr knitting… Research has prved that hbbies help peple in creative, physical, and intellectual ways. The nly questins is: hw can we find ur new favrite hbby?
Matthew J. Zawazki, a prfessr f health psychlgy advises that we ask urselves hw we want an activity t make us feel. “Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Scially cnnected? It’s helpful t cnsider what yur life is missing and recgnizing these needs matters,” says Matthew. Hbbies present an escape as they help us calm dwn, s figuring ut the answers t the abve questins can be vital.
Rebecca Weiler, a mental health adviser warns us nt t invest a tn f time and mney in a new hbby immediately. “Always ease in t figure ut if it’s right fr yu,” she says, “Yu can always d mre later.” S, if yu’re taking an interest in pttery, sign up t d a ne-time class rather than a set f eight. Besides, she adds that it’s smart t resist the pressure t vercmmit. “Yu spend enugh f yur day pushing yurself, but hbbies are suppsed t be fun. S yu can stp anytime as lng as yu dn’t like a certain part in yur hbby.”
Katina Bajaj, a clinic psychlgy researcher, wants t remind us f ur childhd. “When yu were a kid, what did yu want t be when yu grew up? The answer culd pint yu twards an appealing hbby,” accrding t Katina. Revisiting activities we lved when yung is really helpful t start with because it allws yu t feel cmfrtable. Childhd jys can easily develp int adult hbbies.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Pssible versin 1:Hbbies benefit peple in multiple ways s prfessinals in related fields give tips n hw t find new hbbies. One way is t identify the feelings we want frm the activity by finding ut ur missing needs. Anther is t start small and invest mre later. Meanwhile, avid pushing yurself t vercmmitment. Finally, revisiting the favurite childhd activities als helps.
Pssible versin 2:Studies shw that hbbies bring creative, physical, and intellectual benefits. T find a new favurite hbby prfessr Matthew suggests that we can cnsider what we miss and need in life. Adviser Rebecca wants us t slw dwn and nt t vercmmit because hbbies shuld be fun. Researcher Katina advises that childhd jys can be ptential answers fr adult hbbies.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了如何找到新的爱好，建议通过自我反思了解需求，逐步尝试，避免过度投入，并考虑童年兴趣，以找到既有趣又适合自己的活动。（具体分析以第一个版本为例）【详解】1. 要点摘录①Research has prved that hbbies help peple in creative, physical, and intellectual ways.②The nly questins is: hw can we find ur new favrite hbby?③Matthew J. Zawazki, a prfessr f health psychlgy advises that we ask urselves hw we want an activity t make us feel.④It’s helpful t cnsider what yur life is missing and recgnizing these needs matters.⑤Rebecca Weiler, a mental health adviser warns us nt t invest a tn f time and mney in a new hbby immediately.⑥Besides, she adds that it’s smart t resist the pressure t vercmmit.⑦Revisiting activities we lved when yung is really helpful t start with because it allws yu t feel cmfrtable.2． 缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，说明兴趣使人受益，引出专家的建议；将第3、4两个要点进行整合，概括第一个专家的建议；将第5、6两个要点进行整合，概括第二个专家的建议；将第7个要点进行重组，概括第三个专家的建议。3． 遣词造句Hbbies benefit peple in multiple ways s prfessinals in related fields give tips n hw t find new hbbies.One way is t identify the feelings we want frm the activity by finding ut ur missing needs.Anther is t start small and invest mre later. Meanwhile, avid pushing yurself t vercmmitment.Finally, revisiting the favurite childhd activities als helps.
【点睛】[高分句型1] One way is t identify the feelings we want frm the activity by finding ut ur missing needs. (运用了不定式作表语、关系代词引导限制性定语从句并被省略、动名词作宾语)[高分句型2] Finally, revisiting the favurite childhd activities als helps. (运用了动名词作主语)
8.（2025届·上海松间高级中学·期中）
Here’s Why Planning a Trip Can Help Yur Mental Health
There’s sme gd news fr glbe-trtters (环球旅行者): Accrding t researchers, lking ahead t yur next adventure culd benefit yur mental health, even if yu’re nt sure when that adventure will be.
Sme psychlgists believe in the mental benefits f vacatining smewhere new. Fr example, travel can enhance empathy, attentin, energy, and fcus. Other research suggests that the act f adapting t freign cultures may als facilitate creativity. But what abut the act f planning a trip? Can we get a mental health bst frm travel befre we even leave hme?
Planning and anticipating a trip can be almst as enjyable as ging n the trip itself, and there’s research t back it up. A 2014 Crnell University study delved (探索、探究) int hw the anticipatin f an experience (like a trip) can increase a persn’s happiness substantially — much mre s than the anticipatin f buying material gds. An earlier study, published by the University f Surrey in 2002, fund that peple are at their happiest when they have a vacatin planned.
Matthew Killingswrth, nw a senir fellw at the Whartn Schl at the University f Pennsylvania, says trip-planning encurages an ptimistic utlk. “As humans, we spend a lt f ur mental lives living in the future,” says Killingswrth, whse wrk centers n understanding the nature and causes f human happiness. “Our future-mindedness can be a surce f jy if we knw gd things are cming, and travel is an especially gd thing t have t lk frward t.”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Planning a trip can imprve ur mental health. Besides the varius benefits f travel, the mere act f planning a trip is als gd fr us. The planning prcess is enjyable and increases happiness, which is supprted by several studies. Matthew Killingswrth at the University f Pennsylvania pints ut that trip planning als encurages a psitive perspective n the future. (60 wrds)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍计划一次旅行可以改善我们的心理健康。除了旅行的各种好处之外，计划旅行的行为本身也对我们有好处。计划的过程是愉快的，并增加幸福感。另外旅行计划还能鼓励人们对未来抱有积极的看法。【详解】1 要点摘录①Accrding t researchers, lking ahead t yur next adventure culd benefit yur mental health, even if yu’re nt sure when that adventure will be.②Sme psychlgists believe in the mental benefits f vacatining smewhere new.③Planning and anticipating a trip can be almst as enjyable as ging n the trip itself, and there’s research t back it up.④Matthew Killingswrth, nw a senir fellw at the Whartn Schl at the University f Pennsylvania, says trip-planning encurages an ptimistic utlk. 2．缜密构思：第1个要点进行精简，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。3．遣词造句Planning a trip can better ur mental health.
In additin t the varius benefits f travel, the mere act f planning a trip is als gd fr us.The planning prcess is enjyable and increases happiness and several studies supprted that.Matthew Killingswrth at the University f Pennsylvania explains that trip planning als encurages a psitive perspective n the future.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Planning a trip can imprve ur mental health. 运用一个简单句对第一段进行总结，动名词作主语，表达高级，精炼。[高分句型2]The planning prcess is enjyable and increases happiness, which is supprted by several studies.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第三段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句，表达高级。[高分句型3]Matthew Killingswrth at the University f Pennsylvania pints ut that trip planning als encurages a psitive perspective n the future. 用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了最后一段部分内容。其中that连接宾语从句的用法比较高级。
9.（2025届·上海闵行区实验高级中学·期中）
Let the Yuth Speak Up
The Glbal Yuth Empwerment Fundatin (GYEF) is a leading rganizatin that helps yung peple share their ideas and slutins fr a better wrld. This grup is especially imprtant tday, as it helps yung peple get invlved in making changes in areas like the ecnmy, sciety, and the envirnment. Their main prject, “Vices f Tmrrw,” invites yung peple frm different places t cme up with creative ways t slve big glbal issues.
Fr example, Anna Dbrenkv frm Russia suggested creating a digital link between cuntries t share new ideas and business pprtunities. This idea came frm seeing hw technlgy can bring peple and cuntries clser tgether. The “Vices f Tmrrw” effrt is part f a bigger prject called the Glbal Develpment Exchange (GDX), which aims t meet sustainable develpment gals. It has inspired yung peple frm mre than 60 cuntries t prpse ideas fr things like envirnmental technlgy and better healthcare.
Yu Yunquan, a leader in wrld studies, stressed the value f yung peple taking part in wrld decisin-making, encuraging them t share their fresh thughts and creativity. Damaris Carls frm Peru made an impactful prpsal based n her cmmunity’s health challenges, emphasizing the need fr cuntries t wrk tgether mre clsely in health matters.
The campaign als fcuses n reducing the digital gap, pushing fr platfrms that allw yung peple t fight fr change and share their stries. Recently, they talked abut creating a clud-based healthcare system t help cuntries share medical resurces, shwing GYEF’s belief in wrking tgether fr better grwth and supprt.
In shrt, GYEF and “Vices f Tmrrw” shw hw yung peple’s enthusiasm and new ideas can lead t a wrld that’s mre fair and sustainable. This initiative keeps inspiring future leaders t imagine a wrld where prgress and equality are real.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文
The Glbal Yuth Empwerment Fundatin encurages yung peple wrldwide t find slutins fr big challenges thrugh its “Vices f Tmrrw” prject. It fcuses n technlgy, sustainability, and healthcare, shwing the imprtance f yung vices in creating a better, and mre cnnected wrld. This initiative prves that yuth ideas can make a real difference in achieving a fair and sustainable future.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，全球青年赋权基金会鼓励世界各地的年轻人通过“明日之声”项目寻找应对重大挑战的解决方案。它侧重于技术、可持续性和医疗保健，展示了年轻人的声音在创造一个更美好、更互联的世界中的重要性。这一倡议证明，青年的想法可以在实现公平和可持续的未来方面发挥真正的作用。
【详解】1.要点摘录 ①The Glbal Yuth Empwerment Fundatin (GYEF) is a leading rganizatin that helps yung peple share their ideas and slutins fr a better wrld. Their main prject, “Vices f Tmrrw,” invites yung peple frm different places t cme up with creative ways t slve big glbal issues.②It has inspired yung peple frm mre than 60 cuntries t prpse ideas fr things like envirnmental technlgy and better healthcare. ③The campaign als fcuses n reducing the digital gap, pushing fr platfrms that allw yung peple t fight fr change and share their stries. Recently, they talked abut creating a clud-based healthcare system t help cuntries share medical resurces, shwing GYEF’s belief in wrking tgether fr better grwth and supprt.④In shrt, GYEF and “Vices f Tmrrw” shw hw yung peple’s enthusiasm and new ideas can lead t a wrld that’s mre fair and sustainable. This initiative keeps inspiring future leaders t imagine a wrld where prgress and equality are real.2．缜密构思 将第1，4两个要点进行精简，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。 3．遣词造句The Glbal Yuth Empwerment Fundatin inspires yung peple wrldwide t find slutins fr big challenges thrugh its “Vices f Tmrrw” prgramme. It cncentrated n technlgy, sustainability, and healthcare, shwing the imprtance f yung vices in creating a better, mre cnnected wrld. This initiative justifies that yuth ideas can make a real difference in achieving a fair and sustainable future.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It fcuses n technlgy, sustainability, and healthcare, shwing the imprtance f yung vices in creating a better, mre cnnected wrld.运用现在分词作状语对原文第二段和第四段进行了概括。[高分句型2] This initiative prves that yuth ideas can make a real difference in achieving a fair and sustainable future.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达高级。
10.（2025届·上海奉贤区·一模）
The Significance f Cattle in Maasai Sciety
Cattle are the traditinal partners f the Maasai peple f East Africa. The traditinal Maasai diet is heavily centered arund cattle prducts. Milk is a fundamental cmpnent f the Maasai diet, cnsumed daily and in varius frms. Fresh milk, knwn as “enkirwua”, is ften drunk straight r mixed with herbs fr added flavr and medicinal benefits. Prcessed milk, r “mkre”, is a ppular variatin, prviding rich surce f nutritin. Cattle’s meat is anther imprtant part f the Maasai diet, cnsumed during special ccasins and ceremnies. Every part f the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resurcefulness and respect fr their livestck. It represents strength and the cmmunity’s cllective wealth.
Cattle hld significant value in Maasai scial life. An individual’s scial status is heavily influenced by cattle wnership. The number f cattle ne pssesses dírectly relates with his standing in the cmmunity. This is particularly evident during traditinal ceremnies, such as weddings, where the exchange f cattle as gifts signifies the strng bnd between families and a shared cmmitment t the future. Families there share respnsibilities in cattle care and their cllective management prmtes unity and teamwrk. Fr example, the prcess f milking is a shared activity, invlving bth men and wmen and strengthening scial bnds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as drughts r ther hardships when the well-being f the cattle is crucial.
Cattle als play a big rle in Maasai rituals and ceremnies, accmpanying individuals frm birth t death. Fr example, the sacrifice f a cw during naming ceremnies r funerals nt nly celebrates the ccasin but als strengthens the cmmunity’s spiritual cnnectin with their livestck. These rituals highlight the spiritual imprtance f cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual wrlds, thus firmly establishing their central rle in Maasai culture.
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【答案】Maasai life revlves arund cattle. Cattle prducts such as milk and meat play a fundamental rle in Massai diet, reflecting cmmunities’ wealth and strength. Cattle als matter in scial life as a sign f scial status and a cntributr t unity and teamwrk. Furthermre, cattle hld value in Massai rituals and ceremnies, bridging spiritual and physical wrlds in Massai culture.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，马赛人的生活以牛为中心。牛奶和肉类等牛产品在马塞人的饮食中发挥着重要作用，反映了社区的财富和力量。牛在社会生活中也很重要，是社会地位的象征，也是团结和团队合作的贡献者。此外，牛在马塞人的仪式和仪式中占有重要地位，在马塞文化中架起了精神世界和物质世界的桥梁。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Cattle are the traditinal partners f the Maasai peple f East Africa. ②The traditinal Maasai diet is heavily centered arund cattle prducts.③Cattle hld significant value in Maasai scial life.④Cattle als play a big rle in Maasai rituals and ceremnies, accmpanying individuals frm birth t death.2．缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行分说。3．遣词造句Maasai life cncentrates n cattle.Cattle prducts such as milk and meat play a fundamental rle in Massai diet, which reflects cmmunities’ wealth and strength.Cattle als play an imprtant rle in scial life as a sign f scial status and a cntributr t unity and teamwrk. Furthermre, cattle hld value in Massai rituals and ceremnies, which bridge spiritual and physical wrlds in Massai culture.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Cattle prducts such as milk and meat play a fundamental rle in Massai diet, reflecting cmmunities’ wealth and strength.(对原文第一段进行了概括。运用现在分词作状语等表达高级。)[高分句型2]：Furthermre, cattle hld value in Massai rituals and ceremnies, bridging spiritual and physical wrlds in Massai culture.(对第三段进行了概括，运用现在分词作状语表达非常高级。)
11．（2025届·上海黄浦区·一模）
Hw t Make a Gd Vide Resumé (简历)?
Vide resumés have been arund fr a lng time. With a well-made vide resumé, yu can present yurself creatively and allw a hiring manager t assess yur persnality, thus giving yu an pprtunity fr interview. But hw t make a gd vide resumé?
First, start by intrducing yurself and addressing the cmpany yu are applying t. Fr example, “Hell InVide, I’m Jhn De”. Nt nly des this get their attentin but it makes them feel priritized. The next thing is t address what prfessin yu’re in r desire t be in. If yu’re a filmmaker, yu can simply state that r be creative with wrds and say yu’re a visual stryteller.
Then, talk abut yur passin fr what yu d and supprt it by referring t yur past experiences and wrk. Fr example, building n the filmmaker’s intrductin, yu culd talk abut hw meeting peple frm arund the wrld and sharing their stries deeply mtivates yu, and then yu can share an experience that supprts it. Yu can als fcus n life experiences that have led yu t cultivate skills-like taking a year ff t travel abrad, vlunteering at a shelter, r a hbby that yu actively pursue. Yu can als speak abut yur special achievements and awards that will add value t yur prfile r yu can get smene t speak n behalf f yu as scial prf.
At the end f the vide, leave the ball in their curt. Hwever, yu als need t give them a reasn t call yu fr an interview. Fr example, yu culd end the vide with this — “I have a lt mre t me than I culd fit in this shrt vide and I hpe yu give me a chance t tell yu abut it ver an interview”.
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【答案】 Vide resumés ffer a creative way t shw persnality and skills. Begin yur vide resumé by intrducing yurself, addressing the cmpany, and stating yur prfessin r desired rle. Then discuss yur passin and back it with past experiences, life skills, achievements r recmmendatins. Cnclude by inviting an interview, emphasizing there’s mre t share.(53 wrds)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，视频简历提供了一种展示个性和技能的创造性方式。视频简历的开头包括自我介绍、公司名称、职业或期望的职位。然后讨论你的激情，用过去的经历、生活技能、成就或推荐来支持它。最后邀请面试，强调有更多的东西可以分享。
【详解】1. 要点摘录①With a well-made vide resumé, yu can present yurself creatively and allw a hiring manager t assess yur persnality, thus giving yu an pprtunity fr interview.②First, start by intrducing yurself and addressing the cmpany yu are applying t.③The next thing is t address what prfessin yu’re in r desire t be in. ④Then, talk abut yur passin fr what yu d and supprt it by referring t yur past experiences and wrk. ⑤Hwever, yu als need t give them a reasn t call yu fr an interview. Fr example, yu culd end the vide with this — “I have a lt mre t me than I culd fit in this shrt vide and I hpe yu give me a chance t tell yu abut it ver an interview”.
缜密构思将第1、4、5几个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3．遣词造句Vide resumes ffer a creative way t shwcase yur persnality and skills. Start yur resume with an intrductin f yurself, the name f yur cmpany, and yur ccupatin r desired psitin. Then discuss yur passin and back it up with past experiences, life skills, accmplishments, r recmmendatins. Finally invite fr an interview, emphasizing that yu have mre t share.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Vide resumés ffer a creative way t shw persnality and skills. (运用了不定式作后置定语对一段内容进行总结)[高分句型2]Cnclude by inviting an interview, emphasizing there’s mre t share. (运用了现在分词作状语和省略连接代词that的宾语从句对最后一段内容进行总结)
12．（2025届·上海嘉定区·一模）
Challenging Unrealistic Beauty Standards
In many cultures, bdy size has ften been linked t success and happiness. Fr example, phrases like “yu’ve fattened up” used t suggest smene was living well. Hwever, mdern times have shifted these ideas, especially with the rise f scial media. Tday, yung peple ften feel pressured t fllw narrw beauty standards, which favr slim figures, pale skin, and specific features. These ideals are everywhere nline, making it hard fr individuals t feel cnfident abut their natural bdies.
One cncerning trend is the rise f “skinny enugh” challenges n scial media. These challenges include activities like wrapping arms arund ne’s waist, fitting knees behind an iPhne, r checking if their waistline is as thin as a piece f paper. Many yung wmen participate in these trends t feel validated, but this ften leads t harmful dieting and pr mental health. Additinally, the influence f pp culture, especially K-pp and Japanese media, adds t the prblem by glrifying ultra-thin bdy types as the ideal.
Frtunately, sme influencers are wrking t challenge these harmful ideals. On a scial media website, bdy-psitive influencer Theresa uses her platfrm t encurage cnfidence and self-acceptance. She penly shares her wn experiences f vercming scietal pressures, helping thers see that beauty isn’t abut meeting impssible standards. Similarly, Scarlett Ha, anther influencer, prmtes bdy diversity and inspires girls t accept their natural shapes. Her jurney shws hw cnfidence and self-lve can break dwn steretypes (刻板印象) abut beauty.
Althugh scial media cntinues t spread unrealistic images, influencers like Theresa and Scarlett are making an impact. They remind thers that beauty cmes in many frms and that self-wrth isn’t defined by size r weight. As mre peple embrace these messages, sciety can shift tward a healthier and mre psitive understanding f bdy image. As the saying ges, “Lve yur bdy — it’s the nly ne yu’ve gt.”
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【答案】Mdem beauty standards exert pressure n yung individuals, leading t mental health and dietary issues. Influencers like Theresa and Scarlett Ha are cmbating this by prmting bdy psitivity and self-acceptance, cntributing t a healthier scietal perspective n beauty and bdy image.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，现代的审美标准给年轻人带来了压力，导致了心理健康和饮食问题。像Theresa和Scarlett Ha这样的有影响力的人正在通过促进身体积极和自我接受来对抗这种情况，为社会对美和身体形象的更健康的看法做出贡献。
【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Tday, yung peple ften feel pressured t fllw narrw beauty standards, which favr slim figures, pale skin, and specific features. These ideals are everywhere nline, making it hard fr individuals t feel cnfident abut their natural bdies.②Many yung wmen participate in these trends t feel validated, but this ften leads t harmful dieting and pr mental health.③Frtunately, sme influencers are wrking t challenge these harmful ideals. ④Althugh scial media cntinues t spread unrealistic images, influencers like Theresa and Scarlett are making an impact.2． 缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行总说，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。 3． 遣词造句Mdem beauty standards exert pressure n yung individuals, leading t mental health and dietary issues. Influencers like Theresa and Scarlett Ha are cmbating this by prmting bdy psitivity and self-acceptance, cntributing t a healthier scietal perspective n beauty and bdy image.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Mdem beauty standards exert pressure n yung individuals, leading t mental health and dietary issues. (运用现在分词作状语对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括)。
【高分句型2】Influencers like Theresa and Scarlett Ha are cmbating this by prmting bdy psitivity and self-acceptance, cntributing t a healthier scietal perspective n beauty and bdy image. (用动名词作宾语对第三段和第四段进行了概括，表达非常高级)
概率预测
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题型预测
以议论文、说明文为主。
考向预测
热点话题趋势
科技伦理：结合AI发展，可能涉及算法偏见、隐私保护等争议性议题。
文化融合：聚焦非遗数字化、跨国文化交流（如“一带一路”中的语言服务需求）。
生态议题：延续“全球合作”主题，或引入碳中和、生物多样性等热点。
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