上海高考英语二轮讲义-六选四句子还原之说明文（上）（教师版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-六选四句子还原之说明文（上）（教师版），共29页。学案主要包含了50题详解，47题详解，48题详解，49题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。

目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 主旨概括句题3
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 过渡衔接句题5
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 细节支撑句题7
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 结论概括句题 PAGEREF _Tc148898656 \h 9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 11
题型简介
上海高考英语阅读句子还原六选四说明文，主要向读者介绍知识、说明事物原理、解释操作流程或阐释社会文化现象等 。文本条理清晰，常运用小标题、逻辑连接词来组织行文，让复杂内容层次分明，方便读者理解。这类题型要求考生从六个备选项中选出四个合适的句子，填补文章空缺处，使文意连贯、逻辑顺畅，综合考查阅读理解、语篇分析及上下文衔接能力。
命题类型
主旨概括句：常位于段落开头，用来点明段落核心主题，起引领全段内容的作用，如选段围绕某种环保新技术展开，此空句子会概括该技术的总体特性。
过渡衔接句：衔接上下文，既总结上文要点，又引出下文话题，让行文过渡自然，毫无突兀感。比如前文讲传统教育模式，后文谈线上教育革新，中间过渡句就需关联二者。
细节支撑句：为前文提出的论点、概念提供具体例子、数据、解释说明，充实文章内容，让抽象观点变得具体可感，像提到健康饮食好处后，紧跟列举具体有益的食材。
结论概括句：考查对文章结论的概括能力，选项需要能够总结文章的主要观点。
解题思路
通读全文，把握大意：快速浏览文章标题、首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主题，明确是介绍科技产品、文化习俗，还是科普自然现象等，构建宏观框架认知。
看设空位置，预判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能总领全段的选项；在段中，多为过渡或细节支撑句，需联系前后文语义关联；处于段尾，可能是总结句，或是引出下段话题的过渡语。
圈画关键词，找呼应：在设空处上下文中圈出名词、动词、形容词等实词，以及逻辑连接词。比对选项，找出含相同、相近关键词，或是存在因果、转折、并列等逻辑呼应的句子。例如，上文有 “but” 表转折，选项也应有转折语义相关内容。
利用逻辑线索：关注文中 “firstly”“secndly”“mrever”“hwever ”“therefre” 这类逻辑词，它们能清晰展示行文顺序、语义递进、转折对比、因果推导关系，顺着逻辑链条筛选适配选项。
代入检查：把选定的选项依次代入原文空缺处，通读全文，核查上下文衔接是否流畅，语义是否连贯，语法有无错误，若读起来拗口、语义断裂，需重新斟酌选项。
题型01 主旨概括句题

关注段首或段尾：主旨概括句通常出现在段首或段尾，段首概括句要根据后文内容推断，查找同义词或相关词；段尾概括句则要总结上文。
利用关键词和重复信息：快速浏览选项和文章，找出关键词和重复信息，这些往往是概括主题的线索。
排除干扰项：干扰项可能过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题，通过对比排除这些选项。
（2025年闵行一模）
Can a Pill Fight Lneliness?
48 That's the fcus f a clinical experiment that Cacipp is verseeing. Fr a year and a half, 96 lnely but healthy subjects have been taking a certain amunt f pregnenlne, a chemical substance assciated with memry enhancement and stress reductin.
The gal f the research is t see hw balancing pregnenlne levels affects the subjects. The pill culd help reduce the fear that makes lnely peple withdraw and act mre calmly in scial situatins. 49 The idea is that a pill culd clear yur view, helping yu see things clearly instead f feeling afraid f everyne. Then yu becme mre willing t listen t thers.
答案解析 49. C
前文说药丸能帮助减轻孤独者的恐惧，使他们在社交场合更冷静，后文说这种想法是药丸能让你看清事物，不那么害怕他人，C 选项 “这就像在冬天开车时看不清东西”，形象地比喻了孤独者在社交中的模糊、恐惧状态，与后文 “药丸能让你看清事物” 相呼应，进一步说明了药丸对改善孤独者社交状态的作用，所以选 C。
（2025年虹口一模）
The Benefits f Talking t Yur Dg
Further supprt fr this phenmenn cmes frm a 2022 study. It was fund that by engaging in micr- breaks t pet their pup, the peple are able t relax and recver— in ways that interacting with unfurry family members desn’t.
____50____ “They can sense when we’re upset— and they are arguably better at reading us than sme peple are,” says Kgan. And “because we knw that ur dgs read us s well, we regulate urselves s as nt t upset ur dgs, which is helpful fr us as well.” It’s a psitive feedback lp(反馈回路).
【答案】 50. C
【50题详解】设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文““They can sense when we’re upset — and they are arguably better at reading us than sme peple are,” says Kgan. And “because we knw that ur dgs read us s well, we regulate urselves s as nt t upset ur dgs, which is helpful fr us as well.” It’s a psitive feedback lp(反馈回路).(科根说：“它们能感觉到我们的不安，而且可以说它们比某些人更能读懂我们。”而且“因为我们知道我们的狗很懂我们，所以我们会控制自己，不让我们的狗感到不安，这对我们也有帮助。”这是一个正反馈循环)”可知，本段讲述狗能感觉到我们的不安，而且可以说它们比某些人更能读懂我们，所以C项“Dgs are fantastic at reading us.(狗很擅长读懂我们)”符合本段主题。故选C项。
题型02 过渡衔接句题

瞻前顾后找启示：阅读设空处前后句，寻找提示词、短语或句子，结合上下文内容，看所选答案是否能将两部分内容衔接起来。
利用过渡衔接词语：注意选项中出现的过渡衔接词语，如表示并列、递进、转折、因果等关系的词语，根据这些词语确定过渡句表示的逻辑关系。
理清逻辑关系：明确选项与上下文之间的逻辑关系，如顺逆关系、因果关系、解释关系、例证关系等，确保过渡自然。
（2025年浦东新区一模）
Orangutan treats his wund with a medicinal plant
Self-medicatin has been dcumented in multiple wild primate(灵长类) species, but nt applying them t recent wunds. There is nly ne ther study f active wund treatment by great apes. Several years ag, researchers reprted ne ppulatin f chimpanzees in Gabn, applied flying insects t their wn wunds. Hwever, the researchers culd nt identify the insects r make any cnclusins abut the effectiveness f the treatment.
(50)________________ Perhaps he accidentally tuched a wund while feeding n a plant and experienced its analgesic(镇痛的) effects, causing him t repeat the behavir. It is als pssible that Rakus previusly learned the behavir frm ther rangutans, since yung rangutans rely n scial learning t acquire the skills necessary fr adult life.
答案解析 50. D：
后文开始猜测红毛猩猩这种行为的起源，如可能是偶然体验到植物的镇痛效果后重复行为，也可能是从其他猩猩那里学来的。D 选项 “劳默和他的同事们不知道这种行为是如何产生的，也不知道它起源于何处”，能够很好地引出后文对行为起源的各种猜测，起到了承上启下的过渡作用，使文章从对行为的描述自然地过渡到对行为起源的探讨。
（2025年普陀区一模）
Little Miss Mzart
An 11-year-ld British cmpser earned cmparisns with Mzart after her pera pened in Vienna t enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, wh lived in Surrey with her parents, was already wrld-famus as a vilinist and pianist befre her first full-length pera made its first perfrmance n the Austrian stage.
______47 ______ Cinderella was a cmpser whm Deutscher described as "a bit like me". Deutscher said much f the musical inspiratin behind Cinderella and ther cmpsitins came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC's Tday shw, she explained that trying t create beautiful meldies n demand ften resulted in a blank mind. ______ 48______
答案解析
47. E：前文提到阿尔玛・多伊彻的歌剧，后文具体描述歌剧中灰姑娘的设定，E 选项 “这部作品将灰姑娘的童话故事重新设定在一个由刻薄继母统治的歌剧院里”，承上启下，引出对歌剧内容的介绍，所以选 E。
题型03 细节支撑句题

分析段落内部逻辑：细节支撑句通常出现在段落内部，要根据段落主题句和前后句的逻辑关系来确定答案。
关注逻辑关系标志词：注意设空处前后句中的逻辑关系标志词，如条件、原因、让步、递进、对比、列举、结果等，根据这些词提示的逻辑关系选择合适的细节支撑句。
寻找相关信息词：在选项中寻找与设空处前后句相关的词汇或信息，确保细节支撑句与上下文内容紧密相连。
（2025年青浦一模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Urban Green Spaces and Their Impact n Children’s Health
Expsure t grassy areas has als been linked t less stress and a lwer bdy mass index (指数）amng adults. And an analysis f 3,000 Tky residents assciated walkable green spaces with greater lngevity amng senir citizens.
Glass cautins that mst studies dn’t necessarily prve a causal link between greenness and health, but they’re nnetheless helping urge actin. ____50____
S, if yu live in a suburb r a city with gd parks, take advantage f what’s there. Yur children in particular
答案： 50. D
解析：前文提到 “格拉斯警告说，大多数研究不一定能证明绿地与健康之间存在因果关系，但它们仍然有助于推动行动”，这里需要一个体现采取行动的选项。D 选项 “In September the U.S. apprved the N Child Left Inside Act t encurage public initiatives aimed at expsing kids t the utdrs.（9 月，美国批准了《不让一个孩子留在室内法案》，以鼓励旨在让孩子们接触户外的公共倡议）”，体现了为推动让孩子接触绿色环境而采取的行动，符合语境，所以选 D。
（2025年长宁一模）
Machine identifies sngs frm peple’s brainwaves
Artificial intelligence has learned t identify the sngs smene is listening t frm their brain readings.
Derek Lmas at Delft University f Technlgy in the Netherlands and his clleagues asked 20 peple t listen t 12 sngs thrugh headphnes. ____47____ Each persn’s brainwaves were recrded using an EEG (脑电图) cap that detects electrical activity.
The EEG readings frm each persn were cut int shrt pieces and used alng with the matching music clip t train an AI t spt patterns between the tw. ____48____ But the sftware struggles if it is trained n EEG data frm ne persn and then attempts t identify a sng when smene else listens t it. Accuracy in such tests fell t less than ne in every ten attempts.
【答案】47. E 48. B
clip t train an AI t spt patterns between the tw.(每个人的脑电图读数被切成一小段，与匹配的音乐片段一起使用，以训练人工智能识别两者之间的模式)”以及后文“But the sftware struggles if it is trained n EEG data frm ne persn and then attempts t identify a sng when smene else listens t it. Accuracy in such tests fell t less than ne in every ten attempts.(但是，如果软件是根据一个人的脑电图数据进行训练，然后试图在其他人听这首歌时识别出这首歌，它就会陷入困境。这种测试的准确率下降到每十次中不到一次)”可知，上文描述使用脑电图数据和音乐片段训练人工智能的过程，后文but表示转折，表示准确率下降，说明前面提到的软件识别歌曲的能力很强，故B选项“然后，人工智能在数据的未可见部分上进行了测试，以85%的精度识别歌曲”符合语境，故选B。
（2025年徐汇一模）
The pwer f placeb (安慰剂)
Have yu ever taken a pill fr a headache and felt instant relief even thugh there’s n way the medicine culd have taken effect s quickly? If s, yu’ve persnally experienced a medical phenmenn knwn as the placeb effect. ____47____ In the abve situatin regarding yur headache, the active ingredient (成分) culdn’t have been respnsible fr yur reduced pain. S why did the symptms imprve?
Scientists dn’t cmpletely understand the mechanisms behind the effect, but they have determined that an individual’s cnditining and expectatins likely play a majr rle. With yur headache, fr example, yu expected the painkiller t wrk because pills have relieved yur headaches in the past. ____48____ In fact, the latter means a placeb can still wrk even when smene knws it’s nt real medicine! Other factrs that can influence hw well a treatment wrks include being tld it’s effective by a dctr, yur dctr’s bdy language r tne f vice, and the knwledge that yu’ re taking actin t slve the prblem.
【答案】47. C 48. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了安慰剂效应及其影响因素，强调积极思考对身体健康的潜在帮助。
【47题详解】
上文“If s, yu’ve persnally experienced a medical phenmenn knwn as the placeb effect.(如果是这样，你就亲自体验了一种被称为安慰剂效应的医疗现象。)”引出了安慰剂效应的概念，空处应承接上文详细解释这种效应。C选项“这种效应指的是，当患者接受一种治疗时，即使这种治疗不含有效成分，也能改善他们的症状。”与上文形成递进关系，符合解释安慰剂效应的定义。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据上文“With yur headache, fr example, yu expected the painkiller t wrk because pills have relieved yur headaches in the past.(以头痛为例，你期望止痛药起效，因为之前药片已经缓解过你的头痛。)”以及下文“In fact, the latter means a placeb can still wrk even when smene knws it’s nt real medicine!(事实上，后者意味着即使某人知道这不是真正的药物，安慰剂仍然可以起作用！)”可知，个体的条件反射与预期可能影响安慰剂效应，空处承上启下，需要补充患者为何相信药片有效。D选项“此外，你可能会将药片与疾病康复联系在一
起。”符合题意。故选D。
题型04 结论概括句

注意总结性信号词：结论概括句常含有总结性的信号词，如therefre, as a result, thus, hence, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd等。
总结上文内容：根据上文的论述内容，选择能够总结或概括上文观点、信息的选项。
与主题句呼应：结论概括句要与文章或段落的主题句相呼应，确保文章结构完整、逻辑清晰。
（2025年松江一模）
Prtecting Wetlands
Wetlands are amng the mst effective ecsystems n Earth, prviding a habitat fr a wide variety f plant and animal species and therefre play a crucial rle in maintaining envirnmental balance and supprting bidiversity. Fr instance, they can act as natural water purifiers and absrbing harmful substances frm runff(地表径流) befre they reach larger bdies f water. ___47___ .
【答案】47. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了保护湿地对环境和生态的重要性。
【47题详解】
前文“Wetlands are amng the mst effective ecsystems n Earth, prviding a habitat fr a wide variety f plant and animal species and therefre play a crucial rle in maintaining envirnmental balance and supprting bidiversity. Fr instance, they can act as natural water purifiers and absrbing harmful substances frm runff(地表径流) befre they reach larger bdies f water.(湿地是地球上最有效的生态系统之一，为各种动植物物种提供了栖息地，因此在维持环境平衡和支持生物多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。例如，它们可以作为天然净水器，在地表径流到达更大的水体之前吸收径流中的有害物质。)”讲述了湿地在维持环境平衡和支持生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用，并举例说明湿地可以充当天然净水器的作用，吸收水中的有害物质，空处应讲述湿地的这种功能对人类和野生生物的好处，B项“这有助于为人类和野生动物保护清洁的水。”符合题意。故选B。
（2025年崇明一模）
Certain Types f Music Culd Help Yu Feel Less Pain, New Study Says
There is n dubt that music can calm the sul fr sme, and it turns ut that it culd als be a temprary reliever fr physical pain.
Listening t favrite sngs culd reduce peple’s perceptin f pain, accrding t a new study.
47
When rating their experiences, peple were mre likely t reprt feeling less pain when listening t their favrite sngs cmpared with hearing the unfamiliar relaxing sng r silence. The scrambled sngs did nt reduce pain either. 49
After interviewing the participants abut the sng they brught and their rating f pain, the researchers fund peple wh listened t bittersweet and mving sngs felt less pain than when they listened t sngs with calming r cheerful themes.
答案 47. D 49. C
47. D：文章开篇指出听喜欢的歌曲能减轻对疼痛的感知，接着应进一步阐述具体情况。D 选项 “最有效的止痛药被发现是那些详细描述苦乐参半和情感体验的悲伤歌曲”，既承接上文提到的音乐与减轻疼痛的关系，又引出下文对实验具体内容的介绍，说明什么样的歌曲对减轻疼痛更有效，故 47 题选 D。
49. C：前文阐述了实验结果，即听喜欢的歌曲比听陌生的放松歌曲或沉默时更能减轻疼痛，杂乱的歌曲则不能减轻疼痛。C 选项 “作者认为这证明了音乐不仅仅是分散对不愉快经历的注意力”，对前文实验结果进行分析总结，说明音乐减轻疼痛并非简单的分散注意力，故 49 题选 C。
（2025年杨浦一模）
Disliking Vegetables Can Rub ff n Others
Scientists have lng been interested in why sme peple like vegetables and why thers dn’t, when eating greens is gd fr yu. ___47___ Apparently, watching smene eating vegetables and visibly disliking them culd put yu ff them a bit t.
A research team set abut investigating hw the facial expressins that peple make as they eat affect a persn watching them. They asked mre than 200 wmen t watch vides f ther adults eating raw brccli. The peple in the vides wuld have different expressins while eating. They wuld smile, lk neutral r lk sickened by what they were tasting. The study fund that watching peple react with strng dislike t the brccli reduced hw much the wmen liked it. ___48___
Humans learn which behaviurs will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactins f thers. ___49___ Scientists think that peple might avid fd that appears sickening because it culd help t prtect them frm eating smething that tastes bad r culd be dangerus.
Althugh the research nly fcused n adults, experts think the results culd als apply t children. This means that if children saw their parents, brthers r sisters nt enjying certain fds, including vegetables, they might nt want t eat them either. ___50___
Understanding mre abut hw adults’ behaviur influences children’s enjyment f fd culd help t find ways t encurage yung peple t eat mre f the fds that are gd fr them.
A. A previus study fund that children between the ages f fur and six years ld were mre likely t eat brccli if they’d seen vide clips f adults enjying it.
B. Hwever, a psitive facial expressin didn’t make them like brccli mre.
C. In fact, the impact f bserving thers eat extends beynd simply dining manners.
D. This is knwn as scial mdelling, and it is a strng influence n peple’s eating habits.
E. A new study has fund that ther peple’s likes and dislikes culd play a part.
F. This phenmenn, ften referred t as scial influence, highlights hw ur eating behavirs are nt shaped by the behavirs f thse we dine with.
【答案】47. E 48. B 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家的一项新发现：他人对蔬菜的喜好与否会影响我们的喜好。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Scientists have lng been interested in why sme peple like vegetables and why thers dn’t, when eating greens is gd fr yu.(长期以来，科学家们一直很感兴趣，为什么有些人喜欢吃蔬菜，而有些人不喜欢，而吃蔬菜对你有好处)”以及后文“Apparently, watching smene eating vegetables and visibly disliking them culd put yu ff them a bit t.(显然，看着别人吃蔬菜，明显不喜欢它们，也会让你对它们有点反感)”可知，前文提到科学家对人们对蔬菜的喜好原因感兴趣，后文说看到别人不喜欢蔬菜自己也可能受影响，故E选项“一项新的研究发现，别人的好恶也有影响”符合语境，故选E。
【48题详解】
根据上文“A research team set abut investigating hw the facial expressins that peple make as they eat affect a persn watching them. They asked mre than 200 wmen t watch vides f ther adults eating raw brccli. The peple in the vides wuld have different expressins while eating. They wuld smile, lk neutral r lk sickened by what they were tasting. The study fund that watching peple react with strng dislike t the brccli reduced hw much the wmen liked it.(一个研究小组着手调查人们吃饭时的面部表情是如何影响观察他们的人的。他们让200多名女性观看其他成年人吃生西兰花的视频。视频中的人在吃饭时会有不同的表情。他们会微笑，看起来很中性，或者对他们品尝的东西感到恶心。研究发现，观察人们对西兰花的强烈厌恶反应会降低女性对西兰花的喜爱程度)”可知，前文说看到别人强烈不喜欢西兰花会降低观看者对西兰花的喜爱，故此处需要承接上文继续说明研究发现的内容。故B选项“然而，积极的面部表情并没有让她们更喜欢西兰花”符合语境，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Humans learn which behaviurs will benefit them, including eating, by watching the reactins f thers.(人类通过观察他人的反应来学习哪些行为对自己有益，包括吃东西)”以及后文“Scientists think that peple might avid fd that appears sickening because it culd help t prtect them frm eating smething that tastes bad r culd be dangerus.(科学家们认为，人们可能会避免吃那些看起来令人恶心的食物，因为这可以帮助他们避免吃那些味道不好或可能危险的东西)”可知，前文提到人类通过观察他人的反应来学习有益的行为，下文则指出人们可能会避免那些看起来令人作呕的食物，这说明人们通过观察他人的反应来学习饮食习惯，这是一种社会模仿行为，故D选项“这被称为社会模式，它对人们的饮食习惯有很大的影响”符合语境，故选D。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Althugh the research nly fcused n adults, experts think the results culd als apply t children. This means that if children saw their parents, brthers r sisters nt enjying certain fds, including vegetables, they might nt want t eat them either.(虽然这项研究只针对成年人，但专家认为研究结果也适用于儿童。这意味着，如果孩子们看到他们的父母、兄弟姐妹不喜欢某些食物，包括蔬菜，他们可能也不想吃这些食物)”可知，上文提到如果孩子们看到他们的父母、兄弟姐妹不喜欢某些食物，他们可能也不想吃这些食物，本句继续说明儿童会受到成年人行为的影响，故A选项“之前的一项研究发现，4到6岁的孩子如果看过成年人吃西兰花的视频片段，就更有可能吃西兰花”符合语境，故选A。
（2025年静安一模）
The cming f a new year marks a fresh start and mtivates many peple t break bad habits. Sme are easier t shake than thers. Hwever, the tendency t prcrastinate is amng the stickiest. Whether it’s finishing a piece f wrk, sending an email r ging fr a run, sme tasks can becme uncnquerable. The easiest way t deal with these tasks is t put them ff until later r never at all. It’s prcrastinatin. It is a specific frm f delay that is bth unnecessary and vluntary. ____47____ At its heart, prcrastinatin is abut avidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s ften the emtins attached t an activity that cause peple t pause. Handling the first lines f a cllege essay may bring up feelings f self-dubt, fr example. When yu’re faced with a brad questin r tpic t write abut, the lack f clear instructins can prduce a fear f nt getting it right r f what might happen if yu get it wrng.
The persn prcrastinating usually des s despite knwing that the task is imprtant r valuable t them r thers and that putting it ff culd be risky t them r thers. Big prjects may bring verpwering feelings which are likely t lead t prcrastinatin. ____48____ Answering an rdinary email frm wrk, fr example, may bring instant discmfrt, s the urge t escape such negative emtin defeats ne’s duty t cmplete the daily task.
Like any persnality character, there are sme bilgical cnnectins. Research suggests that prcrastinatin is linked t impatience n a genetic level. It may be a passed-dwn prperty. ____49____ Envirnmental factrs are just as imprtant in shaping ur respnse t tasks. Smene wh desn’t usually prcrastinate can d s if they find themselves in a situatin that exhausts their respnding abilities, such as the death f a family member. ____50____
Of curse, prcrastinatin can pile n mre pressures by leaving a task hanging ver a persn’s head, thus prducing a negative cycle that can damage mental health, lwer academic perfrmance and lead t financial truble.
A. But that desn’t mean yu’re stuck and that’s wh yu are.
B. Prcrastinatin becmes an easy and ‘dirty’ way f reactin when yur handling resurces are maxed ut.
C. Chances are that yu will find yurself supprted by prcrastinatin all alng.
D. It isn’t caused by the persn’s need t priritize ther tasks r by an unexpected emergency.
E. Yu will becme increasingly frustrated with yurself fr nt getting the task dne.
F. Hwever, the threat can als cme frm smething tiny.
【答案】47. D 48. F 49. A 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了拖延现象的本质及其影响因素，指出拖延是一种不必要的自愿延迟，通常源于对任务的负面情绪反应，而遗传和环境因素也会影响拖延行为，最终可能导致心理压力和不良后果。
【47题详解】
前文“It’s prcrastinatin. It is a specific frm f delay that is bth unnecessary and vluntary. (这是拖延。这是一种既不必要又自愿的特殊延迟形式。)”引入拖延的话题，介绍其性质，后文“At its heart, prcrastinatin is abut avidance. Rather than the task itself, it’s ften the emtins attached t an activity that cause peple t pause. (拖延的核心是逃避。导致人们暂停的往往不是任务本身，而是与活动相关的情绪。)”指出拖延是由逃避与任务相关的情绪导致的，因此D项“It isn’t caused by the persn’s need t priritize ther tasks r by an unexpected emergency. (它不是由人们需要优先处理其他任务或意外的紧急情况引起的。)”符合语境，指出拖延不是由什么原因导致的，承前启后，其中的It指代前文的prcrastinatin。故选D。
【48题详解】
前文“Big prjects may bring verpwering feelings which are likely t lead t prcrastinatin. (大项目可能会带来难以抑制的情绪，这很可能导致拖延。)”提到大项目可能会导致拖延，后文“Answering an rdinary email frm wrk, fr example, may bring instant discmfrt, s the urge t escape such negative emtin defeats ne’s duty t cmplete the daily task. (例如，回复工作中的普通电子邮件可能会立即带来不适，所以逃避这种负面情绪的冲动会使一个人无法完成日常任务。)”举例具体说明一些日常的小事也会导致拖延，因此F项“Hwever, the threat can als cme frm smething tiny. (然而，威胁也可能来自微小的东西。)”符合语境，指出微小的东西也会造成拖延，与前文构成转折，后文是对其例证。故选F。
【49题详解】
前文“Research suggests that prcrastinatin is linked t impatience n a genetic level. It may be a passed-dwn prperty. (研究表明，拖延症在基因层面上与缺乏耐心有关。这可能是一种遗传属性。)”提到拖延可能是一种遗传下来的内在特性，后文“Envirnmental factrs are just as imprtant in shaping ur respnse t tasks. (环境因素在塑造我们对任务的反应方面同样重要。)”指出外界的环境因素也会影响拖延，因此A项“But that desn’t mean yu’re stuck and that’s wh yu are. (但这并不意味着你被困住了，这就是你。)”符合语境，表示虽然有遗传因素，但不代表拖延不能改变，与前文构成转折，引出后文。故选A。
【50题详解】
前文“Envirnmental factrs are just as imprtant in shaping ur respnse t tasks. Smene wh desn’t usually prcrastinate can d s if they find themselves in a situatin that exhausts their respnding abilities, such as the death f a family member. (环境因素在塑造我们对任务的反应方面同样重要。通常不拖延的人在发现自己处于耗尽反应能力的情况下会这样做，比如家庭成员的死亡。)”指出外界的环境因素也会影响拖延，举例说明人的反应能力被耗尽时会拖延，因此B项“Prcrastinatin becmes an easy and ‘dirty’ way f reactin when yur handling resurces are maxed ut. (当你的处理能力达到极限时，拖延就变成了一种简单而“肮脏”的反应方式。)”符合语境，分析了这种情况下拖延出现的原因，承接前文，其中的maxed ut和前文的exhausts呼应。
（2025年黄浦区一模）
Hiking: Hw t Get Started
Hiking, a frm f exercise lder than exercise itself, is s ht right nw. Fr dedicated hikers, hiking ffers freedm and perspective. But fr thse f us wh haven’t spent serius time utdrs since summer camp, a half-day hike can be difficult. Hw can yu avid getting lst r injured? D yu really need special hiking shes? ____47____
If yu’re relatively active, yu’re prbably already training just by ging fr walks. ____48____ T train fr sharper land, walk up hills r take the stairs instead f a lift.
The key t a relaxing hike is being as prepared as pssible fr the unknwn, whether it’s a sudden dwnpur r an injured ankle. Every hiker shuld bring the 10 essentials, which include fd and drink, first aid supplies, a map and cmpass and rainwear. ____49____ Yu dn’t need t invest in special hiking shes. Yu d need t wear shes that ffer firmness and prtectin, especially if the track is rcky, sharp r ptentially muddy.
Finally t avid injury, dn’t push yurself t hard r fast thrugh mre challenging tracks. Remember: ____50____ Slw dwn, take in the scenery, listen t the birds, and just be present in nature.
A. What happens if yu lse cell-phne service?
B. The pint is t be able t see the views and smell the flwers.
C. But the mst essential equipment is ftwear because yur feet are literally yur fundatin.
D. Spending time in nature and having experiences that inspire amazement can lwer stress and anxiety.
E. If the idea f breaking a sweat n the tracks sunds appealing but yu’ re nt sure hw t start, we’ve gt yu cvered.
F. It can be as simple as heading ut the dr and walking fr 40 minutes t an hur t build up strength and endurance.
【答案】47. E 48. F 49. C 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何开始徒步旅行。
【47题详解】
根据上文“Hiking, a frm f exercise lder than exercise itself, is s ht right nw. Fr dedicated hikers, hiking ffers freedm and perspective. But fr thse f us wh haven’t spent serius time utdrs since summer camp, a half-day hike can be difficult. Hw can yu avid getting lst r injured? D yu really need special hiking shes?(徒步旅行，一种比运动本身更古老的运动形式，现在非常热门。对于专门的徒步旅行者来说，徒步旅行提供了自由和视角。但对于我们这些自夏令营以来就没有花时间在户外的人来说，半天的徒步旅行可能很困难。怎样才能避免迷路或受伤？你真的需要特别的登山鞋吗？)”可知，上文提到了一些徒步旅行时遇到的问题，本句应当承接上文继续说明如何解决这些问题，E选项中hw t start与上文的问题相呼应，且we’ve gt yu cvered引出下文对于徒步旅行开始方式的介绍。故E选项“如果在赛道上大汗淋漓的想法听起来很吸引人，但你不知道如何开始，我们已经为你提供了帮助”符合语境，故选E。
【48题详解】
根据上文“If yu’re relatively active, yu’re prbably already training just by ging fr walks.(如果你比较活跃，你可能已经通过散步来训练了)”可知，上文提到散步是一种锻炼方式，本句应当继续说明散步锻炼的方式，F选项中It指代上文提到的散步锻炼。故F选项“它可以很简单，走出家门，走40分钟到一个小时来增强力量和耐力”符合语境，故选F。
【49题详解】
根据后文“Yu dn’t need t invest in special hiking shes.(你不需要花钱买特别的登山鞋)”可知，后文提到不需要花钱买特别的登山鞋，说明本句与购买鞋子有关。故C选项“但最重要的装备是鞋子，因为你的脚实际上是你的基础”符合语境，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Finally, t avid injury, dn’t push yurself t hard r fast thrugh mre challenging tracks. Remember:(最后，为了避免受伤，在更有挑战性的赛道上不要强迫自己太用苛刻或太快。记住……)”可知，上文提到徒步旅行时不要对自己太苛刻或太快，本句应当继续说明徒步旅行时的注意事项，故B选项“重要的是能看到风景，闻到花香”符合语境，且和下文“Slw dwn, take in the scenery, listen t the birds, and just be present in nature.(慢下来，欣赏风景，听听鸟儿的叫声，沉浸在大自然中)”语义一致，故选B。
（2025年闵行一模）
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences given belw. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Can a Pill Fight Lneliness?
“Have yu ever taken a walk in the wds and jumped back because yu saw a stick n the grund and thught it was a snake,” asks researcher Stephanie Cacipp. “The lnely peple see snakes all the time.”
Cacipp is talking abut a lng-term lneliness cntradictin: A persn's brain feels that smething is wrng and that they shuld cnnect with thers. 47 Cnsequently, they fcus n the negative signals they think they're getting, which keeps them frm cnnecting.
48 That's the fcus f a clinical experiment that Cacipp is verseeing. Fr a year and a half, 96 lnely but healthy subjects have been taking a certain amunt f pregnenlne, a chemical substance assciated with memry enhancement and stress reductin.
The gal f the research is t see hw balancing pregnenlne levels affects the subjects. The pill culd help reduce the fear that makes lnely peple withdraw and act mre calmly in scial situatins. 49 The idea is that a pill culd clear yur view, helping yu see things clearly instead f feeling afraid f everyne. Then yu becme mre willing t listen t thers.
While develping a pill t address the brain signals that lead t lneliness hlds prmise, it shuld nt be seen as the nly slutin. 50 Building meaningful relatinships is just as imprtant as eating right and exercising.
答案：47. E 48. A 49. C 50. B
文章大意
文章围绕能否通过药物对抗孤独展开讨论。研究人员斯蒂芬妮・卡乔波指出长期孤独存在矛盾现象，孤独者大脑虽意识到需与人联系，但因恐惧反复出现，导致他们关注负面信号，阻碍了社交。卡乔波负责一项临床实验，让 96 名孤独但健康的受试者服用孕烯醇酮，旨在研究平衡孕烯醇酮水平对受试者的影响，该药物可能减轻孤独者的恐惧，使其在社交中更冷静。不过，文章强调虽然药物有前景，但不能将其视为解决孤独的唯一办法，建立有意义的人际关系与健康饮食、锻炼同样重要。
答案解析
47. E：前文提到孤独者大脑感觉应与人联系，后文说他们关注负面信号并阻碍社交，E 选项 “同时，这也会使他们在评判他人时产生防御心理”，起到了承上启下的作用，进一步解释了孤独者这种矛盾状态下的心理和行为，说明他们因某种心理导致关注负面信号，进而影响社交，所以选 E。
48. A：后文提到卡乔波正在监督一项临床实验，让受试者服用与增强记忆和减轻压力相关的孕烯醇酮，A 选项 “一颗药丸能让社交场合感觉不那么可怕吗？” 与后文实验目的相呼应，引出了对通过药物改善孤独者社交状态这一研究的介绍，所以选 A。
49. C：前文说药丸能帮助减轻孤独者的恐惧，使他们在社交场合更冷静，后文说这种想法是药丸能让你看清事物，不那么害怕他人，C 选项 “这就像在冬天开车时看不清东西”，形象地比喻了孤独者在社交中的模糊、恐惧状态，与后文 “药丸能让你看清事物” 相呼应，进一步说明了药丸对改善孤独者社交状态的作用，所以选 C。
50. B：前文强调虽然开发对抗孤独的药丸有前景，但不应是唯一解决办法，后文指出建立有意义的人际关系与健康生活方式同样重要，B 选项 “社会联系对于健康的生活方式也是必不可少的”，承上启下，说明了除药物外，社会联系在解决孤独问题和维持健康生活方面的重要性，所以选 B。
A
【来源】上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期末英语试卷
Mdern cmputer technlgy has made a new kind f human relatinship pssible: nline friendship. 1 Are nline friendships as beneficial as face-t-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages f having virtual friends? Can peple frm strng bnds nline? Tday these questins are the subject f lively debate.
Sme peple believe that the Internet is the best way t make new friends. It’s cnvenient, it’s fast, and it allws making cntact with different kinds f peple frm all ver the wrld. When yu use scial netwrking, websites and chat rms, yu can easily find peple with interests and hbbies similar t yurs. Infrmatin updates and phts add t the experience. Making friends n the Internet is especially gd fr shy peple wh feel uncmfrtable in scial situatins. It’s ften easier t share thughts and feelings nline. 2 They can make peple feel less lnely and help them slve prblems.
Althugh the Internet can encurage friendship, it has a majr disadvantage. 3 Online friends nly tell yu what they want yu t knw. They smetimes exaggerate their gd qualities and hide the less psitive nes, s yu can’t be sure f what they really like. That is why yu shuld nt give persnal infrmatin t anyne nline unless yu’re ttally sure f wh that persn is.
Can nline friendship be as meaningful as face-t-face nes? There are different pints f view. Researchers at the University f Suthern Califrnia surveyed 2,000 husehlds in the United States. The results shwed that mre than 40 percent f participants feel “as strngly abut their nline buddies” as they d abut their “ffline” friends. 4 In cntrast, there are many peple wh believe that it’s nt pssible t have deep relatinships with nline friends, A yung Indian sftware engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy, says, “it’s gd t feel cnnected with many peple, but all my e-buddies are nt necessarily my clse friends.” They say that it’s hard t develp feelings f trust and cnnectin when yu dn’t share experiences in persn.
Peple cntinue t express different pinins abut nline friendship. Hwever, mst f them wuld agree that virtual friendships must nt replace face-t-face friendships. As ne life cach says, “a scial netwrking site shuld nly be the ‘add n’ in any relatinship.”
A．In additin, virtual friends can ffer emtinal supprt.
B．When yu’re nt face t face, it’s much easier t deceive peple.
C．Many peple wuld agree.
D．Researchers als fund that it’s nt unusual fr nline friends t becme face-t-face friend.
E．Online friends may be f help in many ways.
F．Online friends, r virtual friends, are peple wh have becme acquainted with each ther thrugh the Internet.
【答案】1．F 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了现代计算机技术带来的新型人际关系——在线友谊。
1．根据上文“Mdern cmputer technlgy has made a new kind f human relatinship pssible: nline friendship(现代计算机技术使一种新型的人际关系成为可能：网络友谊)”可知，上文提出了网络友谊这一概念，可推理出下文对这一概念进行解释，与F项“Online friends, r virtual friends, are peple wh have becme acquainted with each ther thrugh the Internet(网络朋友或虚拟朋友是指通过互联网相互认识的人)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。
2．根据下文“They can make peple feel less lnely and help them slve prblems.( 它们可以让人们不那么孤独，并帮助他们解决问题)”可知此处上下文说的是虚拟朋友可以提供情感支持，与A项“In additin, virtual friends can ffer emtinal supprt.(此外，虚拟朋友可以提供情感支持。)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。
3．根据下文“Online friends nly tell yu what they want yu t knw. They smetimes exaggerate their gd qualities and hide the less psitive nes, s yu can’t be sure f what they really like.( 网上朋友只告诉你他们想让你知道的事情。他们有时夸大自己的好品质，而隐藏不那么积极的品质，所以你无法确定他们真正喜欢什么)”可知，此处上下文说的是虚拟朋友由于无法面对面交流，可能会有欺骗人的情况，与B项“When yu’re nt face t face, it’s much easier t deceive peple.( 当你不面对面时，欺骗别人会容易得多。)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。
4．根据上文“The results shwed that mre than 40 percent f participants feel “as strngly abut their nline buddies” as they d abut their “ffline” friends.( 结果显示，超过40%的参与者对“在线好友”的感觉和对“离线”好友的感觉一样强烈。)”可知此处上下文说的是研究人员发现的一项研究结果，即网上的朋友变成面对面的朋友以后，他们的友谊依然感觉强烈，与D项“Researchers als fund that it’s nt unusual fr nline friends t becme face-t-face friend.(研究人员还发现，网上朋友变成面对面的朋友并不罕见)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。
B
【来源】上海市闸北第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷
Sil cnservatin methds help farmers prtect their land frm the damage caused by farming and the frces f nature. One methd f sil cnservatin is the use f windbreaks. Windbreaks are barriers frmed by trees and ther plants. 5
Windbreaks help prevent the lss f sil. They stp the wind frm blwing sil away. They als keep the wind frm damaging r destrying crps. Windbreaks can be highly valuable fr prtecting grain crps. Fr example, studies have been dne n windbreaks in parts f West Africa. These studies fund that grain harvests were as much as twenty percent higher in fields prtected by windbreaks cmpared t fields withut them.
6 They seem t wrk best when they allw sme wind t pass thrugh the barrier f trees r plants arund a field. If nt, then the mvement f air clse t the grund will lift the sil. Then the sil will be blwn away.
Fr this reasn, a windbreak wrks best if it cntains nly sixty t eighty percent f the trees and plants that wuld be needed t make a slid line. An easy rule t remember is that windbreaks can prtect areas up t ten times the height f the tallest trees in the windbreak.
There shuld be at least tw lines in each windbreak. 7 The secnd line, right next t it, can be shrter trees and ther plants with leaves. Lcally grwn trees and plants are cnsidered the best chices fr windbreaks.
Windbreaks nt nly prtect land and crps frm the wind. Surplus trees can be cut dwn and used r sld fr wd.
Trees reduce the damaging effects f wind and rain. Their rts help prtect sil frm being washed away. And trees can prvide anther valuable service fr agriculture. 8
A．Crps in fields can be prtected by windbreaks.
B．Farmers plant these barriers arund their fields.
C．One line shuld be large trees.
D．But here is smething interesting abut windbreaks.
E．Then the sil will be washed away.
F．They can prvide grazing animals with shade frm the sun.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防风林的作用和特点。
5．根据上文“Windbreaks are barriers frmed by trees and ther plants.(防风林是由树木和其他植物形成的屏障)”可知，上文提到了防风林的概念，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文。选项B“农民在田地周围种植这些障碍物”符合语境，介绍了防风林通常出现在哪儿，故选B。
6．根据后文“They seem t wrk best when they allw sme wind t pass thrugh the barrier f trees r plants arund a field. If nt, then the mvement f air clse t the grund will lift the sil. Then the sil will be blwn away.(当它们允许一些风穿过田地周围树木或植物的屏障时，它们似乎效果最好。如果不是，那么靠近地面的空气运动将抬升土壤。然后土壤就会被吹走)”可知，后文提到允许风穿过屏障的效果最好，可知是在介绍防风林原理的一些相关知识。故选项D“但这里有一些关于防风林的有趣之处”可以反映本段的主题，介绍一些关于防风林的有趣之处，故选D。
7．根据上文“There shuld be at least tw lines in each windbreak.(每个防风林至少要有两行)”以及后句后文“The secnd line, right next t it, can be shrter trees and ther plants with leaves.(第二行，就在它旁边，可以是较矮的树和其他有叶子的植物)”可知，上文提到防风林有两行，后文提到了第二行，可知本句是在说明第一行。故选项C“一行应该是大树”符合语境，介绍防风林的构成，故选C。
8．根据上文“Trees reduce the damaging effects f wind and rain. Their rts help prtect sil frm being washed away. And trees can prvide anther valuable service fr agriculture.(树木减少了风和雨的破坏性影响。它们的根有助于保护土壤不被冲走。树木可以为农业提供另一种有价值的服务)”可知，本句承接上文，说明树木提供的另一种有价值的服务具体是什么。故选项F“它们可以为放牧动物提供遮阳处”可以承接上文，介绍树木的另一个作用，故选F。
C
【来源】上海市建平中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试卷
The Dance f Life
Befre children learn t talk, and withut having seen anyne dance, they express happiness thrugh simple rhythmic mvements r what we later recgnize as simple dances. 9 There are birds that actually have grup dances: circling, bwing, advancing, and retreating in unisn.
Nevertheless, it is nly human beings wh have adapted dance t therapeutic purpses. Dance as therapy ges back a lng time. Primitive peple first danced by themselves instinctively and fund, after a while, that repeated rhythmic mvements prduced a gd feeling. 10 This was the birth f dance therapy.
11 It was used fr a wide variety f purpses and n different ccasins: religius ceremnies, war dances, hunting dances, rain dances, planting and harvesting dances, marriage and funeral dances. Sadly, tday, many “advance” industrial scieties, such as the U. S. , have lst many f the functins cnnected t these lder dances. They have been replaced, fr example, with rave dancing which, at its best, invlves shaking yur bdy at a rave r nightclub.
But the “primitive” use f dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival. 12 There are nearly tw millin website fr dance therapy n the Internet, and dance therapy grups arund the wrld cmbine pleasure with health and well-being. Peple wh may be put ff by therapies based n weird philsphies will readily take t dancing every Saturday night. Dance therapy nwadays, in fact, is taken very seriusly by bth alternative and cnventinal medical practitiners. It wuld seem that the “dance f life” cntinues t mve us all.
A．Dance has always seemed t have a magic healing pwer.
B．And it’s nt nly humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well.
C．Never befre has there been such interest in curses ffering dance therapy.
D．Thse with medical prblems can’t tell they are in therapy because they are just having fun.
E．Assciatins were frmed between dance and this psitive effect n the mind and emtins.
F．They dressed up as animals and jumped up and dwn making animal mvements and nises.
【答案】9．B 10．E 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了舞蹈有着神奇的治愈力量，对人的情感和思想有着积极的影响，因此而诞生的舞蹈治疗法也受到越来越多的人的重视和认可。
9．根据上一句“Befre children learn t talk, and withut having seen anyne dance, they express happiness thrugh simple rhythmic mvements r what we later recgnize as simple dances.”（在孩子们学会说话之前，他们没有看过任何人跳舞，他们通过简单的有节奏的动作或我们后来认为的简单的舞蹈来表达开心。）可知，人类天生就会跳舞；结合下一句“There are birds that actually have grup dances: circling, bwing, advancing, and retreating in unisn.”（有些鸟实际上会群舞：一起盘旋、鞠躬、前进和后退。）可知，不仅人类，鸟类也会跳舞；选项B. And it’s nt nly humans that dance-animals and insects dance as well.（不仅人类会跳舞，动物和昆虫也会跳舞。）指出了不仅人类会跳舞，动物也会，承上启下，符合语意。故选B。
10．根据上一句“Primitive peple first danced by themselves instinctively and fund, after a while, that repeated rhythmic mvements prduced a gd feeling.”（原始人最初是凭本能自己跳舞，过了一段时间后，他们发现重复的有节奏的动作能产生一种良好的感觉。）可知，人类慢慢发现舞蹈能够带给人良好的感觉，选项E. Assciatins were frmed between dance and this psitive effect n the mind and emtins.（舞蹈与这种对思想和情感的积极影响之间形成了联系。）中的“this psitive effect”与上一句的“gd feeling”相对应，进一步说明了舞蹈有利于帮助人类建立良好的情绪和感觉，结合下一句“This was the birth f dance therapy.”（这就是舞蹈疗法的诞生。）可知，舞蹈对人类情感的积极影响导致了舞蹈疗法的产生，该句中的“This”指代选项E的内容，语意合理，符合语境。故选E。
11．根据下一句“It was used fr a wide variety f purpses and n different ccasins:”（它用于各种各样的目的和不同的场合：）可知，该句中的“It”指代“舞蹈”，选项A. Dance has always seemed t have a magic healing pwer.（舞蹈似乎一直有一种神奇的治愈力量。）中的主语“Dance”与之相对应，说明了舞蹈被用于各种目的和场合的原因，是因为它有一种神奇的治愈力量，衔接下文，语意合理。故选A。
12．根据上一句“But the “primitive” use f dance as therapy has recently seen a huge revival.”（但是，舞蹈作为治疗的“原始”用途最近出现了巨大的复兴。）可知，舞蹈治疗开始兴起，人们对这种方式产生了极大的兴趣，选项C. Never befre has there been such interest in curses ffering dance therapy.（人们对提供舞蹈治疗的课程从未有过如此浓厚的兴趣。）具体说明了人们产生兴趣的具体表现；结合下一句“There are nearly tw millin website fr dance therapy n the Internet, and dance therapy grups arund the wrld cmbine pleasure with health and well-being.”（互联网上有近200万个舞蹈治疗网站，世界各地的舞蹈治疗团体将快乐与健康和幸福结合在一起。）可知，互联网上有许多提供舞蹈治疗的课程，这应该是人们对此产生极大兴趣所导致的结果，故选项C承上启下，语意衔接合理。故选C。
D
【来源】上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中质量调研英语卷
Human activities are killing wildlife at unprecedented rates, with causes ranging frm envirnmental pllutin t the built envirnment. Fr sme bird species, night-time cllisins (撞击) with pwer lines are driving substantial ppulatin declines. 13 “We need frward-thinking methds t prtect nt nly large birds that are at greater risk frm pwer lines but als millins f smaller migratry birds,” says Anne Lacy f the Internatinal Crane Fundatin.
Half f all avian species can see ultravilet light. S James Dwyer, a wildlife bilgist at utility cnsulting firm EDM Internatinal in Frt Cllins, Cl., had the idea f using near-visible UV light t illuminate pwer lines. EDM’s engineering team and the Dawsn Public Pwer District develped such light systems and installed them n a twer supprting a pwer line at Rwe Sanctuary. 14
Richard Lughery, directr f envirnmental activities at the Edisn Electric Institute, wh was nt invlved in the prject, says the new UV system adds an imprtant tl fr use in htspts where endangered bird species nest and feed.
15 Insects did nt swarm tward the lights, nr did bats r night-hawks d s in pursuit f a meal. And Dwyer says birds are unlikely t cnfuse such near-grund UV illuminatin with natural cues such as starlight.
“I dn’t want utilities t build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tl,” says bilgist Rbert Harms f the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, wh was nt invlved in the wrk. 16
A．Sme recmmend that utility cmpanies mark their pwer lines with plastic attachments t increase visibility.
B．But fr existing lines, he says, the UV system culd be “abslutely amazing”.
C．Over a 38-night perid, crane cllisins decreased by 98 percent when the lights were n.
D．The researchers did nt bserve any negative impacts n ther species.
E．But nw scientists have cme up with a clever way t make the cables easier fr birds t spt, withut causing disturbances t humans.
F．Bilgists reprted that 300 cranes were killed in ne mnth in 2009 frm cllisins with marked lines.
【答案】13．E 14．C 15．D 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了为了解决夜间鸟类撞击电线导致其数量下降的问题，科学家们想出了一个方法——用紫外线照亮电线。
13．前文“Fr sme bird species, night-time cllisins (撞击) with pwer lines are driving substantial ppulatin declines.(对于一些鸟类来说，夜间撞击电线正在导致种群数量大幅下降。)”讲述了人类建造的电线容易被鸟类撞击，鸟类数量大幅下降，后文“‘We need frward-thinking methds t prtect nt nly large birds that are at greater risk frm pwer lines but als millins f smaller migratry birds,’ says Anne Lacy f the Internatinal Crane Fundatin.(国际起鹤类基金会的Anne Lacy说：‘我们需要前瞻性的方法，不仅要保护受电线影响风险更大的大型鸟类，还要保护数百万体型较小的候鸟。’)”通过引用Anne Lacy的话说明需要前瞻性的方法保护鸟类，所以空处应讲述科学家提出了一个保护鸟类的办法，E项“但现在科学家们想出了一个聪明的方法，让鸟类更容易发现电缆，而不会对人类造成干扰。”符合题意。故选E。
14．前文“EDM’s engineering team and the Dawsn Public Pwer District develped such light systems and installed them n a twer supprting a pwer line at Rwe Sanctuary.(EDM的工程团队和道森公共电力区开发了这种照明系统，并将其安装在罗韦保护区的一座支撑电线的塔上。)”讲述了将这种紫外线照明系统安装在罗韦保护区的一座输电塔上，这里应说这么做产生的效果，C项“在38个晚上的时间里，当灯亮起时，鹤碰撞减少了98%。”符合题意。故选C。
15．后文“Insects did nt swarm tward the lights, nr did bats r night-hawks d s in pursuit f a meal.(昆虫不会向灯光聚集，蝙蝠或夜鹰也不会为了觅食而聚集。)”讲述了这种灯光不会让昆虫、蝙蝠、夜鹰靠拢聚集，由此可知，空处衔接下文，应说这种照明系统不会对其他物种造成影响，D项“研究人员没有观察到对其他物种的任何负面影响。”符合题意。故选D。
16．前文“‘I dn’t want utilities t build lines wherever they want because there’s a new tl,’ says bilgist Rbert Harms f the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, wh was nt invlved in the wrk.(美国鱼类及野生动植物管理局的生物学家Rbert Harms没有参与这项工作，他说：‘我不希望公用事业公司想在哪里建电线就在那里建，因为有一种新的工具。’)”讲述了Rbert Harms不希望公共事业公司随意建造电线，再结合上文介绍的紫外线照明系统帮助鸟类避免撞击电线可知，这里应说他对该系统的评价，B项“但他说，对于现有的电线来说，紫外线系统可能是‘绝对令人惊叹’的。”符合题意。故选B。
A. Culd a pill make scial situatins feel less threatening?
B. Scial cnnectins are als essential fr a healthy lifestyle.
C. It's like driving in the winter when yu can't see clearly.
D. Is there a strng cnnectin between memry enhancement and stress reductin?
E. At the same time, it can als make them defensive when judging thers.
F. Unfrtunately, the fear will appear repeatedly and influence yur perceptin f things.
A. A dg wn’t try t fix the prblem the way sme peple d.
B. Dgs are nt just pets but belved members f a family.
C. Dgs are fantastic at reading us.
D. Reading and understanding the needs f pets helps imprve ur verall emtinal well-being.
E. Talking t yur dg abut emtinally frustrating issues can be particularly beneficial.
F. They’re mre likely t distract yu.
A. Three days later, they saw an interesting chain f events.
B. And he selectively treated his wund and nt any ther bdy parts.
C. Rakus may have bserved his mther demnstrating hw t treat wunds.
D. Laumer and clleagues d nt knw hw r where this behavir riginated.
E. The findings may prvide insights int the evlutin f this behavir amng humans.
F. It’s the first reprt f suspected wund treatment by a wild animal using a plant with knwn medicinal prperties.
A. Hwever, it is nt a cmparisn that the 11-year-ld is particularly keen n.
B. Interestingly, it was ften during unexpected mments that a beautiful meldy suddenly came t her.
C. Deutscher's mst ambitius wrk has enabled the audience t see her talent.
D. Instead f the glass slipper f the fairytale, the prince lks fr a lst meldy he cannt quite remember.
E. The wrk reinvented the Cinderella fairytale t be set in an pera huse ruled by a mean stepmther. F. She never gt nervus n stage, as she was just happy that peple wanted t listen t her music.
A. That smething culd be a shrinking f the green.
B. Several envirnmental factrs culd explain the spread f fatness.
C. He emphasizes that further actin is needed t prve the assciatin between green space access and childhd fatness.
D. In September the U.S. apprved the N Child Left Inside Act t encurage public initiatives aimed at expsing kids t the utdrs.
E. Such findings tell a pwerful stry.
F. In its purest sense, a green neighbrhd simply means mre places fr kids t play, which is clsely related t children’s activity levels.
A. Lmas hpes that this will further ur understanding f the brain, as well as bst knwledge f hw and why humans cnsume music.
B. The AI was then tested n unseen prtins f the data, identifying sngs with a precisin f 85 per cent.
C. The experiment was cnducted t determine if AI culd replace human musicians.
D. This suggests that the AI’s ability t identify sngs highly depends n the individual’s brain activity.
E. The vlunteers did this blindflded and in a faintly lit rm t minimise the effect f their ther senses n the results.
F. The researchers believe that this is due t each persn’s preference twards a sng being unique.
A. Unfrtunately, ur expectatins can als wrk against us.
B. Believe it r nt, there are limits t even the strngest placeb effect.
C. This effect ccurs when a patient is given a treatment that is able t imprve their symptms even thugh it lacks an active ingredient.
D. Additinally, yu prbably assciate pills in general with recvering frm illness.
E. If we can learn t make use f the pwer f psitive thinking, perhaps ne day we can even mve beynd using traditinal drugs t treat minr symptms!
F. And in rutine medical practice, placebs are rarely used n purpse.
A. Wetlands are knwn fr their ability t feed part f the wrld.
B. This helps t preserve clean water fr humans and wildlife alike.
C. Withut them, the city cnstructin will slw dwn in sme way.
D. Many wetlands have been filled t make way fr fields and buildings.
E. Besides their eclgical benefits, wetlands ffer ecnmic and recreatinal value.
F. These call fr cperatin between gvernments, rganizatins and cmmunities.
One 7-minute blck had peple sitting in silence.
In this case, the brain might be tuning int the music.
The authrs suggested it was evidence f music being mre than a distractin frm an unpleasant experience.
And the mst effective pain relievers were fund t be sad sngs detailing bittersweet and emtinal experiences.
Nevertheless, while ur bdies still feel the pain, the messages t make ur cnscius mind perceive the pain may nt be relayed.
Peple wh listened t bittersweet sngs als reprted mre thrills (震颤感) and shivers (哆嗦) n the skin frm listening t pleasurable music.
A. Culd a pill make scial situatins feel less threatening?
B. Scial cnnectins are als essential fr a healthy lifestyle.
C. It's like driving in the winter when yu can't see clearly.
D. Is there a strng cnnectin between memry enhancement and stress reductin?
E. At the same time, it can als make them defensive when judging thers.
F. Unfrtunately, the fear will appear repeatedly and influence yur perceptin f things.