上海高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解新闻报道（解析版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解新闻报道（解析版），共28页。学案主要包含了36题详解，37题详解，38题详解，39题详解等内容，欢迎下载使用。
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 细节理解题4
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 推理判断题7
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 词义推断题8
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 主旨大意题9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 10
题型简介
新闻报道是高考英语阅读理解中常见的一种体裁，通常包括消息和通讯两大类。硬新闻指的是具有时效性的客观事实报道，如经济、科研、考古等；软新闻则偏重情感、轻松的社会新闻，不注重时效性。高考英语选用的英语新闻多属于科技及社会新闻。新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句，包含what（事件）、when（时间）、where（地点）和wh（人物），而下文则补充事件的过程和细节，包括why（目的或原因）和hw（具体过程）。新闻报道的时态一般用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实。
命题类型
细节理解题：考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。
观点推断题：考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。
指代推断题：考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容。
主旨归纳题：考查概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。
解题思路
研读首段，确定中心人物或者事件，把握主题：导语部分提供了丰富的解题线索，包括Wh、What、When、Where、Why、Hw六要素的信息点。
直接读题，判断题目类型：在把握文章主题后，直接读题干，了解题目所属类型和所需回答问题的要点和关键词。
根据不同题型，采用不同定位方式查找信息：细节题可以通过中心人物或事件作为标签，到文章查读含有这个信息的句子；观点推断题可能需要跨越几个段落，所以难度较大。
利用新闻的结构特点：新闻报道的结构通常为“标题—导语—正文—结语”，其中导语概括通篇，正文具体描写，结语总结概括。
关注语篇衔接手段：新闻报道中会使用很多的语篇衔接手段，尤其是代词的使用，考生需要正确理解这些代词所指代的内容。
题型01 细节理解题

精准定位：仔细阅读题目，确定关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），然后在新闻报道中快速定位包含这些关键词的句子或段落。
比对信息：将选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。注意选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致，包括数字、范围、程度等。
Recently, an 84-year-ld lady frm Huanggang City, central China’s Hubei Prvince successfully cmpleted a 3,000-meter skydiving challenge at a base in Jingmen City f the prvince.
At her age, Ta Xidi stays in gd health and enjys staying current with new trends. The inspiratin t take n a skydiving challenge came t her after she read abut a 102-year-ld freign wman wh had cmpleted ne. Ta’s 63-year-ld daughter, an utdr sprts enthusiast, had already dne a skydiving challenge befre her mther.
The daughter, a retired nurse surnamed Gu, fully supprted her mther’s idea and registered her at a base in Jingmen. “I have a gd understanding f extreme sprts, and I believe my mther can successfully cmplete the challenge. I want t help her realize her dream,” said Gu.
On the day f the challenge, Gu drve her mther t the base. Ta was very excited during the jurney. Upn reaching the base, Ta signed an agreement and cnfirmed her gd health. Fllwing adequate training and preparatin, Ta barded the airplane with tw ther turists and her cach. As the plane ascended t 3,000 meters, Ta flashed a peace sign in frnt f the camera. Under the guidance f her cach, Ta jumped frm the airplane. At 1,500 meters abve the grund,
the parachute pened. Ta remained calm thrughut the prcess. Seven minutes after the parachute pened, Ta tuched dwn n the grund. “I did it! It was fun! I achieved my dream,” Ta said prudly.
Ta’s cach mentined that Ta, the ldest participant, set a new age recrd at the skydiving base. A staff member said that the skydiving base had received an increasing number f turists ver 60 years ld.
1．What inspired Ta t try skydiving?
A．Her daughter’s experiences.B．Her lve fr extreme sprts.
C．The pursuit f a lng-held dream.D．The stry f a freign elderly lady.
2．What is Gu’s attitude tward Ta’s idea?
A．Supprtive. B．Neutral.C．Dubtful.D．Oppsed.
3．What d we knw frm the last paragraph?
A．Ta set a new wrld recrd fr skydiving.
B．Ta brught huge ppularity t the skydiving base.
C．Mre and mre elderly peple participate in skydiving.
D．Skydiving is the mst appealing extreme sprt fr turists.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了84岁的来自湖北黄冈的陶喜地女士在荆门的一个基地成功完成3，000米高空跳伞挑战的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The inspiratin t take n a skydiving challenge came t her after she read abut a 102-year-ld freign wman wh had cmpleted ne.(在她读到一位102岁的外国妇女完成了跳伞挑战后，她产生了接受这项挑战的灵感。)”可知，在读到一位102岁的外国女士完成了跳伞挑战的故事后，陶女士产生了尝试这项挑战的想法。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The daughter, a retired nurse surnamed Gu, fully supprted her mther’s idea and registered her at a base in Jingmen. “I have a gd understanding f extreme sprts, and I believe my mther can successfully cmplete the challenge. I want t help her realize her dream,” said Gu.(女儿姓郭，是一名退休护士，她完全支持母亲的想法，并在荆门的一个基地注册了她。“我对极限运动有很好的了解，我相信我妈妈能成功完成挑战。我想帮助她实现她的梦想。”)”可知，郭女士十分支持母亲的想法，她相信母亲一定能成功完成挑战。故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A staff member said that the skydiving base had received an increasing number f turists ver 60 years ld. (一名工作人员表示，跳伞基地接待的60岁以上游客越来越多)”可知，参与跳伞运动的老年人增多了。故选C。
题型02 推理判断题

抓住关键信息进行推理：善于捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。
结合语境和常识：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推断人物心理、作者意图等。
区分观点与事实：明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。
Glbal adult diabetes (糖尿病) cases have dubled t mre than 800 millin during the past three decades, far exceeding previus estimates, accrding t new research. A grundbreaking study published in The Lancet this week reveals a healthcare crisis, with mre than half f adults ver the age f 30 wh have diabetes ging untreated. Researchers highlighted the need fr better diabetes screening and treatment in lw-and middle-incme cuntries, which have seen the sharpest rise in cases since 1990.
It nted that fur natins accunted fr mre than half f glbal diabetes cases, India having the mst with 212 millin cases, fllwed by China with 148 millin, the US with 42 millin, and Pakistan with 36 millin. Previus WHO (the Wrld Health Organizatin) estimates had said the ttal number f glbal diabetes cases wuld be 422 millin. Pacific island natins, alng with parts f the Caribbean, Middle East, and Nrth Africa, reprted the highest diabetes rates glbally, exceeding 25 percent f adults. Amng wealthy Western natins, the US leads with 12.5 percent, fllwed by the UK with 8.8 percent.
While the number f diabetes cases has risen sharply, treatment rates in sme regins have remained unsatisfactry, the authrs nted, even as sme higher-incme cuntries have made significant prgress.
Senir authr Majid Ezzati, a prfessr at Imperial Cllege Lndn, said, “This is especially cncerning as peple with diabetes tend t be yunger in lw-incme cuntries and, in the absence f effective treatment, are at the risk f life-lng cmplicatins (并发症).” The study prvides the first wrldwide assessment f diabetes trends, drawing frm data f mre than 1,000 studies invlving mre than 140 millin adults.
4．What is Majid Ezzati’s attitude tward the current treatment f diabetes in the lw-incme cuntries?
A．Wrried.B．Optimistic.C．Dubtful.D．Tlerant.
【答案】 4．A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在过去三十年里，全球成人糖尿病病例翻了一番，远远超过了之前的估计，为了控制全球糖尿病病情，各国必须紧急采取行动。
4．推理判断题。由第四段Majid Ezzati说的话“This is especially cncerning as peple with diabetes tend t be yunger in lw-incme cuntries and, in the absence f effective treatment, are at the risk f life-lng cmplicatins (并发症).(这尤其令人担忧，因为低收入国家的糖尿病患者往往更年轻，在没有有效治疗的情况下，他们有终身并发症的风险)”可知，Majid Ezzati对低收入国家糖尿病治疗现状感到担忧。故选A项。
In rural Suth Africa, 16 teams f wmen, all f us ver 50 years ld, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies Internatinal Ftball Turnament. It was 13 years in the making, built n dreams and a friendship that crsses cntinents.
The rganizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-knwn cmmunity activist and cancer survivr — funded the riginal team f sccer-playing grandmthers aged 40 t 80, sme 15 years ag, t imprve their health. At first the lcals laughed at them and tld them they belnged at hme caring fr their grandchildren. But a team dctr recrded results frm their regular exercise: imprved mbility, lwered bld pressure and better digestin.
In 2010, the internatinal sptlight landed the team an invitatin t travel and play in a turnament in Massachusetts — frm yurs truly. Like the Grannies, I fund sccer later in life and my Lexingtn, Massachusetts teammates are amng my best friends. Beka replied t my invitatin withut hesitatin: “We will cme, my sister.” In July 2010, 15 Grannies streamed thrugh the Bstn airprt. They wwed (博得称赞) us with their dancing n the sidelines f the field and their enthusiasm fr life. And during that visit, Beka annunced, “Befre I die, I want t hst a Grannies Wrld Cup.”
In March, 2023, Beka’s 13-year wish t hst a Grannies internatinal turnament was finally and jyfully met. The turnament, held in the twn f Nkwankwa, was intense as France, Zambia, three Suth African teams, and all three U. S. teams entered the quarterfinals n the furth and final day. My team wuld settle fr secnd place, but the U. S. Breakers, als frm Massachusetts, held the 3-ft-tall trphy (奖杯) in the air. The galie (守门员) presented the trphy t Beka and the hst Grannies team, withut whm this event wuld never have taken place. We knw Beka is the true champin.
Fr me, the Grannies turnament was an extrardinary gift, an experience I will never frget. Fr all f us, we hld n t ur memries f bnding with, ur sccer sisters.
1．What can be implied frm paragraph 1?
A．It tk lng t make the turnament a reality.
B．The turnament aims t help grannies make friends.
C．These wmen’s teams cnsist f prfessinal ftball players.
D．The turnament caused a stir in the internatinal ftball cmmunity.
2．What can we learn abut the riginal team funded by Beka?
A．It was 13 years in the making.B．It received supprt frm the lcals.
C．It prmted the wellbeing f its members.D．It cnsisted f middle aged wmen players.
【答案】1．B 2．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在南非农村，16支由50多岁的女性组成的球队参加了奶奶国际足球锦标赛的首场比赛。
1．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段“In rural Suth Africa, 16 teams f wmen, all f us ver 50 years ld, participated in this inaugural (开幕的) event — the Grannies Internatinal Ftball Turnament. It was 13 years in the making, built n dreams and a friendship that crsses cntinents.(在南非农村，16支由50多岁的女性组成的球队参加了这场首场比赛——奶奶国际足球锦标赛。它经历了13年的发展，建立在跨越大陆的梦想和友谊之上。)”可知，比赛的目的之一是帮助老奶奶们交朋友。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The rganizer, Beka Ntsanwisi — a well-knwn cmmunity activist and cancer survivr — funded the riginal team f sccer-playing grandmthers aged 40 t 80, sme 15 years ag, t imprve their health. (组织者Beka Ntsanwisi是一位著名的社区活动家和癌症幸存者，大约15年前，她成立了一支由40到80岁的老奶奶组成的足球队，以改善她们的健康状况。)”可知，Beka最初创建的团队是为了促进了其成员的福祉。故选C项。
题型03 词义推断题

利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。
借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义，如通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断。
注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义；同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯。
The first and nly fungus (真菌) n a glbal cnservatin grup’s’ “25 Mst Wanted List”, the big puma fungus, which is actually quite small, has been fund in the rainy muntains f Chile, almst 40 years after it was first dcumented.
The mysterius species f fungi that lives undergrund in Chile’s Nahuelbuta Muntains had nly ever been fund in the wild nce. An expeditin team frm the Fungi Fundatin in Chile set ut fr the temperate frests f the Nahuelbutas in May 2023 t retrace the ftsteps f Chilean myclgist (真菌学家) Nrbert Garrid, wh discvered the big puma fungus and described it t Western science in 1988.
They timed the expeditin t cincide with the exact dates in May that Garrid had hiked the muntains mre than 40 years earlier. “It’s pssible that the reprductive parts f the big puma fungus — the mushrm — are nly fadingly visible abve the sil n the same few days each year, which made the timing f the missin a crucial factr,” said Claudia Bustamante, a myclgist and member f the expeditin team.
31．What des the underlined phrase “cincide with” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Put ff.B．Crrespnd t.C．Wrk ut.D．Deal with.
【答案】 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了时隔40多年，真菌基金会的一个探险队在智利山区发现了大型美洲狮真菌，这对保护工作具有深远意义。
31．词句猜测题。根据第三段中画线短语后的“It’s pssible that the reprductive parts f the big puma fungus — the mushrm — are nly fadingly visible abve the sil n the same few days each year, which made the timing f the missin a crucial factr(很有可能，大型美洲狮真菌的繁殖部分——蘑菇——每年只有在相同的几天才会逐渐在土壤上显现出来，这使得任务的时机成为一个关键因素)”可知，这里是说这支队伍探险的时间和Garrid在40多年前进山的日期完全一致。cincide with意为“与……一致”，和crrespnd t意思一致。故选B。
题型04 主旨归纳题

关注文章的结构和导语：新闻报道通常有明确的结构，如标题、导语、正文和结语。导语部分往往概括了文章的中心内容，是归纳主旨的关键。
提炼关键信息：从文章中提取出Wh、What、When、Where、Why、Hw等关键信息，然后对这些信息进行整合，概括出文章的主题。
避免以偏概全：不要只关注文章的某个细节或段落，而要全面理解文章的内容，确保归纳的主旨能够涵盖文章的主要内容。
The sustainable village f the future, if Martina Waldemar and Ja Almeida have any say abut it, will have slar panels, earthen buildings, and a frm f regenerative agriculture that cpies nature t prduce climate-friendly fd. The field hands wh wrk there will earn wages well abve what’s standard fr this rural area f Prtugal. There will be cwrking space with fast internet. “The life can be easy,” Mr. Almeida says f his family’s prject, which they call Gandum Village.
Buying lcal is ne gal f a new prject called Rural Revive, a private cnservatin effrt where turists stay in fashinable, lw-impact rms — and the prject is develping int a service center fr a desert ecnmy. But the purpse f Rural Revive is nt just ecnmic. At the same time, it trains lcals such as Elric Bekeur in hrticulture (园艺) and enterprise.
Reinhld Mangundu began Rural Revive when he remembers sitting by a bnfire, listening t his father tell him abut the frest and birds f his birthplace in his cuntry. Thse village fires lit a desire in him t restre and regenerate the earth and wildlife that he culd nly imagine. “I believe it’s time we start building beautiful stries abut the future and use thse stries f the future t address ur current prblems,” he says.
21．What des Paragraph 1 fcus n?
A．All jbs will be carried ut remtely.B．A sustainable life can be enjyable.
C．Climate is friendly t agriculture.D．Ec-friendly villages need high-paid farmers.
【答案】21．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了两个生态村庄项目——Gandum Village和Rural Revive，它们旨在通过可持续的生活方式、再生农业和生态旅游等方式，促进和自然的和谐共生，并解决当前面临的环境和经济问题。
21．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The sustainable village f the future, if Martina Waldemar and Ja Almeida have any say abut it, will have slar panels, earthen buildings, and a frm f regenerative agriculture that cpies nature t prduce climate-friendly fd. The field hands wh wrk there will earn wages well abve what’s standard fr this rural area f Prtugal. There will be cwrking space with fast internet. ‘The life can be easy,’ Mr. Almeida says f his family’s
prject, which they call Gandum Village.(如果Martina Waldemar和Ja Almeida对此有什么意见的话，未来的可持续村庄将拥有太阳能板、土坯建筑和一种模仿自然生产气候友好型食物的再生农业。在那里工作的田间工人将获得远高于葡萄牙这一农村地区标准的工资。那里还将有带有快速网络的共享工作空间。‘生活可以很轻松，’Almeida先生谈到他家族的项目时说道，他们称之为Gandum Village)”可知，本段主要介绍了Gandum Village这个可持续村庄项目的特点，包括其采用的可持续生活方式和较高的工资待遇，并强调这种生活可以是轻松的。因此，本段主要说明可持续生活可以是令人愉悦的。故选B项。
题型01 细节理解题
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
Alibaba Earnings Fall, Sales Rise
Alibaba Grup’s prfit sank in the latest quarter, even as revenue grwth picked up due t higher sales in its key e-cmmerce, clud and lgistics businesses.
The Chinese cmpany said Tuesday that net incme in its fiscal furth quarter ended March rse 86% frm a year earlier t 3.27 billin yuan, equivalent t $452.1 millin, well shrt f the 15.27 billin yuan expected by analysts in a FactSet pll. Alibaba said the bttm line was hurt by a net lss in investments, during the quarter due t mark-t-market changes (按市值计价变动).
Adjusted net prfit, which excludes items including share-based cmpensatin expenses, investment gains and lsses and sme impairments, fell 11% t 24.42 billin yuan, missing analysts’ expectatins f 25.47 billin yuan.
Quarterly revenue rse 6.6% t 221.87 billin yuan, edging analysts’ estimates f 220.62 billin yuan and utpacing the previus quarter’s 5.1%.
Sales at Alibaba’s cre dmestic e-cmmerce business, Taba and Tmall Grup, rse 3.7% frm a year earlier t 93.22 billin yuan. Its clud-cmputing unit, which has trimmed prices in recent mnths, psted a 3. 4% increase in sales t 25.595 billin yuan, while lgistics sales rse 30% t 24.56 billin yuan. The cmpany’s verseas e-cmmerce unit reprted a 45% rise in revenue — after 44% grwth in the previus quarter — t 27.45 billin yuan.
Chief Executive Eddie Wu said in a cnference call that the grup expects Alibaba Clud’s revenue, excluding internal custmers, t return t duble-digit grwth in its fiscal secnd half, and Taba’s and Tmall’s grss merchandise value t return t healthy grwth in the new fiscal year.
Alibaba said its bard apprved a $4 billin dividend fr the 2024 fiscal year. It expects t finish upgrading its Hng Kng listing t primary frm secndary by the end f August.
Quarterly sales grwth was in line with the 6% psted Tuesday by fellw Chinese tech giant Tencent. The scial-media and gaming cmpany, which said slid ad sales ffset gaming weakness, reprted a 62% rise in prfit, thanks t rapid grwth in its high-margin business.
29．Which f the fllwing statements best reflects the impact f mark-t-market changes n Alibaba?
A．It had a negligible effect n the cmpany’s verall finance.
B．It significantly imprved the cmpany’s net incme.
C．It mainly affected the cmpany’s investment gains and lsses.
D．It had n influence n the adjusted net prfit.
30．Cmpared with Alibaba Grup’s quarterly sales grwth, hw was Tencent’s quarterly sales grwth?
A．Higher.B．Lwer.C．Almst the same.D．Nt mentined.
31．Accrding t the bar chart, what is the largest pssible rati (比率) between the mst prfitable quarter and the least prfitable ne in the net prfit quarters?
A．14:1B．2:1C．3:1D．20:1
【答案】29．C 30．C 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了阿里巴巴集团最近一个季度的财务表现及其业务亮点和展望。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“Alibaba said the bttm line was hurt by a net lss in investments, during the quarter due t mark-t-market changes (按市值计价变动).(阿里巴巴表示，由于按市值计价的变化，本季度投资出现净亏损，影响了利润。)”可知，最能反映按市值计价的变化对阿里巴巴的影响的陈述是主要影响公司的投资损益。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Quarterly sales grwth was in line with the 6% psted Tuesday by fellw Chinese tech giant Tencent.(与中国科技巨头腾讯周二公布的6%的季度销售额增幅一致。)”可知，与阿里巴巴集团的季度销售增长相比，腾讯的季度销售增长几乎一样。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据图表所示，最赚钱的季度是2022年第三季度的大约480亿，赚钱最少的季度是2023年的第四季度的3.27亿，这两个数字的比率是480÷3.27=14.67:1，A选项最接近这个比率，故选A。
题型02 推理判断题
【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
Chinese Teapt Escaping frm British Museum Ges Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral vide series telling the stry f a jade teapt cming t life and fleeing the British Museum t make its way back hme.
The museum scandal made headlines arund the wrld and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media t restre the cuntry’s relics. The new three-part shw has triggered a wave f natinalism amng viewers, with many praising the creative plt that reduced them t tears by shwing hw the teapt experienced the happiness f returning t China t see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremny n Tiananmen Square.
3．Which f the fllwing can we infer frm the passage?
A．China had already demanded the restratin f its cultural relics befre the scandal.
B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are invlved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure t return the cultural relics t China sner r later.
D．A Lndn-based Chinese jurnalist has cntributed a lt t the viral three-part vide series.
4．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T appeal t Britain t return China’s cultural bjects.
B．T intrduce a viral vide series abut a fleeing jade teapt.
C．T aruse readers’ cncern abut Chinese cultural bjects abrad.
D．T praise Chinese yung peple’s passin fr histry and traditin.
【答案】 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The museum scandal made headlines arund the wrld and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media t restre the cuntry’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“Chinese Teapt Escaping frm British Museum Ges Viral (“从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶”在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于‘逃跑的玉壶’的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B。
题型03 词义推断题
【来源】2024市上海市杨浦区高三下学期二模英语试题
A frest in Staffrdshire (in the UK) transfrmed int a hi-tech labratry. Researchers here are investigating hw the trees use carbn, and it’s difficult t find ut. In an unusual experiment, extra carbn dixide is piped t the trees, t create the kind f atmspheric cnditins expected in the middle f the century. And instruments measure hw the frest reacts.
The scientist in charge says there’s still a lt t learn. And he wrries that gvernments and cmpanies are rushing t plant trees as an easy answer t climate change. “If yu try and use trees t tidy up the mess that we’re making thrugh emissins, yu are putting thse trees int a very rapidly changing climate and they will struggle t adapt,” said Prfessr Rb MacKenzie, University f Birmingham.
This device tracks the mvement f carbn dixide. In a healthy frest, the gas is nt nly absrbed by the trees but sme is released as well. What scientists here are finding ut is the way carbn flws int a frest and ut f it is a lt mre cmplicated than yu might think. S, if mass tree planting is meant t be a slutin t tackling climate change, the trees are ging t have t be mnitred and cared fr, ver nt just decades, but may be centuries as well.
………
33．The underlined wrd “sme” in the secnd paragraph refers t __________.
A．xygenB．carbn dixideC．messD．purified gas
【答案】 33．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英国斯塔福郡的森林，研究人员利用高科技手段探究树木如何利用碳，并通过向树木输送额外的二氧化碳模拟未来气候条件。尽管种植树木是简单的，但科学家警告政府和公司不要过度依赖此举应对气候变化，强调需谨慎植树以确保森林的健康并适应未来气候。
33．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“This device tracks the mvement f carbn dixide. In a healthy frest, the gas is nt nly absrbed by the trees but sme is released as well. What scientists here are finding ut is the way carbn flws int a frest and ut f it is a lt mre cmplicated than yu might think.(这个装置追踪二氧化碳的运动。在一个健康的森林里，气体不仅被树木吸收，而且一些也被释放出来。科学家们在这里发现的是碳流入和流出森林的方式比你想象的要复杂得多。) ”可知，二氧化碳既被树木吸入又被排出，则sme一词指代的是二氧化碳。故选B。
【来源】2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Mst teachers assign nvels fr students t read nt write. But many teachers natinwide are nt nly asking students t read nvels but als giving them a mnth t write them. Yes, yu read that right: ne mnth.
Hwever, students participating in Nvember’s Natinal Nvel Writing Mnth (NaNWriM) d nt cmplain abut being verwrked. Instead, they have been knwn t ask, “Can we wrk n ur nvels tday?” That’s because, abve all, NaNWriM is meant t be fun. An exercise in “seat-f-yur-pants” nvel writing, it has almst n rules.
………
6．By “seat-f-yur-pants” in paragraph 2, the authr means ________.
A．the nvel writing activity gives its participants pants as awards
B．the participants have t stick n their seats fr lng writing nvels
C．the participants are free t write whatever nvels they can imagine
D．the nvel writing activity needs new rules fr participants t fllw
【答案】 6．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了全国小说写作月活动的相关情况，该活动鼓励学生尽情发挥想象力，享受写作的乐趣，充分发挥学生的写作自由。
6．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“it has almst n rules (几乎没有任何规则) ”可知，该小说写作练习没有规则限制学生，结合选项可知，则“参与者可以自由地写任何他们能想到的小说”能够解释seat-f-yur-pants。故选C。
题型04 主旨归纳题
【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
Almst half a millin yung ak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.
……….
After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.
“The nursery discunted the price per tree frm 35 — 40 pence t 20 pence and sld nearly all f the 500,000 it had been planning t destry. Thanks largely t the article in The Times nly a small percentage had t be destryed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelr’s managing directr.
“We are delighted that these ak saplings (幼树) have fund gd hmes. We were frustrated at the prspect f having t destry plants which we had spent tw years grwing nly t find they were being left withut a future fr reasns beynd ur cntrl.”
…………
Natasha Smers, a vlunteer fr Save the Oaks, said, “The supprt we’ve seen shws hw a cmmunity can cme tgether in difficult times. It’s clear that peple want t act fr a better future, ne where humanity and nature are cnnected.”
24．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A prspective apprach t planting.
B．A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.
C．A tree nursery devted t preserving endangered trees.
D．A species f trees that are threatened with extinctin.
【答案】 24．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。
24．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almst half a millin yung ak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelr联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。
A
（2025年杨浦一模）
Dave McNee met Claudia Mandekic 14 years ag. When she tld McNee hw hard it culd be t get students excited abut math, her favurite discipline, he made a surprising suggestin: “Why nt thrw in smething they enjy, like sprts?” The idea f mixing basketball and mathematics gt its first sht in 2011, when the nw clleagues — wh had launched a tutring nn-prfit — were invited t run a summer-schl prgram fr kids wh’d failed Grade 9 math at Gerges Secndary Schl.
When the students shwed up fr their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hurs, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques t imprve their shting while als helping them calculate their field-gal percentage — which, in turn, taught them abut fractins and decimal (分数和小数) pints. At the end f the game, the winning team was determined based n which grup had the highest ttal percentage and had dne the mst efficient math. “When the bell rang, they were s fixated n cllecting their data and figuring ut which team wn that they didn’t leave,” says Mandekic. “I realized we might be nt smething.”
The classes, later named BallMatics, sn spread t ther schls. “I was terrible at math,” says Duglas, wh enrlled in a fast-track summer prgram. “But nce I started BallMatics and realized the sprt I lved was directly tied t math, it made me a lt better at it. Every time I played basketball, I was thinking abut math.”
Almst any math prblem, McNee and Mandekic realized, can be taught n the curt. Kids can learn hw t navigate an X-Y grid t find their next shting spt r absrb the basic principles f trignmetry based n the angle at which they release the ball. In 2019, McNec and Mandekic established a private high schl called Uchenna Academy. At the schl, kids with tp basketball skills can study all subjects, train at their sprt and wrk part-time helping ut with the BallMatics afterschl prgrams.
Duglas, nw 20 and earning a degree in educatin believes the schl’s cmmitment t academics is the key reasn it’s been a winner. “If we didn’t d ur wrk, we weren’t playing at the game,” he says, adding that caches wuld bench kids wh didn’t keep up in class. “At Uchenna, we were student athletes, nt athlete students.”
36. The first tw paragraphs are intended t tell the readers ______.
A. the rigin f BallMaticsB. the challenges facing BallMatics
C. the start f a lifelng friendshipD. the dedicatin f the yung teachers
37. What made Mandekic and McNee realize that they “might be nt smething”?
A. The students’ prgress in their mathematic skills.
B. The students’ changed attitude twards math.
C. The data cllected abut the students’ gal percentage.
D. The efficiency in determining the winning team.
38. What will happen t the kids wh dn’t d well in class accrding t Duglas?
A. They will be frbidden t leave any training sessin.
B. They will be bliged t earn a training degree first.
C. They will have t attend classes at a private schl.
D. They will be banned frm playing in the game.
39. The best title fr the article is ______.
A. The Basics f MathB. The Rad t Success
C. A Sprts PrincipleD. A Numbers Game
【答案】36. A 37. B 38. D 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，创立了BallMatics课程，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力，并介绍了该课程的发展历程和影响。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The idea f mixing basketball and mathematics gt its first sht in 2011, when the nw clleagues — wh had launched a tutring nn-prfit — were invited t run a summer-schl prgram fr kids wh’d failed Grade 9 math at Gerges Secndary Schl.(将篮球和数学相结合的想法在 2011 年首次得到尝试，当时这两位如今的同事——他们已经创办了一个非营利性的辅导机构——受邀为在乔治中学九年级数学不及格的孩子们举办一个暑期学校项目)”以及第二段中“When the students shwed up fr their first day, they weren’t exactly excited. Over the next few hurs, Mandekic and McNee gave the kids techniques t imprve their shting while als helping them calculate their field-gal percentage — which, in turn, taught them abut fractins and decimal (分数和小数) pints. At the end f the game, the winning team was determined based n which grup had the highest ttal percentage and had dne the mst efficient math.(当学生们第一天出现时，他们并不兴奋。在接下来的几个小时里，Mandekic和McNee给孩子们传授了提高投篮水平的技巧，同时也帮助他们计算了投篮命中率——这反过来又教会了他们分数和小数。游戏结束时，根据哪一组的总百分比最高并做了最有效的数学计算来决定获胜的队伍)”可知，前两段主要介绍了BallMatics课程的起源，它源于2011 年Mandekic和McNee的一次暑期教学尝试。故选A项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“When the students shwed up fr their first day, they weren’t exactly excited.(当学生们第一天来的时候，他们并不怎么兴奋)”和“‘When the bell rang, they were s fixated n cllecting their data and figuring ut which team wn that they didn’t leave,’ says Mandekic. ‘I realized we might be nt smething.’(‘当铃声响起时，他们全神贯注于收集数据和计算哪支球队获胜，以至于他们都没有离开，’Mandekic说。‘我意识到我们可能找到了某种方法。’)”可知，是学生们对数学态度的改变让Mandekic和McNee意识到他们“可能找到了某种方法(might be nt smething)”。故选B项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘If we didn’t d ur wrk, we weren’t playing at the game,’ he says, adding that caches wuld bench kids wh didn’t keep up in class.(‘如果我们不做作业，我们就不能参加比赛，’他说，并补充说教练会让跟不上课堂的孩子坐冷板凳)”可知，根据Duglas的说法，在课堂上表现不好的孩子将被禁止参加比赛。故选D项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The idea f mixing basketball and mathematics gt its first sht in 2011(将篮球和数学结合起来的想法在2011年首次得到尝试)”以及后文关于BallMatics课程的介绍可知，本文主要讲述了Dave McNee和Claudia Mandekic将篮球和数学结合起来，让学生在享受篮球的同时提高数学能力。D项“A Numbers Game (数字比赛)”既体现了文章中的数学元素，又暗示了篮球比赛中的计分和数据分析，与文章主题紧密相关，是最佳标题。故选D项。
B
（2025年静安一模）
In a twn near the Ptmac River, Gerge and Anne Allen, bth 82, struggle t remain in their belved three-stry huse and neighbrhd. Mr. Allen has had truble walking since he brke his backbne in a fall dwn the stairs, and he expects t lse his driver’s license when it cmes up fr renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently gt her ft hurt getting ut f bed. Neither can climb up t change the light r bend under the sink t fix a leak. Withut utside help, stres and public lcatins mean unimaginable hikes t them.
S the Allens have banded tgether with their neighbrs, wh are equally determined t avid being frced frm their hmes by dependence. Alng with mre than 100 cmmunities natinwide, their grup is part f a mvement t make neighbrhds cmfrtable places t grw ld in.
“We are ttally dependent n urselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want t live in a mixed cmmunity, nt just with the elderly. And as lng as we can d it here, that’s what we want.”
Their grup has been registered as a nnprfit crpratin, is setting membership dues, and is lining up prviders f transprtatin, hme repair, cmpaninship, security and ther services t meet their needs at hme fr as lng as pssible.
Urban planners say this mvement, rganized by residents instead f gvernment agencies, culd make “aging in place” safe and affrdable fr a majrity f elderly peple. Althugh nt the cure- all fr thse with cmplicated medical needs, the apprach addresses what experts say can be a premature decisin by lder peple t give up their hmes in respnse t relatively small prblems. As these small prblems munt, smetimes accmpanied by pressure frm adult children, the elderly hmewner is caught ff guard. Remaining at hme withut sufficient help is frightening. “If peple dn’t feel s verpwered, they dn’t have t jump at precipitus decisins. Actually practices like mving int nursing hmes are hard t be reversed,” said an expert.
Fr inspiratin, “aging in place” grups nw pay yearly dues — $580 fr an individual in exchange fr the security f knwing that carpenters, chefs, cmputer experts r hme health helpers are ne phne call away.
36. What is NOT mentined as a prblem the Allens meet with?
A. Physical weakness due t the brken bne.
B. Pssible lss f driver’s license due t breaking traffic rules.
C. Failure t handle certain fixing tasks due t limited mbility.
D. Difficulty in traveling t public places alne due t physical cnditin.
37. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. Peple like Allens gather t live in a special place fr shared elderly caring.
B. The gvernment arranges necessary services fr peple like Allens.
C. Senir peple give up “aging in place” life mainly ut f pressure frm children.
D. “Aging in place” peple pay t have necessary service staff n call.
38. The underlined wrd precipitus in the passage is clsest in meaning t ________.
A. alternativeB. fakeC. rushedD. jint
39. Which f the fllwing is prbably the title f the passage?
A. US grey band fights t stay at hme
B. Attentin, US senirs are suffering
C. At hme vs Nursing hme-a hard chice fr US senirs
D. US adult children, it’s time t care fr yur parents
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了关于老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活，以及一个由居民自发组织的运动，旨在使社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的现象。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In a twn near the Ptmac River, Gerge and Anne Allen, bth 82, struggle t remain in their belved three-stry huse and neighbrhd. Mr. Allen has had truble walking since he brke his backbne in a fall dwn the stairs, and he expects t lse his driver’s license when it cmes up fr renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently gt her ft hurt getting ut f bed. Neither can climb up t change the light r bend under the sink t fix a leak. Withut utside help, stres and public lcatins mean unimaginable hikes t them.(在波托马克河附近的一个小镇上，82岁的Gerge和Anne Allen夫妇正努力留在他们心爱的三层楼房和社区里。Allen先生自从在楼梯上摔倒摔断了脊椎后，走路就一直很困难，而且考虑到他的身体状况，他在驾照到期续签时可能会失去驾驶资格。Allen太太最近下床时不小心弄伤了脚。他们俩都无法爬上梯子去换灯泡，也无法在洗碗池下弯腰修理漏水。如果没有外界的帮助，对他们来说，去商店和公共场所将意味着难以想象的艰难跋涉)”可知，选项A、C和D都是Allen夫妇所遇到的问题。选项B“Pssible lss f driver’s license due t breaking traffic rules.(因违反交通规则而可能失去驾照)”并未提及。故选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Fr inspiratin, “aging in place” grups nw pay yearly dues — $580 fr an individual in exchange fr the security f knwing that carpenters, chefs, cmputer experts r hme health helpers are ne phne call away.(为了获得启发，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费——个人580美元，以此换取安全保障，知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到)”可知，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费，以确保知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到。故选D。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Althugh nt the cure — all fr thse with cmplicated medical needs, the apprach addresses what experts say can be a premature decisin by lder peple t give up their hmes in respnse t relatively small prblems. As these small prblems munt, smetimes accmpanied by pressure frm adult children, the elderly hmewner is caught ff guard. Remaining at hme withut sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If peple dn’t feel s verpwered, they dn’t have t jump at precipitus decisins. Actually practices like mving int nursing hmes are hard t be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“S the Allens have banded tgether with their neighbrs, wh are equally determined t avid being frced frm their hmes by dependence. Alng with mre than 100 cmmunities natinwide, their grup is part f a mvement t make neighbrhds cmfrtable places t grw ld in.(因此，Allen夫妇与他们的邻居们团结起来，邻居们也同样决心避免因为依赖他人而被迫离开自己的家。与全国100多个社区一样，他们的团体也是致力于让社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的运动的一部分)”以及第四段“Their grup has been registered as a nnprfit crpratin, is setting membership dues, and is lining up prviders f transprtatin, hme repair, cmpaninship, security and ther services t meet their needs at hme fr as lng as pssible. (他们的团体已经注册为非营利性公司，正在设定会员费，并正在组织交通、房屋维修、陪伴、安全和其他服务的提供者，以满足他们在家里尽可能长时间生活的需求。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老，即“就地养老”（aging in place），所做的努力和斗争。他们通过自发组织，确保自己能在熟悉的社区环境中养老，而无需被迫搬离到养老院或其他护理机构。选项A“US grey band fights t stay at hme”直接反映了文章的主旨，即美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老所做的斗争。其中，“grey band”形象地描述了老年人群体，而“fights t stay at hme”则准确地概括了他们的行动和目标，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
C
（2025年崇明一模）
A recent grundbreaking study by the Ptsdam Institute fr Climate Impact Research (PIK) frecasts massive financial damages due t climate change, prjecting annual damages f abut $38 trillin ($38 millin millin) by the year 2050. This figure highlights the severe ecnmic challenges that lie ahead n a glbal scale, with the greatest impacts expected t burden the cuntries least respnsible fr greenhuse emissins (排放).
The ecnmic damage, estimated between $19 trillin t $59 trillin by mid-century, primarily stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure (基础设施). The study als ntes ptential increases in csts due t mre frequent and severe weather events, which are expected t becme mre cmmn as glbal temperatures rise.
The findings reveal a discncerting disparity: natins within the trpical (热带的) regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher-incme, higher-emissin cuntries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-develped natins pssess fewer resurces t adapt t increasing climate impacts.
Anders Levermann, head f cmplexity science at PIK and c-authr f the study, emphasized the inequity and urgency f the situatin. “Cuntries in the trpics will suffer the mst because they are already warmer. Further temperature increases will therefre be mst harmful there,” he explained. Levermann argues fr a rapid structural shift twards renewable energy t ease these impacts and stabilize glbal temperatures.
When placed alngside ther majr climate impact frecasts, the PIK study stands ut fr its cmprehensive data analysis and harsh prjectins. Previus studies have similarly highlighted the ecnmic damages f climate change but lacked the extensive reginal and specific insights this study prvides.
The study strngly advcates fr great and immediate reductins in greenhuse gas emissins t avid the wrst f these ecnmic damages. It suggests that slwing climate change is nt nly a mral and envirnmental must but als ecnmically advantageus, as the cst f inactin is far greater than the expenses assciated with reducing glbal warming t manageable levels.
The sciecnmic cnsequences f such extensive ecnmic lsses culd lead t heightened glbal inequality and ptentially, scial unrest. This prjectin stresses the imprtance f internatinal cperatin in climate actin plans and the develpment f fair plicies that recgnize and make up fr the inequities faced by the less develped natins mst affected by climate change.
1．Climate change will cause massive ecnmic damage wrldwide by 2050 mainly because _____.
A．the average wrld temperature will increase much faster than expected
B．rising temperatures will damage farming, infrastructure and prductivity
C．big cuntries will experience ecnmic crises due t mre severe weather events
D．trpical regins are unprepared t adapt t the damages caused by climate change
2．By “a discncerting disparity” in paragraph 3, the authr means _____.
A．pr cuntries least respnsible fr emissin will suffer mst in ecnmy
B．it is prjected that peple in trpical cuntries will earn 60% less by 2050
C．higher-incme cuntries are reluctant t invest in slwing glbal warming
D．higher-emissin cuntries are trying t justify their rle in climate impacts
3．The PIK study aruses the public attentin due t _____.
A．its rigid climate impact frecasts
B．its verall statistics and the severity f its findings
C．its different apprach t analyzing data
D．its similar reginal insights n ecnmic damages
4．What des the PIK study imply?
A．Fair plicies shuld be established t avid further rising f temperatures.
B．Reducing gas emissins will benefit the envirnment but harm the ecnmy.
C．Inequality shuld be reduced thrugh cperatin in fighting climate change.
D．Wealthy cuntries shuld bear the whle cst f cping with glbal warming.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了波茨坦气候影响研究所（PIK）最近的一项突破性研究预测，气候变化会造成巨大的经济损失，预计到2050年，每年的损失约为38万亿美元。这一数字凸显了全球范围内面临的严峻经济挑战，预计受到最大影响的是对温室气体排放负责最少的国家。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The ecnmic damage, estimated between $19 trillin t $59 trillin by mid-century, primarily stems frm increased temperatures and their subsequent impact n agriculture, labr prductivity, and infrastructure (基础设施).(到本世纪中叶，经济损失估计在19万亿到59万亿美元之间，主要来自气温升高及其对农业、劳动生产率和基础设施的影响)”可知，到2050年，气候变化将在全球范围内造成巨大的经济损失，主要是因为气温上升将破坏农业、基础设施和生产力。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“The findings reveal a discncerting disparity: natins within the trpical (热带的) regins, which have cntributed least t histrical carbn emissins, are predicted t suffer incme lsses 60% greater than thse in higher-incme, higher-emissin cuntries. This highlights a significant climate justice issue, as these least-develped natins pssess fewer resurces t adapt t increasing climate impacts.(研究结果揭示了一个令人不安的差异：历史上碳排放量最少的热带地区国家，预计将比那些高收入、高排放的国家遭受60%的收入损失。这凸显了一个重要的气候正义问题，因为这些最不发达国家拥有的资源更少，无法适应日益严重的气候影响)”可知，作者在第3段中所说的“令人不安的差距”是指对排放负责最少的贫穷国家将在经济上遭受最大的损失。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“When placed alngside ther majr climate impact frecasts, the PIK study stands ut fr its cmprehensive data analysis and harsh prjectins.(与其他主要气候影响预测相比，PIK的研究以其全面的数据分析和严格的预测而脱颖而出)”可知，PIK的研究因其全面的统计数据和研究结果的严重性引起了公众的关注。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This prjectin stresses the imprtance f internatinal cperatin in climate actin plans and the develpment f fair plicies that recgnize and make up fr the inequities faced by the less develped natins mst affected by climate change.(这一预测强调了在气候行动计划和制定公平政策方面开展国际合作的重要性，这些政策承认并弥补受气候变化影响最严重的欠发达国家所面临的不平等)”可知，PIK研究暗示了通过合作应对气候变化减少不平等。故选C。
D
（2024闵行二模）
Hundreds f peple die at sea every year due t ship and airplane accidents. Emergency teams have little time t rescue thse in the water because the prbability f finding a persn alive falls dramatically after six hurs. Beynd tides and challenging weather cnditins, unsteady castal currents ften make search and rescue peratins extremely difficult.
New insight int castal flws gained by an internatinal research team led by Gerge Haller, Prfessr f Nnlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, prmises t enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tls frm dynamical systems thery and cean data, the team has develped an algrithm (算法) t predict where bjects and peple flating in water will g. “Our wrk has a clear ptential t save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first authr f a study recently published in Nature Cmmunicatins.
In tday’s rescue peratins at sea, cmplicated mdels f cean dynamics and weather frecasting are used t predict the path f flating bjects. Fr fast-changing castal waters, hwever, such predictins are ften inaccurate due t uncertain bundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrng lcatin, causing a lss f precius time.
Haller’s research team btained mathematical results predicting that bjects flating n the cean’s surface shuld gather alng a few special curves (曲线) which they call TRansient Attracting Prfiles (TRAPs). These curves can’t be seen with ur eyes but can be tracked frm instant cean surface current data using recent mathematical methds develped by the ETH team. This enables quick and precise planning f search paths that are less sensitive t uncertainties in the time and place f the accident.
In cperatin with a team frm MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algrithm in tw separate cean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is n the nrtheastern cast f the United States. Wrking frm the same real-time data available t the Cast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the regin in real-time. They fund that buys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrwn in the water indeed quickly gathered alng these emerging curves. “Of several cmpeting appraches tested in this prject, this was the nly algrithm that cnsistently fund the right lcatin”, says Haller.
“Our results are rapidly btained, easy t interpret, and cheap t perfrm,” pints ut Serra. Haller stresses: “Our hpe is that this methd will becme a standard part f the tl kit f cast guards everywhere.”
5．In a search and rescue peratin, ________.
A．the survival rate drps t almst zer after six hurs
B．the use f dynamics leads t the wrng lcatin
C．weather cnditins are a determining factr
D．changing currents present a challenge
6．The main significance f the new algrithm is ________.
A．accurately predicting weather cnditins during rescue peratins
B．dependence n satellite technlgy t lcate distressed individuals at sea
C．cst-effective, efficient tracking f bjects and individuals in castal waters
D．predicting the exact time and lcatin f cean accidents
7．Paragraph 5 mainly talks abut ________.
A．the cllectin f data
B．the testing f the algrithm
C．the identificatin f the TRAPs
D．the cperatin f tw research teams
8．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw Mathematics Can Save Lives at Sea
B．Hw Castal Waters Affect Saving Lives
C．Why Algrithms Are Ppular in Rescue Operatins
D．Why Success Rates f Rescue Operatins Have Fallen
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授Gerge Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“In tday’s rescue peratins at sea, cmplicated mdels f cean dynamics and weather frecasting are used t predict the path f flating bjects. Fr fast-changing castal waters, hwever, such predictins are ften inaccurate due t uncertain bundaries and missing data. As a result, a search may be launched in the wrng lcatin, causing a lss f precius time. (在当今的海上救援行动中，复杂的海洋动力学和天气预报模型被用来预测漂浮物体的路径。然而，对于快速变化的沿海水域，由于边界不确定和数据缺失，这种预测往往不准确。因此，搜索可能会在错误的位置启动，从而造成宝贵的时间损失。)”可知，在搜救行动中，不断变化的洋流是一个很大的挑战。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“This enables quick and precise planning f search paths that are less sensitive t uncertainties in the time and place f the accident. (这使得能够快速准确地规划搜索路径，而搜索路径对事故发生时间和地点的不确定性不太敏感。)”和最后一段““Our results are rapidly btained, easy t interpret, and cheap t perfrm,” pints ut Serra. (Serra指出：“我们的结果获得得很快，易于解释，而且执行成本低廉。”)”可知，新算法可以对沿海水域中的物体和个人进行成本低但却高效的跟踪。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据第五段“In cperatin with a team frm MIT, the ETH team tested their new, TRAP-based search algrithm in tw separate cean experiments near Martha’s Vineyard, which is n the nrtheastern cast f the United States. Wrking frm the same real-time data available t the Cast Guard, the team successfully identified TRAPs in the regin in real-time. They fund that buys and manikins (浮标和人体模型) thrwn in the water indeed quickly gathered alng these emerging curves. “Of several cmpeting appraches tested in this prject, this was the nly algrithm that cnsistently fund the right lcatin”, says Haller. (ETH团队与麻省理工学院的一个团队合作，在美国东北海岸玛莎葡萄园附近的两个独立海洋实验中测试了他们新的基于TRAP的搜索算法。该团队利用海岸警卫队可用的相同实时数据，成功地实时识别了该地区的TRAP。他们发现，扔到水中的浮标和人体模型确实很快沿着这些新出现的曲线聚集起来。Haller说：“在这个项目中测试的几种竞争方法中，这是唯一一种始终找到正确位置的算法。”)”可知，这一段主要介绍这项算法的测试。故选B。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“New insight int castal flws gained by an internatinal research team led by Gerge Haller, Prfessr f Nnlinear Dynamics at ETH Zurich, prmises t enhance the search and rescue techniques currently in use. Using tls frm dynamical systems thery and cean data, the team has develped an algrithm (算法) t predict where bjects and peple flating in water will g. “Our wrk has a clear ptential t save lives,” says Mattia Serra, the first authr f a study recently published in Nature Cmmunicatins. (苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授Gerge Haller领导的一个国际研究小组对海岸流的新见解有望增强目前使用的搜救技术。该团队利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法来预测漂浮在水中的物体和人的去向。最近发表在《自然通讯》上的一项研究的第一作者Mattia Serra说：“我们的工作显然有可能挽救生命。”)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍苏黎世联邦理工学院非线性动力学教授Gerge Haller领导的一个国际研究小组利用动力系统理论和海洋数据中的工具，开发了一种算法以预测漂浮在水中的物体和人将去哪里，有望增强目前使用的海上搜救技术。故选A。