上海高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解议论文（原题版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-阅读理解议论文（原题版），共20页。

目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 主旨大意题3
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 细节理解题5
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 推理判断题6
\l "_Tc148898656" 题型04 词义猜测题9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 11
题型简介
高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点、现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实、讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点、论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点、教育理念、科技发展争议、文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解、分析及批判性思维能力。
命题类型
主旨大意题：要求提炼文章核心论点，常以 “What's the main idea f the passage?” 这类问句出现，选项可能是对全文中心思想的精准概括，也可能是过于宽泛、片面的干扰表述。
细节理解题：针对文中论据、支撑性事例或特定关键信息设题，题目会明确指向文章某一处，如 “Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements abut... is true?”，考查学生捕捉精准细节的能力。
推理判断题：需依据文章现有论述、语气倾向推测隐含意义、作者态度，题干表述多为 “What can be inferred frm the passage?”，答案并非原文直白呈现，要经适度推导。
词义猜测题：聚焦文中超纲词、熟词僻义或特定语境下有特殊含义的词汇，例如 “The underlined wrd ‘XXX’ in the paragraph mst prbably means...”，要求结合上下文破解词义谜团。
解题思路
读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息，像主旨题中的 “main idea”、细节题里的专有名词等，预判阅读重点，带着问题意识去读文章。
通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段，多数议论文在此点明主题、抛出论点；同时留意各段首句，它们常起承上启下、引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。
定位找论据：碰上细节、词义类题目，依据题目关键词，精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，借助因果、对比、举例等逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现 “fr example” 后的内容大概率是在解释前面论点，对理解词义、补充细节很关键。
推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点、事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬、论证走向来判断态度倾向；梳理段落、句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导、让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。
核查避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨、对应细节是否无误，警惕偷换概念、无中生有、以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。
题型01 主旨大意题

关注文章的首尾段落：议论文的主旨通常出现在文章的开头或结尾。首段往往提出论点或问题，尾段则总结观点或得出结论。
抓住主题句和关键词：主题句是概括文章主旨的关键。在阅读过程中，要注意段落中的主题句以及文章中反复出现的关键词。
综合各段大意，归纳总结：如果文章没有明确的主题句，可以先概括每一段的大意，然后综合各段内容，归纳出文章的中心思想。
“Wman reading bk, under a night sky, dreamy atmsphere,” I type int Deep Dream Generatr’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned t me shwing what I’ve described.
Welcme t the wrld f AI image generatin, where yu can create what n the surface lks like tp-rank artwrk using just a few text prmpts (提示). But clser examinatin shws ddities. The face f the wman in my image has very dd features, and appears t be hlding multiple bks. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s n creative satisfactin.
AI image generatin culd influence everything frm film t graphic nvels and mre. Children’s illustratrs were quick t raise cncerns abut the technlgy. They say AI-generated art is the exact ppsite f what art is believed t be. Fundamentally, art is all abut translating smething that yu feel internally int smething that exists externally. Whatever frm it takes, true art is abut the creative prcess much mre than it’s abut the final piece. And simply pressing a buttn t generate an image is nt a creative prcess.
Beynd creativity, there are deeper issues. T create images frm prmpts, AI generatrs rely n databases f already existing art and text. This culd lead t the creatin f images that are intentinally meant t imitate the style f ther artists, withut their agreement. There is an argument that AI generatrs wrk n differently t humans when it cmes t being influenced by thers’ wrk. Hwever, a human artist is als adding emtin and nuance (细微差别) int the mix. AI desn’t d the same — it can nly cpy.
The increasing use f AI will als lead t a devaluing (贬低) f the wrk f artists. There’s already a negative prejudice twards the creative industry. Peple will begin t think that their “wrk” is as excellent as that created by smene wh has spent a career making art. It’s nnsense, f curse. Yu can use yur mbile phne t take a nice picture f yur daughter, but yu are n match fr prfessinals.
7．What is Paragraph 4 f the text mainly abut?
A．The styles f human artwrks and AI nes.
B．Human artists’ influence n AI generatrs.
C．Different means used in human and AI art creatin.
D．The drawbacks f drawing frm existing art and text.
8．Which f the fllwing best summarizes the last paragraph?
A．Art is the mirrr f life.B．Rme is nt built in a day.
C．N man can d tw things at nce.D．Dn’t judge a bk by its cver.
题型02 细节理解题

抓论点、寻论据：阅读议论文时，要抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。这些论点和论据是理解文章细节的关键，能够帮助考生快速定位到相关信息。
注重文章结构，理清文章脉络：把握文章的论证结构，如“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”或“论点—论据—结论”，这样可以更好地理解作者的论证过程和细节信息。
利用寻读法：对于直接信息题，可以快速浏览文章，寻找与题目相关的关键词或信息点。对于间接信息题，则需要对原文信息进行同义转换或归纳概括。
Recently, I was walking with sme parents when we came acrss a five-pund nte lying n the grund. We std arund it fr a mment, a bit awkwardly, until smene suggested putting it n a nearby bench. Then ne f the parents remarked that we’d prbably have behaved differently — that is, we wuld have just taken the mney — had we been alne.
This relates t a classic questin in studies f human genersity: d we behave mre selfishly when we aren’t being bserved? The debate ges n acrss the psychlgical and bilgical sciences, as well as in ppular culture, abut whether kindness can exist in a cmpetitive wrld.
Ym Kippur is a Jewish (犹太人的) religius hliday when Jewish peple fast and ask fr frgiveness fr the wrngs they’ve cmmitted. One f the pints f Ym Kippur is t behave better regardless f wh is watching. There’s an evlutinary beauty t the teachings f Ym Kippur, which are the prducts f thusands f years f cultural changes and evlutin.
The Maasai peple f Kenya practice stua: relatinships between peple that perate based n need. When smene frms an stua relatinship with anther, they enter int an unwritten cntract t help their partner in times f need. And hunter-gatherer grups, which can represent the circumstances ur species evlved in, have many similar examples.
Cultural evlutin helps t explain the existence and cmplexity f these systems. Cultural changes are far faster than bilgical evlutin, allwing intelligent species like humans t develp behaviral adaptatins fr managing cmplex scial envirnments. Ostua, r any ther practice that helps t maintain gd treatment f thers in sciety, is the result f tens f thusands f years f cultural trial and errr. The custms passed dwn ver time are thse that help us t develp as cultural grups.
The study f thse changes has helped us t understand hw we successfully spread arund the wrld as cperative grups. Bilgical evlutin has helped humans be mre cperative, but cultural changes have accelerated this prcess.
Cultural evlutin helps us t vercme ur selfish natures. Try t understand rules befre yu ignre them — and next time yu find a fiver n the grund, yu might think abut the awkward situatin yur discvery represents.
13．What made the parents feel a bit awkward?
A．The difficulty sharing the mney.
B．The difficulty finding the wner f the mney.
C．The thught f putting the mney n the bench.
D．The thught f keeping the mney fr themselves.
15．Hw is bilgical evlutin different frm cultural evlutin?
A．It evlves much slwer.B．It takes much less time.
C．It is a mre cmplex prcess.D．It makes humans mre cperative.
题型03 推理判断题

以事实为依据，进行逻辑推理：推理判断题要求考生根据文章中的事实信息，通过逻辑推理得出结论。要注意区分事实与观点，确保推理过程符合文章的逻辑关系。
体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度：理解作者的观点和态度是进行推理判断的基础。有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确表达出来的，需要考生认真体察和分析。
关注文章中的隐含信息：推理判断题往往考查文章中隐含或深层的含义。考生需要关注文章中的修辞、语气、隐含意思等，挖掘出文章的深层含义。
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man? He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining, and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives, he deter-mines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes, and the bk was Dn Quixte (《堂吉诃德》). And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days, while thers g t seed lng befre?
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
Mst f us, in fact, prgressively narrw the variety f ur lives. We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped in it. Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But, if we are willing t learn, the pprtunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills. We learn t bear with the things we can’t change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please, sme peple are never ging t lve us——an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high mtivatin and enthusiasm, we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever, we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs (自我), whether t lved nes, t fellw humans, t wrk, r t sme mral cncept.
Many f us equate (视……等同于) “cmmitment” with such “caring” ccupatins as teaching and nursing. But ding any rdinary jb as well as ne can is in itself an admirable cmmitment. Peple wh wrk tward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, r running a stre———make the wrld better just by being the kind f peple they are. They’ve learned life’s mst valuable lessn.
1．The passage starts with the stry f Cervantes t shw that ________.
A．lss f freedm stimulates ne’s creativity
B．age is nt a barrier t achieving ne’s gal
C．misery inspires a man t fight against his fate
D．disability cannt stp a man´s pursuit f success
2．What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
A．Thse wh dare t try ften get themselves trapped.
B．Thse wh tend t think back can hardly g ahead.
C．Opprtunity favrs thse with a curius mind.
D．Opprtunity awaits thse with a cautius mind.
3．What des the authr intend t tell us in Paragraph 5?
A．A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live withut self-pity.
C．A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D．A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the passage?
A．T prvide guidance n leading a meaningful adult life.
B．T stress the need f shuldering respnsibilities at wrk.
C．T state the imprtance f generating mtivatin fr learning.
D．T suggest a way f pursuing excellence in ur lifelng career.
题型04 词义猜测题

利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。上下文提供的语境线索是推断词义的关键。
注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义。同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯，如固定搭配、习惯用法等。
借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义。例如，通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断词义。
The mushrming vide screens in buses, taxis and apartment halls in cities like Shanghai are taking away ur already rare resurce: a place fr a mment f peace. Taking a nap r reading a bk n buses is less pleasant nw, as the LCD screens bradcast news, entertainment and advertisements at unbearable vlumes.
Yu pay the bus fare simply t get a ride—undisturbed—but nw yu are expsed t this “added value”, whether yu like it r nt. If it’s a crwded bus, the nise is even mre exasperating. Mre and mre Chinese cities have jined Shanghai, regarded as the first t put vide screens n buses, disturbing millins f passengers.

29．What des the underlined wrd “exasperating” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Entertaining. B．Encuraging.
C．Disappinting. D．Annying.
First-year cllege students ften are expected r required t live in drmitries. In the rest years, it’s usually up t thse students t decide whether t live n r ff campus.
At first glance, ff-campus husing can appear less expensive. But the additinal expenses utside f rent — like utilities, grceries, Internet access, cable and furniture — are ften verlked. T reduce ff-campus csts, sme students chse t verpack huses r apartments, smetimes with fur r five peple in a tw-bedrm huse. Unlike ff-campus husing, the ttal cst f living n campus is typically all-inclusive, cveting rent, utilities, furniture, Wi-Fi and a meal plan.
19．What des the underlined wrd “verpack” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Overlk.B．Overcnsume.C．Overestimate.D．Overlad.
题型01 主旨大意题
【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
As cmputers becme mre and mre ppular in China, Chinese peple are increasingly depending n cmputer keybards t input Chinese characters. But if they use the cmputer t much, they may end up frgetting the exact strkes (笔画) f each Chinese character when writing n paper. Experts suggest peple, especially students, write by hand mre.
……..
Many educatrs think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster f a famus primary schl in the capital said, “Chinese characters enjy bth practical value and artistic beauty. But thse characters typed with cmputer keybards nly maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty f the characters is lst. And handwriting cntains the writer’s emtin. Thrugh ne’s handwriting, peple can get t knw ne’s thinking and persnality. Beautiful writing will give peple a better first impressin f them.”
T encurage students t hand-write mre, many primary schls in Beijing have made writing classes cmpulsry (必修的) and in universities, sme prfessrs are asking students t turn in their hmewrk and essays written by hand.
24．Which f the fllwing can best serve as the title f the passage?
A．T Type r t Hand-write.
B．Hw t Imprve Handwriting.
C．Practical Value and Artistic Beauty f Chinese Characters.
D．Writing by Cmputer Will Replace Writing by Hand.
题型02 细节理解题
【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
JULY 19TH was a day fr help- desk heres. A rutine sftware update by CrwdStrike, a cyber-security cmpany, caused cmputer breakdwn in ffices, hspitals and airprts wrldwide. Mst white-cllar wrkers lked miserably at their screens and realised just hw useless they are if they cannt lg in. Peple in IT came t the rescue f helpless clleagues and stranded passengers. Their wrk that day was full f stress — but als full f meaning.
If machines can add purpse t sme jbs when they fail, what abut when they wrk prperly? This is nt a meaningless questin. Technlgies tend t spread in less dramatic ways, task by task rather than rle by rle. Befre machines replace individuals, they change the nature f the wrk they d.
A recent paper, frm Milena Niklva and Femke Cnssen lked at the prevalence f rbts in industrial settings and hw that affected wrkers. Rbts reduced the perceived meaningfulness f jbs acrss the bard, regardless f age, gender, skills and the type f wrk. In thery, machines can free up time fr mre interesting tasks; in practice, they seem t have had the ppsite effect.
……..
13．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the first and secnd paragraphs?
A．Machines can smetimes add mre purpses t jbs when they fail.
B．Technlgies typically spread acrss entire rles, replacing wrkers in ne g.
C．Ptential demerits f intrducing machines in the wrkplace have been recrded.
D．A cyber-security cmpany caused technlgical faults n purpse when testing the sftware.
14．What’s the cnclusin f Ms Niklva’s research in industrial settings?
A．Wrkers feel mre autnmus and in cntrl when wrking with rbts.
B．Machines reduce the sense f purpse in human wrkers’ jbs in reality.
C．Industrial rbts replace human wrkers, eliminating their tasks and rles.
D．Autmatin facilitates manual labr, increasing the variety f tasks.
题型03 推理判断题
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
Being single is a jyful defiance f cnventin
Single peple are ften seen as living half a life. We’re just incmplete puzzles, desperately searching fr the missing piece t make us whle. But what if the risk is nt what we’ll miss ut n if we dn’t centre ur lives arund a rmantic partner, but what we’ll miss ut n if we d?
Fr millins f peple, being single is the key t living their best life. They are what Dr Bella DePaul calls the “single at heart”, and when I first heard that term, I knew she was talking abut me.
After reading survey data frm mre than 20,000 peple acrss 100 cuntries carefully, DePaul fund that — cntrary t cultural assumptins that the unpartnered will die miserable and alne, surrunded by cats - thse wh embrace their single status actually grw happier as they age. The “single at heart” are thriving because f their sl status, nt in spite f it.
17．What can be inferred abut the scietal perceptin f single peple frm the passage?
A．Sciety has a neutral attitude twards and desn’t discriminate against them.
B．Sciety almst fully supprts and understands the chices f single peple.
C．Sciety ften views single peple negatively and assumes they are incmplete.
D．Sciety has n expectatins and impses n restrictins fr single peple.
18．What des the authr imply by saying “Perhaps if single status was nt viewed as smething every unpartnered persn wants t change, we wuld see greater equity fr thse ding life sl”?
A．Current plicies are fair t and have n huge impact n single peple.
B．Changing sciety’s prejudice culd lead t better treatment f single peple.
C．Single peple shuld try t change their status by striving fr equal pprtunities.
D．Scietal status shuld be cnsidered by single peple instead f by everyne.
题型04 词义猜测题
【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷
………
All the students interviewed say they usually use a cmputer.
It’s faster and easier t crrect if using a cmputer. And that’s why cmputers are being used mre and mre ften t mdern educatin. But when peple are taking stck f cmputers increasingly, prblems appear.
………
22．What des the underlined expressin “taking stck f” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Getting bred with.B．Thinking carefully abut.
C．Getting curius abut.D．Becming crazy abut.
A
（2025年宝山一模）
Wrld Hunger Day is abut celebrating slutins that keep peple frm suffering r dying due t lack f fd. Read abut sme causes and als sme f the effrts being made t stp this wrldwide prblem.
Why, in a wrld where we technically prduce enugh fd t feed everyne, d millins f peple g t bed hungry each night? The statistics are tragic, and such a cntradictin shuld have n place in ur mdern wrld.
The UN's secnd sustainability gal, "Zer Hunger," is an ambitius plan t end hunger in the wrld by 2030. Hwever, the glbal scale f the hunger staggers the imaginatin, and it's getting wrse. Accrding t Wrld Visin, as many as 828 millin peple, r 10% f the glbal ppulatin, are suffering frm fd insecurity. What are the driving frces behind this stubbrn blight (疫病) f hunger?
Armed cnflict is ne. It frces peple frm their hmes, ruins ecnmies and turns millins f peple int refugees wh becme reliant n aid, and luck, fr their daily needs.
Extreme weather events - like drughts, flding, hurricanes and cyclnes - als drive wrld hunger by destrying hmes and making farmland unusable.
Finally, arund 30 percent f the wrld's fd is lst r wasted annually. Fd lss ccurs when fd is damaged r spiled while mving thrugh the supply chain. Fd waste happens when individuals, supermarkets r restaurants buy mre fd than they need and thrw away the excess (超过).
Wrld Hunger Day, which is tday, isn't just abut bad news. Funded in 2011 by The Hunger Prject, Wrld Hunger Day is als abut celebrating slutins that will eliminate starvatin.
In Africa, The Hunger Prject has been wrking t encurage mre sustainable and efficient farming methds. Fr example, by diversifying their crps, farmers will have healthier sil. Furthermre, since farmers need access t safe, clean water, The Hunger Prject teaches peple hw t mnitr, maintain and repair water systems such as water pumps. The UN Wrld Fd Prgramme aids farmers by helping them cnnect t lcal ecnmies, imprve prductin methds and reduce crp lsses. And, fr wmen wh are pregnant r nursing and fr children, they prvide special fds like nutrient-rich peanut paste.
S what can yu d t help rt ut wrld hunger? Aside frm striving t reduce yur fd waste, keep educating yurself and thers abut the issue. Lk fr pprtunities t feed the hungry in yur wn cmmunities. There are sme fantastic rganizatins such as SALT Cllectiv, wh regularly rganize and crdinate events t help rphans and feed the hungry. Each step, each chice, each vice can help make hunger a thing f the past.
43. The wrd stagger in the third paragraph mst prbably means ______.
A. shck B. imprve C. restrictD. affect
The purpse f the passage is ______.
t bjectively analyze the reasns f starvatin
t seriusly warn peple f the starvatin
t encurage peple t fight against hunger
t think highly f the effrt t try t get rid f hunger
What can we infer frm the passage?
Hunger will becme a thing f the past.
Starvatin exists mainly in Africa.
Peple wh need fd may get it arund themselves.
It is impssible t get rid f starvatin in the wrld.
Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
The Cause f Starvatin
The March tward Zer Hunger
The Slutin t Starvatin
The Cnsequence f Hunger
B
（2025年普陀区一模）
Art has always ccupied a special place in sciety. Many peple cnsider artists t be the ultimate authrities n the nature and expressin f beauty. Fr much f histry, the practice f art was mysterius, and artists were viewed as being smewhat dd and ften mad. Even the wrd mst cmmnly assciated with artists —inspiratin —has its wn magical qualities. Literally, "inspiratin"is the breathing in f a spirit. Artists were thught f as peple wh were uniquely inspired t create.
Of curse, artists cntributed t this mythlgy(神话). Many artists credited their talents t the presence f sme supernatural pwer. "Whle mvements f art have centered n the suppsedly therwrldly nature f art. Fr example, the Rmantic pets believed that art was a term thatmeant an ultimate expressin f beauty and truth. The search fr this ideal led them t explre bth natural and supernatural themes in their wrks.
Anther persistent view f art regarded its divrce frm lgic. Reasn and lgic were the prvince f scientists and philsphers, whereas creativity and insight were the area f the artists. The tw separate aspects f the mind were suppsed t remain distinct.
But in 1704, a majr breakthrugh ccurred. Sir Isaac Newtn, mathematician and physicist, published his study f light, Opticks. One f Newtn's majr discveries was n the nature f clr. Using a prism(棱镜), Newtn fund that white light is actually cmpsed f all the clrs f the rainbw. He even prvided a scientific explanatin fr the presence f rainbws. The artistic cmmunity was shcked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it t the simple refractin f beams f light thrugh the prism f a raindrp. A scientist had ventured int their sacred territry.
Mre than a hundred years later, Jhn Keats, ne f the mst famus Rmantic pets, accused Newtn f reducing beauty by "unweaving the rainbw. "His clleague, Samuel Taylr Cleridge, famusly remarked that the suls f five hundred Newtns wuld be needed t make ne Shakespeare. And yet, frm anther perspective, Newtn did nt reduce the beauty f the rainbw;he enhanced it. In his search t uncver the secrets f the rainbw, Newtn demnstrated the wnder, creativity, and inspiratin f an artist. He als gave the wrld anther pprtunity t experience the sublime(绝妙). Newtn's discvery paved the way fr the develpment f the science f spectrscpy, a way f analyzing the chemical makeup f light. Nw scientists can lk at the stars and knw their cmpsitin. The sense f wnder this ability creates is nt much different frm the wnder the pet r artist feels when staring at thse same stars.
43. Accrding t the passage, what was the cmmn view f artists in histry?
A. Artists were cnsidered lgical and ratinal.
B. Artists were seen as inspired and smewhat strange.
C. Artists were primarily fcused n scientific discvery.
D. Artists were thught t be withut any supernatural beliefs.
44. Hw did the Rmantic pets react t Newtn's discvery abut light and clr?
A. They believed it added a new dimensin t the appreciatin f beauty.
B. They credited Newtn's insights t mystical influences.
C. They were inspired t integrate mre scientific themes in their petry.
D. They felt it faded the petic beauty f natural phenmena.
45. Why des the authr mentin Jhn Keats'and Samuel Taylr Cleridge's views n Isaac Newtn?
A. T emphasize the superir creativity f pets ver scientists.
B. T highlight the impact f scientific discveries n artistic perceptin.
C. T state that Shakespeare's knwledge f beauty was unmatched.
D. T shw that Rmantic pets bjected t scientific prgress.
46. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A. The Artistic Interpretatin f Science B. The Cntrast between Art and Lgics
C. The Interplay f Art and Science
D. Isaac Newtn's Influence n Arts
C
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
The recent trust crisis has led many scientists t take up arms t defend their enterprise, but in their attempt t fight back against varius frms f science denial, sme scientists say things that just aren’t true - and yu can’t build trust if the things yu are saying are nt trustwrthy.
One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共识), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, n. Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. Even a mdest familiarity with the histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that they needed t be recnsidered.
Anther ppular mve is t say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假设). Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa.
Each f these cmmnly-held views has its merits, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is, well, unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Many scientific practices, particularly statistical tests f significance, have been develped with the idea f aviding wishful thinking and self-deceptin, but that hardly cnstitutes “the scientific methd”. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is t claim that this is all smehw simple and therefre t imply that anyne wh desn’t get it is dumb. Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the beautiful, cmplex wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is bth its wn reward and why taxpayers shuld be happy t fund research.
Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. And experience reminds us that when we ignre reality, it sner r later cmes back t bite us.
1．The qute frm Steven Weinberg is intended t ______.
A．illustrate that scientific theries are free frm cultural influences
B．stress what was believed t be true may turn ut t be false theries
C．shw even great scientists may be unfamiliar with the histry f science
D．serve as an example f the belief that science prduces permanent truths
2．What can be learned frm all the ppular pinins n “the scientific methd” mentined in the passage?
A．One way t make scientific discvery is ding experiments t bserve and describe the wrld.
B．Sme hld the scientific methd fcuses n prving hyptheses crrect thrugh experiments.
C．Sme suggest emplying the scientific methd t avid self-deceptin in scientific inquiry.
D．The scientific methd has evlved ver time and varied acrss scientific disciplines.
3．The underlined phrase “fall flat” in Paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A．fail t achieve a galB．lie n ne’s back
C．fall behind the timesD．rise t challenges
4．Which f the fllwing statements des the authr prbably agree with?
A．It’s pintless t agree n a single scientific methd as science is right in itself.
B．Science can’t supply abslute truths abut the real wrld, but it brings us clser.
C．Reflectin n the histry f science may help scientists restre public trust in science.
D．Making scientific theries easily understandable is the biggest challenge fr scientists.
D
【来源】上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考英语试题
In the cllege-admissins wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing ur kids t get gd grades, take SAT preparatry curses and build resumes t they can get int the cllege f ur first chice. I’ve twice been t the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, smething different is happening. We see ur kids’ cllege backgrund as a prize demnstrating hw well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknwledge that ur bsessin is mre abut us than them. S we’ve cme up with varius justificatins that turn ut t be half-truths, prejudices r myths. It actually desn’t matter much whether Aarn and Nicle g t Stanfrd.
We have a full-blwn prestige panic; we wrry that there wn’t be enugh prizes t g arund. Fearful parents urge their children t apply t mre schls than ever. Underlying the hysteria (歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjy mre success because they get a better educatin and develp better cntacts. All that is plausible-- and mstly wrng. We haven’t fund any cnvincing evidence that selectivity r prestige matters. Selective schls dn’t systematically emply better instructinal appraches than less selective schls, On tw measures- prfessrs’ feedback and the number f essay exams selective schls d slightly wrse.
By sme studies, selective schls d enhance their graduates’ lifetime earnings. The gain is cnsidered at 2-4% fr every 100-pint increase in a schl’s average SAT scres. But even this advantage is prbably a statistical fluke (偶然). A well-knwn study examined students wh gt int highly selective schls and then went elsewhere. They earned just as much as graduates frm higher-status schls.
Kids cunt mre than their clleges. Getting int Yale may signify intelligence, talent and ambitin. But it’s nt the nly indicatr and its significance is declining. The reasn: s many similar peple g elsewhere. Getting int cllege is nt life’s nly cmpetitin. In the next cmpetitin--the jb market and graduate schl-the results may change. Old-by netwrks are breaking dwn. Princetn ecnmist Alan Krueger studied admissins t ne tp Ph.D．prgram. High scres n the GRE helped explain wh gt in; degrees f prestigius universities didn’t.
S, parents, lighten up. The stakes (风险) have been vastly exaggerated. Up t a pint, we can ratinalize (合理化) ur pushiness. America is a cmpetitive sciety; ur kids need t adjust t that. But t much pushiness can be destructive. The very ambitin we impse n ur children may get sme int Harvard but may als set them up fr disappintment. One study fund that, ther things being equal, graduates f highly selective schls experienced mre jb dissatisfactin. They may have been s cnditined t being n tp that anything less disappints.
9．Why des the authr say that parents are the true fighters in the cllege-admissins wars?
A．They have the final say in which university their children are t attend.
B．They knw best which universities are mst suitable fr their children.
C．They care mre abut which cllege their children g t than the children themselves.
D．They have t carry ut intensive surveys f clleges befre children make an applicatin.
10．What des the authr mean by “kids cunt mre than their clleges” Line 1, para.4?
A．Cntinuing educatin is mre imprtant t a persn’s success.
B．Kids’ actual abilities are mre imprtant than their cllege backgrund.
C．A persn’s happiness shuld be valued mre than their educatin.
D．What kids learn at cllege cannt keep up with jb market requirements.
11．What des Krueger’s study tell us?
A．Getting int Ph.D．prgrams may be mre cmpetitive than getting int cllege.
B．Graduates frm prestigius universities d nt care much abut their GRE scres.
C．Cnnectins built in prestigius universities may be sustained lng after graduatin.
D．Degrees f prestigius universities d nt guarantee entry t graduate prgrams.
12．Accrding t the passage, ne pssible result f pushing children int elite universities is that ________.
A．they experience mre jb dissatisfactin after graduatin
B．they earn less than their peers frm ther institutins
C．they turn ut t be less cmpetitive in the jb market
D．they veremphasize their qualificatins in jb applicatin