上海高考英语二轮讲义-概要写作之记叙文（原题版）

这是一份上海高考英语二轮讲义-概要写作之记叙文（原题版），共9页。
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场6
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练11
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
材料类型：通常为一篇完整的记叙文，内容涉及人物、事件、时间、地点和情感等要素。
写作要求：要求考生根据原文内容，用简洁的语言概括文章的主要内容，通常要求在60词左右。
评分标准：主要考察考生对文章内容的理解、信息提取和语言表达能力。要点完整、语言简洁、语法正确是关键。
2. 常见主题
人物故事：描述某个人物的经历、成长或转变。
事件经过：叙述某个事件的发生、发展和结果。
情感体验：展现人物在特定情境下的情感变化。
寓意启示：通过故事传达某种道理或启示。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，把握主旨
快速浏览：先快速浏览文章，了解大致内容和结构。
标记关键信息：在阅读过程中，标记出人物、时间、地点、主要事件和情感变化等关键信息。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键要素：根据文章内容，提炼出人物、事件、情感和结果等核心要点。
忽略细节：避免过多涉及文章中的具体细节，如对话、描述性语言等。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：可以用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
注意连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60词左右。
（三）模板及句型
1.通用模板示例
开头：The stry mainly tells abut...（点明故事主要围绕什么展开，填入主要人物及大致主题）
主体内容：Firstly, （描述故事开头的关键事件及人物行为）. Then, （接着阐述事件的发展情况）. After that, （继续说明后续重要情节，比如遇到的问题或转折等）.
结尾：Finally, （总结故事的结局，如人物最终的情况、问题的解决结果等）.
2.常用句型
描述人物行为：
The main character decided t...（主要人物决定做……）
He/She tried hard t...（他 / 她努力去……）
体现事件发展顺序：
At the beginning f the stry,...（在故事开始时……）
As the stry went n,...（随着故事的发展……）
表达结果或结局：
In the end, he/she managed t...（最后，他 / 她成功地……）
Eventually, the prblem was slved and...（最终，问题被解决了并且……）
转折与对比：
Hwever, things didn't g as expected.（然而，事情并没有如预期那样发展。）
Unlike what he/she thught befre,...（不像他 / 她之前所想的那样……）
总之，上海高考英语记叙文概要写作需要考生仔细分析文本，遵循合理的步骤和运用恰当的技巧、句型，准确概括出文章的核心内容，达到概要写作的要求。

记叙文体的阅读材料，相比其他文体而言，写概要相对容易。在写概要前，除明确文章主题外，还应抓住六个要素：when, where, wh, what, why, hw。在这六个要素中，所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说，记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示：
记叙文：what / wh / when / where / why / hw
Wh did what by…because…
当然，不是说每个故事概要都包含hw或why，有时两者选其一即可。
(2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模考试英语试题)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Price f Winning
Furteen-year-ld Angus sits n the bench, watching his baseball team play. He’s ut f the game because he made a mistake. Fr his cach, that's unacceptable — mistakes dn’t win games. But fr mst teens, the fcus n winning isn’t as imprtant. In a recent study, 90% f teenagers said they wuld rather play and lse than sit n the sidelines and nt play at all. Fr them, sprts are abut fun, learning, and being part f a team. Hwever, fr many caches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfectin frm yung players.
Unfrtunately, this pressure t win drives many kids away frm rganized sprts early n. In cmpetitive events, nearly every actin a player makes is examined. Parents and caches cnstantly shut instructins, smetimes yelling at kids fr errrs r missed shts. This intense envirnment desn’t let kids make their wn chices r learn frm their mistakes. Instead f enjying the game, yung players feel watched and judged every secnd. They lse the freedm t explre their abilities and develp naturally as athletes and individuals.
The emphasis n winning creates deeper issues, t. Many kids feel anxius because they’re nly praised fr scring gals r winning races, nt fr trying hard r imprving. Over time, this fcus n results can harm their self-cnfidence, especially if they’re ften benched. They start t believe they’re nly valuable if they perfrm perfectly, which can make sprts feel like a burden instead f a jy.
Tw mnths later, Angus is back playing baseball — but nt n a team. He’s at the park with friends, playing just fr fun, and he’s much happier. This raises an imprtant questin: Hw many ptential champins will quit sprts unless adults change their attitude? Fr yung athletes t thrive, they need supprt and encuragement, nt the pressure t always win.
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【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述棒球选手安格斯因为被过度要求获胜，而产生巨大的心理压力，因此导致球场失误，被罚下场的故事，讲述了盲目追求获胜的弊端：过早离开有组织的体育运动，引起自身焦虑。强调运动过程中，运动员需要更多的支持和鼓励，才能避免焦虑，提升自信，进而自由地探索自己的能力，更加享受运动带来的乐趣，激发出自己的潜力。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍背景，年轻人对输赢的看法与教练和家长的看法不同。
第2段：分析过度强调胜利对孩子的负面影响。
第3段：指出这种压力对孩子的心理影响。
第4段：总结问题，并提出对孩子真正有益的支持方式。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Angus sits n the bench because he made a mistake. Teens fcus n fun, but caches and parents fcus n winning.
（安格斯因失误被罚坐板凳。青少年注重乐趣，而教练和家长注重胜利。）
第2段：Pressure t win drives kids away. Caches and parents cnstantly shut instructins and criticize errrs.
（对胜利的压力使孩子们远离运动。教练和家长不断喊叫指令并批评错误。）
第3段：Kids feel anxius and lse cnfidence because they’re nly praised fr results. Sprts becme a burden.
（孩子们因只被表扬结果而感到焦虑，失去信心，运动变成负担。）
第4段：Many kids quit sprts. Yung athletes need supprt and encuragement, nt just pressure t win.
（许多孩子放弃运动。年轻运动员需要支持和鼓励，而不仅仅是胜利的压力。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“Hwever”连接青少年和教练/家长的不同观点。
使用“Instead f”和“Rather than”表达对比。
使用“Because”和“s”连接因果关系。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Angus sits n the bench because he made a mistake. Teens fcus n fun, but caches and parents fcus n winning. Pressure t win drives kids away. Caches and parents cnstantly shut instructins and criticize errrs. Kids feel anxius and lse cnfidence because they’re nly praised fr results. Sprts becme a burden. Many kids quit sprts. Yung athletes need supprt and encuragement, nt just pressure t win.
In cmpetitive events, yung players are always expected perfectin by their caches and parents, which has a negative impact n teenagers. Nt nly des it cause that teenagers prefer t sit n the sidelines instead f taking a psitive in the events, but als the fcus n results can als make them feel frustrated. If adults change their attitude, yung athletes will build up cnfidence and inspire ptential.
（一）
【来源】2023年上海交大附中嘉定分校高三英语阶段练习卷
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
After the sudden lss f her five-year-ld daughter, Elizabeth, Natalia Spencer felt she needed t d smething t hnr the little girl. That strng wish inspired Spencer t start what she calls a “Walk f Lve”, a 6,000-mile trek(长途旅行) alng the British castline.
“Elizabeth particularly lved the beach and the sea and we visited the seaside a lt. After she passed away, I went t the seaside and it was the first time that I had felt sme cmfrt,” Spencer said. “I knew this was what I had t d. It was smething I culd d and it wuld make life mre bearable.”
On Valentine’s Day, Spencer began walking Durdle Dr in Drset, England, the last beach she tk Elizabeth t befre she became ill. S far, Spencer has jurneyed abut 1,500 miles, walking thrugh Drset , Crnwall, Devn and the entire cast f Wales. Every day, except Saturday, Spencer walks 20 miles. Often lcals jin her; many times they share stries abut lsing their wn children.
Everything changed fr Spencer n Nv. 22, 2015. Spencer nticed Elizabeth was ill with what she thught was a chest infectin. But the girl’s health wrsened rapidly. Dctrs diagnsed her with a life-threatening immune cnditin where the immune cells damage the tissues and rgans. This caused Elizabeth’s rgans t shut dwn and stpped the bld supply t her arms and legs. She was mved t Bristl Children’s Hspital where she spent 18 days n life supprt befre passing away n Dec. 10.
After Elizabeth died, Spencer struggled. In January, a friend encuraged Spencer t g fr a walk and the tw ended up at the Gwer Peninsula in Wales. While walking prvides Spencer with time t grieve(悲伤), she’s als using the trip t raise ￡100,000 fr the Bristl Children’s Hspital.
Spencer expects t cmplete her walk next spring. She’d lve t finish n Valentine’s Day, but desn’t knw if that is realistic.
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（二）
【2023年上海市青浦区高三上学期期末英语试题】
In 2012, I set myself the challenge f trying t read a bk frm every cuntry f all 195 UN- recgnized states in a year. With n idea hw t find publicatins, I decided t ask the planet’s readers fr help. I created a blg called A Year f Reading the Wrld and put ut an appeal fr suggestins f titles that I culd read in English.
The respnse was amazing. Befre I knew it, peple all ver the planet were getting in tuch with ideas and ffers f help. Sme psted me bks. Others did hurs f research n my behalf. In additin, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Mrgan, sent me unpublished translatins f their nvels. Even with such an extrardinary team behind me, hwever, surcing bks was n easy task.
But the effrt was wrth it. As I made my way thrugh the planet’s literary landscapes, extrardinary things started t happen. Far frm simply armchair travelling, I fund I was inhabiting the mental space f the strytellers. I discvered, bk packing ffered smething that a physical traveller culd hpe t experience nly rarely: it tk me inside the thughts f individuals living far away and shwed me the wrld thrugh their eyes. Mre pwerful than a thusand news reprts, these stries nt nly pened my mind t basic infrmatin f life in ther places, but pened my heart t the way peple there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Thrugh reading the stries shared with me by bkish strangers arund the glbe, I realized I was nt an islated persn, but part f a netwrk that stretched all ver the planet.
One by ne, the cuntry names n the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transfrmed int places filled with laughter, lve, anger, hpe and fear. Lands that had nce seemed freign and remte became clse and familiar t me — places I culd identify with. At its best, I learned, fictin makes the wrld real.
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A
【2023届上海市上海中学下学期高考英语阶段模拟试卷】
The Paper Architect
Fr a lng time, Zaha Hadid was knwn as “the paper architect,” smene whse grand designs never left the page t becme real buildings. But in recent years her buildings have sprung up like mushrms all ver the wrld: the Guangzhu Opera Huse in China, a car factry in Germany, a cntemprary art museum in Rme, a transprtatin museum in Sctland, and the Aquatics Center fr the 2012 Olympics in Lndn.
Pinning dwn her individual style is difficult. Certainly Hadid has been influenced by the mdem trend in architecture that likes t play with the traditinal shape f buildings and fragment (分解) them, creating unpredictable angles and surfaces. Wrking in this way, she and her fellw architects have prduced sme spaceship-like structures that seem t g against the nrmal laws f engineering.
The idea f ffering the viewer multiple perspectives frm within the building is a theme that runs thrugh Hadid’s wrk. Her mst famus building, MAXXI—a museum fr the 21st century— in Rme, is a great example. It is a cmplex and spectacular structure f interlcking cncrete shapes. Inside spaces intercnnect Tike winding streets, s that the visitr is surprised and charmed at each turn. The Rsenthal Center in Cincinnati prduces a similar effect. Like an extensin f the street it sits n, it draws yu in, with walkways directing yu this way and that, and windws inviting yu t sample the view. “It’s abut prmenading” says Hadid, “being able t pause, t lk ut, lk abve, lk sideways.”
S what inspires smene like Hadid t prduce such different buildings? She speaks in cmplimentary terms abut the wrk f her cntempraries. She als cites the natural landscape and rganic gelgical patterns as an influence. But it is nt a questin that she seems t cncerned with and nr perhaps shuld we be. Hadid is an artist, sharing with us her visin f what buildings shuld be like and always, as she des s, trying t keep human interests—ur interests as users and viewers—at heart.
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B
【2024届上海市奉贤区格致中学高考英语阶段模拟试卷】
On Sunday, the secnd day f Spring Festival, a man was killed after he fell int the tiger enclsure while trying t get int the z in Ningb, East China’s Zhejiang Prvince, withut paying fr a ticket.
The tragedy cst tw lives, as the tiger was sht dead when z emplyees tried t rescue the man.
As news f the incident spread, the majrity f vices nline blamed the dead man fr the animal’s death. Sme said this was a sign that peple are becming mre cld hearted. But they are wrng. Peple have been displaying increasingly mre enthusiasm fr helping thse in need and participating in charity wrk. In 2016, the China Charity Federatin received dnatins f 18.8 billin yuan ($2.7 billin) in ttal, 46 percent mre than the dnatins received in 2015, and they sent helping hands t ne tragedy after anther.
Peple are just tired f frgiving thse in the wrng. While sympathy is right, it has been abused t much. When smebdy cmmits a crime, n matter hw cruel the crime is, media utlets explain the criminal’s miserable childhd and there are calls fr frgiveness. When smene smkes in public, there are always peple calling fr tlerance.
Peple are fed up and angry with lawbreakers escaping their due punishments in the name f frgiveness and tlerance.
But ging back t the tragedy at the wildlife park in Ningb, the tiger’s death shws the park was nt well prepared fr such emergencies. They did nt have any tranquilizer guns that culd sedate the tiger immediately and save the lives f bth the man and the endangered animal.
In the meantime, it is necessary t raise peple’s awareness that the animals in zs and wildlife parks are nt dmesticated pets, and f the need fr visitrs t bserve rules fr their wn safety.
The man in the Ningb incident paid fr his fault with his life, but the tiger was killed fr his fault, t. We sincerely hpe n mre tigers r humans will pay fr such fault.
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段落
关键词
1.背景
①Angus，mistake，cach，winning，teens，fun，team
2.负面影响
②pressure，drives away，examined，shut，errrs，judged
3.心理影响
③anxiety，praised，self-cnfidence，burden
4.总结
④quit，attitude，supprt，encuragement