2025年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文

这是一份2025年高考英语真题分类汇编专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文，共27页。
（2025年全国一卷）While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these. In their new bk Mvement: Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives, they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple, amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
28. What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A. Cars ften get stuck n the rad.B. Traffic accidents ccur frequently.
C. Peple walk less and drive mre.D. Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
29. What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A. Keep their cities livable.B. Prmte cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They bsted the sales f cars.B. They turned ut largely ineffective.
C. They wn gvernment supprt.D. They advcated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Why the Rush?B. What’s Next?
C. Where t Stay?D. Wh t Blame?
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacbs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush thrugh (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
Passage 2
（2025年全国一卷）Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A. The hardness f water.B. The length f cling time.
C. The frequency f filtering.D. The type f plastic in water.
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35. What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A. Chice f new research methds.B. Pssible directin fr further study.
C. Need t invlve mre researchers.D. Ptential applicatin f the findings.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly diffcult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
Passage 3
（2025年全国二卷）When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
8. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
9. What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A. They appeal mre t students.B. They purify the envirnment.
C. They raise the crtisl level.D. They enhance prductivity.
10. What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A. The necessity f scial skills.B. The meaning f sustainability.
C. The imprtance f repeated effrts.D. The value f prfessinal pinins.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Time t Replace HuseplantsB. Plants Bst Yur Md
C. Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD. Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【答案】8 D 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. (当Snja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Snja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Bst Yur Md (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
Passage 4
（2025年全国二卷）Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
12. What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A. He witnessed fd shrtage.B. He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C. He dnated fd t Africans.D. He helped t ck at hme.
13. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
15. What can we learn abut wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.B. It is creating new jbs.
C. It has regained ppularity.D. It is criticized by tp chefs.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
Passage 5
（2025年北京卷）Nt t lng ag, n a cld winter night, there was a teenager wh wanted mre screen time and a parent wh said n. The teenager was advcating fr her right t scrll (翻屏) fr an extra 30 minutes. The parent argued that nne f her friends’ parents let them have screens after 9 ’clck. “I thught, in this family, we dn’t cmpare urselves with ther peple, Dad?” the teenager replied. The parent — wh was me, by the way — just gt served. Since they were yung, I have tld my kids nt t cmpare themselves with ther peple. I have argued cuntless times that cmparisns are the “thief f jy”.
Althugh my daughter didn’t win, she did help expse ne f the wrst pieces f advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all dne befre, which is repeat received wisdm withut explring the nuances. But nw is the time t set the recrd straight, which starts with questining the idea that all scial cmparisn is unhealthy.
Scial cmparisns d, f curse, ften get us int emtinal truble. But they can be harnessed (利用) fr ur betterment if we understand hw they wrk. The scial cmparisns we make — nes that lead us t feel gd r bad abut urselves — are vital t ur ability t thrive (成长). Science prvides a guide we can use t harness the way we perfrm these cmparisns t reduce their negative emtinal impacts.
Cmparing yurself with smene wh is utperfrming yu culd result in feelings f envy if yu fcus n the things they have and yu dn’t, r it can be energizing and inspiring if yu use these cmparisns as a surce f mtivatin, fr example, “If they can achieve that, s can I.” Cmparing yurself with smene wh is ding wrse than yu culd result in fear and wrry if yu think abut hw yu culd fall int similar circumstances, r it can draw ut feelings f gratitude and appreciatin if yu use that cmparisn t braden yur views — fr example, “Ww, things culd be much wrse; I’m ding great.”
What I wish I taught my daughter earlier are these nuances. Hw we feel abut urselves rests nt just n whm we cmpare urselves with but als n hw we think abut that cmparisn. That’s smething we all have cntrl ver.
28. Hw did the authr feel abut his daughter’s argument?
A. Excited.B. Inspired.C. Energized.D. Relieved.
29. What des the wrd “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A. Majr achievements.B. Cmplex feelings.
C. Significant impacts.D. Fine differences.
30. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Cmparing Ourselves with Others Can Becme a Healthy Habit
B. Cmparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
C. Scial Cmparisns Can Get Us int Emtinal Truble
D. Scial Cmparisns Can Be Cntrlled by Science
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己和女儿关于能否延长看屏幕时间的争论，引出对社会比较这一观念的思考，指出并非所有社会比较都不健康，若理解其原理，可加以利用促进自我提升。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Althugh my daughter didn’t win, she did help expse ne f the wrst pieces f advice I have ever given. (虽然我女儿没有赢，但她确实帮助揭露了我曾经给出的最糟糕的建议之一。)” 以及后文作者对社会比较的重新思考可知，作者从女儿的争论中得到了启发。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all dne befre, which is repeat received wisdm withut explring the nuances. But nw is the time t set the recrd straight, which starts with questining the idea that all scial cmparisn is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Scial cmparisns d, f curse, ften get us int emtinal truble. But they can be harnessed (利用) fr ur betterment if we understand hw they wrk. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Cmparing yurself with smene wh is utperfrming yu culd result in feelings f envy if yu fcus n the things they have and yu dn’t, r it can be energizing and inspiring if yu use these cmparisns as a surce f mtivatin (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。
Passage 6
（2025年北京卷）The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better.
Fr many years psychlgists saw identity as a cmbinatin f smene’s values, beliefs, gals and scial rles. Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives.
Our life stry is smething that starts cming tgether in ur teenage years, when we begin t rganise ur lives int chapters arund key events r life changes, and begin t see urselves as bth the central character and, t a varying extent, the stry’s authr. Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t.
Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. He discvered that whether smene describes having had sme cntrl ver events in their past is an imprtant predictr f a persn’s mental health. Anther key theme invlves finding sme kind f psitive meaning after stressful events. “Peple culd talk abut gaining knwledge r persnal grwth,” says Jhnsn. His research shws that this is ften missing fr peple with mental health cnditins. The gd news is that there is evidence we can learn t change ur wn stry.
Lisa Green, anther researcher, sunds a few ntes f cautin (谨慎). Fr instance, hearing abut the pwer f redemptive (拯救性的) stries, many peple may feel frced t find a psitive angle n hrrible events. She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud.
If yu want t turn ver a new leaf, thugh, ne tp tip is that it helps t chse a significant date that signals the start f a new “chapter”. Cntrary t ppular dubt, reslutins made n I January are mre effective fr this reasn. S, whether yur gal is saving mney r getting fit, there is n better time t becme the authr f ur wn destiny (命运).
31. What can be inferred abut persnal stries?
A. They are unrelated t health.B. Cnsistent nes lead t stress.
C They are relevant t happiness.D. Thematic nes hld back change.
32. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Talking abut gains frm failure is negative.B. New Year reslutins are well received.
C. The West tends t vervalue ptimism.D. Scial rles fail t be highlighted.
33. What des the authr mainly d in this passage?
A. Clarify a gal.B. Analyse an event.
C. Make a cmparisn.D. Illustrate an apprach.
34. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw self-identity wrks.B. Hw stry-tellers are made.
C. Hw persnal stries raise dubts.D. Hw timing affects persnal identity.
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间关系及如何改变个人故事。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Peple with mre cnsistent stries tend t have a strnger sense f identity, and they feel their life has mre meaning, directin and sense f purpse. Such peple shw greater verall life satisfactin, t. (拥有更一致故事的人往往有更强的身份认同感，他们觉得自己的生活更有意义、更有方向、更有目标感。这样的人总体上对生活的满意度也更高。)”可知，个人故事与幸福感相关。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“She says that Western culture already pushes peple t lk fr the silver lining behind every clud. (她说，西方文化已经促使人们在每一片乌云背后寻找一线希望。)”可知，西方倾向于过度重视乐观主义。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是在阐述一种方法。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据尤其是由文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”和第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“Hw self-identity wrks. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合题意。故选A。
2025年高考模拟试题分类汇编
Passage 1
（2025河南模拟）G t any mvie theater r sprts venue, and it’s bvius there’s an invisible bnd that frms frm laughing, crying, and simply feeling while brushing shulders with thers. Researches have lng backed up this sense f cnnectin, but sme aspects f the phenmenn remained unclear. Nw, a new study is ffering insight.
Writing in the jurnal Ryal Sciety Open Science, Victr Chung f the Écle Nrmale Supérieure in France and his team reprted hw they examined the matter by inviting strangers t watch vides tgether in same sex pairs.
Pairs f strangers watched three types f vides tgether: psitive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either pen r clsed. At the start f the experiment the researchers asked each participant whether they’d like t meet the ther member f their pair again. After watching each vide, participants reprted their emtins and feelings f cnnectedness, and after seeing all three vides they were asked nce again abut their feelings twards the ther participant.
The results shwed the emtinal films generated strnger respnses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings f cnnectedness within the pairs was bsted when they experienced mre intense emtins. Hwever, this was nly the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them pen. The researchers said that whether r nt the pairs culd see each ther had n impact n hw psitively r negatively they felt abut the films.
“We fund that silently watching emtinal films tgether with anther individual is assciated with scial bnding, even when this persn is a stranger and withut any verbal cmmunicatin,” said Chung, the study authr.
The team added that the findings may help explain why peple seek ut grup activities that generate strng emtins, “even participating in sad memrials that cause negative emtins.” In ther wrds, because emtin bnds us, and humans have a fundamental desire t belng, we’re up fr experiences ne might think we’d naturally want t avid.
28．What can we learn abut the research methd f Victr Chung’s team?​
A．They invited pairs f strangers f different genders t watch vides.​
B．Participants watched the vides withut any physical barriers between them.​
C．Participants were asked abut their feelings nly nce during the experiment.​
D．They cmpared participants’ respnses t three types f vides with different emtinal tnes.​
29．Accrding t the study, which f the fllwing factrs mst affects the sense f cnnectedness between participants?​
A．The type f the vide they watched.​
B．Whether they culd see each ther during watching.​
C．The intensity f emtins the vide arused.​
D．The rder in which they watched the vides.​
30．What can be inferred frm the underlined sentence “this was nly the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them pen” in Paragraph 4?​
A．Watching vides with the curtain clsed had n effect n participants’ emtins.​
B．Visual cntact was a necessary cnditin fr the enhancement f cnnectedness.​
C．Participants felt mre psitive abut the films when they culd see each ther.​
D．The presence f a curtain between participants influenced their emtinal respnses t the films.​
31．What is the main idea f the passage?​
A．T intrduce a new study n hw grup activities strengthen scial bnds.​
B．T analyze the reasns why peple prefer certain types f grup activities.​
C．T explain the impact f different emtinal experiences n scial bnding.​
D．T prve that silent watching f emtinal films prmtes scial cnnectin.
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项关于共同观看情感类影片如何增强陌生人之间社交联系的研究。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Pairs f strangers watched three types f vides tgether: psitive, negative, and neutral with a curtain between them that was either pen r clsed.(成对的陌生人一起观看了三种类型的视频：积极的、消极的和中性的，他们之间有一道帘子，要么是打开的，要么是关闭的)”以及“After watching each vide, participants reprted their emtins and feelings f cnnectedness, and after seeing all three vides they were asked nce again abut their feelings twards the ther participant. (观看每段视频后，参与者需要报告自己的情绪和与对方的联结感；在看完所有三段视频后，他们会再次被问及对另一位参与者的感受)”可知，Victr Chung团队的研究方法是比较参与者对三种不同情感基调视频的反应。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings f cnnectedness within the pairs was bsted when they experienced mre intense emtins.(关键是，研究团队表示，当参与者体验到更强烈的情绪时，他们之间的联系感会增强)”可知，视频唤起的情绪强度最影响参与者之间的联系感。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The results shwed the emtinal films generated strnger respnses than the neutral film. Crucially, the team said participants’ feelings f cnnectedness within the pairs was bsted when they experienced mre intense emtins. (结果显示，情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈。关键的是，研究团队称，当参与者体验到更强烈的情绪时，两人之间的联结感会增强)”可知，结果显示情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈，结合划线句子“Hwever, this was nly the case when participants watched the films with the curtain between them pen.(然而，这一现象仅在参与者观看影片时中间的帘子处于打开状态的情况下才会出现)”可知，情感类影片比中性影片引发的反应更强烈只是参与者观看影片时中间的帘子处于打开状态的情况下才会出现。由此可知，视觉接触是增强联系感的必要条件。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第五段中的““We fund that silently watching emtinal films tgether with anther individual is assciated with scial bnding, even when this persn is a stranger and withut any verbal cmmunicatin,” said Chung, the study authr. (该研究作者Chung表示：“我们发现，即便与陌生人一起默默观看情感类影片，且双方没有任何语言交流，这种行为也能促进社会联结。”)”可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究，证明默默观看情感电影能促进社交联系。故选D项。
Passage 2
（2025河南三模）In The Death and Life f Great American Cities, Jane Jacbs challenged the lngstanding practice f centralized urban planning, which treated cities as places requiring rder thrugh cntrlled centralizatin. Jacbs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: lcal knwledge, decentralized decisin-making, and the spntaneus (自发的) urban rder.
Jacbs argued that urban planning shuld priritize the lived experiences f residents ver abstract expertise, but cnventinal planners ften relied n statistical mdels and aesthetic (审美的) ideals, ignring the practical knwledge f city inhabitants. The East Harlem Husing Prject was a typical example f this discnnect. While fficials celebrated its mdernist twers and expansive lawns, residents criticized its islatin and lack f cmmunity integratin. When lcal residents’ needs cnflicted with central planners, the reslutin all t ften fell in favr f the “experts”.
Jacbs knew that decentralized planning was the best way t make the mst f lcal knwledge. The urban planner’s best curse f actin is t allw individuals t create their wn plans drawing n their unique preferences and lcal knwledge, helping build and maintain the spntaneus rders making urban life wrk. It cncerns the natural rder emerging frm decentralized planning: sidewalks that help keep streets safe, diverse residential and cmmercial uses, and self-gverning cmmunities.
The spntaneus rders are the result f human actin. By allwing individuals t rganize themselves in relatin t ne anther, natural urban rders emerge as flexible framewrks, empwering individuals t shape their envirnments accrding t lcal cntexts, mirrred in New Yrk City’s 1811 Grid Plan, which prvided a flexible fundatin fr diverse, adaptive develpment ver centuries and enabled residents t make chices abut husing, cmmerce, and public spaces while respecting the cmplexity f urban life.
Jacbs std up t centralized urban planning and celebrated the wisdm f average peple. Nw, she has laid the grundwrk fr an urban revlutin t cme.
12．What did Jacbs think f as a vital element in urban planning?
A．Ideas frm relevant experts.B．Human-envirnment unity.
C．Preference f urban planners.D．Aesthetic f decisin-makers.
13．What made the East Harlem Husing Prject a target fr public criticism?
A．Lack f spacius living area.B．Existence f ld-fashined buildings.
C．Layut f functining areas.D．Reliability f the lcal knwledge.
14．What des the furth paragraph fcus n?
A．The rle f scial interactin.
B．The cmplexity f urban planning.
C．The need f changing the lcal culture.
D．The limitatin f the spntaneus rders.
15．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．The Rise f Centralized Urban Planning
B．Jane Jacbs and Her Impact n American Cities
C．Urban Planning: Its Past, Present, and Future
D．Jane Jacbs: Challenging Traditinal Urban Planning
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Jane Jacbs在《美国大城市的死与生》一书中对集中式城市规划的长期做法提出挑战，并强调了本地知识、分散决策和自发城市秩序这三个基本原则在城市规划中的重要性。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Jacbs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: lcal knwledge, decentralized decisin-making, and the spntaneus (自发的) urban rder. (Jacbs通过强调她的三个基本原则来拒绝这种心态：本地知识、分散决策和自发的城市秩序)”以及第三段中“Jacbs knew that decentralized planning was the best way t make the mst f lcal knwledge. (Jacbs知道分散规划是充分利用本地知识的最佳方式)”可知，Jacbs认为本地知识和分散决策是城市规划中的关键要素，这体现了人与环境的统一，因为分散决策能够更好地反映和适应本地环境。故选B项。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The East Harlem Husing Prject was a typical example f this discnnect. While fficials celebrated its mdernist twers and expansive lawns, residents criticized its islatin and lack f cmmunity integratin. (东哈莱姆住宅项目就是这种脱节的一个典型例子。虽然官员们称赞其现代主义塔楼和广阔的草坪，但居民们批评其孤立无援，缺乏社区融合)”可知，东哈莱姆住宅项目成为公众批评的目标是因为其功能区的布局导致孤立无援，缺乏社区融合。故选C项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The spntaneus rders are the result f human actin. By allwing individuals t rganize themselves in relatin t ne anther, natural urban rders emerge as flexible framewrks, empwering individuals t shape their envirnments accrding t lcal cntexts, mirrred in New Yrk City’s 1811 Grid Plan, which prvided a flexible fundatin fr diverse, adaptive develpment ver centuries and enabled residents t make chices abut husing, cmmerce, and public spaces while respecting the cmplexity f urban life. (自发的秩序是人类行动的结果。通过允许个体相互组织，自然的城市秩序作为灵活的框架出现，使个体能够根据当地环境塑造他们的环境，这反映在纽约市1811年的网格计划中，该计划为数百年来多样、适应性强的开发提供了灵活的基础，并使居民能够在尊重城市生活复杂性的同时，对住房、商业和公共空间做出选择)”可知，第四段主要讨论了社会互动在自发秩序形成中的作用，即通过个体之间的相互组织，自然城市秩序作为灵活的框架出现，使个体能够根据当地环境塑造他们的环境。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。纵览全文，尤其是根据第一段中“In The Death and Life f Great American Cities, Jane Jacbs challenged the lngstanding practice f centralized urban planning, which treated cities as places requiring rder thrugh cntrlled centralizatin. Jacbs rejected this mindset by emphasizing her three basic principles: lcal knwledge, decentralized decisin-making, and the spntaneus (自发的) urban rder. (在《美国大城市的死与生》一书中，Jane Jacbs对集中式城市规划的长期做法提出挑战，这种做法将城市视为需要通过集中控制来维持秩序的地方。Jacbs通过强调她的三个基本原则来拒绝这种心态：本地知识、分散决策和自发的城市秩序)”可知，文章主要介绍了Jane Jacbs对传统城市规划的挑战，并强调了她的三个基本原则在城市规划中的重要性。因此，D项“Jane Jacbs: Challenging Traditinal Urban Planning (Jane Jacbs：挑战传统城市规划)”最符合文章主旨，适宜作为标题。故选D项。
Passage 3
（2025湖北模拟）Peple have been enjying staring ut f the windw f the plane fr a spectacular view fr ver a century. That’s why yu may be surprised t learn that fr decades, aircraft designers have been cnsidering planes with vide screens instead f passenger windws.
In 2014, fr example, the UK-based Centre fr Prcess Innvatin (CPI) uncvered a design fr such a windwless airliner. In 2022, Dubai-based airline Emirates released Being 777s equipped with “virtual windws”. But Emirates has n plan fr a windwless airliner.
Hwever, an aircraft prducer des aim t g windwless. Fr the past few years, a privately wned Bstn-based cmpany, Spike Aerspace, has been wrking t develp the Spike S-512, an 18-passenger business jet. Instead f usual small glass windws, there will be a pair f 20-ft-lng -meter) digital vide screens that will stretch the length f the cabin (机舱) n either side f the aircraft. Multiple high definitin cameras n the utside f the plane will prvide 4K vide, which the aircraft will sew tgether, using special sftware develped by Spike Aerspace.
“Remving cnventinal glass windws frm planes has ther advantages as well, “Spike Aerspace president and CEO Vik Kachria says. Fr example, it wuld be pssible t reduce nise frm the engines. It als wuld strengthen the aircraft and make it safer. “Wherever yu have a hle is a structural weakness,” he said. If passengers are nt interested in the view, they als will be able t use the screens t d ther things. Yu can watch vides r even get hands n ffice sftware.
Kachria envisins delivering the first jet withut passenger windws in 2025. Initially, nly peple wealthy enugh t affrd a private jet will be able t enjy Spike Aerspace’s windwless flying experience. But Kachria expects that the innvative technlgy eventually will find its way int regular airliners as well.
8．Why are CPI and Emirates mentined?
A．T demnstrate their market dminance.B．T cmpare different aircraft technlgies.
C．T shw early effrts fr windwless planes.D．T explain the challenges f windwless design.
9．What is the main fcus abut Spike S-512 in Paragraph 3?
A．Its size.B．Its design.C．Its prducer.D．Its cnstructin.
10．What is special abut Spike Aerspace’s digital vide screens?
A．They reduce engine nise levels.B．They display exterir landscapes.
C．They remve structural weakness.D．They enable dcument prcessing
11．What’s Kachria’s hpe fr the windwless aircraft?
A．It will upgrade flying experience.B．It will accmdate mre passengers.
C．It will be accessible t general public.D．It will g int mass prductin in 2025.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了飞机设计领域的一个新趋势——无窗飞机，并详细阐述了这一设计的背景、现状、优势以及未来的发展前景。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 2014, fr example, the UK-based Centre fr Prcess Innvatin (CPI) uncvered a design fr such a windwless airliner. In 2022, Dubai-based airline Emirates released Being 777s equipped with “virtual windws”. But Emirates has n plan fr a windwless airliner.(例如，2014年，英国工艺创新中心（CPI）公布了一款无窗客机的设计方案。2022年，总部位于迪拜的阿联酋航空公司推出了配备“虚拟舷窗”的波音777客机。不过，阿联酋航空并没有推出无窗客机的计划。)”可知，文章提及这两者是为了举例说明“几十年来飞机设计师一直在考虑用视频屏幕取代舷窗”的早期探索。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Instead f usual small glass windws, there will be a pair f 20-ft-lng -meter) digital vide screens that will stretch the length f the cabin (机舱) n either side f the aircraft. Multiple high definitin cameras n the utside f the plane will prvide 4K vide, which the aircraft will sew tgether, using special sftware develped by Spike Aerspace.(这款飞机没有传统的小玻璃窗，而是在机舱两侧各安装一对20英尺（约6米）长的数字视频屏幕，贯穿整个客舱。飞机外部的多个高清摄像头将提供4K视频，并通过Spike Aerspace开发的专用软件进行拼接。)”可知，本段详细描述了Spike S-512的设计特点：取消传统玻璃窗，改用两侧20英尺长的数字视频屏幕，通过外部高清摄像头和专用软件拼接4K视频。整段围绕其设计构造展开。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“If passengers are nt interested in the view, they als will be able t use the screens t d ther things. Yu can watch vides r even get hands n ffice sftware.(如果乘客对窗外景色不感兴趣，他们还可以利用屏幕做其他事情，比如观看视频，甚至使用办公软件。)”可推测，Spike Aerspace的数字屏幕可以支持文档处理。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But Kachria expects that the innvative technlgy eventually will find its way int regular airliners as well.(但Kachria预计，这项创新技术最终也会应用于普通客机。)”可知，Kachria希望这项无窗技术最终能应用于普通客机，即让更多普通乘客受益。故选C。
Passage 4
（2025湖北模拟）Human echlcatin (回声定位) has at times allwed peple t ride bikes r play basketball despite being cmpletely blind frm a very yung age. They typically perceive envirnment by clicking sharply with their tngues and listening t differences in the sunds reflected ff bjects.
Brain-imaging studies reveal that expert echlcatrs display respnses t sund in their brain’s primary visual regin, pssibly because lng-term input disadvantage leads t visual regins being repurpsed. “It’s traditinally thught that the blind brain is different and requires sensry lss fr this neurplasticity,” says neurscientist Lre Thaler.
Thaler c-led a 2021 study shwing that bth blind and sighted peple culd learn echlcatin in 10 weeks. They examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, bth displayed respnses t eches in their visual crtex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensry regins are whlly sense-specific.
The researchers trained 14 sighted and 12 blind peple fr tw t three hurs twice a week. They started by teaching participants t prduce muth clicks, then trained them n three tasks invlving judging bject size and rientatin, and navigating virtual webs using simulated click-plus-ech sunds tied t their psitins. Bth grups imprved n all the tasks. “This study significantly cntributes t a grwing bdy f evidence that this is a trainable, rdinary skill available t bth blind and sighted peple, “says Santani Teng, a psychlgist.
After training, bth grups shwed increased auditry (听觉的) crtex activatin and higher gray matter density in auditry areas. Mst surprisingly, they als shwed visual crtex activatin in respnse t eches. “We weren’t sure if we wuld get this result in sighted peple. s it was really rewarding t see it,” Thaler says. She suspects that rather than just prcessing visual data, this brain area takes in infrmatin frm multiple senses that aid spatial understanding.
A fllw-up survey fund that 83 percent f blind participants reprted imprved independence and well-being. The researchers are wrking t spread the training mre widely as a pwerful sensry tl fr peple with visin damage.
12．The underlined wrd “neurplasticity” in Para. 2 refers t the brain’s ____________.
A．cntrl f bdy mvementsB．resistance t external changes
C．enhancement f ld memriesD．adjustment f its wn structure
13．What des the study’s key finding shw?
A．Echlcatin is inbrn.B．Sensry lss isn’t required.
C．Sighted peple dn’t benefit.D．Auditry crtex plays a key rle.
14．Hw des the visual crtex respnd t echlcatin training?
A．It priritizes auditry input.B．It prcesses sund and space.
C．It increases gray matter density.D．It functins differently in bth grups
15．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Echlcatin Training Rewires Visual CrtexB．Sensry Lss Activates Brain Flexibility.
C．Sund-based Training Helps the Blind.D．Echlcatin Cures Visin Prblems.
【答案】12．D 13．B 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于人类回声定位的研究，表明盲人和有视力的人都能在10周内学会回声定位，训练会使视觉皮层有相应反应。
12．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Brain imaging studies reveal that expert echlcatrs display respnses t sund in their brain’s primary visual regin, pssibly because lng term input disadvantage leads t visual regins being repurpsed. “It’s traditinally thught that the blind brain is different and requires sensry lss fr this neurplasticity,” says neurscientist Lre Thaler.(脑成像研究显示，专业回声定位者大脑的初级视觉区会对声音产生反应，这可能是由于长期视觉输入缺失导致视觉区域被重新利用。神经系统科学家洛尔·塞勒说：“传统观点认为，盲人的大脑是不同的，需要感官缺失才能产生这种神经可塑性。”)”和指代关系可推知，“neurplasticity”指的是上文提到的由于长期视觉输入缺失导致视觉区域被重新利用，即“大脑自身结构因长期输入劣势而进行的调整”。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thaler c-led a 2021 study shwing that bth blind and sighted peple culd learn echlcatin in 10 weeks. They examined the brain changes underlying these abilities. After training, bth displayed respnses t eches in their visual crtex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensry regins are whlly sense specific.(塞勒共同领导了一项2021年的研究，表明盲人和有视力的人都能在10周内学会回声定位。他们研究了这些能力背后的大脑变化。训练后，两组人在视觉皮层都对回声有反应，这一发现挑战了初级感觉区域完全特定于某种感觉的观点)”可知，该研究主要发现盲人和有视力的人都能学会回声定位，表明学习回声定位不需要感官丧失。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mst surprisingly, they als shwed visual crtex activatin in respnse t eches. ‘We weren’t sure if we wuld get this result in sighted peple. s it was really rewarding t see it,’ Thaler says. She suspects that rather than just prcessing visual data, this brain area takes in infrmatin frm multiple senses that aid spatial understanding.(最令人惊讶的是，他们的视觉皮层也对回声做出了反应。‘我们不确定是否能在视力正常的人身上得到同样的结果。所以看到它真的很值得。’塞勒说。她怀疑这个大脑区域不仅仅是处理视觉数据，它还从多种感官中吸收信息，从而帮助理解空间)”可知，视觉皮层在回声定位训练中处理声音和空间信息。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第三段中“After training, bth displayed respnses t eches in their visual crtex (大脑皮层), a finding that challenges the belief that primary sensry regins are whlly sense specific.(训练后，两组人在视觉皮层都对回声有反应，这一发现挑战了初级感觉区域完全特定于某种感觉的观点)”以及后文内容可知，本文主要介绍了回声定位训练会使视觉皮层产生变化。故A项“Echlcatin Training Rewires Visual Crtex(回声定位训练重塑视觉皮层)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选A项。
Passage 5
（2025重庆二模）In male-n-male muse fights, the victims f aggressin ften hide behind a female muse t shift their attackers’ attentin. Think back t a time when yu were cnfrnted by a bully r fund yurself in anther challenging situatin — yu either cnfrnted the issue directly r lked fr ways t escape it, says Jshua Neunuebel at the University f Delaware. Animals ften deal with similar struggles.
Fights between male mice can be fercius, ften invlving biting, wrestling r rlling ver each ther if their encunter becmes intense. Neunuebel and his clleagues recrded mre than 3,000 aggressive fights between male mice in the lab and then prcessed the interactins with machine learning. This tl learned t recgnize certain behavirs autmatically based n vide examples that the researchers had manually labeled, such as ftage (片段) f ne male muse aggressr clsely chasing a secnd male.
The analysis revealed an attentin-shifting strategy in which a male muse ran away frm an aggressr male t apprach a female muse. That ften drve the aggressr t interact with the same female muse, taking the heat ff the victim f aggressin, which then mved away. This series f events played ut mre than half the time fllwing aggressive encunters between males. “I believe ne reasn we were able t discver this bait-and-switch strategy was that we studied grup behavir by recrding multiple mice tgether, which is much less cmmn than studying pairs f mice,” says Neunuebel.
But Markus Meister at the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy described the effects f the aggressive behavir n muse scial interactins as “small and barely significant”. “Befre investigating any underlying mechanisms, ne wuld really like t see a mre cnsistent behaviur first,” he says.
28．What is the fcus f the study?
A．Aggressive behavir f male mice.
B．Defensive strategies f male mice.
C．Differences between human and mice cnflicts.
D．Cmmunicatin between male and female mice.
29．What des the underlined wrd“fercius” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Vilent.B．Skillful.C．Endless.D．Decisive.
30．Hw did Neunuebel’s team discver the bait-and-switch strategy?
A．By studying individual mice.
B．By using high-tech tracking.
C．By changing utdr settings.
D．By bserving grup interactins.
31．What did Markus Meister think f the finding?
A．Extensive.B．Innvative.C．Uncnvincing.D．Puzzling.
【答案】28．B 29．A 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在雄鼠之间的争斗中，受攻击的雄鼠常常会躲在雌鼠身后以转移攻击者的注意力，研究人员通过实验对此进行了研究，同时还提到了其他学者对该研究发现的看法。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“In male-n-male muse fights, the victims f aggressin ften hide behind a female muse t shift their attackers’ attentin.(在雄鼠之间的争斗中，受攻击的一方常常躲在一只雌鼠身后，以转移攻击者的注意力)” 以及后文围绕雄鼠这种躲避攻击策略展开的研究内容可知，研究重点是雄鼠的防御策略。故选B。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句“Fights between male mice can be fercius, ften invlving biting, wrestling r rlling ver each ther if their encunter becmes intense.(雄鼠之间的争斗可能会很fercius，当它们的遭遇变得紧张时，常常会涉及撕咬、扭打或相互翻滚缠斗)”中 “biting”“wrestling”“rlling ver each ther” 以及 “intense” 这些描述可知，雄鼠之间的争斗是很激烈的。fercius意为“猛烈的，激烈的”。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“I believe ne reasn we were able t discver this bait-and-switch strategy was that we studied grup behavir by recrding multiple mice tgether, which is much less cmmn than studying pairs f mice,” says Neunuebel.(Neunuebel 说：“我认为我们能够发现这种‘诱饵与替换’策略的一个原因是我们通过同时记录多只老鼠的行为来研究群体行为，这比研究成对的老鼠要少见得多”)” 可知，Neunuebel 团队是通过记录多只小鼠一起的群体行为，即观察群体互动，从而发现了这种策略。故选D。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段“But Markus Meister at the Califrnia Institute f Technlgy described the effects f the aggressive behavir n muse scial interactins as“small and barely significant”. “Befre investigating any underlying mechanisms, ne wuld really like t see a mre cnsistent behaviur first,” he says.(但加州理工学院的 Markus Meister 称，攻击行为对小鼠社交互动的影响“很小且几乎不显著”。他说：“在研究任何潜在机制之前，人们真的希望首先看到更一致的行为表现”)”可知，Markus Meister认为攻击行为对小鼠社交互动的影响小且几乎不显著，并且觉得在研究潜在机制前应先看到更稳定一致的行为表现，由此可推断他对该研究发现持怀疑态度，觉得不太令人信服。故选C。
Passage 6
（2025湖南模拟）Cats aren’t knwn fr their sensitivity. But a new study published in the jurnal Applied Animal Behaviur Science suggests that ur feline friends may care mre abut us and ther pets in the huse than we give them credit fr. What it fund was that cats respnded t the lss in a way that lked strikingly similar t murning.
T dig deeper int this phenmenn, a team led by psychlgist Jennifer Vnk and her c-authr Brittany Greene embarked n a cmprehensive investigatin. They surveyed 412 cat wners r caregivers, asking them hw their cat reacted after the death f anther pet in the huse. Participants used a five-pint scale t indicate changes in the cats’ behaviurs in the days and weeks after the death. The recrded behaviurs were numerus: altered sleep, eating and playing habits, increased vcalisatin, spending mre time alne, seeking human attentin by sitting r lying near them, shwing fear r curisity, interacting with remaining pets, grming changes, and even searching fr the lst pet by sniffing its usual spts.
Respndents were als asked t describe the relatinships between the cat and the deceased pet, as well as their wn bnds and grief. This indicated that cats frm cnnectins and respnd emtinally t lss.
It seems cats get sad when a cmpanin dies, thugh it’s hard t prve this. Sme cats changed their eating and playing habits. Others sught mre human interactin. And sme even searched the huse fr their missing family members, lingering arund the places where they used t play r sleep. Still, Jennifer cautins that there culd be ther reasns fr the changes in the behaviur besides cats’ grief. They might be eating mre because they nw have mre access t the fd bwl, r they might be playing less because they n lnger have a playmate.
But, she says, even if they d experience grief, it’s prbably different frm the kind that humans feel. It’s mre likely they’re nticing that smething has changed in their scial envirnment, and they are respnding t the change with feelings f fear r anxiety.
28．What is the main finding f the study n cats?
A．Cats are very emtinally stable animals.
B．Cats react nly by changing their eating habits.
C．Cats avid interactin with humans after a pet dies.
D．Cats might display murning behaviurs like humans.
29．What was the methd used by researchers t gather data?
A．Cnducting interviews with prfessinals.B．Asking cat wners abut their cats’ changes.
C．Studying the cats’ interactins with their wners.D．Observing the cats in a cntrlled envirnment.
30．Accrding t the study, which f the fllwing behaviurs may be unrelated t grief?
A．Sitting r lying near humans.B．Seeking mre interactin with humans.
C．Eating mre when there is fd arund.D．Searching the huse fr the missing pet.
31．Why des Jennifer think cats react emtinally t anther pet’s lss?
A．They are experiencing the same grief as humans.
B．They feel abandned and fearful when left alne.
C．They respnd t changes in their scial envirnment.
D．They have develped strng friendships with ther pets.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明猫与家中的人类和其他宠物之间可能有更深的情感联系，它们会在同伴或家中其他宠物死亡后表现出类似于人类的哀悼行为，但猫表现出的这种悲伤与人类的悲伤不同，而是以恐惧或焦虑等情绪对社会环境变化作出的反应。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“What it fund was that cats respnded t the lss in a way that lked strikingly similar t murning.(研究发现，猫对损失的反应与哀悼惊人地相似。)”可知，研究发现猫对家中成员的离世作出的反应看起来与哀悼极为相似。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They surveyed 412 cat wners r caregivers, asking them hw their cat reacted after the death f anther pet in the huse. Participants used a five-pint scale t indicate changes in the cats’ behaviurs in the days and weeks after the death. (他们调查了412名猫主人或看护者，询问他们的猫在家里另一只宠物死亡后的反应。参与者使用五分制来指示猫在死后几天和几周内的行为变化。)”可知，研究人员对412名养猫人士展开调查，询问他们在家中另一只宠物死后，他们的猫有何反应、行为有何变化，然后据此进行数据收集。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Still, Jennifer cautins that there culd be ther reasns fr the changes in the behaviur besides cats’ grief. They might be eating mre because they nw have mre access t the fd bwl, r they might be playing less because they n lnger have a playmate. (不过，珍妮弗提醒说，除了猫的悲伤之外，可能还有其他原因导致猫的行为变化。他们可能会吃得更多，因为他们现在有更多的机会接触到食物碗，或者他们可能会玩得更少，因为他们不再有玩伴。)”可知，猫的行为变化可能还有其他原因，比如因为更容易获取食物而吃得更多，但这一行为和悲伤无关。故选C。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But, she says, even if they d experience grief, it’s prbably different frm the kind that humans feel. It’s mre likely they’re nticing that smething has changed in their scial envirnment, and they are respnding t the change with feelings f fear r anxiety. (但是，她说，即使它们确实经历了悲伤，也可能与人类的感受不同。更有可能的是，他们注意到他们的社会环境发生了变化，他们对这种变化的反应是恐惧或焦虑。)”可知，珍妮弗认为猫的确有悲伤情绪，但这种情绪与人类的可能不同，猫之所以会有悲伤情绪可能是因为在其他宠物死亡后，它们注意到自己所处的社会环境发生了变化，并正在以悲伤和焦虑等情绪对这种变化作出反应。故选C。
Passage 7
（2025湖南模拟）In 1780, Jeremy Bentham wrte the first lines f the first chapter f ne f his mst famus wrks. It read, “Nature has placed mankind under the gvernance f tw masters: pain and pleasure. It is fr them alne t pint ut what we ught t d, as well as t determine what we shall d.”
The British philspher built an entire philsphy arund this idea — that we are all mtivated by pleasure and pain. Lucky fr him, then, that almst all f the scial sciences tday agree with him. Mre than that, many behaviral scientists believe we can game ur wn mechanisms f pleasure and pain and achieve anything. It’s all t d with smething called “Skinner’s Law”.
Skinner’s Law, named after American behavirist B．F. Skinner, is that when yu are prcrastinating (拖延) r finding a task hard t get n with, yu have tw chices: either “make the pain f nt ding it greater than the pain f ding it” r “make the pleasure f ding it greater than the pleasure f nt ding it.”
The next questin is: Is it better t prmise yurself pleasure r t threaten yurself with pain t achieve yur gal? It turns ut that pain is by far the strnger mtivatr. Daniel Kahneman wn the 2002 Nbel Prize fr a thery called “Prspect Thery.” He and Ams Tversky shwed that we find pain mre mtivating than equivalent (等同的) pleasure.
Using all f this, here are tw practical bits f advice:
Make a bet: Find a friend r a family member, and bet them sme sum f mney r sme item yu value that yu will d a certain thing. “Okay, Dad,” yu might say, “if I’m nt 5 punds lighter by my birthday, yu can have my PlayStatin 5.”
Scial accuntability: Tell everyne yu’re trying t d smething. Tell them yur target and yur deadline. Keep peple updated abut yur prgress. This serves tw purpses: t present the carrt and the stick. The carrt is that yu get praise, supprt, and advice frm yur clsest relatives. The stick is that yu might be embarrassed r ashamed if yu fail.
32．What are Bentham’s wrds mainly abut?
A．The primary rt f human suffering.
B．The driving frces behind human behavir.
C．The fundamental principles f nature’s law.
D．The rle f scial sciences in understanding humans.
33．What des the underlined wrd “game” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Evaluate.B．Cntrl.C．Strengthen.D．Understand.
34．What des the authr suggest readers d t stick with their task?
A．Enjy the pain f lsing things.
B．Wrk tgether with a trusted partner.
C．Infrm thers f their advancements regularly.
D．Keep reminding themselves f the deadline.
35．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Overcming Prcrastinatin: Strategies fr Success
B．The Origins f Skinner’s Law: A Histrical Review
C．The Pwer f Pleasure: A Behaviral Science Analysis
D．Reclaim Yur Mtivatin: Applying Skinner’s Law
【答案】32．B 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是作者建议读者运用斯金纳定律（Skinner’s Law）调节自己完成任务过程中的痛苦和快乐，并进一步强调痛苦作为激励因素的主要力量，帮助人们维持做事的动力，从而实现目标。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Nature has placed mankind under the gvernance f tw masters: pain and pleasure. It is fr them alne t pint ut what we ught t d, as well as t determine what we shall d.”(“大自然将人类置于两位主宰者的统治之下：痛苦与快乐。唯有它们能为我们指明应当做什么，也能决定我们将做什么。”)”可知，Bentha的话主要讨论了人类行为背后的驱动力，即痛苦和快乐，这是他认为影响人类决策和行为的主要因素，故选B项。
33．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Mre than that, many behaviral scientists believe we can game ur wn mechanisms f pleasure and pain and achieve anything. It’s all t d with smething called “Skinner’s Law”.(更重要的是，许多行为科学家认为，我们可以game自己的快乐和痛苦机制，实现任何目标。这都与“斯金纳定律”有关。)”可知，此处引出了斯金纳定律的概念，由此可知，划线词所在句应与斯金纳定律的应用相关，文章第三段“when yu are prcrastinating (拖延) r finding a task hard t get n with, yu have tw chices: either “make the pain f nt ding it greater than the pain f ding it” r “make the pleasure f ding it greater than the pleasure f nt ding it.(当你拖延或发现一项任务难以完成时，你有两个选择：要么“让不做的痛苦大于做的痛苦”，要么“让做的快乐大于不做的快乐”)”对斯金纳定律进行了具体介绍，由此可推测，我们可以通过“控制”我们内在的痛苦和快乐机制来维持做事的动力，进而达成目标，所以划线词game的意思与B项Cntrl(控制)意思相近，故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Tell everyne yu’re trying t d smething. Tell them yur target and yur deadline. Keep peple updated abut yur prgress.(告诉大家你在努力做点什么。告诉他们你的目标和截止日期。让别人了解你的最新进展。)”可知，作者建议读者定期告知他人自己的进展，以坚持自己的任务，故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。文章第一段由Bentha的话指出痛苦和快乐是人类行为背后的驱动力，文章第二段提出斯金纳定律，文章第三段对斯金纳定律进行介绍，文章第四段至最后一段主要讲述了如何利用斯金纳定律来重新激发和控制我们的内在动机，即通过增加不采取行动的痛苦或增加采取行动快乐来实现目标，纵观全文，D项“Reclaim Yur Mtivatin: Applying Skinner’s Law(重拾动力：应用斯金纳定律)”准确地概括了文章的主要内容和主题，作为文章标题最合适，故选D项。
Passage 8
（2025河北模拟）Scientists have been lking at DNA t stre all types f data, nt just bilgical, but als digital. Yet while DNA is a great strage material, it’s als quite delicate. Water r heat can damage it easily unless it’s given an amber-like（似琥珀）cating. That new idea was brrwed frm the 1993mvie Jurassic Park, in which scientists clned dinsaurs frm DNA trapped in amber.
DNA is the wrld’s ldest data strage device. The mst amazing thing abut DNA is that it can ptentially be used t stre any type f data. Putting infrmatin int DNA uses a prcess called encding. “Yur cmputer stres infrmatin in a binary frmat（二进制）, zeres and nes,” ntes Karishma Matange, a cmputatinal bilgist. “Encding wrks t change these zeres and nes int A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can stre infrmatin.” The rder f the bases in DNA is called sequence（序列）, which spells ut the infrmatin it hlds. T pull infrmatin back ut frm the DNA, yu rewind the prcess.
Scientists can stre DNA fr lng perids. But it requires freezing temperatures, special equipment and dangerus chemicals, which makes the prcess cstly. James Banal, a scientist in San Carls, Califrnia, and his team came up with a new methd T-REX. His team uses this methd t trap DNA in a material similar t plastic. “Plastics are durable.” Banal pints ut. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA．
T test it, the team encded the Jurassic Park theme music and a persn’s genme int DNA．Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic. Damp and heat are DNA’s biggest threats. But the T-REX material keeps damp ut. The researchers heated it up t 75°Celsius. Later, they gt the DNA by breaking the cating dwn. The best part, Banal says, is that the brken-dwn material can be reused t stre DNA again.
Banal and his clleagues want t use the T-REX methd t preserve genetic data r even safely stre bilgical samples that will be launched int space. And we might ne day use it t stre the massive amunts f data peple generate every day.
28．Hw is digital infrmatin stred int DNA?
A．By turning binary cde int DNA bases.B．By freezing the DNA at lw temperatures.
C．By cating the DNA with amber material.D．By sequencing DNA frm ancient samples.
29．What is the main advantage f the T-REX methd fr DNA strage?
A．Breaking DNA dwn with chemicals.B．Offering cst-effective strage f DNA．
C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness.D．Withdrawing whle DNA frm dinsaurs.
30．What will the DNA strage technlgy be used fr in the future?
A．Clning extinct dinsaurs.B．Reducing glbal plastic pllutin.
C．Preserving diverse samples.D．Speeding future space explratin.
31．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．A breakthrugh in DNA data strage technlgy.
B．Hw digital technlgy advances DNA analysis.
C．The bilgical applicatins f DNA repairing system.
D．Hw Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservatin research.
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C 31．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了DNA存储数据的原理，传统存储的缺陷及T-REX新方法，其成本低、耐用，未来或用于多领域存储。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Putting infrmatin int DNA uses a prcess called encding. “Yur cmputer stres infrmatin in a binary frmat (二进制), zeres and nes,” ntes Karishma Matange, a cmputatinal bilgist. “Encding wrks t change these zeres and nes int A, C, G and T, the DNA bases that can stre infrmatin.” (将信息输入DNA需要一个称为编码的过程。计算生物学家Karishma Matange指出：“你的计算机以二进制格式（0和1）存储信息。”。“编码的作用是将这些0和1转换为A、C、G和T，即可以存储信息的DNA碱基。”)”可知，数字信息是通过将二进制数据转换为DNA的四种碱基（A、C、G、T）进行存储的。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA. (此外，T-REX是包裹DNA的廉价替代品。)”和第四段“But the T-REX material keeps damp ut. The researchers heated it up t 75° Celsius. Later, they gt the DNA by breaking the cating dwn. The best part, Banal says, is that the brken-dwn material can be reused t stre DNA again. (但T-REX材料可以防潮。研究人员将其加热至75摄氏度。后来，他们通过分解涂层获得了DNA。Banal说，最好的部分是，分解的材料可以再次用于存储DNA。)”可知，T-REX方法既成本低廉，又能防潮，并且可以重复使用材料来存储DNA，因此，T-REX方法的主要优势是提供了一种经济有效的DNA存储方式。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Banal and his clleagues want t use the T-REX methd t preserve genetic data r even safely stre bilgical samples that will be launched int space. And we might ne day use it t stre the massive amunts f data peple generate every day. (Banal和他的同事们希望使用T-REX方法来保存遗传数据，甚至安全地存储将被发射到太空的生物样本。有一天，我们可能会用它来存储人们每天生成的大量数据。)”可知，DNA存储技术未来将用于保存多样化的样本。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Scientists have been lking at DNA t stre all types f data, nt just bilgical, but als digital. Yet while DNA is a great strage material, it’s als quite delicate. (科学家们一直在研究DNA来存储所有类型的数据，不仅是生物数据，还有数字数据。然而，尽管DNA是一种很好的存储材料，但它也很脆弱。)”和文章第三段“James Banal, a scientist in San Carls, Califrnia, and his team came up with a new methd T-REX. His team uses this methd t trap DNA in a material similar t plastic. “Plastics are durable.” Banal pints ut. Besides, T-REX is a cheap alternative t enclse DNA. (加利福尼亚州圣卡洛斯的科学家James Banal和他的团队提出了一种新的方法T-REX。他的团队使用这种方法将DNA捕获在类似塑料的材料中。巴纳尔指出：“塑料很耐用。”。此外，T-REX是包裹DNA的廉价替代品。)”可知，文章主要讲述了科学家们一直在研究使用DNA来存储各种类型的数据，并介绍了DNA作为存储材料的优缺点，以及一种新的DNA存储方法T-REX的研发和应用。因此，文章的主旨大意是DNA数据存储技术的突破。故选A。