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2024年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编（全国通用）专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文 (原卷版)
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这是一份2024年高考真题和模拟题英语分类汇编（全国通用）专题07 阅读理解说明文、议论文 (原卷版)，共19页。
Passage1
【新课标Ⅰ卷】Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
29. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
Passage2
【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
Passage3
【新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
Passage4
【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
Passage5
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
Passage6
【2024全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
8. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.D. It travels alng a river.
9. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
10. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
Passage7
【2024全国甲卷】“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—bu it might prvide what yu need t get there.
12. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
13. What did the authr realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by character.
C. Each type f literature has its unique end.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected f a gd ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
15. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.D. T recmmend their new bks.
Passage8
Passage9
Passage10
2024年名校模拟题
Passage1
（2024·江苏南通·三模）In a recent study f healthy vlunteers, Natinal Institutes f Health researchers discvered that ur brains may replay memries f learning new skills when we rest.
NIH researchers have mapped ut the brain activity that flws when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new sng n the pian, and fund that during shrt rest the vlunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versins f the activity seen while they practiced typing a cde. The mre a vlunteer replayed the activity the better they perfrmed during subsequent practice sessins.
The study was cnducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team f Dr. Chen, M.D．, senir investigatr at the NIH’s Natinal Institute f Neurlgical Disrders and Strke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique t recrd the brain waves f 33 healthy, right-handed vlunteers as they learned t type a five-digit test cde with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s lng, cne-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shwn the cde “41234” n a screen and asked t type it ut as many times as pssible fr 10 secnds and then take a 10 secnd break. Subjects were asked t repeat this cycle f alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessins a ttal f 35 times.
During the first few trials, the speed at which subjects crrectly typed the cde imprved dramatically and then leveled ff arund the 11th cycle. In a previus study, Dr. Chen’s team shwed that mst f these gains happened during shrt rests, and nt when the subjects were typing. Mrever, the gains were greater than thse made after a night’s sleep and were related with a decrease in the size f brain waves, called beta rhythms. In this new reprt, the researchers searched fr smething different in the subjects’ brain waves.
“We wanted t explre the mechanisms (机制) behind memry strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several frms f memry appear t rely n the replaying f neural (神经的) activity, s we decided t test this idea ut fr prcedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D．, a staff scientist n Dr. Chen’s team and leader f the study. T d this, Dr. Buch develped a cmputer prgram which allwed the team t understand the brain wave activity assciated with typing each number in the test cde.
Interestingly, they fund that the mre a vlunteer replayed, the better their perfrmance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, ur results supprt the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a pwerful tl that researchers can use t help individuals learn new skills faster and pssibly facilitate recvery frm strke.” said Dr. Chen.
8．What have NIH researchers recently fund?
A．The brain activity slwly flws when we learn a new skill.
B．The value f shrt practice sessins can’t be verestimated.
C．Shrt rest makes n difference t the neural replay f the activity.
D．The frequency f brain replay cntributes t practice perfrmances.
9．What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 3?
A．The prcess f the research.
B．The facilities f the research.
C．The applicatin f the research.
D．The preparatins f the research.
10．Why did Dr. Buch develp a cmputer prgram?
A．T distinguish the first 11 cycles frm the later nes.
B．T cnfirm the rle f neural replay in skill learning.
C．T explre the ptential effects f prcedural learning.
D．T find ut the reasns fr the changes in brain waves.
11．What des Dr. Chen think f the research findings?
A．Acceptable.
B．Prmising.
C．Shallw.
D．Dismissive.
Passage2
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a castal suburb abut 40 miles nrth f San Dieg, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almst perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the mst perfect summer day. There is just ne prblem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitrs, and even lifelng Califrnians in the industrial state, might see wide areas f sand as part f the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that ver decades, the cast has becme a highly engineered wnder. Millins f cubic yards f sand dug frm ther parts has been added in the last century t build the pstcard-wrthy beach like the ne in Santa Mnica.
But a range f frces have shrunk beaches all alng Califrnia’s castline. Califrnia culd lse as much as 75% f its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related t climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up int the water. Sme f it mves twards ther beaches. Besides, dams and cncrete canals have reduced the amunt f river sediment (沉淀物) flwing dwnstream that culd help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shreline were allwed t evlve withut human interventin, the beaches culd cntinue t exist as we knw them. But in Califrnia, the develpment in many places alng the cast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evlutin.
Over the years, lcal gvernments wrked tgether n a few majr sand supplement prjects. But thse, still, have prved t be fleeting slutins. “Everything we d is a shrt-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a prfessr specializing in castal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew mre extreme, lngtime Oceanside residents frmed an rganizatin called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach twn cannt exist withut a beach. Leaders here launched sme internatinal design cmpetitins, aiming at finding new ways f getting and keeping sand n the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s abslutely nthing we can d t hld back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What des the authr mean by mentining the engineered wnder?
A．Mst visitrs are engineers.B．Califrnia is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect hliday vacatin.D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reasn fr the crisis f beaches alng Califrnia’s castline?
A．Sand supplement has been added.B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flwing dwnstream.D．Human interventin blcks the natural evlutin.
10．What des the underlined wrd “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Efficient.B．Temprary.C．Sustainable.D．Cmplex.
11．Which f the fllwing was dne t preserve Califrnian beaches?
A．Design cntests were held.B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded.D．Sand-themed pstcards were published.
Passage3
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team f scientists frm the Center fr Cgnitin and Sciality and the Data Science Grup at the Institute fr Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discvery abut hw cmputers and human brains wrk similarly when remembering things. They fund ut that the way artificial intelligence (AI) mdels, like thse in smart rbts, stre memries is a lt like hw ur brain’s memry center, called the hippcampus (海马体), des it. This part f the brain is really imprtant fr feelings and memries.
Understanding hw AI learns and keeps infrmatin is key t making it smarter. The scientists lked int hw ur brains learn and remember by fcusing n a special prcess invlving the NMDA receptr, a critical part f the hippcampus. This receptr wrks like a smart dr in ur brain that helps with learning and remembering. It pens when certain brain chemicals are present, allwing the cell t receive signals and create memries. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, nly letting substances in under the right cnditins.
Interestingly, the team fund that Transfrmer, a type f AI mdel, uses a similar “guarding” methd t manage its memry. They wndered if they culd make the Transfrmer’s memry better by cpying the brain’s prcess. By adjusting sme settings in the Transfrmer t mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memry dr, they imprved its ability t remember things lng-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect hw well we remember stuff.
This discvery is a big deal because it shws we can use what we knw abut the brain t make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neurscience (神经学) directr at the institute, mentined that this research was a big step frward fr bth AI and brain science. It pens up new ways t understand hw the brain wrks and t create mre advanced AI based n these insights.
S, in simple terms, scientists have figured ut that cmputers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar t us, which culd help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What des the term “NMDA receptr” in paragraph 2 mst likely refer t?
A．A type f cmputer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technlgy fr making cmputers run faster.
C．A cmpnent in AI mdels that predicts future events.
D．A part f the human brain invlved in learning and memry.
13．What did the team discver abut Transfrmer?
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memry prcess.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memry settings.
C．It uses a special methd t manage memry.
D．It requires adjustments t enhance lng-term memry.
14．What is the significance f the research findings accrding t C． Justin LEE?
A．It is a new apprach t memry rganizatin.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neurscience.
C．It is a methd fr imprving shrt-term memry in AI.
D．It is a breakthrugh in understanding AI emtinal prcessing.
15．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Explring the NMDA receptr in the brain.
B．Discussing implicatins f neurscience fr AI.
C．Cmparing cmputer and human memry prcesses.
D．Discvering similarities between AI and human memry.
Passage4
（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Gethermal (地热的) pwer generatin is ne f ur mst stable renewable energy resurces. Heat generated belw the Earth’s surface can prvide an almst unlimited supply t pwer and heat hmes. And while gethermal electricity nly accunts fr arund ne percent f glbal generatin, that is set t at least triple by 2050.
The Geysers in Califrnia is the wrld’s largest gethermal electricity cmplex. It prduces enugh electricity frm its 18 pwer plants fr 725,000 hmes, ttaling 20 percent f the state’s renewable energy. Superheated “dry steam” is channeled frm a large sandstne reservir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) mre than fur miles beneath the surface.
Heat is captured frm its passage thrugh the rck and the heated water cnverts int electricity. Cled water is then recycled and pumped back t gather mre heat. EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies will pen up many mre sites fr gethermal energy. “Yu can effectively put a pwer plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, directr f the Gethermal Resurces Cuncil. “All yu have t d is drill deep enugh and yu will find ht rck.”
Mst gethermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where ht water (at 360F r 180C) is drawn up, passed int lwer pressure tanks and flashed int steam t pwer a turbine (涡轮机). Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the grwth technlgy because they can perate at lwer water temperatures and mre diverse gegraphical lcatins. They use mderately ht water t heat a secndary fluid with a lwer biling pint—as lw as 135F—t drive turbines.
Gethermal plants already emit 11 times less carbn dixide per unit f electricity than the average US cal pwer plant. They can als perate 24 hurs a day t prvide a slid base lad fr hmes and businesses.
There are drawbacks t. Seismic activity arund drilling wells is a factr. High investment csts are anther. But the US gvernment is backing the sectr with multi-millin dllar funds t push frward advanced EGS research. Gethermal energy is set t play a big part in the lw-carbn electricity future.
8．What is the significance f EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies?
A．They have made gethermal energy less sustainable.
B．They have greatly reduced the need fr drilling in gethermal sites.
C．They allw fr mre efficient use f gethermal resurces.
D．They have pened up new methds f generating electricity frm water.
9．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．Pwer plants are nt affected by water.
B．Ht water is used t pwer a turbine directly.
C．Binary cycle plants are less restricted t sites.
D．A flash steam technique is a must in gethermal plants.
10．What des the authr think f gethermal pwer?
A．Perfect.B．limited .C．impractical.D．prmising.
11．What is the main idea f the article?
A．Businesses have been cmpeting t gain an advantage in gethermal pwer.
B．Gethermal pwer is likely t be a great chance t sustainable pwer.
C．Traditinal pwer has been replaced by gethermal pwer in America.
D．EGS technlgies have cme int widespread applicatin arund the wrld.
Passage5
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rgues (疯狗浪), called “extreme strm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerus waves that are at least twice as high as the ther waves arund them, accrding t the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA). These abnrmal waves, which happen every day and all ver the wrld, are highly unpredictable and can destry ships that meet with them.
Rgue waves appear t frm when large rugh waves pass thrugh ne anther, cmbining t frm huge walls f water, accrding t NOAA．Hwever, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ wrth f cean data including histrical recrds and data frm buys (浮标) in 158 lcatins arund the wrld, researchers have nw created a system fr predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a cmbinatin f many factrs that, until nw, have nt been cmbined int a single risk assessment,” said lead authr Din Häfner. Häfner and his c-wrkers mapped the factrs that may lead t rgue waves and used AI t make a single mdel that culd determine the likelihd that a rgue wave will frm.
The team trained a neural netwrk using histrical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes f rgue waves by itself and culd wrk t predict them. But the AI’s methds were hid in a black bx. This means scientists culdn’t knw hw the AI did its wrkings. S Häfner’s team applied anther frm f machine learning, which prduced an equatin (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single predictin, helping the researchers t understand hw the AI reached its predictins.
“Our analysis demnstrates that abnrmal waves ccur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in ur data set that can be defined as rgue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shws the sign f a rgue wave, Häfner added, and can better prtect ships frm being destryed as the sail arund the wrld. Ship cmpanies can use the device with the system t predict when and where rgue waves might arise t seek an alternative curse.
8．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By using an example.B．By giving a definitin.
C．By drawing a cmparisn.D．By making an assumptin.
9．What can the system d accrding t paragraph 2?
A．Mnitr huge sea creatures.B．Guide ships arund in the sea.
C．Prevent ruge waves frm ccurring.D．Frecast the hitting f rgue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage f the AI’s methds?
A．They aren’t visually available.B．They depend n t many factrs.
C．They make inaccurate predictins.D．They dn’t prcess data systematically.
11．Hw des Häfner find the system?
A．It requires mre field tests.B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further imprvement.D．It has a prmising future.
Passage6
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.
Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.
Last fall, researchers at the University f Texas at Austin increased such hpes fr earthquake predictin with a seven-mnth trial in China. In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part f an internatinal A．I.-design cmpetitin, ne f a few such events held in recent years t advance earthquake predictin technlgies.
Sergey Fmel, a gescientist at UT Austin and a member f the research team, says in a statement. “We’re nt yet clse t making predictins fr anywhere in the wrld, but what we achieved tells us that what we thught was an impssible prblem is slvable in principle.”
Additinally, machine learning culd help detect hidden patterns in data r cllect mre data t better infrm earthquake frecasting, Hutchisn writes fr MIT Technlgy Review. Fr example, sme researchers are shwing hw A．I. might use recrdings frm a specific seismic site t anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural netwrks t predict where aftershcks may ccur after an initial strike. And thers are using machine learning t identify and extract seismic waves—the vibratins that spread thrugh the earth during tectnic activity (构造活动)—frm ther nises in the grund.
12．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a cncept.B．T intrduce a new tpic.
C．T supply a summary.D．T prvide an example.
13．What made sme researchers ptimistic abut the earthquake frecasting?
A．The recent prgress in theries.B．The use f traditinal methds.
C．The increasing number f earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What d we knw frm the third paragraph?
A．The trial was cnducted by Chinese.B．The algrithm was ttally successful.
C．A．I. shws prmise in earthquake predictin.D．The A．I. cmpetitin nly fcused n earthquakes.
15．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability t EarthquakesB．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impssibility f Earthquake PredictinD．Internatinal Effrts t Predict Earthquakes
Passage7
（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Huddled in small grups arund laptps, 20 Brazilian teenagers are using an app t build a skill that’s vital t the future f their entire cmmunity. The teenagers belng t the Guarani indigenus (本地的) peple and they are fluent in speaking bth Prtuguese and their mther tngue, Guarani Mbya. But when it cmes t writing, they ften use Prtuguese as that’s what they were first taught t write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written frm at risk f disappearing. But since March f this year, they’ve been using an app t imprve their ability t write in Guarani Mbya. The app is part f a prject funded by IBM t create AI tls t help preserve and expand the use f indigenus languages in Brazil.
Of the 7,000 r s languages that exist in the wrld, abut a fifth are thught t be endangered, with the United Natins estimating that half f these will be extinct by 2100 — the majrity being indigenus languages. The mvement t prevent indigenus languages frm disappearing has prmpted a number f tech-centric language preservatin and expansin prjects. Fr example, in New Zealand, an app has been develped t cllect ral recrdings f indigenus languages acrss the regin t help speakers bst their everyday use f their native language.
But embracing technlgy and the desire t prtect culture and language are ften at dds in indigenus cmmunities, as Dr. Burbank has bserved. “A minrity grup that’s fighting t preserve a cunterculture (反主流文化) will create walls arund the culture t try nt t dilute (削弱) it, because the majrity culture is autmatically ging t wipe that culture ut,” says Dr. Burbank. While many f the indigenus cmmunities Dr. Burbank wrks with feel technlgy culd cntribute t that dilutin, she believes it can benefit indigenus cmmunities.
8．Guarani indigenus teenagers seldm write in Guarani Mbya because __________.
A．they were initially trained t use Prtuguese in writing
B．the written Guarani Mbya language is in danger f extinctin
C．they intend t break free frm their indigenus culture
D．Guarani Mbya makes it hard fr them t integrate int the utside wrld
9．Hw many languages are estimated t disappear by 2100?
A．Abut 7,000.B．Abut 3,500.C．Abut 1,400.D．Abut 700.
10．What des the underlined phrase “at dds” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cnfusable.B．Sensatinal.C．Cntradictry.D．Cnsistent.
11．What is the authr’s attitude tward using AI fr language preservatin?
A．Psitive.B．Unclear.C．Dubtful.D．Dismissive.
Passage8
（2024·河北保定·一模）Pliticians, business bsses, and ther types f leaders indeed tend t like speaking with their hands, but des the habit influence hw thers interpret thse wrds? T get t the bttm f it, a team f researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Psychlinguistics cnducted a series f experiments n vlunteers wh viewed vides f peple speaking with and withut hand mvements.
After shwing the vlunteers vides f peple speaking under different cnditins, the researchers asked them questins abut what they had heard. Sme cnditins invlved the speaker stressing different parts f wrds in a sentence. Other cnditins invlved the speaker making varius types f hand gestures, such as pinting and sweeping mvements. The team recrded the vlunteers as they viewed the vide recrdings, questining the vlunteers afterward abut what they had seen and heard.
Researchers fund that the vlunteers were mre affected by syllables (音节) spken with the cnjunctin f hand gestures: In 20 percent f the cases, the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, hwever, vlunteers were 40 percent mre likely t hear the wrng sund when a mismatch between the wrd spken and the hand gesture ccurred.
Bdy language expert Carl Gman said, “Studies have fund that speaking with yur hands really can change the view f yur character. Peple wh cmmunicate thrugh active gesturing tend t be cnsidered warm, agreeable, and energetic, while thse wh remain still are seen as lgical, cld, and analytic. In fact, a 2015 study that studied TED Talks, which psts internatinal talks nline, fund that the mst ppular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least ppular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an imprtant part f in-persn cmmunicatin that have a direct impact n what the listener hears. Furthermre, they suggest that ur respnses t hand gestures may be smething we learn as we grw up.
12．What’s the researchers’ purpse f ding the experiments?
A．T examine the vlunteers’ interpreting skills.
B．Test the effect hand gestures have n speaking.
C．T recrd the vlunteers’ questins fr the speaker.
D．T cnfirm the influence hand mvements have n leaders.
13．What did the researchers find in the experiments?
A．Hand mvements affected what the listener heard.
B．The speaker stressed different parts f wrds in a sentence.
C．Peple speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D．The mst ppular speakers used mre gestures than the least ppular speakers did.
14．What des the underlined wrd “cnjunctin” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Assistance.B．Cmbinatin.C．Disturbance.D．Interpretatin.
15．What may the researchers agree with?
A．Gestures can influence thers’ view n ne’s persnality.
B．Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C．In-persn cmmunicatin helps interpret gestures.
D．Respnses t gestures are learning behavir.
Passage9
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）D yu see a bird right nw? Can yu hear ne chirping? If s, yu might be getting a mental health bst. A study recently published in the jurnal Science fund that being in the presence f birds made peple feel mre psitive.
Andrea Mechelli, a psychlgist at King’s Cllege Lndn, fund himself studying the natural wrld accidentally. Initially he was searching fr answers t why peple wh lived in cities seemed t tend t suffer mental illness, particularly psychsis. In 2015, he created the smartphne app Urban Mind t search fr patterns in users’ envirnments. “Our first finding is that nature has a very pwerful effect,” says Mechelli. He and his clleagues then wndered if sme aspects f nature were mre beneficial than thers. They turned t birds fr their ubiquity (普遍存在) in rural and urban envirnments.
Their latest study included 1,292 participants mainly in the United Kingdm and Eurpe. Fr tw weeks, participants were prmpted t fill ut a questinnaire abut their surrunding envirnment and their mental state three times a day. Mechelli perfrmed a statistical analysis that fund an bvius imprvement in wellbeing when birds were present, even when eliminating ther factrs like the presence f trees r waterways. The mental health benefit was true bth fr peple wh disclsed a depressin diagnsis and thse withut any diagnsed mental health cnditins.
Peter James, an envirnmental health scientist at Harvard, wuld like t see mre data. He fund that envirnmental health studies like these lack diversity. Yet, a psychlgist at Trent University in Canada, Lisa Nisbet says, “This kind f study helps us understand hw peple’s everyday experience with specific elements f nature, such as birds, can be restrative.”
Appreciating birds seems t be a prmising avenue fr nature-based health and wellbeing interventins. At Mechelli’s clinical practice in Lndn, he fcuses n early interventin therapies. He suggests his patients g fr walks t bserve the trees and plants grwing in the city, and the bird fluttering by frm branch t branch. “It has n side effects,” he says. “It’s smething they culd try, and they have nthing t lse.”
8．What can be inferred abut Andrea Mechelli’s study?
A．Diverse envirnments are rewarding nly fr depressed peple.
B．The presence f birds is beneficial t mental health.
C．Peter James thught highly f Mechelli’s research.
D．It was riginally targeted at the research n birds.
9．What des the underlined wrd “eliminating” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Defeating.B．Identifying.
C．Cnsidering.D．Remving.
10．Which f the fllwing statement might Andrea Mechelli agree with?
A．Early interventin shws n significance.
B．The access t nature helps peple be mre cnfident.
C．Nature-based interventin functins well in mental health.
D．Peple’s daily experience is cnnected with mental prblems.
11．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Use Nature in Supprting Mental HealthB．Get Outside fr a Quicker Mental Recvery
C．Analyze Data t Make a Gd Treatment PlanD．Turn t Birds fr Better Understandings f Humans
Passage10
（2024·四川·模拟预测）In an era f digital technlgy, the art f writing by hand has slwly been dwngraded t a past entertainment. Hwever, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential t brain health and develpment, having multiple cgnitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we shuld reevaluate the ptential benefits it may have n ur mental capacities.
Accrding t numerus studies, writing by hand stimulates mre cmplex and diverse brain cnnectins essential fr encding new infrmatin and frming memries. Fr instance, a recent investigatin fund that brain cnnectivity patterns were far mre cmplicated and widespread fr participants wh wrte by hand cmpared t thse wh typed. Thus, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact n ur brain health.
Handwriting isn’t just gd fr ur brains health—it als has clear, practical benefits. Research has shwn that students wh take handwritten ntes scre significantly higher n quizzes, demnstrating imprved learning. This extends beynd the classrm t. Peple wh recrded infrmatin n paper calendars demnstrated mre brain activity and recalled infrmatin faster than thse wh used smartphnes. The act f handwriting, therefre, culd be a valuable tl fr students preparing fr exams and adults managing daily tasks.
Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been n the decline. Hwever, 25states in the US have reintrduced writing back int schl curriculums. This is a step in the right directin, as previus research has als indicated that handwriting is essential in children’s brain develpment. Preliterate (未识字的) children wh wrte by hand demnstrated brain activity in a circuit f the brain used in learning t read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cgnitive develpment.
It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the ptential t enhance ur brain health, learning, memry, and prblem-slving skills. As we cntinue t navigate the digital age, it is imprtant nt t verlk the value f this seemingly simple activity. S, the next time yu reach fr yur keybard, remember the benefits f picking up a pen instead.
12．What d peple usually think f handwriting at present?
A．It has becme an ld-fashined skill.B．It has many cgnitive benefits in life.
C．It has been replaced by digital devices.D．It has been a ppular entertainment.
13．What des the authr mainly shw abut handwriting in paragraph 3?
A．It is beneficial t brain health.B．It helps students scre higher n quizzes.
C．It stimulates diverse brain cnnectin.D．It has gd effects n learning and memry.
14．Why is previus research mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T make a cmparisn.B．T add further evidence.
C．T shw different pinins.D．T explain the brain activity.
15．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T illustrate a finding n handwriting.B．T emphasize the imprtance f handwriting.
C．T shw the wide applicatin f handwriting.D．T intrduce the artistic value f handwriting.
Passage1
【新课标Ⅰ卷】Is cmprehensin the same whether a persn reads a text nscreen r n paper? And are listening t and viewing cntent as effective as reading the written wrd when cvering the same material? The answers t bth questins are ften “n”. The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask while cnsuming digital cntent.
When reading texts f several hundred wrds r mre, learning is generally mre successful when it’s n paper than nscreen. A large amunt f research cnfirms this finding. The benefits f print reading particularly shine thrugh when experimenters mve frm psing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — t nes that require mental abstractin — such as drawing inferences frm a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related t paper’s physical prperties. With paper, there is a literal laying n f hands, alng with the visual gegraphy f distinct pages. Peple ften link their memry f what they’ve read t hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
But equally imprtant is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have prpsed a thery called “shallwing hypthesis (假说)”. Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt s serius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audi and vide all have educatinal rles, especially when prviding resurces nt available in print. Hwever, fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?
A Seem unlikely t last.B. Seem hard t explain.
C. Becme ready t use.D. Becme easy t ntice.
29. What des the shallwing hypthesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly.B. Digital texts are simpler t understand.
C. Peple select digital texts randmly.D. Digital texts are suitable fr scial media.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students' attentin.B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare.
C. They help develp advanced skills.D. They are mre infrmative than text.
31. What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students shuld apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers shuld prduce their wn teaching material.
C. Print texts cannt be entirely replaced in educatin.
D. Educatin utside the classrm cannt be ignred.
Passage2
【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic. “We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment,” said a BMF emplyee.
8. What can be learned abut BMF frm paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety f fd.B. It requires day-t-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-t-table distance.D. It relies n farmer’s markets.
9. What infrmatin des the cnvenient app ffer?
A. Real-time weather changes.B. Current cnditin f the plants.
C. Chemical pllutants in the sil.D. Availability f pre-seeded pds.
10. What can be cncluded abut BMF emplyees?
A. They have a great passin fr sprts.
B. They are devted t cmmunity service.
C. They are fnd f sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strng envirnmental awareness.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. BMF’s majr strengths.B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s glbal influence.D. BMF’s technical standards.
Passage3
【新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
Passage4
【新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astnishing ptential f AI t transfrm ur lives, we all need t take actin t deal with ur AI-pwered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan fr Living with Artificial Intelligence cmes in. This absrbing new bk by Catrina Campbell is a practical radmap addressing the challenges psed by the frthcming AI revlutin (变革).
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
As we sn cme t learn frm AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will becme mre capable, mving frm the current generatin f “narrw-AI” t Artificial General Intelligence. Frm there, Campbell says, will cme Artificial Dminant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set ut t raise awareness f AI and its future nw-several decades befre these develpments are expected t take place. She says it is essential that we keep cntrl f artificial intelligence, r risk being sidelined and perhaps even wrse.
Campbell’s pint is t wake up thse respnsible fr AI-the technlgy cmpanies and wrld leaders-s they are n the same page as all the experts currently develping it. She explains we are at a “tipping pint” in histry and must act nw t prevent an extinctin-level event fr humanity. We need t cnsider hw we want ur future with Al t pan ut. Such structured thinking, fllwed by glbal regulatin, will enable us t achieve greatness rather than ur dwnfall.
AI will affect us all, and if yu nly read ne bk n the subject, this is it.
12. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.D. If translated by smene unacademic.
13. What is a feature f AI by Design accrding t the text?
A. It is packed with cmplex cdes.B. It adpts a dwn-t-earth writing style.
C. It prvides step-by-step instructins.D. It is intended fr AI prfessinals.
14. What des Campbell urge peple t d regarding AI develpment?
A. Observe existing regulatins n it.
B. Recnsider expert pinins abut it.
C. Make jint effrts t keep it under cntrl.
D. Learn frm prir experience t slw it dwn.
15. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T recmmend a bk n AI.B. T give a brief accunt f AI histry.
C. T clarify the definitin f AI.D. T hnr an utstanding AI expert.
Passage5
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
Passage6
【2024全国甲卷】The Saint Lukas train desn’t accept passengers—it accepts nly the sick. The Saint Lukas is ne f five gvernment-spnsred medical trains that travel t remte twns in central and eastern Russia. Each stp lasts an average f tw days, and during that time the dctrs and nurses n bard prvide rural(乡村)ppulatins with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptins.
“Peple started queuing t make an appintment early in the mrning,” says Emile Ducke, a German phtgrapher wh traveled with the staff f the Saint Lukas fr a tw-week trip in Nvember thrugh the vast regins(区域)f Krasnyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serius need f mdernizatin. The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem, particularly in the prer, rural areas east f the Vlga River, including arranging dctr’s appintments by vide chat and expanding financial aid prgrams t mtivate dctrs t practice medicine in remte parts f the cuntry like Krasnyarsk.
The annual arrival f the Saint Lukas is anther attempt t imprve the situatin. Fr 10 mnths every year, the train stps at abut eight statins ver tw weeks, befre returning t the reginal capital t refuel and restck(补给). Then it starts all ver again the next mnth. Mst statins wait abut a year between visits.
Dctrs see up t 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allws fr basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the dctrs and their assistants wrking and living in such little space but still staying fcused and very cncerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance fr many rural peple t get the treatment they want. ”
8. Hw is the Saint Lukas different frm ther trains?
A. It runs acrss cuntries.B. It reserves seats fr the senirs.
C. It functins as a hspital.D. It travels alng a river.
9. What can we infer frm paragraph 3 abut Krasnyarsk?
A. It is heavily ppulated.B. It ffers training fr dctrs.
C. It is a mdern city.D. It needs medical aid.
10. Hw lng can the Saint Lukas wrk with ne supply?
A. Abut a year.B. Abut ten mnths.
C. Abut tw mnths.D. Abut tw weeks.
11. What is Ducke’s attitude tward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative.B. DubtfulC. Ambiguus.D. Cautius.
Passage7
【2024全国甲卷】“I didn’t like the ending,” I said t my favrite cllege prfessr. It was my junir year f undergraduate, and I was ding an independent study n Victrian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill n the Flss by Gerge Elit, and I was heartbrken with the ending. Prf. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me t think abut it beynd whether I liked it r nt. He suggested I think abut the difference between endings that I wanted fr the characters and endings that were right fr the characters, endings that satisfied the stry even if they didn’t have a traditinally psitive utcme. Of curse, I wuld have preferred a different ending fr Tm and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they gt did make the mst sense fr them.
This was an aha mment fr me, and I never thught abut endings the same way again. Frm then n, if I wanted t read an ending guaranteed t be happy, I’d pick up a lve rmance. If I wanted an ending I culdn’t guess, I’d pick up a mystery (悬疑小说). One where I kind f knew what was ging t happen, histrical fictin. Chsing what t read became easier.
But writing the end—that’s hard. It’s hard fr writers because endings carry s much weight with readers. Yu have t balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but desn’t seem t cme frm nwhere, ne that fits what’s right fr the characters.
That’s why this issue (期) f Writer’s Digest aims t help yu figure ut hw t write the best ending fr whatever kind f writing yu’re ding. If it’s shrt stries, Peter Muntfrd breaks dwn six techniques yu can try t see which ne helps yu stick the landing. Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters f five great nvels t see what key pints they include and hw yu can adapt them fr yur wrk.
This issue wn’t tell yu what yur ending shuld be—that’s up t yu and the stry yu’re telling—bu it might prvide what yu need t get there.
12. Why did the authr g t Prf. Gracie?
A. T discuss a nvel.B. T submit a bk reprt.
C. T argue fr a writer.D. T ask fr a reading list.
13. What did the authr realize after seeing Gracie?
A. Writing is a matter f persnal preferences.
B. Readers are ften carried away by character.
C. Each type f literature has its unique end.
D. A stry which begins well will end well.
14. What is expected f a gd ending?
A It satisfies readers’ taste.B. It fits with the stry develpment.
C. It is usually psitive.D. It is pen fr imaginatin.
15. Why des the authr mentin Peter Muntfrd and Elizabeth Sims?
A. T give examples f great nvelists.B. T stress the theme f this issue.
C. T encurage writing fr the magazine.D. T recmmend their new bks.
Passage8
Passage9
Passage10
2024年名校模拟题
Passage1
（2024·江苏南通·三模）In a recent study f healthy vlunteers, Natinal Institutes f Health researchers discvered that ur brains may replay memries f learning new skills when we rest.
NIH researchers have mapped ut the brain activity that flws when we learn a new skill, such as playing a new sng n the pian, and fund that during shrt rest the vlunteers’ brains rapidly and repeatedly replayed faster versins f the activity seen while they practiced typing a cde. The mre a vlunteer replayed the activity the better they perfrmed during subsequent practice sessins.
The study was cnducted at the NIH Clinical Center. The team f Dr. Chen, M.D．, senir investigatr at the NIH’s Natinal Institute f Neurlgical Disrders and Strke (NINDS), used a highly sensitive scanning technique t recrd the brain waves f 33 healthy, right-handed vlunteers as they learned t type a five-digit test cde with their left hands. The subjects sat in a chair and under the scanner’s lng, cne-shaped cap. An experiment began when a subject was shwn the cde “41234” n a screen and asked t type it ut as many times as pssible fr 10 secnds and then take a 10 secnd break. Subjects were asked t repeat this cycle f alternating (交替的) practice and rest sessins a ttal f 35 times.
During the first few trials, the speed at which subjects crrectly typed the cde imprved dramatically and then leveled ff arund the 11th cycle. In a previus study, Dr. Chen’s team shwed that mst f these gains happened during shrt rests, and nt when the subjects were typing. Mrever, the gains were greater than thse made after a night’s sleep and were related with a decrease in the size f brain waves, called beta rhythms. In this new reprt, the researchers searched fr smething different in the subjects’ brain waves.
“We wanted t explre the mechanisms (机制) behind memry strengthening seen during wakeful rest. Several frms f memry appear t rely n the replaying f neural (神经的) activity, s we decided t test this idea ut fr prcedural skill learning,” said Ethan R. Buch, Ph.D．, a staff scientist n Dr. Chen’s team and leader f the study. T d this, Dr. Buch develped a cmputer prgram which allwed the team t understand the brain wave activity assciated with typing each number in the test cde.
Interestingly, they fund that the mre a vlunteer replayed, the better their perfrmance was. “We were a bit surprised by these last results. Overall, ur results supprt the idea that the replay activity during waking rest may be a pwerful tl that researchers can use t help individuals learn new skills faster and pssibly facilitate recvery frm strke.” said Dr. Chen.
8．What have NIH researchers recently fund?
A．The brain activity slwly flws when we learn a new skill.
B．The value f shrt practice sessins can’t be verestimated.
C．Shrt rest makes n difference t the neural replay f the activity.
D．The frequency f brain replay cntributes t practice perfrmances.
9．What is mainly talked abut in Paragraph 3?
A．The prcess f the research.
B．The facilities f the research.
C．The applicatin f the research.
D．The preparatins f the research.
10．Why did Dr. Buch develp a cmputer prgram?
A．T distinguish the first 11 cycles frm the later nes.
B．T cnfirm the rle f neural replay in skill learning.
C．T explre the ptential effects f prcedural learning.
D．T find ut the reasns fr the changes in brain waves.
11．What des Dr. Chen think f the research findings?
A．Acceptable.
B．Prmising.
C．Shallw.
D．Dismissive.
Passage2
（2024·重庆·三模）In Oceanside, a castal suburb abut 40 miles nrth f San Dieg, the palm trees wave and the temperature is almst perfect. Teenagers watch surfers ride glassy waves. Every day it feels like the mst perfect summer day. There is just ne prblem: The sand is disappearing.
While many visitrs, and even lifelng Califrnians in the industrial state, might see wide areas f sand as part f the state’s natural beauty, the reality is that ver decades, the cast has becme a highly engineered wnder. Millins f cubic yards f sand dug frm ther parts has been added in the last century t build the pstcard-wrthy beach like the ne in Santa Mnica.
But a range f frces have shrunk beaches all alng Califrnia’s castline. Califrnia culd lse as much as 75% f its beaches by 2100, given the sea level rise related t climate change. Over time, beach sand gets s wept up int the water. Sme f it mves twards ther beaches. Besides, dams and cncrete canals have reduced the amunt f river sediment (沉淀物) flwing dwnstream that culd help fill beaches as a supplement (补充). If the shreline were allwed t evlve withut human interventin, the beaches culd cntinue t exist as we knw them. But in Califrnia, the develpment in many places alng the cast has created a hard barrier, disturbing that natural evlutin.
Over the years, lcal gvernments wrked tgether n a few majr sand supplement prjects. But thse, still, have prved t be fleeting slutins. “Everything we d is a shrt-term fix,” said Gary Griggers, a prfessr specializing in castal science. In recent years, as the sand’s disappearance grew mre extreme, lngtime Oceanside residents frmed an rganizatin called Save Oceanside Sand. A beach twn cannt exist withut a beach. Leaders here launched sme internatinal design cmpetitins, aiming at finding new ways f getting and keeping sand n the city’s beaches.
“It’s really a race. I think there’s abslutely nthing we can d t hld back the Pacific Ocean,” said Gairy Griggers.
8．What des the authr mean by mentining the engineered wnder?
A．Mst visitrs are engineers.B．Califrnia is an industrial state.
C．It’s the perfect hliday vacatin.D．The beach is artificially maintained.
9．What is a reasn fr the crisis f beaches alng Califrnia’s castline?
A．Sand supplement has been added.B．Sea level rise results in climate change.
C．Much river sediment is flwing dwnstream.D．Human interventin blcks the natural evlutin.
10．What des the underlined wrd “fleeting” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Efficient.B．Temprary.C．Sustainable.D．Cmplex.
11．Which f the fllwing was dne t preserve Califrnian beaches?
A．Design cntests were held.B．Dams and canals were built.
C．Man-made beaches were expanded.D．Sand-themed pstcards were published.
Passage3
（2024·山西·模拟预测）A team f scientists frm the Center fr Cgnitin and Sciality and the Data Science Grup at the Institute fr Basic Science (IBS) made an exciting discvery abut hw cmputers and human brains wrk similarly when remembering things. They fund ut that the way artificial intelligence (AI) mdels, like thse in smart rbts, stre memries is a lt like hw ur brain’s memry center, called the hippcampus (海马体), des it. This part f the brain is really imprtant fr feelings and memries.
Understanding hw AI learns and keeps infrmatin is key t making it smarter. The scientists lked int hw ur brains learn and remember by fcusing n a special prcess invlving the NMDA receptr, a critical part f the hippcampus. This receptr wrks like a smart dr in ur brain that helps with learning and remembering. It pens when certain brain chemicals are present, allwing the cell t receive signals and create memries. A specific element, magnesium, acts like a guard, nly letting substances in under the right cnditins.
Interestingly, the team fund that Transfrmer, a type f AI mdel, uses a similar “guarding” methd t manage its memry. They wndered if they culd make the Transfrmer’s memry better by cpying the brain’s prcess. By adjusting sme settings in the Transfrmer t mimic (模拟、模仿) the brain’s memry dr, they imprved its ability t remember things lng-term, just like adjusting magnesium levels can affect hw well we remember stuff.
This discvery is a big deal because it shws we can use what we knw abut the brain t make AI smarter. C． Justin LEE, a neurscience (神经学) directr at the institute, mentined that this research was a big step frward fr bth AI and brain science. It pens up new ways t understand hw the brain wrks and t create mre advanced AI based n these insights.
S, in simple terms, scientists have figured ut that cmputers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar t us, which culd help make them even smarter in the future.
12．What des the term “NMDA receptr” in paragraph 2 mst likely refer t?
A．A type f cmputer virus that attacks AI systems.
B．A new technlgy fr making cmputers run faster.
C．A cmpnent in AI mdels that predicts future events.
D．A part f the human brain invlved in learning and memry.
13．What did the team discver abut Transfrmer?
A．It directly mimics the brain’s memry prcess.
B．It is unaffected by changes in memry settings.
C．It uses a special methd t manage memry.
D．It requires adjustments t enhance lng-term memry.
14．What is the significance f the research findings accrding t C． Justin LEE?
A．It is a new apprach t memry rganizatin.
B．It is a crucial step in advancing AI and neurscience.
C．It is a methd fr imprving shrt-term memry in AI.
D．It is a breakthrugh in understanding AI emtinal prcessing.
15．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Explring the NMDA receptr in the brain.
B．Discussing implicatins f neurscience fr AI.
C．Cmparing cmputer and human memry prcesses.
D．Discvering similarities between AI and human memry.
Passage4
（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Gethermal (地热的) pwer generatin is ne f ur mst stable renewable energy resurces. Heat generated belw the Earth’s surface can prvide an almst unlimited supply t pwer and heat hmes. And while gethermal electricity nly accunts fr arund ne percent f glbal generatin, that is set t at least triple by 2050.
The Geysers in Califrnia is the wrld’s largest gethermal electricity cmplex. It prduces enugh electricity frm its 18 pwer plants fr 725,000 hmes, ttaling 20 percent f the state’s renewable energy. Superheated “dry steam” is channeled frm a large sandstne reservir heated by a large magma chamber (岩浆房) mre than fur miles beneath the surface.
Heat is captured frm its passage thrugh the rck and the heated water cnverts int electricity. Cled water is then recycled and pumped back t gather mre heat. EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies will pen up many mre sites fr gethermal energy. “Yu can effectively put a pwer plant anywhere,” said Will Pettit, directr f the Gethermal Resurces Cuncil. “All yu have t d is drill deep enugh and yu will find ht rck.”
Mst gethermal plants actually use a flash steam technique, where ht water (at 360F r 180C) is drawn up, passed int lwer pressure tanks and flashed int steam t pwer a turbine (涡轮机). Binary cycle (双元循环) plants are the grwth technlgy because they can perate at lwer water temperatures and mre diverse gegraphical lcatins. They use mderately ht water t heat a secndary fluid with a lwer biling pint—as lw as 135F—t drive turbines.
Gethermal plants already emit 11 times less carbn dixide per unit f electricity than the average US cal pwer plant. They can als perate 24 hurs a day t prvide a slid base lad fr hmes and businesses.
There are drawbacks t. Seismic activity arund drilling wells is a factr. High investment csts are anther. But the US gvernment is backing the sectr with multi-millin dllar funds t push frward advanced EGS research. Gethermal energy is set t play a big part in the lw-carbn electricity future.
8．What is the significance f EGS (enhanced gethermal systems) technlgies?
A．They have made gethermal energy less sustainable.
B．They have greatly reduced the need fr drilling in gethermal sites.
C．They allw fr mre efficient use f gethermal resurces.
D．They have pened up new methds f generating electricity frm water.
9．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．Pwer plants are nt affected by water.
B．Ht water is used t pwer a turbine directly.
C．Binary cycle plants are less restricted t sites.
D．A flash steam technique is a must in gethermal plants.
10．What des the authr think f gethermal pwer?
A．Perfect.B．limited .C．impractical.D．prmising.
11．What is the main idea f the article?
A．Businesses have been cmpeting t gain an advantage in gethermal pwer.
B．Gethermal pwer is likely t be a great chance t sustainable pwer.
C．Traditinal pwer has been replaced by gethermal pwer in America.
D．EGS technlgies have cme int widespread applicatin arund the wrld.
Passage5
（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rgues (疯狗浪), called “extreme strm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerus waves that are at least twice as high as the ther waves arund them, accrding t the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA). These abnrmal waves, which happen every day and all ver the wrld, are highly unpredictable and can destry ships that meet with them.
Rgue waves appear t frm when large rugh waves pass thrugh ne anther, cmbining t frm huge walls f water, accrding t NOAA．Hwever, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ wrth f cean data including histrical recrds and data frm buys (浮标) in 158 lcatins arund the wrld, researchers have nw created a system fr predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a cmbinatin f many factrs that, until nw, have nt been cmbined int a single risk assessment,” said lead authr Din Häfner. Häfner and his c-wrkers mapped the factrs that may lead t rgue waves and used AI t make a single mdel that culd determine the likelihd that a rgue wave will frm.
The team trained a neural netwrk using histrical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes f rgue waves by itself and culd wrk t predict them. But the AI’s methds were hid in a black bx. This means scientists culdn’t knw hw the AI did its wrkings. S Häfner’s team applied anther frm f machine learning, which prduced an equatin (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single predictin, helping the researchers t understand hw the AI reached its predictins.
“Our analysis demnstrates that abnrmal waves ccur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in ur data set that can be defined as rgue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shws the sign f a rgue wave, Häfner added, and can better prtect ships frm being destryed as the sail arund the wrld. Ship cmpanies can use the device with the system t predict when and where rgue waves might arise t seek an alternative curse.
8．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By using an example.B．By giving a definitin.
C．By drawing a cmparisn.D．By making an assumptin.
9．What can the system d accrding t paragraph 2?
A．Mnitr huge sea creatures.B．Guide ships arund in the sea.
C．Prevent ruge waves frm ccurring.D．Frecast the hitting f rgue waves.
10．What is the disadvantage f the AI’s methds?
A．They aren’t visually available.B．They depend n t many factrs.
C．They make inaccurate predictins.D．They dn’t prcess data systematically.
11．Hw des Häfner find the system?
A．It requires mre field tests.B．It has been widely used.
C．It needs further imprvement.D．It has a prmising future.
Passage6
（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半岛) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.
Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.
Last fall, researchers at the University f Texas at Austin increased such hpes fr earthquake predictin with a seven-mnth trial in China. In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part f an internatinal A．I.-design cmpetitin, ne f a few such events held in recent years t advance earthquake predictin technlgies.
Sergey Fmel, a gescientist at UT Austin and a member f the research team, says in a statement. “We’re nt yet clse t making predictins fr anywhere in the wrld, but what we achieved tells us that what we thught was an impssible prblem is slvable in principle.”
Additinally, machine learning culd help detect hidden patterns in data r cllect mre data t better infrm earthquake frecasting, Hutchisn writes fr MIT Technlgy Review. Fr example, sme researchers are shwing hw A．I. might use recrdings frm a specific seismic site t anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural netwrks t predict where aftershcks may ccur after an initial strike. And thers are using machine learning t identify and extract seismic waves—the vibratins that spread thrugh the earth during tectnic activity (构造活动)—frm ther nises in the grund.
12．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a cncept.B．T intrduce a new tpic.
C．T supply a summary.D．T prvide an example.
13．What made sme researchers ptimistic abut the earthquake frecasting?
A．The recent prgress in theries.B．The use f traditinal methds.
C．The increasing number f earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
14．What d we knw frm the third paragraph?
A．The trial was cnducted by Chinese.B．The algrithm was ttally successful.
C．A．I. shws prmise in earthquake predictin.D．The A．I. cmpetitin nly fcused n earthquakes.
15．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability t EarthquakesB．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impssibility f Earthquake PredictinD．Internatinal Effrts t Predict Earthquakes
Passage7
（2024·吉林长春·模拟预测）Huddled in small grups arund laptps, 20 Brazilian teenagers are using an app t build a skill that’s vital t the future f their entire cmmunity. The teenagers belng t the Guarani indigenus (本地的) peple and they are fluent in speaking bth Prtuguese and their mther tngue, Guarani Mbya. But when it cmes t writing, they ften use Prtuguese as that’s what they were first taught t write in, putting the Guarani Mbya language in its written frm at risk f disappearing. But since March f this year, they’ve been using an app t imprve their ability t write in Guarani Mbya. The app is part f a prject funded by IBM t create AI tls t help preserve and expand the use f indigenus languages in Brazil.
Of the 7,000 r s languages that exist in the wrld, abut a fifth are thught t be endangered, with the United Natins estimating that half f these will be extinct by 2100 — the majrity being indigenus languages. The mvement t prevent indigenus languages frm disappearing has prmpted a number f tech-centric language preservatin and expansin prjects. Fr example, in New Zealand, an app has been develped t cllect ral recrdings f indigenus languages acrss the regin t help speakers bst their everyday use f their native language.
But embracing technlgy and the desire t prtect culture and language are ften at dds in indigenus cmmunities, as Dr. Burbank has bserved. “A minrity grup that’s fighting t preserve a cunterculture (反主流文化) will create walls arund the culture t try nt t dilute (削弱) it, because the majrity culture is autmatically ging t wipe that culture ut,” says Dr. Burbank. While many f the indigenus cmmunities Dr. Burbank wrks with feel technlgy culd cntribute t that dilutin, she believes it can benefit indigenus cmmunities.
8．Guarani indigenus teenagers seldm write in Guarani Mbya because __________.
A．they were initially trained t use Prtuguese in writing
B．the written Guarani Mbya language is in danger f extinctin
C．they intend t break free frm their indigenus culture
D．Guarani Mbya makes it hard fr them t integrate int the utside wrld
9．Hw many languages are estimated t disappear by 2100?
A．Abut 7,000.B．Abut 3,500.C．Abut 1,400.D．Abut 700.
10．What des the underlined phrase “at dds” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cnfusable.B．Sensatinal.C．Cntradictry.D．Cnsistent.
11．What is the authr’s attitude tward using AI fr language preservatin?
A．Psitive.B．Unclear.C．Dubtful.D．Dismissive.
Passage8
（2024·河北保定·一模）Pliticians, business bsses, and ther types f leaders indeed tend t like speaking with their hands, but des the habit influence hw thers interpret thse wrds? T get t the bttm f it, a team f researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Psychlinguistics cnducted a series f experiments n vlunteers wh viewed vides f peple speaking with and withut hand mvements.
After shwing the vlunteers vides f peple speaking under different cnditins, the researchers asked them questins abut what they had heard. Sme cnditins invlved the speaker stressing different parts f wrds in a sentence. Other cnditins invlved the speaker making varius types f hand gestures, such as pinting and sweeping mvements. The team recrded the vlunteers as they viewed the vide recrdings, questining the vlunteers afterward abut what they had seen and heard.
Researchers fund that the vlunteers were mre affected by syllables (音节) spken with the cnjunctin f hand gestures: In 20 percent f the cases, the viewers were mre likely t have heard and interpreted the wrd spken with a hand gesture. Interestingly, hwever, vlunteers were 40 percent mre likely t hear the wrng sund when a mismatch between the wrd spken and the hand gesture ccurred.
Bdy language expert Carl Gman said, “Studies have fund that speaking with yur hands really can change the view f yur character. Peple wh cmmunicate thrugh active gesturing tend t be cnsidered warm, agreeable, and energetic, while thse wh remain still are seen as lgical, cld, and analytic. In fact, a 2015 study that studied TED Talks, which psts internatinal talks nline, fund that the mst ppular speakers used nearly twice as many gestures as the least ppular speakers used.”
The research team said that their findings suggest that hand gestures are an imprtant part f in-persn cmmunicatin that have a direct impact n what the listener hears. Furthermre, they suggest that ur respnses t hand gestures may be smething we learn as we grw up.
12．What’s the researchers’ purpse f ding the experiments?
A．T examine the vlunteers’ interpreting skills.
B．Test the effect hand gestures have n speaking.
C．T recrd the vlunteers’ questins fr the speaker.
D．T cnfirm the influence hand mvements have n leaders.
13．What did the researchers find in the experiments?
A．Hand mvements affected what the listener heard.
B．The speaker stressed different parts f wrds in a sentence.
C．Peple speaking with different hand gestures had different effects.
D．The mst ppular speakers used mre gestures than the least ppular speakers did.
14．What des the underlined wrd “cnjunctin” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Assistance.B．Cmbinatin.C．Disturbance.D．Interpretatin.
15．What may the researchers agree with?
A．Gestures can influence thers’ view n ne’s persnality.
B．Understanding gestures is a must in every language.
C．In-persn cmmunicatin helps interpret gestures.
D．Respnses t gestures are learning behavir.
Passage9
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）D yu see a bird right nw? Can yu hear ne chirping? If s, yu might be getting a mental health bst. A study recently published in the jurnal Science fund that being in the presence f birds made peple feel mre psitive.
Andrea Mechelli, a psychlgist at King’s Cllege Lndn, fund himself studying the natural wrld accidentally. Initially he was searching fr answers t why peple wh lived in cities seemed t tend t suffer mental illness, particularly psychsis. In 2015, he created the smartphne app Urban Mind t search fr patterns in users’ envirnments. “Our first finding is that nature has a very pwerful effect,” says Mechelli. He and his clleagues then wndered if sme aspects f nature were mre beneficial than thers. They turned t birds fr their ubiquity (普遍存在) in rural and urban envirnments.
Their latest study included 1,292 participants mainly in the United Kingdm and Eurpe. Fr tw weeks, participants were prmpted t fill ut a questinnaire abut their surrunding envirnment and their mental state three times a day. Mechelli perfrmed a statistical analysis that fund an bvius imprvement in wellbeing when birds were present, even when eliminating ther factrs like the presence f trees r waterways. The mental health benefit was true bth fr peple wh disclsed a depressin diagnsis and thse withut any diagnsed mental health cnditins.
Peter James, an envirnmental health scientist at Harvard, wuld like t see mre data. He fund that envirnmental health studies like these lack diversity. Yet, a psychlgist at Trent University in Canada, Lisa Nisbet says, “This kind f study helps us understand hw peple’s everyday experience with specific elements f nature, such as birds, can be restrative.”
Appreciating birds seems t be a prmising avenue fr nature-based health and wellbeing interventins. At Mechelli’s clinical practice in Lndn, he fcuses n early interventin therapies. He suggests his patients g fr walks t bserve the trees and plants grwing in the city, and the bird fluttering by frm branch t branch. “It has n side effects,” he says. “It’s smething they culd try, and they have nthing t lse.”
8．What can be inferred abut Andrea Mechelli’s study?
A．Diverse envirnments are rewarding nly fr depressed peple.
B．The presence f birds is beneficial t mental health.
C．Peter James thught highly f Mechelli’s research.
D．It was riginally targeted at the research n birds.
9．What des the underlined wrd “eliminating” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Defeating.B．Identifying.
C．Cnsidering.D．Remving.
10．Which f the fllwing statement might Andrea Mechelli agree with?
A．Early interventin shws n significance.
B．The access t nature helps peple be mre cnfident.
C．Nature-based interventin functins well in mental health.
D．Peple’s daily experience is cnnected with mental prblems.
11．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Use Nature in Supprting Mental HealthB．Get Outside fr a Quicker Mental Recvery
C．Analyze Data t Make a Gd Treatment PlanD．Turn t Birds fr Better Understandings f Humans
Passage10
（2024·四川·模拟预测）In an era f digital technlgy, the art f writing by hand has slwly been dwngraded t a past entertainment. Hwever, recent research suggests that this physical act is essential t brain health and develpment, having multiple cgnitive (认知的) benefits. It is time we shuld reevaluate the ptential benefits it may have n ur mental capacities.
Accrding t numerus studies, writing by hand stimulates mre cmplex and diverse brain cnnectins essential fr encding new infrmatin and frming memries. Fr instance, a recent investigatin fund that brain cnnectivity patterns were far mre cmplicated and widespread fr participants wh wrte by hand cmpared t thse wh typed. Thus, it is clear that handwriting has a distinct and significant impact n ur brain health.
Handwriting isn’t just gd fr ur brains health—it als has clear, practical benefits. Research has shwn that students wh take handwritten ntes scre significantly higher n quizzes, demnstrating imprved learning. This extends beynd the classrm t. Peple wh recrded infrmatin n paper calendars demnstrated mre brain activity and recalled infrmatin faster than thse wh used smartphnes. The act f handwriting, therefre, culd be a valuable tl fr students preparing fr exams and adults managing daily tasks.
Despite its clear benefits, handwriting has been n the decline. Hwever, 25states in the US have reintrduced writing back int schl curriculums. This is a step in the right directin, as previus research has als indicated that handwriting is essential in children’s brain develpment. Preliterate (未识字的) children wh wrte by hand demnstrated brain activity in a circuit f the brain used in learning t read, further strengthening the link between handwriting and cgnitive develpment.
It is clear that handwriting is a valuable activity that has the ptential t enhance ur brain health, learning, memry, and prblem-slving skills. As we cntinue t navigate the digital age, it is imprtant nt t verlk the value f this seemingly simple activity. S, the next time yu reach fr yur keybard, remember the benefits f picking up a pen instead.
12．What d peple usually think f handwriting at present?
A．It has becme an ld-fashined skill.B．It has many cgnitive benefits in life.
C．It has been replaced by digital devices.D．It has been a ppular entertainment.
13．What des the authr mainly shw abut handwriting in paragraph 3?
A．It is beneficial t brain health.B．It helps students scre higher n quizzes.
C．It stimulates diverse brain cnnectin.D．It has gd effects n learning and memry.
14．Why is previus research mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T make a cmparisn.B．T add further evidence.
C．T shw different pinins.D．T explain the brain activity.
15．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T illustrate a finding n handwriting.B．T emphasize the imprtance f handwriting.
C．T shw the wide applicatin f handwriting.D．T intrduce the artistic value f handwriting.
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