初中英语人教版（2024）八年级下册（2024）Section B学案设计

这是一份初中英语人教版（2024）八年级下册（2024）Section B学案设计，共16页。学案主要包含了单元词汇，单元重点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、单元词汇
二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲
Sectin B
【考点1】When wrk r schl is ver，what d yu d t pass the time？
【解析】
（1）pass 动词 过去式：passed
走过，通过，进过
I passed him in the street but he didn't say hell. 我在街上从他身旁进过，可他没打招呼。
②把递过，把...递给...
常见搭配：pass sb. sth = pass sth t sb.
Pass me the salt，please.
Pass the salt t me，please.
③(时间）推移，逝去，消磨，度过
Six mnths passed and we still had n news f them. 半年了，我们仍然没有他的消息。
Hw did yu pass the evening？你怎么打发那个晚上的？
④ 及格，合格
She hasn’t passed her driving test. 她还没通过驾考。
【拓展】pass还可做名词
a barding pass 登机牌
Yu need a pass t get int the factry. 你需要通行证才能进厂。
【考点2】Reading r listening t music can help us t calm dwn after a busy day.
【解析】
(1)动名词作主语
指动名词是由动词原形加 -ing 构成，它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征。当动名词在句子中承担主语这一成分时，就叫做动名词作主语。
①可以由动名词单独作主语，如
Swimming is gd fr yur health.
②动名词构成的短语作主语，如
Cllecting stamps frm different cuntries is a challenging but interesting task.
③用 it 作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的情况,
当动名词作主语的句子较长，或者为了避免句子头重脚轻时，常用“it”作形式主语，将真正的主语动名词后置。常见的句型有：
It is + n use/n gd/useless + ding sth
It is + a waste f time + ding sth
(2)动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的区别:
表达含义的侧重点不同：
动名词作主语通常表示抽象的、一般性的行为或经验；而动词不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的行为或未发生的动作。
例如“Reading alud is helpful fr learning languages.（大声朗读对学习语言有帮助）”，这里用动名词“Reading alud”作主语，强调的是大声朗读这种一般性的学习行为；
“T read this bk tnight is my plan.（今晚读这本书是我的计划）”，用动词不定式“T read this bk tnight”作主语，强调的是今晚具体要做的这一次读书的动作。
（3）主谓一致问题
动名词作主语时，无论其结构是动名词单独作主语还是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词都要用单数形式。
Playing cmputer games fr a lng time makes him feel tired.
【考点3】Physical hbbies , such as playing tennis r ding Yga，can help us t
keep fit.
【解析】
(1).such as 与 fr example的区别
核心区别：
fr example后接完整句子（需用逗号隔开，可放句首/中/末），such as后接名词/短语（无逗号，仅放被举例成分后）。
fr example：举例更独立，“比如”，例：I lve fruits—fr example, apples are my favrite.
such as：举例是整体的一部分，“像……这样的”，例：I lve fruits such as apples and bananas.

核心差异
We have several different lessns every day, such as Chinese, maths, English, and s n.
我们每天上不同的课，如语文，数学，英语等。
Jim is a kind persn, fr example, he ften helps thers in truble.
吉姆是一个好心人，例如，他经常帮助陷入困境的人。
(2). fit 常见用法：
作形容词，比较级fitter，最高级fittest
①合适的，适合的 常见搭配:be fit fr 适合... be fit t d sth
D yu think he is fit fr the jb？你认为他适合这项工作吗？
The huse are nt fit t live in.
②健康的，健壮的（尤指固定定期锻炼）
My family keep fit by walking 我家人通过散步来保持健康。
作动词，过去式：fitted 现在分词：fitting
①（形状，尺寸）合身，适合
I can’t find the clthes t fit me. 我找不到合身的衣服。
②可容纳，装进
Can yu fit ne mre persn in the car？你车上能再做一个人吗？
做名词,适合，合身 a gd fit 合身
【考点4】Instead，this Italian teenager finds it fun t make mbile phne apps.
【解析】
(1)instead和instead f的用法区分：
instead和instead f都可以译成“代替”，
区别是：instead只能单独使用，常位于句首或者句尾。instead f后面要跟名词、动名词、代词或者介词短语。
He is very tired, let me g instead.他很累，让我去吧。
Shall we have fish instead f eggs tday?我们今天不吃鸡蛋改吃鱼好吗？
（2）sb. find it +adj. t d sth. 某人发现做某事是，it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式，形容词作宾语补足语。
I fund it difficult t learn English well. 我发现学好英语很难。
拓展：当句子的 “真正宾语”（通常是不定式 t d、动名词 ding 或宾语从句）太长时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，用 it 代替真正宾语，放在谓语动词后，而真正宾语移到句子末尾。
I find it easy t learn English with study partners.（我发现和学习伙伴一起学英语很容易）（真正宾语为不定式）
He finds it fun prgramming in his free time.（他发现在空闲时间编程很有趣（真正主语为动名词）We think it a pity that he didn’t jin the English club.（我们认为他没加入英语俱乐部很遗憾。）（真正宾语为一个句子）
常有此用法的动词：
find（发现）、think（认为）、feel（觉得）、cnsider（认为）、make（使）、believe（相信）、regard（把…… 看作）等。
She thinks it imprtant t practice speaking every day.（她认为每天练习口语很重要。）
Luca makes it his hbby t make mbile phne apps.（卢卡把制作手机应用程序当作自己的爱好。）
【考点5】 He started prgramming when he was ten, after he read abut famus businessmen wh started ut as prgrammers
【解析】
1.start ut的用法：
①起初是；开始时是（表身份、状态的初始阶段）
常见搭配：start ut as + 身份
She started ut as a painter, but later she fell in lve with making mbile phne apps.（她起初是一名画家，但后来爱上了制作手机应用程序。）
②着手做；开始进行
常见搭配：start ut t d sth.
I started ut t learn English when I was 6 years ld.（我 6 岁时就开始学英语了。)
2.wh started ut as prgrammers，此句wh为一个关系代词，代替前面的businessman，为定语从句。
【考点6】His latest app allws peple arund the wrld t find study partners fr learning Italian.
【解析】
allw准许，允许 动词，过去式: allwed
allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人作某事
His parents wn’t allw him t stay ut late.
他父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。
allw ding sth 允许作某事
Our schl desn't allw using mbile phnes at schl.
【考点7】It gives me such a sense f achievement t see peple using the app.
【解析】
(1)sense
作名词，
①感觉官能（即视，听，嗅，味，触觉）五觉 a sense f smell 嗅觉 a sixth sense 第六感
②感觉，意识 a sense f humur 幽默感
作动词，感觉到，意识到，察觉出
He sensed smething mve in bushes. 他觉得灌木林里有什么东西动弹。
achievement 名词，成就，功绩
the greatest scientific achievement 最伟大的科技成就
【拓展】achieve 动词形式 实现，获得，达到
He finally achieved success. 他最终取得了成功。
【考点8】she liked it s much that she put it up n her bedrm wall
【解析】
的用法：
①s + 形容词（adj.） + that + 从句
The mbile phne app is s useful that many students use it t study.（这款手机应用如此实用，以至于很多学生用它学习）
②s + 副词（adv.） + that + 从句
He studies s hard that he always gets gd grades.（他学习如此努力，以至于总能取得好成绩。）
③s + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that + 从句（修饰单数名词）
It is s interesting a bk that I read it twice.（这是一本如此有趣的书，以至于我读了两遍。
④s + many/few + 可数名词复数 + that ... （修饰数量）
There were s many peple that we culdn't get in.（人太多了，我们进不去。）
s + much/little + 不可数名词 + that ... （修饰数量）
he has s much wrk that she has t wrk vertime.（她有这么多工作，以至于必须加班。）
put up的用法：
①张贴；公布（海报 / 通知 / 照片等）
She put up her favrite singer’s pht n the wall f her bedrm.（她把最喜欢的歌手照片贴在卧室墙上。
②举起；抬起（手 / 物品等）
put up ne’s hand（举手，固定搭配）
He put up his bag t prtect his head frm the rain.（他举起书包保护头部不被雨淋。）
③搭建；建造（帐篷 / 架子 / 房屋等）
We put up a tent by the lake when we went camping last weekend.（上周末露营时，我们在湖边搭起了帐篷。）
【考点9】That sunds fun, but I'm wrried abut nt being gd at it.
【解析】
1.wrry的用法：
作动词，过去式：wrried，现在分词:wrrying.
①不及物动词，wrry abut sth./sb.
结构：主语 + wrry abut + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词（ding）
He wrries abut failing the English exam, s he studies hard every day.（他担心英语考试不及格，所以每天努力学习）
She ften wrries abut her study partners in freign cuntries.(她经常担心国外的学习伙伴)
②作及物动词,wrry sb.（使某人担心）
结构：主语 + wrry + 宾语（人）
Yur late arrival wrried yur parents very much.（你迟到让父母非常担心。)
作名词
①不可数名词：wrry（担心；忧虑）
with wrry（带着忧虑）/withut wrry（无忧无虑）He faced the exam withut wrry because he prepared well.（他毫无忧虑地面对考试，因为准备充分。→ 学习话题）
②可数名词：wrries（烦心事；担忧的事，复数）
My main wrries are English grammar and speaking—s I practice every day.（我主要的烦恼是英语语法和口语，所以我每天练习。）
形容词形式：wrried
结构：be wrried abut sth./sb
I am wrried abut my English exam—can yu help me?（我担心我的英语考试，你能帮我吗？
【考点10】I shuld get ver my fear f failure and just try t have fun.
【解析】
（1）failure失败，失败的人或是事情，（机器，身体等）故障，失灵等
The success r failure f the plan depends n yu. 计划的成功取决于你。
She died f heart failure. 她死于心脏衰竭。
【拓展】fail 动词，失败，未能做到，不及格 常见搭配： fail t d sth 未能作到某事，做某事失败
He failed t get int art cllege. 他未能进入艺术学院。
Hw many students failed last term？ 上个学期，多少学生不及格？
（2）have fun 玩的开心，相当于have a gd time
have fun (in) ding sth 做某事很开心
The children had great fun (in) playing with snw.
【考点11】One f the peple wh inspires me the mst is my dance __
【解析】
inspire 作动词，过去式：inspired 现在分词：inspiring
核心含义有两个：
激励；鼓舞（使某人有动力做某事）；
启发；赋予灵感（使某人产生想法、创意）
名词：inspiratin（灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 事）；
形容词：inspired（受激励的；有灵感的，修饰人）
inspiring（令人激励的；鼓舞人心的，修饰事物
①inspire sth.（产生 / 激发某物)
The beautiful scenery during the trip inspired many f his pems.（旅行中的美景激发了他的很多诗作。)
②inspire sb. t d sth.（激励 / 启发某人做某事）
The famus prgrammer’s stry inspired him t learn prgramming.（那位著名程序员的故事启发他学习编程）
【考点12】I didn't want t talk t my instructr abut it because he seemed very strict.
【解析】
(1)seem 动词，好像，似乎，看来
seem +adj, 似乎，好像
Yu seem happy. 你似乎很高兴
seem t d sth 似乎，好像
My mther seems t like yu. 我妈妈似乎喜欢你。
It seems/seemed that 似乎...，好像...
It seems that they knw what they are ding. 看来，他们知道自己在干什么。
④seem like 好像，似乎
It seemed like a gd idea at the time. 当时，似乎是一个好主意。
（2）strict 形容词，严厉的，严格的
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
Lily's parents are very strict with her. 丽丽的父母对她要求十分严格。
be strict abut sth 对某事要求严格 be strict in sth. 较少用
My parents want me t study hard and are strict abut my hmewrk. 我父母希望我能努力学习并对我的作业要求很严。
过关检测
一.单项选择
1.--- Why d yu learn painting as yur hbby?
--- Because it can help me _____ stress.
create B. reduce C. imprve D. calm
2.--- Wuld yu please _____ the salt t me?
---OK, here it is.
A pass B brrw C develp D believe
3._______ is a gd way t relax in yur free time.
A. Listen t music B. Listening t music C. Listens t music D. T listening t music
4.We need t ______ a sign t tell peple nt t swim in the river.
A. take up B. get up C. put up D. put dwn
5.---Can we bring mbile phnes t schl?
---N. Our schl desn't allw ______ mbile phnes at schl.
A using B used C use D uses
6.Thank yu fr giving me sme________，it’s useful t slve the prblem.
A.suggestins B.suggest C. suggestin D.advices
7. It is sunny tmrrw，and I will ride my bike ________taking the bus.
A instead B instead f C replace D rather
8.There are many kinds f pllutin,________,nise is a kind f pllutin.
A. like B. such as C. fr example D s far
9. There are_______students in ur schl and ______f them are girls.
A. hundreds f, tw hundred B. hundred f, tw hundreds
C. hundreds f, tw hundreds D hundred f tw hundred
10.--- As lng as yu aplgize(道歉） sincerely,she will prbably frgive （原谅）yu
--- ________! I will talk t her later.
A Yu are right B Yu are welcme C Dn’t mentin it D Gd deal
二 单词填空
1.The children are at different s_______(阶段）f develpment.
2.There are s many _______(严格的，严厉的）rules fr us t fllw.
3. She feared the _______(失败）in exams.
4. He decided t learn a _______(国外的）language.
5. His wife want t i_______(激励）his husband t write a pem fr her.
6. Sme t______(青少年的）magazines are n the table.
He has been cllecting ______(邮票）since he was eight.
Yu can be a ____ (程序设计人员）if yu are interested IT technlgies.
The shelves were filled with ____ （物体）f all shapes and sizes.
I didn’t fail the exam，in fact I did r_ （相当）well.
完形填空
Nt nly adults but als teenagers have prblems in their life. Here is a survey shwing the main prblems f 1 .
They feel stressed because they have 2 hmewrk t d bth at schl and at hme. They have lts f exams 3 . And parents usually send them 4 different classes at weekends. As a result, s many f them almst becme bkwrms(书虫).
On hlidays, they culd hardly have 5 time t d what they are interested in. Nw mre and mre teenagers 6 shrt-sighted(近视）. They ften read in bed r keep 7 fr a lng time withut having a rest. Sme f them are crazy abut playing cmputer games. Sme 8 t much watching TV. 9 serius prblem amng teenagers is that many f them are becming fat. They eat t much junk fd, but they take little exercise.
I think teenagers shuld think f ways n hw t 10 the prblem. They shuld make a plan fr study and hbbies and find time t relax as much as pssible.
1.A. adultB. adultsC. teenagerD. teenagers
2.A. t manyB. t muchC. much tD. many t
3.A. jinB. t be takenC. t takeD. t jin
4.A. tB. frC. fD. in
5.A. ur wnB. their wnC. his wnD. they wn
6.A. gettingB. are gettingC. gtD. are becme
7.A. redB. readC. t readD. reading
8.A. payB. cstC. spendD. take
9.A. AntherB. OtherC. OthersD. Sme
10.A. ding withB. d withC. dealing withD. deal with
三. 阅读理解
A
Many peple have hbbies. Sme like reading, sme enjy swimming, and thers lve painting. My hbby is gardening. I think it is a fun and relaxing activity.
I started gardening with my grandmther tw years ag. She has a small garden in her backyard. At first, I just helped her water the plants. Nw, I have my wn little crner in the garden. I grw flwers like sunflwers and rses. I als grw sme vegetables, such as tmates and carrts.
Gardening is nt very difficult, but it needs patience. I water my plants every day. I als need t remve weeds and make sure the plants get enugh sunlight. Smetimes, insects eat the leaves, s I have t find natural ways t keep them away.
I feel very happy when I see the flwers blm r when I can eat the vegetables I grw. Gardening teaches me abut nature and the imprtance f hard wrk. It makes me feel clse t the earth. I lve spending time in my garden. It is my favrite thing t d after schl.
What is the writer's hbby?
A. Reading B. Swimming C. Gardening D. Painting
Wh did the writer start gardening with?
A. Her mther B. Her teacher C. Her friend D. Her grandmther
What des the writer NOT d fr her plants?
A. Water them every day. B. Remve weeds.
C. Make sure they get enugh sunlight. D. Use strng chemicals t kill insects.
Hw des the writer feel when she sees the flwers blm?
A. Sad and tired. B. Happy and excited. C. Bred and impatient. D. Angry and wrried.
Put these events in the crrect rder accrding t the passage.
a. The writer has her wn crner in the garden.
b. The writer helped her grandmther water plants.
c. The writer grws flwers and vegetables.
A. a-b-c B. b-a-c C. c-b-a D. b-c-a
B
Running is becming ppular these days. Many f us run fr health. Dctrs say many health prblems cme frm these bad habits: eating and drinking t much, smking, and nt taking enugh exercise. Dctrs tell us, "Eat and drink less, dn't smke, and exercise mre."
Running is a gd frm f exercise because it helps build a strng heart. It als helps mst peple lse weight. One 68-year-ld wman runs three times a week. "I lve eating," she says. She runs t lse weight.
Running is gd fr health in ther ways, t. Many runners say running keeps away clds and ther small health prblems away. "Running is my dctr," says ne man.
Running can als help peple t relax. S tday men and wmen f all ages enjy running.
6. Many peple enjy running because they want t .
A. eat muchB. keep healthyC. run fastD. waste time
7. Dctrs tell us .
A. nt t smke B. nt t exercise C. t drink muchD. t eat much
8. The underlined wrd means " " in Chinese.
A. 疾病B. 体重C. 速度D. 健康
9. The third paragraph shws .
A. running helps peple t relax
B. peple wh like running have many health prblems
C. running helps build a strng heart
D. peple wh like running have fewer health prblems
10. The writer mainly tells us .
A. hw t run
B. hw t lse weight
C. running is a gd way t keep healthy
D. running is better than dctr
参考答案
短语
1 reduce stress 2 learn a new skill 3 be gd fr 4 pass the time 5 calm dwn
6 physical hbbies 7 keep fit 8 fr example 9 at the same time
10 make mbile phne apps 11 a sense f achievement 12 put up
13 dream f 14 in the future 15 take up 16 be gd at
17 discver yur creative side 18 get ver my fear 19 s far 20 hundreds f
21 n stage 22 after all 23 g t the cinema
过关检测
一 单项选择
1-5 BABCA 6 ABCAA
二 单词填空
1 stages 2 strict 3 failure 4 freign 5 inspire 6 teenage 7 stamps 8 prgrammer 9 bjects 10 rather
三 完型填空
1-5DBCAB 6-10 BDCAD
四 阅读理解
A篇 1-5 CDDBB
B篇 6-10 B A B D C
单词
Sectin B
1. v. 减少
2. n. 精神压力，紧张
3. n. 瑜伽
4. n. 物品，宾语
5. n. 教练，指导者
6. adj. 意大利的，意大利人的，意大利语的 n. 意大利人，意大利语
7. n.程序设计员
8. v. 使...成为可能，允许
9. n. 感觉，感官
10. n. 成就
11. n. 硬币
12. n.邮票
13. adj. 青少年的
14. n. 明信片
15. adv. 相当，更准确地说
16. adj. 过时的，守旧的
17. adj. 外国的，国外的
18. n.建议，提议
19. n. 失败
20. v. 激励，鼓舞
21. adj. 严厉的，严格的
22. adv. 出人意料地，惊人地
23. n. 舞台，阶段
24. adv. 重要地
短语
Sectin B
1. 缓解压力，减少压力
2. 学习一项新技能
3. 对有好处
4. 消磨时间，打发时间
5. 冷静，镇定
6. 体力爱好，身体运动类爱好
7. 保持健康
8. 比如，例如
9. 同时
10. 制作手机应用程序
11. 成就感
12. 张贴，建造, 举起
13. 梦想，想象
14. 未来，将来
15. 开始从事，开始做，占据
16 擅长，善于
17. 发现你创造性的一面
18. 克服我的恐惧
19. 到目前为止
20. 数以百计的
21. 在舞台上
22. 毕竟
23. 看电影
24. 看功夫电影
25. 听音乐
26. 担忧，担心
27. 全家外出游玩
对比维度
fr example
such as
引出内容
一个完整的句子或具体实例
名词或名词性短语
位置灵活性
非常灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末
相对固定，必须紧跟在其所说明的概括性词语之后
逗号使用
通常需要逗号与主句隔开（作为插入语）
其后一般不加逗号
核心功能
举例论证一个观点或情况
罗列同类事物中的几个例子