中考英语一轮复习——动词专题（学案）

这是一份中考英语一轮复习——动词专题（学案），共10页。

被动语态的的基本用法
主动与被动
主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
请对比分析下列主动句和被动句：
主动语态：I watched a ftball match n TV last night. →
被动语态：A ftball match n TV was watched by me last night.
基本方法总结：
宾变主：即把主动语态句子的宾语(连同宾语的定语)变为被动语态句的主语，放在被动句句首。（如果原主动语态句的宾语为代词宾格形式，变为被动语态句主语时应变为主格形式）
谓变被：把主动语态句子的谓语结构变为被动语态句的谓语结构(be+dne)，这时要注意：被动语态谓语动词要与主语单复数保持一致，副词一般放在谓语结构中过去分词之前。
主变宾，前加by：把主动语态句主语放在被动语态句谓语部分之后，前加介词by(主格代词应该变为宾格代词)。
状不变：一般状语结构不作变化，原样放在句末或句首。
被动语态的用法
（2024·甘肃省临夏州·中考真题） Many trees ________ every year t prtect the envirnment.
A. plant B. are planted C. were planted D. have planted
（2024·河北·统考中考真题）Emma gt excited when her writing ________ as a mdel in class.
A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read
（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—What language ________ in Germany?
—Mst peple speak German, but many can speak English, t.
A. speak B. is spken C. is speaking D. speaks
（2023·北京·统考中考真题）The park is getting mre and mre beautiful because mre kinds f flwers ________ every year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted
（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Mnkey King is a traditinal Chinese character. It ________ by peple f all ages.
A. is lved B. was lved C. will lve D. is lving
（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day fr peple aged ver 60 fr free in this village.
A. prvidesB. prvidedC. is prvidedD. was prvided
（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Cmputers have had a great influence n learning methds since they ________ int schls.
A. intrduceB. intrducedC. are intrducedD. were intrduced
不同时态被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构：be+过去分词
(通过be动词体现时态变化，并且be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。)
（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few pen questins in Ms. Li’s class, did yu ntice that?
—Yes, I think she wanted t train their ability f creative thinking.
are askedB. were asked
will be askedD. shuld be asked
（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）—The envirnment f this twn is better nw.
—That’s because lts f trees ________ here many years ag.
A. are plantedB. were plantedC. will be planted
（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back t China n April 27th, 2023.
A. is brughtB. was brughtC. will be brught
（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Sme phts f the mn ________ in the Space Club next week.
A. shwsB. is shwingC. were shwnD. will be shwn
（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The 18th China Internatinal Alchlic Drinks Exp (CIADE) ________ in Luzhu frm April 13th t April 16th, 2023.
A. was heldB. is heldC. will be heldD. has been held
（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech n rbts ________ in the schl hall next Friday afternn.
A. is given B. will be given C. was given D. has been given
（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）It’s said that tea ________ by accident abut five thusand years ag.
A. was inventedB. is inventedC. will be inventedD. were invented
（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything prduced in the wrld ________ n the streets f Chang’an.
A. is fundB. has been fundC. will be fundD. culd be fund
主动形式表示被动含义
—Have yu mved in the new huse?
—N. It needs ________.
A. cleaned B. cleaning C. t clean D. being cleaned
This kind f clth ________ well but ________ shrt.
A. is washed; lasts B. washes; is lasted C. washes; lasts D. is washed; is lasted
The bk is nt interesting enugh ________.
A. t be publishing B. t publish C. publish D. published
The ld man is easy ________.
A. t get alng B. t get alng with C. t be gt alng D. t be gt alng with
The light music ________ gd. Wuld yu like t listen t it?
A.is sunded B.sunds C.was sunded D.sund
不能使用被动语态的情况
The new bed ________ very hard, I culdn't sleep well last night.
A.feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. felt
We all hpe that the Wrld Cup will ________ in ur cuntry in the near future.
A.hld B. be happened C. take place D. be taken place
The cakes in the restaurant ________, s they ________ well.
are tasted better; are sld B. are tasted gd; sell
taste well; are sld D. taste gd; sell
—It's time t d yur hmewrk, Jack.
—Yes, Mum. I'll turn ff the TV as sn as the ftball match ________.
A.ends B.is ended C.will be ended D.will end
The palace caught fire three times in the last century and little f the riginal building ________ nw.
A. remains B.is remained C.is remaining D.has been remained中考考点
考查频率
新课标要求
被动语态的基本用法
★★★★★
理解被动语态表达的语义功能，掌握其与主动语态区别，能准确识别和运用被动语态。
不同时态被动语态的结构形式
★★★★★
掌握被动语态"be+过去分词"的核心结构，熟练运用各种时态和情态动词的被动形式。
主动表被动的情况
★★★
理解特定动词用主动形式表达被动含义的特殊用法，掌握常见的主动表被动结构。
不使用被动的情况
★★★★
掌握不及物动词、系动词、特定动词短语等不能用于被动语态的情况，避免误用。
被动语态是中考英语的重要考点，整体在中考英语中占分比重约为 8%-12%，因地区和试卷结构而异。从题型来看，单项选择常考查被动语态的基本结构和时态变化；语法填空和词语运用可能涉及被动语态的结构转换；书面表达中要求能适当运用被动语态使表达更加地道。
被动语态
动词语态的概述
主动语态
被动语态
被动语态的用法
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。
突出承受者或广告，用被动语态错不了。
被动语态的构成
“be+过去分词 (be动词体现时态等变化）
主动语态变被动语态的方法
宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键。
过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by后见。
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系
主动语态
表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者
He wrte a nvel. (主语he是动作wrte的执行者)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者
The classrm was cleaned by him yesterday.
(主语the classrm是动作的承受者)
主动语态变被动语态的口诀
宾语提前主语变，
时态人称be关键。
过去分词勿变错，
原主变宾by后见。
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
The bk was published in 2005.
（2）强调动作的承受者
Eight hurs per day fr sleep must be guaranteed.
（3）出于委婉或礼貌等原因，避免提及动作执行者
We are given a lt f hmewrk t d.
（4）文章标题、广告或新闻中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态
Girls Wanted. (招女工；广告用语，省略了are)
Rad Blcked. (道路阻塞；广告用语，省略is)
（5）被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者”引出
The windw was brken by Jack last night.
常用时态
被动结构
例句
一般现在时
am/ is/are+过去分词
These bks are designed fr children.
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
A lt f flwers were planted alng the street last mnth.
一般将来时
will/shall be+过去分词
am/is/are ging t be+过去分词
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternn.
现在进行时
am/is/are+being+过去分词
A new railway is being built.
过去进行时
was/were+being+过去分词
The rad was being widened when I passed by the village.
现在完成时
have/has been+过去分词
The wrk has been finished n time.
含情态动词
can/may/must等情态动词+be+过去分词
Bks can’t be taken ut f the reading rm .
表示主语的性质、特征的动词，如： read, sell, wash, write等
The clth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。
感官动词，如：smell, feel, taste, lk, sund等
This piece f music sunds gd. 这段音乐听起来不错。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，如：need, want, require, wrth等
need ding = need t be dne
The bike needs repairing.
= The bike needs t be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理。
“主语+be+adj.+t d”结构中，t d用主动形式表达被动含义
The questin is easy t answer. 这个问题容易回答。
不及物动词及不及物动词短语无被动，如：appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持续), happen, take place, break ut, break dwn, belng t, cme ut等
A fire brke ut during the night.昨晚发生了火灾。
系动词无被动，如：be, feel, sund, lk, smell, taste等
Althugh he is 50 years ld, he lks yung. 尽管他已经50多岁了，但是他看上去很年轻。
某些静态动词无被动，如：have, lack, fit, suit, benefit, cntain等
My shes dn’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。
反身代词或相互代词作宾语的句子不能用被动语态
We have helped each ther fr ver tw years. 我们相互帮助有两年多了。