2022年中考英语语法专题之被动语态（含答案）学案

这是一份2022年中考英语语法专题之被动语态（含答案）学案，共10页。学案主要包含了即学即练等内容，欢迎下载使用。


被动语态
动词语态的概述
被动语态的用法
被动语态的构成
主动语态变被动语态
语法精讲
知识点一
动词语态的概述
【即学即练】
找到下列句子的主语，并判断是动作的执行者还是承受者。
1. Smene met him at the statin this mrning.
主语：___________，是_________(动作的执行者还是承受者).
2. He was met at the statin this mrning.
主语：___________，是_________(动作的执行者还是承受者).
知识点二
被动语态的用法
知识点三
被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本结构：be+过去分词
(通过be动词体现时态变化，并且be必须与主语的人称和数相一致。)
【即学即练】
一、用所给动词的恰当形式填空
1. Rice _________ (grw) in ur hmetwn every year.
2. The fire ________ (put) ut by the firemen tw minutes ag.
3. He must __________ (take) t hspital.
4. Many peple ___________ (invite) t ur shw tmrrw.
5. A new library __________ (build) already.
知识点四
主动语态变为被动语态
1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法
请分析下列主动句和被动句：
主动语态：I watched a ftball match n TV last night.
被动语态：A ftball match n TV was watched by me last night.
【即学即练】
将下列句子变为被动句
1. They speak English in Canada.
________________________________________________________________
2. The gvernment built the nature reserve last year.
________________________________________________________________
3. They are making cmputers in the USA.
________________________________________________________________
4. They have grwn rice in Suth China.
________________________________________________________________
5. We must plant mre trees next year.
________________________________________________________________
2. 带双宾语的主动句变被动句
【即学即练】
将下列句子变为被动句
1. He tld us a stry.
1) ___________________________________________________________
2) ___________________________________________________________
2. Helen shwed me a pht.
1) ___________________________________________________________
2) ___________________________________________________________
3. My father bught me a watch yesterday.
1) ___________________________________________________________
2) ___________________________________________________________
3. 含复合宾语的主动句变被动句
【即学即练】
1. Mther never lets me watch TV. (变为被动句)
______________________________________________________
2. We ften hear her sing in the classrm. (变为被动句)
______________________________________________________
3. We saw them playing ftball n the playgrund. (变为被动句)
______________________________________________________
4. They ______ day and night.
A. are made wrk B. are made t wrk
C. made t be wrked D. are making t wrk
4. 短语动词的被动形式
【即学即练】
1. We shuld make full use f the gd chance.(将下列句子变为被动句)
______________________________________________________
2. The bss turned dwn his request. (将下列句子变为被动句)
______________________________________________________
3. The children _______ by the nurse.
A. were lked B. lked after C. were lked after D. lked
巩固提升
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. It's said(据说) that the lng bridge______________（build）in tw mnths．
2. Much fd ____________ (waste) here last year.
3. Which language __________the mst widely_________（speak）in the wrld？
4. The lst by_____________（nt find）s far．
5. Last year a large number f trees______________（cut）dwn．
6. The ld man is ill. He ____________ (must send) t the hspital.
7. Can the magazine ____________ (take) ut f the library?
二、句型转换
1. Water cvers mst f the earth’s surface. (改为被动语态)
Mst f the earth’s surface _________ __________ __________by water.
2. The by eat tw bananas each day. (改为被动语态)
Tw bananas _________ ___________ by the by each day.
3. The pstman brings sme newspapers t my hme every week. (改为被动语态)
Sme newspapers _______ ______ t my hme every week by the pstman.
4. We celebrate the Spring Festival every year.(改为被动语态)
The Spring Festival __________ __________ ____________ us every year.
5. My parents dn’t use silver chpsticks.(改为被动语态)
Silver chpsticks __________ __________ __________ by my parents.
三、单项选择
1. --- Excuse me, sir, smking ____ in the gas statin.
--- Oh, I’m awfully srry.
A. desn’t allw B. is allwed
C. aren’t allwed D. isn’t allwed
2. Hangzhu _____ as the City f Silk. Turists like shpping fr silk there.
A. knws B. is knwnC. was knwnD. will be knwn
3. --- Why are yu leaving yur jb?
---I can't stand it any lnger. I ___ always ____ t wrk vertime.
A. am; asking B. am; asked C. was; asking D. was; asked
4. --- Yur bedrm is s clean.
--- Of curse. It ___ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
5. --- Waiter, a glass f range juice, please.
--- Srry. Orange juice ___ nly fr breakfast.
A. will serve B. serves C. is served
6. A baby’s first mnth birthday is a special event in China and ____ with a special party.
A. is celebrated B. is celebrating
C. was celebrated D. celebrates
7.--- What tls ______ t make paper cutting?
--- Scissrs.
A. are used B. used C. will use D. use
8. English is widely ______ thrughut the wrld.
A. speak B. speaking C. spken D. t speak
9.（--- I want t teach in the pr cuntryside f Qinghai when I graduate frm the cllege.
--- Me, t. Teachers ______ very much there.
A. need B. are needingC. are needed D. needed
10. The mbile phne ______ in 1973.
A. invents B. is invented C. invented D. was invented
A. is designed B. designs C. was designed D. designed
四、用被动语态造句。
1. 我国每年种植了非常多的树木。
2.全世界都在讲英语。
3. 消防员两分钟前扑灭了大火。
4. 每年人们都浪费了些粮食。
5. 电脑发明于20世纪。
_____________________________________________________________________
课堂归纳
学生易错点整理：
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系
主动语态
表示主语是动作的执行者或发出者
He wrte a nvel.
(主语he是动作wrte 的执行者)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者
The classrm was cleaned by him yesterday.
(主语the classrm 是动作的承受者)
1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁
The bk was published in 2005.
2. 强调动作的承受者
Eight hurs per day fr sleep must be guaranteed.
3. 出于委婉或礼貌等原因，避免提及动作执行者
We are given a lt f hmewrk t d.
4. 文章标题、广告或新闻中，常用省略助动词be的被动语态
Girls Wanted. (招女工；广告用语,省略了are)
Rad Blcked. (道路阻塞；广告用语,省略is)
5. 被动语态中的执行者常常由“by+执行者 ”引出
The windw was brken by Jack last night.
常用时态
被动结构
例句
一般现在时
am/ is/ are+过去分词
These bks are designed fr children.
一般过去时
was/were+过去分词
A lt f flwers were planted alng the street last mnth.
一般将来时
will/shall be+过去分词
am/ is/ are ging t be+过去分词
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternn.
现在进行时
am/ is/ are+ being+过去分词
A new railway is being built.
过去进行时
was/were + being+过去分词
The rad was being widened when I passed by the village.
现在完成时
have/ has been+过去分词
The wrk has been finished n time.
含情态动词
can/may/ must be+过去分词
Bks can’t be taken ut f the reading rm.
基本方法总结
第一步：宾变主
即把主动语态句子的宾语(连同宾语的定语)变为被动语态句的主语，放在被动句句首。(如果原主动语态句的宾语为代词宾格形式，变为被动语态句主语时应变为主格形式)
第二步：谓变被
把主动语态句子的谓语结构变为被动语态句的谓语结构(be + dne)，这时要注意：被动语态谓语动词要与主语单复数保持一致，副词一般放在谓语结构中过去分词之前。
第三步：主变宾，前加by
把主动语态句主语放在被动语态句谓语部分之后，前加介词by(主格代词应该变为宾格代词)。
第四步：状不变
一般状语结构不作变化，原样放在句末或句首。
主动语态变被动语态的口诀
宾语提前主语变，
时态人称be关键。
过去分词勿变错，
原主变宾by后见。
带双宾语的主动句，即“主语+谓语+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)”
Our teacher gave me sme gd advice n the prnunciatin.
My father bught me a new pen.
方法1. 把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。
I was given sme gd advice n the prnunciatin by ur teacher.
I was bught a new pen by my father.
方法2. 把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，指“人”的间接宾语前要加介词t或fr
Sme gd advice was given t me n the prnunciatin by ur teacher.
A new pen was bught fr me by my father.
含有复合宾语的主动句，即“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”
They painted the rm white.
They saw her drawing in the classrm.
They saw her enter the meeting rm just nw.
He made the by wrk fr tw hurs yesterday.
第一种情况：将其中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语不变
The rm was painted white.
She was seen drawing in the classrm.
第二种情况：一些感官动词和使役动词，如hear, watch, wee, feel, ntice, listen t, lk at, let, make, have等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要省去t，但在变为被动语态时，t要补回来。
She was seen t enter the meeting rm just nw.
The by was made t wrk fr tw hurs by him yesterday.
注：
感使动词的主动与被动口诀：
感使动词好奇怪，
t来t去费神猜。
主动句里t拿去，
被动句中t回来。
如果短语动词作谓语，在变为被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。
They take gd care f these children. →
These children are taken gd care f.
被动语态
动词语态的概述
主动语态
被动语态
被动语态的用法
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。
突出承受者或广告，用被动语态错不了。
被动语态的构成
助动词be+过去分词 (be动词体现时态变化)
主动语态变被动语态的方法
宾语提前主语变，时态人称be关键。
过去分词勿变错，原主变宾by后见。
参考答案：
一、用所给动词的恰当形式填空
1. is grwn 2. was put 3. be taken
4. will be invited 5. has been built
BDBCB
参考答案：
1. English is spken by them in Canada.
2. The nature reserve was built by the gvernment last year.
3. Cmputers are being made by them in the USA.
4. Rice has been grwn by them in Suth China.
5. Mre trees must be planted by us next year.
参考答案：
1. 1) I was tld a stry by him.
2) A stry was tld t me by him.
2. 1) I was shwed a pht by Helen.
2) A pht was shwed t me by Helen.
3. 1) I was bught a watch by my father.
2) A watch was bught fr me by my father.
参考答案：
1. I am never let t watch TV by my mther.
2. She is ften heard t sing (by us) in the classrm.
3. They were ften seen playing ftball n the playgrund (by us).
4. B
参考答案：
1. The gd chance shuld be made full use f.
2. His request was turned dwn.
3. C
参考答案：
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. will be built 2. was wasted 3. is spken 4. hasn’t been fund 5. were cut 6. must be sent 7. be taken
二、句型转换
1. is cvered with 2. are eaten 3. are brught
4. is celebrated by 5. are nt used
三、单项选择
DBBCC AACCD
四、用被动语态造句。
1. Many trees are planted in ur cuntry every year.
2. English is widely spken thrughut the wrld.
3. The fire was put ut by the firemen tw minutes ag.
4. Sme rice is wasted by peple every year.
5. The cmputer was invented in 20 century.