高考英语二轮专题-猜测词义题（知识清单）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-猜测词义题（知识清单）（教师版），共50页。学案主要包含了知能解读01，知能解读02，知能解读03，知能解读04，知能解读05，重难点突破01，重难点突破02，重难点突破03等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01猜测词义题五年高考考情统计
02猜测词义题五年高考考情解读
1.每年必考
猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
2.四大类型
阅读理解猜测词义题有四大考查方向：一是考查生词语境猜测，二是考查短语语境猜测，三是考查句子语境理解，四是考查代词语境猜测。
03猜测词义题五年高考考点分类
04猜测词义题五年高考题干特点
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷，代词型)
28. What des the underlined phrase “shine thrugh” in paragraph 2 mean?（2024新课标I卷，短语型）
32. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?（2024新课标II卷，短语型）
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?（2024全国甲卷，短语型）
24. What des the underlined wrd “it” in the first paragraph refer t?（2024浙江1月卷，代词型）
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型）
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型）
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型）
05阅读理解满分突破思维导图
01 利用就近原则判定指代
1.试题特点
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、ne、thse等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/ne/thse可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。
2.设问方式
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4? (2025全国二卷)
24. What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t? (2024浙江1月卷)
3.思维导图
02 代词指代跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2025全国二卷第26题)
原文：There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class. She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls. Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says. “They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.”
26. What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4?
A. Offering regular lessns.B. Paying extra attentin.
C. Assigning n schlwrk.D. Shwing n sympathy.
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined wrd, “it”, refer t, paragraph 4。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 第四段划线词所在句“Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice t the kids,” H says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。H说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)”可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
跟踪训练2 (2024浙江1月卷第24题)
原文：When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”．
24. What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?
A. The play. B. The shared huse. C. The sfa. D. The telephne bx.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the wrd “it”, underlined in the first paragraph, refer t。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练3 (2022新高考II卷第30题)
原文："We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined wrd "smething", last paragraph, refer t。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
03 利用语境猜测句意
1.题型解读
高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
2.思维导图
04句意猜测跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2021全国甲卷第24题)
原文：Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a gd skater.
29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What , underlined wrds, “Safe! Safe! Safe!”, prbably mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
跟踪训练2 (2019浙江卷第24题)
原文：Mney with n strings attached. It’s nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.”
24. What des the expressin “Mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Mney spent withut hesitatin.
B. Mney nt legally made.
C. Mney ffered withut cnditins.
D. Mney nt tied tgether.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the expressin, “Mney with n strings attached” , paragraph 1, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第一段中的“Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need(尽你所能,取你所需)”可知,此处“Mney with n strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
05利用构词法猜测词义
1.掌握构词法
派生词：否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如dis.n-,i.…,-1s;后缀改变词性，不改变词义，如deliver→deli~;刘线-表示“共同”;re-表示“又,再”;trans-表示“转移’
合成法:依据合成词组成新词，结合记一沙词义;种词性用作吴一种说性而记形不变;
转化法：形容词转化为名词；动词转化为形容词；名词转化为动词等。
2.思维导图
3.解题策略
第一步：依据题干定位相应段落。
第二步：瞻前顾后找准与题干相关的关键词、句。
第三步：通过构词法破解划线单词的字面意思，再通过语境找到最佳答案。
06构词法猜测跟踪训练
跟踪训练1 (2023新课标I卷第29题)
原文：Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined wrd, “declutter”, paragraph 3, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
跟踪训练2 (2020新课标II卷第25题)
I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.
...
My imaginary Grandma’s Bx wrked like magic that spring, and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it. Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away — since I seldm actually kept them. Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day,and I wuld return the belnging.
25. What d the underlined wrds “the ffender” in paragraph 8 refer t?
A. The student’s parent.B. The maker f the Grandma’s Bx.
C. The authr’s grandchild.D. The wner f the frbidden fruit.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined wrds, “the ffender”, paragraph 8, refer t。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做某事的人或物”；ffend为动词,意为“违反;冒犯”。所以ffender有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的“frbidden fruit”以及下文提到的“return the belnging”可推断,画线词所在句表示,通常the ffender会在放学的时候过来,作者就会把东西归还给他/她。因此,the ffender就是携带违禁物品的人。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
跟踪训练3 (2016全国II卷第27题)
原文：Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
27. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined wrd, “dwnside”, Paragraph 4, prbably mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: dwnside是由“dwn（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
01利用语法关系猜词义
1.语法关系
下定义：be、mean、refer t、be called/named、namely、that is、be cnsidered等词语后面的内容是对前面内容的注解性说明，相当于对前面的词语下定义。
同位语(从句)：同位语(从句)是对其前内容的解释说明，也可以帮助猜测词义。
定语(从句)：尤其注意后置定语和由which/wh引导的非限制性定语从句。
举例说明：fr example、fr instance、such as.like、include、including等后面的内容也有助于猜测词义。
标点符号：注意破折号(-)、冒号(:)、分号(;)后面的内容,注意引号(“”)或括号中的内容。
2.思维导图
02 语法关系猜词跟踪训练
1.利用举例
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
跟踪训练1 (2022全国乙卷第29题)
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, “maintenance” underlined, paragraph 3, refer t。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: “including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspectin and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
2.利用破折号
跟踪训练2 (2021 全国乙卷第25题)
原文：Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey (调查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined wrd, “cncede” , paragraph 3, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
3.利用同义关系
跟踪训练3 (2015四川卷第44题)
原文：And it is nt just rbins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are als being mre ncturnal.
44. What des the underlined wrd “ncturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined wrd, “ncturnal”, in Paragraph 5, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“als（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“ncturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
4.利用释义关系
跟踪训练4 (2023全国甲卷第24题)
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: Which, clsest, in meaning t “a dab hand”, paragraph 1。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Bltnis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
03利用逻辑关系猜测词义
1.逻辑关系
反义关系：根据画线词的反义词猜测词义。表示转折:but,hwever,therwisethugh,even thugh；表示对比:unlike,in cntrast, while.n the cntrary,n the ther hand,rather than,instead f。
同义关系：根据画线词的相同或相近意义的词语猜测词义。表示类同:similarly,like,r,namelyin ther wrds,that is t say,justas,and,als,as well as,the same 。
因果关系：根据前后因果关系猜测词义。表原因:because,since,because fdue t,thanks t,fr,as a result f；表结果:s,therefre,s that,,lead t/result in/cntribute t,as a result。
2.思维导图
3.解题思路
第一步：依据题干关键词定位原文相关词、句。
第二步：瞻前顾后抓关键词，如but, unlike, in ther wrds, as a result等。
第三步：“题干-原文-选项”三对照，从肯定否定逻辑和感情褒贬性入手作答。
04逻辑关系猜词跟踪训练
1.利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等标志词体现。
跟踪训练1 (2019全国II卷第25题)
原文：I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n … At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
25. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encurage team wrk. B. Appeal t feeling.
C. Prmte gd deeds. D. Prvide advice.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined phrase, “tug at the heartstrings” , Paragraph 2, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 由逻辑词“s”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal t feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案B。
2.利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
跟踪训练2 (2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题)
原文：Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
33. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, underlined wrd “beanples”, paragraph 1, refer t。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据 “And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份)，it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“cntrary t”可知，画线词与heavier peple含义相反。
第三步：比对选项得出答案D。
跟踪训练3 (2024 新课标II卷第32题)
原文：In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades’ prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
32. What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. If read by smene prly educated.
B. If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C. If written by smene less cmpetent.
D. If translated by smene unacademic.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the phrase “In the wrng hands”, paragraph 2, prbably mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据第二段画线短语后but及thankfully可知前后语意转折,前句应该是假设一位不是Campbell的作者,与后句中经验丰富的作者进行对比。根据文章第二段“such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable. She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案C。
3.利用同一关系猜词
跟踪训练4 (2023 新课标II卷第30题)
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
第一步：浏览题干，找到关键词。关键词: What, the underlined wrds “relate t”, paragraph 2, mean。
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
01 阅读猜词词义题答题误区
1.忽视上下文语境，仅凭单词记忆作答​
不少学生在遇到生词时，第一反应是在脑海中搜索该词的记忆释义，而忽略了单词所处的上下文语境。
例如：2023年新高考 Ⅰ 卷的阅读文章中，“Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.” 对于declutter一词，如果仅从单词本身出发，学生可能难以知晓其含义。但结合下文 “This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.” 可知，该过程要求人们远离一些线上活动，由此可推断出declutter有 “清理，整理（此处指对线上活动进行清理）” 的意思。若学生不关注上下文，仅凭对clutter杂乱）的模糊记忆，很难准确理解 “declutter” 在此处的含义。​
2.误判逻辑关系，导致词义推导错误​
阅读文章中词与词、句与句之间存在着各种逻辑关系，如因果、转折、对比、并列等，这些逻辑关系是推测词义的重要线索。然而，学生在答题时常常误判这些逻辑关系。
例如：2022 年全国甲卷的阅读理解中，“Unlike her sister, wh is always cheerful and talkative, Mary is rather taciturn.” 句中“Unlike” 表明了对比关系，即 Mary 和她姐姐的性格相反，她姐姐 “cheerful and talkative”（开朗健谈），那么可以推断出 “taciturn” 意为 “沉默寡言的”。若学生未能识别出 “Unlike” 所体现的对比逻辑，就可能无法正确猜出 “taciturn” 的词义。
3.对熟词生义缺乏认知，局限于常见释义​
高考英语阅读常考查熟词在特定语境下的生僻含义，而学生往往局限于单词的常见释义。
例如：2024 年新高考 I 卷为例，“The curse f the river has changed dramatically ver the years.” 这里的“curse 并非学生熟悉的 “课程” 含义，而是 “路线，河道” 的意思。学生若只知道 “curse” 的常见义，就无法理解句子的准确意思。
4.无法准确判断代词指代内容​
在阅读文章中，代词的准确指代对于理解文意至关重要。但学生在确定代词指代对象时经常出现错误。例如，2023 年新高考 II 卷中的一段话，“The scientists cnducted an experiment n a grup f mice. They fund that the mice in the experimental grup shwed different behavirs cmpared t thse in the cntrl grup. This discvery culd have imprtant implicatins fr future research.” 这里的 “This discvery” 指代的是前文科学家们关于实验组小鼠与对照组小鼠行为差异的发现，若学生不能准确判断，就会影响对文章后续内容的理解以及相关词义猜测题的解答。
02 阅读猜词词义题误区应对
1.强化语境意识，仔细研读上下文​
在解答猜词词义题时，学生要树立强烈的语境意识。当遇到需猜测词义的单词或短语时，要认真阅读其所在句子以及前后相邻的句子，从整体语境中寻找线索。
2．掌握逻辑关系词，借助逻辑推理​
学生需要熟练掌握常见的逻辑关系词及其所表达的逻辑关系。在阅读过程中，一旦发现逻辑关系词，就要高度关注，并据此分析句子之间的逻辑联系，进而推测词义。比如，看到 “but”“hwever”“yet” 等转折词时，要意识到前后内容相反；看到 “and”“r”“similarly” 等表示并列或相似关系的词时，可知前后内容在语义上相近或相关；看到 “because”“since”“as a result f” 等因果关系词时，可从原因推导结果或从结果追溯原因。
3.积累熟词生义，拓宽词汇理解​
平时学习中，学生要注重积累常见单词的生僻含义。可以通过整理高考真题、模拟题中出现的熟词生义情况，建立专门的词汇笔记，定期复习。同时，在阅读英文文章、书籍、报刊时，遇到熟词在不同语境下的特殊含义，要及时记录并理解记忆。
4.运用指代分析技巧，确定代词指代​
对于代词指代题，学生可采用以下方法：首先，返回原文，找到代词所在位置；然后，向前（有时也可能向后，但大部分情况是向前）搜索，寻找离代词最近的名词、名词短语或句子；最后，将找到的内容代入代词处，看句子的逻辑和语义是否通顺合理。
03 阅读猜词词义题满分策略
1.建立熟词生义库：整理近5年真题出现的熟词生义，每日复习5-10个，重点记忆高频词。​
2.强化逻辑词敏感度：总结常见逻辑关系词（如转折），结合真题例句进行逻辑推导训练。​
3.构词法专项突破：掌握常见前缀、后缀、词根，遇到生词先拆分结构，再结合语境验证。
4.三步定位语境法：锁定生词句及前后2句；圈出逻辑词、标点；代入原文检查是否通顺。
猜测词义题综合能力提升
真题专区：研读高考真题，洞悉高考命题规律，探寻满分做题技巧和应试思维
01 (2025浙江1月卷)
A nvel design apprach t gardening has been gaining in ppularity wrldwide. Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and pwer tls, it’s based n an elegantly simple principle: t garden mre like nature des.
The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that culd be used mdularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are gruped s that they will grw tgether abve and belw grund, frming a cperative ecsystem that cnserves water and discurages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudlf’s gardens ppularized this style, adding artistic flavrs t the planting mixes while playing with clr and frm, including fur-seasn interest and serving the needs f wildlife. Beautiful year-rund, they invite yu t enjy the smallest detail, frm the sund f grasses in the gentle wind t the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads.
It takes a lt f thught t lk this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first cnsideratin. Led by the cncept f “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjy the same sil, sun and weather cnditins, and arrange them accrding t their patterns f grwth.
The benefits are substantial fr bth gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s eclgy can develp well. Established matrix gardens shuld nt need the life supprt we give mst gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Cmpared t traditinal garden plts, they increase carbn absrptin, reduce strm water runff and bst habitat and bidiversity significantly.
28. What des the underlined wrd “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running ut f.B. Keeping away frm.
C. Putting up with.D. Taking advantage f.
29. Why was the idea f matrix planting intrduced?
A. T cntrl weeds in large gardens.B. T bring in freign species f plants.
C. T cnserve sil and water resurces.D. T develp lw-maintenance parkland.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Piet Oudlf’s gardens?
A. Traditinal.B. Odd-lking.C. Tasteful.D. Well-prtected.
31. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The future f gardening is WILDB. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS
C. Matrix gardens need mre CARED. Old garden plts wrk WONDERS
【导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。
【解析】
28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred t as matrix planting, this apprach aims fr nature t d a lt mre f the heavy lifting in the garden, and even sme f the designing.”以及最后一句中的t garden mre like nature des可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。
29. D。事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The cncept was brn when German city planners sught t plant large areas f parkland after Wrld War II in a reprducible way that wuld need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develp lw-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas f parkland minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。
30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavrs、playing with clr and frm、Beautiful、enjy the smallest detail、the sund f grasses、the sculpture f dd-lking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudlf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjy的概括。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。
02 (2025八省联考卷)
Jim Jhnsn, a mail carrier, was an institutin in the leafy Westmreland, Westhaven and Westver Hills neighbrhds. just nrth f dwntwn Wilmingtn, where he delivered much mre than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns(草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.
Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n. In many cmmunities, that trust is wn every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, scial security checks, cllege acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailbxes in frnt f the huses.
After mre than three decades, Jim apprached his final days n the jb much like any ther. He drve a bxy pstal truck t Nrth DuPnt Rad fr the first unfficial stp f the day. Butch, a dg wh belnged t ne f the neighbrs, was waiting just like every day befre. And just like every day befre, he gt int the jump seat and they were ff. On the rute, Jim and Butch had becme inseparable. Nw, the dg and the mailman wuld ride ff t retirement tgether. At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.
It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.
24. What d we knw abut Jim Jhnsn frm the first paragraph?
A. He’s pen-minded.B. He’s sharp-eyed.
C. He’s warm-hearted.D. He’s strng-willed.
25. What des the underlined wrd “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Refused.B. Criticized.C. Investigated.D. Suspended.
26. What did Jim d besides daily delivery n his final days f wrk?
A. He drve Butch t its wner.B. He sent presents t his friends.
C. He prepared a retirement party.D. He said gdbye t the neighbrs.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T remember a respected mail carrier.B. T recrd an unfrgettable experience.
C. T raise funds fr the pstal service.D. T call fr harmny in the cmmunity.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the grceries; he tk nte f unlcked drs, ffered gardening advice, and taught mre than a few yung bys the art f the curveball. When he wasn't ding all that, Jim was running acrss a checkerbard f green lawns (草坪) t ensure the lcal pstal service did nt fall shrt f its daily prmise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Thugh the pstal service is ften disparaged nw, the trust in lcal pstal service lives n.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stp, Jim accepted the parting gd wishes f families that had becme his wn. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memries.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the rute, but we are still reminded f the deep bnd established between cmmunity and letter carrier. That’s what the pstal service means t us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。
03 (2024九省联考卷)
In his 1936 wrk Hw t Win Friends and Influence Peple, Dale Carnegie wrte: “I have cme t the cnclusin that there is nly ne way t get the best f an argument — and that is t avid it.” This distaste fr arguments is cmmn, but it depends n a mistaken view f arguments that causes prblems fr ur persnal and scial lives — and in many ways misses the pint f arguing in the first place.
Carnegie wuld be right if arguments were fights, which is hw we ften think f them. Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave bth sides bldied. Even when yu win, yu end up n better ff. Yu wuld be feeling almst as bad if arguments were even just cmpetitins — like, say, tennis turnaments. Pairs f ppnents hit the ball back and frth until ne winner cmes ut frm all wh entered. Everybdy else lses. This kind f thinking explains why s many peple try t avid arguments.
Hwever, there are ways t win an argument every time. When yu state yur psitin, frmulate (阐述) an argument fr what yu claim and hnestly ask yurself whether yur argument is any gd. When yu talk with smene wh takes a stand, ask them t give yu a reasn fr their view and spell ut their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise bjectins (异议) and listen carefully t their replies. This methd will require effrt, but practice will make yu better at it.
These tls can help yu win every argument — nt in the unhelpful sense f beating yur ppnents but in the better sense f learning abut what divides peple, learning why they disagree with us and learning t talk and wrk tgether with them. If we readjust ur view f arguments — frm a verbal fight r tennis game t a reasned exchange thrugh which we all gain respect and understanding frm each ther — then we change the very nature f what it means t “win” an argument.
28. What is the authr’s attitude tward Carnegie’s understanding f argument?
A. Critical.B. Supprtive. C. Tlerant.D. Uncertain.
29. Why d many peple try t avid arguments?
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignred.
D. They are nt cnfident in themselves.
30. What des the underlined phrase “spell ut” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Defend.B. Explain.C. Cnclude.D. Repeat.
31. What is the key t “winning” an argument accrding t the authr?
A. Sense f lgic.B. Slid supprting evidence.
C. Prper manners.D. Understanding frm bth sides.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“This distaste fr arguments is cmmn, but it depends n a mistaken view f arguments that causes prblems fr ur persnal and scial lives — and in many ways misses the pint f arguing in the first place.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Like physical fights, verbal (言语的) fights can leave bth sides bldied. Even when yu win, yu end up n better ff. Yu wuld be feeling almst as bad if arguments were even just cmpetitins — like, say, tennis turnaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。
30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“ask them t give yu a reasn fr their view”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spell ut意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。
31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we readjust ur view f arguments — frm a verbal fight r tennis game t a reasned exchange thrugh which we all gain respect and understanding frm each ther — then we change the very nature f what it means t “win” an argument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。
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04 We studied a diverse grup f birds typically fund alng castlines, knwn as shrebirds. Heartbreakingly, their glbal ppulatin has plummeted as they cntinue t battle habitat destructin, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting.
04.What des the underlined wrd “plummeted” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Reduced sharply.B．Increased rapidly.
C．Recvered slwly.D．Changed gradually.
【答案】A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了滨鸟生存所面临的严峻危机。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据下文“as they cntinue t battle habitat destructin, sea level rise, disturbance and hunting. (它们继续与栖息地破坏、海平面上升、人为干扰和捕猎等问题作斗争。)”可知，这些鸟的全球种群数量已急剧下降。由此可知，plummeted意为“急剧下降”。故选A。
05 It was break time at nn. I headed dwn t the kitchen abut five minutes early and gave my Cke such a hard shake that I feared it may actually g ff in my hands. I placed it back in the fridge. Then, I hid int a cupbard in the kitchen, waiting fr the right mment.
05 What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The kitchen.B．The drink.C．The hand.D．The fridge.
【答案】B
【详解】词句猜测题。根据“I headed dwn t the kitchen abut five minutes early and gave my Cke such a hard shake that I feared it may actually g ff in my hands. (我提前大约五分钟去了厨房，狠狠地摇了摇我的可乐，担心它真的会在我手里掉下来。)”可知，代词it指代前文提到的作者的可乐饮料，与选项B“The drink. (饮料)”相符。故选B。
06 One thery that Brgaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning culd cause a ne-time flding f the brain with neurtransmitters (神经递质) that are released frm the dying neurns (神经元). This causes a rewiring f neurns, prviding access t areas f the brain that were previusly inaccessible.
06 What des the underlined wrd “This” refer t in paragraph 5?
A．The cell death due t lightning strikes.
B．The flding f brain’s neurtransmitters.
C．The rewiring f brain neurns.
D．The release f dying neurns.
【答案】B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了布罗加德说的一种理论是，被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中一次性充斥着神经递质，这些神经递质是从死亡的神经元中释放出来的。这会导致神经元的重新布线，为以前无法进入的大脑区域提供通道。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“One thery that Brgaard says is that cell death caused by being struck by lightning culd cause a ne-time flding f the brain with neurtransmitters (神经递质) that are released frm the dying neurns (神经元). This causes a rewiring f neurns, prviding access t areas f the brain that were previusly inaccessible.(布罗加德说，一种理论是，被闪电击中导致的细胞死亡可能会导致大脑中神经递质的一次性泛滥，这些神经递质是从垂死的神经元释放出来的。……会导致神经元的重新连接，从而进入以前无法进入的大脑区域)”可知，This是指代上文提到的a ne-time flding f the brain with neurtransmitters（神经递质），即大脑神经递质的泛滥，故选B。
07 Befre I left schl in December, I had a cuple f tests called Mid-term Test. They all went pretty smth, mstly because I didn’t have t many hard classes. My favrite class was English, and als my hardest. Persnally I really liked English, where I culd write essays (文章), challenge writing skills and imprve English talking.
07 What des the underlined wrd “They” in the third paragraph refer t?
A．ClassesB．TestsC．GamesD．Students
【答案】B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的学校生活。
【详解】指代猜测题。根据划线词前文“Befre I left schl in December, I had a cuple f tests called Mid-term Test. They all went pretty smth, mstly because I didn’t have t many hard classes.”（在我12月离开学校之前，我进行了几次名为“期中考试”的考试。它们都进展得很顺利，主要是因为我没有太多困难的课程。）可知，此处They 指代上文提到的复数名词tests (考试)。故选B。
08 Hwever, there are ways t win an argument every time. When yu state yur psitin, frmulate (阐述) an argument fr what yu claim and hnestly ask yurself whether yur argument is any gd. When yu talk with smene wh takes a stand, ask them t give yu a reasn fr their view and spell ut their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise bjectins (异议) and listen carefully t their replies. This methd will require effrt, but practice will make yu better at it.
08 What des the underlined phrase “spell ut” in the paragraph prbably mean?
A．Defend.B．Explain.C．Cnclude.D．Repeat.
【答案】B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了赢得争论的具体方法。
【小题1】词句猜测题。划线部分的上文“When yu talk with smene wh takes a stand, ask them t give yu a reasn fr their view (当你和有立场的人交谈时，让他们给你一个理由来支持他们的观点)”建议让有立场的人为自己的观点提供依据，由此可知，也会建议让他们充分阐明他们的观点，划线部分意思应该是“详细解释”，与Explain“解释”意思一致。故选B项。
09 Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
09 The underlined expressin “stmach it” mst prbably means “_______”.
A．digest the meal easilyB．manage withut breakfast
C．decide wisely what t eatD．eat whatever is ffered
【答案】B
【导语】本语段选自一篇说明文，简要介绍了一项研究表明，对于那些能忍受不吃早餐锻炼的人群而言，早餐前锻炼更有益健康。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据画线部分的下文“wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first (早餐前锻炼可能比先吃东西更有益于健康)”可知，此处介绍空腹锻炼的益处，再结合生活常识可知，通常情况下，有些人是无法忍受锻炼前不吃早餐的，由此推断，该益处针对的是可以忍受锻炼前不吃早餐的人群，画线部分意思应该是“不吃早餐也行”。故选B项。
10 The earthquake is ne f the mst cmmn natural disasters. It may cause great damage. S it is wise t learn sme simple safety tips t prtect yurself r yur family members.
Fragile items like thse made f glass are easily brken and shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface, near the grund instead f placing them n the cupbards higher up. Never place them near yur bed, sfas and ther furniture where yu wuld be sitting r lying dwn. When there is a strng mvement, these pieces will fall n the flr directly and nt n yu.
10 The underlined wrd “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 prbably means “________”.
A．Easily fund.B．Easily brken.C．Expensive.D．Heavy.
【答案】B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了预防地震的一些安全措施。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的“items like thse made f glass are easily brken and shuld usually be placed n a lwer surface”（像玻璃制品这样的物品很容易破碎，通常应该放在较低的表面上）可知，“Fragile items”指的是“易碎物品”，fragile意为“易碎的”，与B选项“Easily brken”意思一致。故选B。
11 When 76-year-ld Antinette-Marie Williams played 17-year-ld Emmett Daniels in chess fr the first time, she gave Daniels a run fr his mney. Paired thrugh DOROT, a New Yrk rganizatin which was launched in 1976, they are a perfect match. “I was a gd ppnent fr him. I dn’t think he expected it.” Williams tld the CVS Health blg Frtune Well. Their weekly games have led Daniels and Williams t a crss-generatinal relatinship that they bth enjy. Williams and Daniels’ relatinship disprves the idea that peple f different generatins have little in cmmn.
11 What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．She had a running race with Daniels.
B．Daniels felt disappinted.
C．Daniels had a tugh win.
D．She gave Daniels mney as a gift f greeting.
【答案】C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Antinette-Marie Williams和Emmett Daniels在下棋方面的情况。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中““I was a gd ppnent fr him. I dn’t think he expected it.” （“对他来说，我是一个很好的对手。我想他也没想到会这样。”）可知，对于17岁的Emmett Daniels来说，他没有想到76岁的Antinette-Marie Williams在围棋方面的技艺高超，因此画线句的含义为“Daniels赢得很辛苦。”选项C符合题意，故选C。
12 When it cmes t napping, ne size definitely desn’t fit all. If yu are sleep deprived, a nap can be helpful r even essential fr making it thrugh the day. Hwever, fr thse with ther sleep issues, a nap may make it harder t fall asleep at night. Fr mst f us, the timing and length f ur nap will largely determine hw beneficial it is t ur sleep rutine.
12 What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．A nap benefits all the peple.
B．Nt all the peple fit napping.
C．A nap wrks n ne with sleep prblems.
D．A nap wrks fr yu if yu're lacking sleep.
【答案】B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了午睡对不同人群的影响及午睡的时间和时长如何影响其效用。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“If yu are sleep deprived, a nap can be helpful r even essential fr making it thrugh the day. Hwever, fr thse with ther sleep issues, a nap may make it harder t fall asleep at night. Fr mst f us, the timing and length f ur nap will largely determine hw beneficial it is t ur sleep rutine. (如果你睡眠不足，小睡对度过一天很有帮助，甚至是必不可少的。然而，对于那些有其他睡眠问题的人来说，午睡可能会让他们在晚上更难入睡。对我们大多数人来说，午睡的时间和时间长短在很大程度上决定了它对我们日常睡眠的有益程度。)”可知，小睡这种方式不一定适合所有人。由此可推知，划线部分“When it cmes t napping, ne size definitely desn’t fit all.”表达的意思是“不是所有的人都适合午睡”。故选B。
13 We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
13 What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
【答案】B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者陪同孙子阅读的经过。
【详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.(我们记者生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到这是一种新事物。对他们来说，这很正常)”划线短语后文“I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday(当时是春节假期，我和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上)”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故划线短语意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
14（2025·湖南·三模）
As the first girl in my family, I was brn in Venezuela, twelve mnths t the day befre ne f the biggest earthquakes in the cuntry’s histry struck the capital city Caracas in 1967. I’ve always seen this as a sign f my destiny.
Disasters have the ptential t set back a natin’s develpment fr years and even decades. Hwever, my persnal experiences have taught me that the extent f damage ften depends n whether there is a culture f preventin within the affected sciety. .
I recall a time when I was living in an apartment building when a mderate earthquake struck. My reactin, after the immediate “drp, cver, hld n” reflexes (反射动作), was t hpe that the building wuld prve t be structurally sund. As the shaking slwly stpped, I ran utside t wait fr pssible aftershcks. My fears, thankfully, did nt happen. It had resisted the quake because it fllwed the cuntry’s building cdes.
Occasins like this shw the necessity f having updated building cdes that include lessns learned frm past disasters. Had the building nt fllwed these updated cdes, I may nt have survived. This experience has nly strengthened my belief in the value f preventin in mitigating the impact f disasters.
I have spent the past tw years wrking n the Built Envirnment in Latin America and the Caribbean Prject. The prject has develped risk-infrmed plicies and engineering techniques in the six cuntries that were selected fr their particularly high expsure t earthquakes. This prject fits perfectly with my prfessinal and persnal gals, as it cmbines my passin and experience in risk reductin. Like the third little pig in the tale f Three Little Pigs, wh puts resilience (韧性) abve cnvenience while building his huse frm bricks, I’m cmmitted t building a framewrk f preventin and resilience, as I knw that early actin tday can prevent prblems tmrrw.
1．What des the authr refer t as her destiny?
A．Rebuilding cities after disasters.B．Experiencing many earthquakes.
C．Ding wrk related t earthquakes.D．Updating building cdes in Venezuela.
2．Why did the earthquake mentined in paragraph 3 impress the authr?
A．She realized the danger f earthquakes.B．She felt she did nt respnd well enugh.
C．She was very lucky t escape with her life.D．She recgnized the imprtance f preventin.
3．What des the underlined wrd “mitigating” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Causing.B．Reducing.C．Ignring.D．Aviding.
4．What des the tale f Three Little Pigs imply?
A．Teamwrk matters in preventing disasters.B．Risk reductin wrk requires a lt f skills.
C．Damage caused by disasters can be avided.D．Building huses needs passin and experience.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者出生于委内瑞拉，在该国首都发生地震的前一年出生，这让作者认为自己与地震相关工作有某种命运联系。作者通过自身经历深刻认识到预防的重要性。作者还参与相关项目，致力于构建预防和抗灾框架。
1．细节理解题。根据文第一段“As the first girl in my family, I was brn in Venezuela, twelve mnths t the day befre ne f the biggest earthquakes in the cuntry’s histry struck the capital city Caracas in 1967. I’ve always seen this as a sign f my destiny.(作为家中的长女，我出生在委内瑞拉。1967 年，该国历史上最严重的地震之一袭击了首都加拉加斯，而我在地震发生前整 12 个月出生。我一直将此视为命运的一种昭示)” 以及最后一段“I have spent the past tw years wrking n the Built Envirnment in Latin America and the Caribbean Prject... This prject fits perfectly with my prfessinal and persnal gals, as it cmbines my passin and experience in risk reductin.(在过去的两年里，我一直在从事拉丁美洲和加勒比地区建筑环境项目…… 这个项目与我的职业和个人目标完美契合，因为它结合了我在降低风险方面的热情和经验)” 可知，作者将从事与地震相关的工作视为自己的命运。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It had resisted the quake because it fllwed the cuntry’s building cdes.(它能抵御地震是因为它遵循了该国的建筑规范)” 以及第四段“This experience has nly strengthened my belief in the value f preventin in mitigating the impact f disasters.(这次经历进一步坚定了我对预防在减轻灾害影响方面价值的信念)” 可知，第三段提到的地震给作者留下深刻印象是因为她认识到了预防的重要性。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段“It had resisted the quake because it fllwed the cuntry’s building cdes.(它能抵御地震是因为它遵循了该国的建筑规范)”和第四段 “This experience has nly strengthened my belief in the value f preventin in mitigating the impact f disasters.(这次经历进一步坚定了我对预防在…… 灾害影响方面价值的信念)”并结合前文提到建筑遵循规范抵御地震，可知预防是为了“减轻”灾害影响。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Like the third little pig in the tale f Three Little Pigs, wh puts resilience (韧性) abve cnvenience while building his huse frm bricks, I’m cmmitted t building a framewrk f preventin and resilience, as I knw that early actin tday can prevent prblems tmrrw.(就像《三只小猪》故事里的第三只小猪，用砖头盖房子时把韧性置于便利之上，我致力于构建一个预防和具备韧性的框架，因为我知道今日尽早行动，明日便可防患于未然)” 可知，《三只小猪》的故事暗示通过像第三只小猪一样注重韧性（预防措施），灾害造成的损害是可以避免的。故选C。
15（2025·山东青岛·二模）
In primary schl, I evlved frm the class half-wit t the smart-alec, attracting scrn fr being the teacher’s pet. Mr Slavin, fair but partial t answers, favred me ver bys like Thmm, wh struggled t remember his name. Thmm faced regular canings—fur strkes frm Mr Slavin r six frm the Deputy Head. His screams eched as he fled each strke. One day, plice fund his schl case stuffed with stlen trinkets, and he vanished frever.
Despite Thmm’s fate, I envied his rebellius aura. As the despised “pet,” I craved respect. My desk at the back, reserved fr tp students, islated me. T rebel visibly, I carved railway tracks int the desk, pushing pencil fragments with “chuffing” nises. Inspired by my firebug tendencies, I rubbed a ruler against the wd until smke—then flames—emerged. Mr Slavin’s gaze turned, and I earned fur stinging strkes. The pain paled against the glry f newfund ntriety.
This triumph spurred darker urges. Bullied by lder bys, I mimicked their cruelty n yunger nes but reciled instinctively. My aversin t inflicting pain clashed with a persnality riddled with flaws. At hme, I staged futile escapes—packed with peanut butter sandwiches—nly t linger near frbidden rads. Symblic rebellin surfaced in tunneling thrugh chicken cps, emerging crwned in bird drppings.
My mther, blivius t my schl struggles, basted f my intellect t neighbrs like Nla Huthnance, whse endless chatter rivaled her wn. Even as I lapped up her praise, I sensed its txicity. Unlike Ggl’s mther, wh credited her sn with inventing the steam engine, mine saw genius in mundane reprt cards. Such adratin bred islatin, cmpelling me t frge a cntrary identity.
1．What can be inferred abut the authr's attitude tward his mther's praise?
A．He felt pressured t develp a rebellius identity.
B．He actively embraced her admiratin as mtivatin.
C．He remained indifferent t her pinins.
D．He resented her cmparisns with ther families.
2．What des the underlined wrd “chuffing” mst likely refer t?
A．Crying in pain.B．Whispering secrets.
C．Making train-like nises.D．Laughing mckingly.
3．Hw did Mr. Slavin treat the authr cmpared t Thmm?
A．Strict but fair.B．Partial but encuraging.
C．Hstile and dismissive.D．Indifferent and detached.
4．Why was Thmm taken away by the plice?
A．He set fire t the classrm.B．He escaped during caning.
C．He bullied yunger students.D．He stle items frm stres.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在小学时期的经历，包括在学校里的表现、与老师和同学的关系，以及在家里的一些行为，展现了作者叛逆性格形成的过程。
1．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Even as I lapped up her praise, I sensed its txicity. Unlike Ggl’s mther, wh credited her sn with inventing the steam engine, mine saw genius in mundane reprt cards. Such adratin bred islatin, cmpelling me t frge a cntrary identity.(即使在我欣然接受她的赞美时，我也感觉到它的毒性。果戈理的母亲认为自己的儿子发明了蒸汽机，而我的母亲则认为平凡的成绩单是天才。这种崇拜滋生了孤立，迫使我塑造一个相反的身份)”可推知，作者母亲的赞扬让他有压力，促使他形成了叛逆的身份。故选 A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段 “T rebel visibly, I carved railway tracks int the desk, pushing pencil fragments with “chuffing” nises.(为了明显地叛逆，我在课桌上刻了铁轨，推着铅笔碎片发出 “噗噗” 的声音)”可知，作者在课桌上刻了铁轨。所以“chuffing” 指的是像火车一样的噪音。故选 C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段 “Mr Slavin, fair but partial t answers, favred me ver bys like Thmm(斯拉文先生公平但偏爱回答问题好的学生，比起汤莫这样的男孩，他更偏爱我)”可推知，斯拉文先生对作者是偏爱的，对汤莫则不是，同时他也鼓励作者。故选 B。
4．细节理解题。根章第一段 “One day, plice fund his schl case stuffed with stlen trinkets, and he vanished frever.(有一天，警察发现他的书包里塞满了偷来的小饰品，然后他就永远消失了)”可知，汤莫被警察带走是因为他偷了商店的东西。故选 D。
16（2025·山东青岛·三模）
In the digital age, teenagers are facing a challenge that has never happened — the cnstant battle fr their attentin. A 2023 study published in the Jurnal f Adlescent Health reveals that the average teenager switches between digital tasks every 19 secnds, resulting in a 40% decline in mental prcesses f understanding cmpared t fcused wrk.
Cntinuus partial attentin, termed by researchers, ccurs when individuals attempt t mnitr multiple digital streams tgether withut fully cncentrating n any single ne. Unlike purpseful multitasking, this state leaves teenagers in a repeated cnditin f mental verlad. Prfessr Linda Stne, wh first identified the behavir, explains, “It’s nt that teens can’t fcus–it’s that their fcus is always divided.”
The neurlgical (神经系统的) impacts are particularly cncerning during the teenage years, a critical perid fr brain develpment. MRI scans (扫描) demnstrate that heavy media multitaskers shw less dense gray matter in the anterir cingulate crtex(ACC), the brain regin respnsible fr emtinal cntrl and decisin-making. A 2021 Stanfrd study revealed that teens wh engaged in frequent media multitasking had 15% weaker ACC activatin during tasks cmpared t thse wh fcused n single tasks. This physical change crrelates with increased anxiety levels and decreased academic perfrmance bserved in numerus case studies.
Hwever, the slutin isn’t as simple as remving technlgy entirely. Digital literacy (读写能力) expert Dr. Mark Prensky argues that digital natives prcess infrmatin differently than previus generatins. Instead f remving devices, educatrs shuld teach “attentin literacy” — the skill f cnsciusly chsing when and hw t engage with technlgy. Sme schls experiment with fcus training and they reprt 30% imprvements in students’ sustained attentin duratin within six mnths.
Parents play an equally crucial rle. One way t supprt this is t establish “prtected spaces” in hmes where devices are set aside, allwing fr uninterrupted face-t-face cmmunicatin. The gal isn’t t blame technlgy blindly but t help teens develp the wisdm t use it intentinally.
1．What des the underlined phrase “mental verlad” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Cnstantly switching tasks.B．Struggling t stay fcused.
C．Taking in t much at nce.D．Feeling emtinally exhausted.
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Hw MRI scans are used t study the brain.
B．Hw aviding screens benefits brain health.
C．Why media multitasking increases teen anxiety.
D．Hw media multitasking affects the teenage brain.
3．Why des the authr mentin schls experimenting with fcus training?
A．T criticize the current trend.
B．T supprt a prpsed slutin.
C．T warn against technlgy veruse.
D．T intrduce changes in mdern educatin.
4．Why is “prtected spaces” in hmes suggested?
A．T supprt parental mnitring.B．T prmte mindful tech habits.
C．T imprve academic perfrmance.D．T increase family time n digital devices.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕数字时代青少年面临的注意力挑战展开，对青少年在数字环境下注意力分散的现象、产生原因、神经系统的负面影响以及应对措施等方面进行了说明。
1．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“Cntinuus partial attentin, termed by researchers, ccurs when individuals attempt t mnitr multiple digital streams tgether withut fully cncentrating n any single ne. Unlike purpseful multitasking, this state leaves teenagers in a repeated cnditin f mental verlad.(研究人员所称的“持续性部分注意力”状态，指的是人们试图同时监控多个数字信息流，却无法完全专注于任何一个。与有目的的多任务处理不同，这种状态使青少年反复陷入……。)”可推测，“持续性部分注意力”状态下，青少年试图同时处理多个数字信息流，导致大脑无法专注于一个信息流。“mental verlad”指的是无法专注。故选B。
2．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容“The neurlgical(神经系统的)impacts are particularly cncerning during the teenage years, a critical perid fr brain develpment. MRI scans(扫描)demnstrate that heavy media multitaskers shw less dense gray matter in the anterir cingulate crtex(ACC), the brain regin respnsible fr emtinal cntrl and decisin-making. A 2021 Stanfrd study revealed that teens wh engaged in frequent media multitasking had 15% weaker ACC activatin during tasks cmpared t thse wh fcused n single tasks. This physical change crrelates with increased anxiety levels and decreased academic perfrmance bserved in numerus case studies. (在青少年大脑发育的关键时期，这种对神经系统的影响尤其令人担忧。核磁共振成像扫描显示，重度媒体多任务处理者的前扣带回皮层（ACC，负责情绪控制和决策的大脑区域）灰质密度较低。斯坦福大学2021年的一项研究表明，频繁进行媒体多任务处理的青少年在完成任务时，前扣带回皮层的活跃度比专注单任务的同龄人低15%。在众多案例研究中，这种生理变化与焦虑水平升高和学业成绩下降相关。)”可知，第三段首先提出青少年时期是大脑发育的关键期，多任务处理对神经系统的影响尤其令人担忧，随后通过 MRI扫描和斯坦福大学研究，具体说明重度媒体多任务处理如何导致大脑结构（前扣带回皮层灰质密度降低）和功能（活跃度下降）的变化，并关联到焦虑和学业问题。全段围绕媒体多任务处理对青少年大脑的影响展开。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hwever, the slutin isn’t as simple as remving technlgy entirely. Digital literacy (读写能力) expert Dr. Mark Prensky argues that digital natives prcess infrmatin differently than previus generatins. Instead f remving devices, educatrs shuld teach “attentin literacy” - the skill f cnsciusly chsing when and hw t engage with technlgy. Sme schls experiment with fcus training and they reprt 30% imprvements in students’ sustained attentin duratin within six mnths.(然而，解决方案并非简单地完全移除科技产品。数字素养专家Mark Prensky博士认为，数字原住民处理信息的方式与前几代人不同。教育者不应禁止使用电子设备，而应教授“注意力素养”—— 即有意识地选择何时以及如何使用科技的技能。一些学校尝试进行专注力训练，结果显示，学生的持续注意力时长在六个月内提高了30%。)”可知，第四段开篇指出解决方案并非完全移除科技，随后引用专家观点提出应教授注意力素养，并以学校进行专注力训练为例，说明该方法使学生注意力时长提升30%。这一案例是为了支持前文提出的解决方案（培养注意力管理技能而非禁止设备），证明其有效性。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“One way t supprt this is t establish “prtected spaces” in hmes where devices are set aside, allwing fr uninterrupted face-t-face cmmunicatin. The gal isn’t t blame technlgy blindly but t help teens develp the wisdm t use it intentinally.(一种可行的支持方式是在家中设立“无设备空间”，将电子设备搁置一旁，以便进行不受干扰的面对面交流。我们的目标不是盲目指责科技，而是帮助青少年培养有意识、有智慧地使用科技的能力。)”可知，设立“无设备空间”的目的是让青少年暂时放下设备，进行专注的人际交流，从而培养有意识、有节制地使用科技的习惯。故选B。
17（2025·江西吉安·模拟预测）
When Lenard da Vinci wasn’t painting masterpieces r dreaming up flying machines, he was explring the secrets f gravity. Cnsidering himself a scientist and artist, this Renaissance thinker spent untld hurs studying hw the “attractin f ne bject t anther” affected phenmena like the flight f birds and the fall f water.
Recent research published in the jurnal Lenard reveals that da Vinci cnducted detailed gravity experiments ver a century befre Galile and tw centuries prir t Newtn. “His thinking was far ahead f his time,” said c-authr Dr. Mrteza Gharib. The study highlights Lenard’s determinatin t find the law gverning the dynamics f falling bjects.
Dr. Gharib said he discvered the experiments while examining an nline versin f The Cdex Arundel, a cllectin f Lenard’s ntes frm 1478 t 1518. Amng its mirrr-written texts, a drawing n Page 143 caught his eye: a triangle (三角形) frmed by cycles puring frm a pt. He used a cmputer prgram t flip (翻转) the triangle and the nearby backward writing. Suddenly, the image came t life. “I culd see mtin,” Dr. Gharib recalled. “I culd see him puring stuff ut.” It was a eureka mment that revealed Lenard’s frward-lking experiment.
Gazing at Lenard’s drawing, Dr. Gharib realized that the artist had separated gravity’s effects int tw cmpnents, revealing a nrmally hidden aspect f nature. Inspired by hail falling frm fast-mving cluds, Lenard demnstrated thrugh his drawing hw gravity’s cnstant frce causes a steady speed gain — shwn by the increasing gaps between falling bjects as the pt mves.
Despite his basic experimental setup 500 years ag, da Vinci calculated the gravitatinal cnstant t an accuracy within 10 percent f the mdern value. “It’s mind-bggling,” Dr. Gharib said. “That’s the beauty f what Lenard des.”
Hwever, Dr. Gharib hesitated t examine the Cdex further. “I’m like a kid in a ty stre, afraid t even lk at it,” he said. He nted that while art histrians had studied it, scientists had nt. “It’s an pen bk with s much t discver.”
1．What is the main purpse f the text ?
A．T reprt da Vinci’s unknwn research.
B．T cmpare da Vinci with ther scientists.
C．T prve da Vinci’s artist and scientist rle.
D．T shw a way f analyzing da Vinci’s ntes.
2．What des the underlined phrase “a eureka mment” in paragraph 3 refer t ?
A．Finding da Vinci’s secret drawings.
B．Detecting the need f mirrr-writing.
C．Discvering the pwer f technlgy.
D．Realizing the triangle’s scientific meaning.
3．What is special abut da Vinci’s experiments?
A．They were the first t explre the law f gravity.
B．They achieved high-level accuracy with simple tls.
C．They fcused n the beauty f falling bjects’ mtin.
D．They integrated artistic strategy with scientific methd.
4．What can we knw abut The Cdex frm Dr . Gharib’s wrds?
A．It cntains unexplred scientific insights.
B．Histrians misunderstd its real purpse.
C．Its artwrk hasn’t been prperly analyzed.
D．New tls are required t reveal its secrets.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项最新研究，揭示了达芬奇在重力研究方面领先于时代的实验和发现，这些内容记录在他的笔记手稿《Cdex Arundel》中，并强调了该手稿对科学家而言仍有巨大的探索潜力。
1．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“Recent research published in the jurnal Lenard reveals that da Vinci cnducted detailed gravity experiments ver a century befre Galile and tw centuries prir t Newtn.(发表在《列奥纳多》杂志上的最新研究表明，达·芬奇比伽利略早一个世纪，比牛顿早两个世纪就进行了详细的重力实验)”可知，文章主要讲述了达芬奇在重力研究方面鲜为人知的探索。近期研究发现，达芬奇在伽利略和牛顿之前就进行了详细的重力实验，文章介绍了这些实验的发现过程、独特之处以及《阿伦德尔抄本》中蕴含的未被充分探索的科学见解。所以文章主要目的是报道达芬奇这项此前不为人知的研究。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据第三段“He used a cmputer prgram t flip (翻转) the triangle and the nearby backward writing. Suddenly, the image came t life. “I culd see mtin,” Dr. Gharib recalled. “I culd see him puring stuff ut.” It was a eureka mment that revealed Lenard’s frward-lking experiment.(他用一个计算机程序翻转了三角形和旁边的反向文字。突然，图像变得生动起来。“我能看到运动”加里布博士回忆道。“我能看到他倒东西出来”正是这个顿悟时刻揭示了达芬奇具有前瞻性的实验)” 可知，通过翻转三角形和文字，加里布博士意识到了这个三角形所蕴含的科学意义，所以“a eureka mment” 指的是意识到三角形的科学意义。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Despite his basic experimental setup 500 years ag, da Vinci calculated the gravitatinal cnstant t an accuracy within 10 percent f the mdern value.(尽管他 500 年前的实验装置很基础，但达芬奇计算出的引力常数的精度与现代值相差在 10% 以内)” 可知，达芬奇实验的特别之处在于用简单的工具达到了较高的精度。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He nted that while art histrians had studied it, scientists had nt. “It’s an pen bk with s much t discver.”(他指出，虽然艺术史学家研究过它，但科学家们没有研究过它。“这是一本有待发现的开放之书”) 可知，The Cdex包含尚未被探索的科学见解。故选A。
18（25-26高三上·河北保定·开学考试）
Abut halfway thrugh the new ad fr “the thinnest iPad ever”, almst every creative instrument artists and cnsumers have used ver the years — frm recrd players t bks and cameras — is flattened by a pwerful hydraulic press (液压机). But fr me, the ugliest thing abut the ad is the destructin f the musical instruments: a pian, a guitar, a drum and a trumpet.
Perhaps, the ad is meant t cmmunicate that this tiny, thin iPad can replace them all. Yu can make yur music with it. Yu can paint with it. Yu can play games n it. Yu can take yur phts with it. S yu can finally destry all thse things that have been s burdensme, like the massive pian and messy paint.
But these are nt practical items. Nbdy wns a pian because it’s practical. Actually, it’s ne f the least practical things yu can wn. It is s heavy that it can damage yur flr. If yu happen t get a new place, yu dn’t just need mvers fr it. Yu need special mvers. Yu wn a pian because yur belved nes sit dwn and play it. Such shared mments will nt and can nt be replaced by iPads.
Yu can make beautiful music and digital art with an iPad. But that art shuld be made alngside ther music, ther art, nt at the cst f pians and paint. If yu think f digital artistic creatin as an pprtunity t shatter sculptures r bttles f paint, yu never understd art at all, and yu never will. It desn’t demand t destry what is lved in rder t run after the fantasy that yu can fit everything that matters int yur pcket.
In certain circumstances, I am wrried. Fr example, I am wrried abut the csts f art and its creatin. But I am nt wrried at all that art made by humans will ever be replaced by “the thinnest iPad ever”.
1．What des the new iPad ad intend t tell its viewers?
A．It can d a lt f things.
B．It will nt be easily damaged.
C．Artists can stre their infrmatin in it.
D．Custmers shuld thrw away their ugly stuff.
2．What des the underlined wrd “shatter” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Create.B．Purchase.C．Break.D．Exchange.
3．What is the best title fr the text?
A．The New iPad Will Put Art in Danger
B．Art Wn’t Be Flattened by the New iPad
C．The Csts f Art and Its Creatin Are Rcketing
D．The New iPad Ad Is Depressing but Successful
4．What is the text?
A．An advertisement. B．An iPad descriptin. C．A music review.D．An pinin piece.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是作者认为最新发布的iPad广告传达出的信息是错误的。他认为新款iPad不可能会取代传统的艺术创造工具。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perhaps, the ad is meant t cmmunicate that this tiny, thin iPad can replace them all. Yu can make yur music with it. Yu can paint with it. Yu can play games n it. Yu can take yur phts with it.(或许，这则广告意在传达这样一种信息：这款又小又薄的iPad可以取代它们。你可以用它来创作音乐。你可以用它来画画。你可以在上面玩游戏。你可以用它拍照。)”可知，新的iPad广告想告诉观众它可以做很多事情。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“But that art shuld be made alngside ther music, ther art, nt at the cst f pians and paint.(但这种艺术应该与其他音乐、其他艺术一起创作，而不是以牺牲钢琴和颜料为代价。)”及画线词后“It desn’t demand t destry what is lved in rder t run after the fantasy that yu can fit everything that matters int yur pcket.(它不要求为了追求你可以把所有重要的东西装进口袋的幻想而摧毁你所爱的东西。)”可推断，如果你将数字艺术创作视为破坏雕塑或颜料瓶的机会，那么你永远不会理解艺术，也永远不会理解。shatter的意思是“破坏，摧毁”，与break意思相近。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“But I am nt wrried at all that art made by humans will ever be replaced by “the thinnest iPad ever”.(但我一点也不担心人类创作的艺术品会被“有史以来最薄的iPad”所取代。)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者认为最新发布的iPad广告传达出的信息是错误的。他认为新款iPad不可能会取代传统的艺术创造工具，因此最好的标题是B选项“Art Wn’t Be Flattened by the New iPad(新款iPad压不垮艺术)”。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But fr me, the ugliest thing abut the ad is the destructin f the musical instruments: a pian, a guitar, a drum and a trumpet.(但对我而言，这则广告中最令人反感之处在于对乐器的破坏：一架钢琴、一把吉他、一面鼓和一支小号。)”可知，作者是在发表他个人的看法。故选D。
19（25-26高三上·四川巴中·开学考试）
Sy is fund in almst everything we eat, frm the vegetable il t stre-bught chclate. While it may seem like humans chse the sybean, it was arguably the sybean that chse peple.
Sybeans have an innate ability t grw almst anywhere and survive almst anything. They can grw anywhere frm three t five feet tall and prduce arund 100 beans per plant. Sy can be grwn everywhere frm the extremely harsh fur seasns f Manitba, Canada, t the grassland f Mpumalanga, Suth Africa.
Sy was likely dmesticated in China apprximately 6,000 t 9,000 years ag when ancient Chinese medical healers used all parts f the plant as medicine. Peple als turned sy int ndles, tfu, and sy sauce. Sybeans were initially sent t England t meet rising demands fr sy sauce, which was becming a staple in British cuisine.
It wuld nt be lng, thugh, befre Americans fund anther use fr the bean. During the Civil War, rasted sybeans were used as cffee substitutes (替代) fr ecnmy and health cnsideratins. And sn, sybeans became the staple feed in the diets f nn-human creatures, t, with ne cup f raw sybeans cntaining 67.9 grams f prtein and 17.3 grams f fiber. In the US, chickens eat the mst sy, fllwed by pigs, cws, and fish. These animals eat ver 70 percent f all sybeans grwn in the US.
Nwadays, genetic mdificatin cntributes t massive quantities f sybeans all ver the wrld, including the Amazn rainfrest, where they are replacing the trees that nce std there. Brazil nw exprts mre sybeans than any ther cuntry. Nw sme advcacy grups are calling fr better land-use practices t safeguard the rainfrest and the sil. In 2023, plicies brught n by new gvernments in Suth America began slwing rates f defrestatin in the Amazn.
Nw many grwers have expanded their sy peratins t the Cerrad, a savannah-like regin f Brazil. Despite changing plicies and practices arund defrestatin, this year is expected t be a recrd year fr sybean prductin.
1．What des the underlined wrd “innate” prbably mean in the secnd Paragraph?
A．Imprtant.B．Inbrn.C．Immediate.D．Initial.
2．What did the Americans use sy t d?
A．Treat the patients as medicine.B．Enrich the kinds f cuisine.
C．Prduce a wide range f fd.D．Offer staple fd t livestck.
3．What affects the planting f sy nw?
A．The cmmunicatin acrss the glbe.B．The change f envirnment.
C．The updated gvernment plicies.D．The defrestatin in the Amazn.
4．In which sectin f a magazine is the text taken frm?
A．Sciety.B．Agriculture.C．Histry.D．Cmmunicatin.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大豆的种植历史、用途以及当前种植情况受政府政策影响。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Sybeans have an innate ability t grw almst anywhere and survive almst anything. They can grw anywhere frm three t five feet tall and prduce arund 100 beans per plant. Sy can be grwn everywhere frm the extremely harsh fur seasns f Manitba, Canada, t the grassland f Mpumalanga, Suth Africa.(大豆具有一种几乎可以在任何地方生长并几乎在任何环境下生存的innate能力。它们能长到3到5英尺高，每株大约能结100粒豆。从加拿大曼尼托巴省四季极为恶劣的环境，到南非普马兰加省的草原，大豆在各地都能生长。)”可知，大豆几乎能在任何地方或环境下生长，这是一种与生俱来的能力，innate的意思是“与生俱来的”。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“And sn, sybeans became the staple feed in the diets f nn-human creatures, t, with ne cup f raw sybeans cntaining 67.9 grams f prtein and 17.3 grams f fiber. In the US, chickens eat the mst sy, fllwed by pigs, cws, and fish.(很快，大豆也成为了非人类生物饮食中的主要饲料，一杯生大豆含有67.9克蛋白质和17.3克纤维。在美国，鸡吃的大豆最多，其次是猪、牛和鱼。)”可知，美国人用大豆给牲畜提供主要饲料。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In 2023, plicies brught n by new gvernments in Suth America began slwing rates f defrestatin in the Amazn.(2023年，南美新政府出台的政策开始减缓亚马逊雨林的砍伐速度。)”和最后一段中“Despite changing plicies and practices arund defrestatin, this year is expected t be a recrd year fr sybean prductin.(尽管有关砍伐森林的政策和做法发生了变化，但今年仍有望成为大豆产量的创纪录之年。)”可知，现在影响大豆种植的是政府政策的更新。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第二段中“Sybeans have an innate ability t grw almst anywhere and survive almst anything.(大豆具有一种几乎可以在任何地方生长并几乎在任何环境下生存的与生俱来的能力。)”，第三段中“Sy was likely dmesticated in China apprximately 6,000 t 9,000 years ag when ancient Chinese medical healers used all parts f the plant as medicine.(大约6000到9000年前，大豆可能在中国被驯化，当时中国古代的医者用植物的各个部分作为药材。)”，第四段中“It wuld nt be lng, thugh, befre Americans fund anther use fr the bean.(不过，不久之后，美国人就发现了这种豆子的另一种用途。)”以及倒数第二段中“Nwadays, genetic mdificatin cntributes t massive quantities f sybeans all ver the wrld, including the Amazn rainfrest, where they are replacing the trees that nce std there.(如今，转基因技术为全球大量的大豆生产做出了贡献，包括亚马逊雨林，那里的大豆正在取代曾经生长在那里的树木。)”可知，本文主要介绍了大豆的种植历史、用途以及当前种植情况受政府政策影响，所以这篇文章应该出自杂志的农业部分。故选B。
20（25-26高三上·湖北·开学考试）
I remember pening my iPad ne day in fifth grade after a silly cnversatin with my cusin abut scary stry ideas. Hurs later, I cmpleted my first shrt stry. Since then, I’ve written many stries, shrt and lng. But als, since then, I’ve read mre and nticed just hw well peple my age culd write. Since then, I als felt less and less willing t share my wrk:what if my writing isn’t as gd as everybdy else's? What started ff as smething creative that I culd share with friends turned int cmpetitin changed by feelings f cmpetence. Oftentimes, hbbies begin as smething just fr fun. But eventually, what was nce fun nw cntributes t feelings f stress and inadequacy. I have plenty f memries f thinking I was ging t pick up smething new and stick with it, whether it be playing the pian, r drawing. But there is always a part f me that expects myself t just magically be gd at all f thse things. And when I’m nt, the enjyment tapers ff as, slwly, I think medicrity(平庸) isn’t acceptable anymre.
Writing is the nly hbby that I have repeatedly cme back t despite drpping it cnstantly. I can see the grwth in my writing all these years, but the expectatins t be better and better is never satisfied. This is why I drp writing fr mnths at a time. This feeling f a hbby becming, fr a lack f better wrd, a chre, lwers the satisfactin f said hbby.
But hbbies are there t give yu a breath f fresh air frm having t excel at everything, frm academics t yur ccupatin. We must accept that it is kay t just suck at an activity but still ding it because it brings yu jy. There is a balance between jy and expectatins, either set by thers r by urselves.
1．What des the authr d in the first paragraph?
A．He challenges a traditin.B．He relates an experience.
C．He envisins a cming trend.D．He cmpares varied hbbies.
2．Which can best replace the underlined phrase “tapers ff” in paragraph 1?
A．Thins ut.B．Tps ut.C．builds up.D．Spreads arund.
3．Why des the authr drp writing cnstantly?
A．He is inadequate fr it.B．He prefers medicrity.
C．He equates jy with achievement.D．He receives bitter cmment.
4．What message des the passage cnvey?
A．Medicrity is the key t enjyment.
B．A hbby shared is a hbby squared.
C．Excellence ensures academic success.
D．Enjyment utweighs excellence in hbbies.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己从五年级开始写作，随着阅读增多，发现同龄人写作水平高，因担心自己写得不好而逐渐不愿分享作品，写作从创意分享变成竞争，还提到其他爱好也因期望过高而带来压力，最后指出爱好应带来快乐，要在快乐和期望间找到平衡。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“I remember pening my iPad ne day in fifth grade after a silly cnversatin with my cusin abut scary stry ideas. Hurs later, I cmpleted my first shrt stry. Since then, I’ve written many stries, shrt and lng. But als, since then, I’ve read mre and nticed just hw well peple my age culd write. Since then, I als felt less and less willing t share my wrk: what if my writing isn’t as gd as everybdy else’ s? What started ff as smething creative that I culd share with friends turned int cmpetitin changed by feelings f cmpetence.(我记得五年级的一天，在和表弟就恐怖故事创意进行了一次愚蠢的对话后，我打开了iPad。几个小时后，我完成了我的第一个短篇小说。从那以后，我写了很多短篇和长篇故事。但同样，从那以后，我读得更多，也注意到我这个年纪的人写作水平有多高。从那以后，我也越来越不愿意分享我的作品：如果我的写作不如其他人的好呢？原本是一件我可以和朋友分享的创意之事，却变成了因能力感而改变的竞争。)”可知，作者在第一段讲述了一段自己的经历。故选B项。
2．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“And when I’m nt, the enjyment … as, slwly, I think medicrity(平庸) isn’t acceptable anymre(当我不是这样的时候，随着慢慢地，我认为平庸不再被接受，这种乐趣就……了)”可知，当作者认为自己做得不好，认为平庸不再被接受时，乐趣就会减少，所以“tapers ff”意思是“减少”。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Writing is the nly hbby that I have repeatedly cme back t despite drpping it cnstantly. I can see the grwth in my writing all these years, but the expectatins t be better and better is never satisfied. This is why I drp writing fr mnths at a time. This feeling f a hbby becming, fr a lack f better wrd, a chre, lwers the satisfactin f said hbby.(写作是我唯一一个不断放下却又反复捡起的爱好。这些年我能看到自己写作上的进步，但对越来越好的期望从未得到满足。这就是为什么我一次会放下写作好几个月。这种爱好变成了一种家务活的感觉，降低了这种爱好带来的满足感)”可知，这些年作者能看到自己写作上的进步，但对越来越好的期望从未得到满足，这就是为什么作者一次会放下写作好几个月，这种爱好变成了一种家务活的感觉，降低了这种爱好带来的满足感，可推理出作者不断放下写作是因为把快乐等同于成就，当达不到期望时，写作带来的快乐就降低了。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But hbbies are there t give yu a breath f fresh air frm having t excel at everything, frm academics t yur ccupatin. We must accept that it is kay t just suck at an activity but still ding it because it brings yu jy. There is a balance between jy and expectatins, either set by thers r by urselves(但爱好是为了让你在从学业到职业的各个方面都出类拔萃之余，能呼吸到新鲜空气。我们必须接受，在一项活动中表现不佳也没关系，只要它给你带来快乐。在快乐和期望之间有一个平衡，无论是别人设定的还是我们自己设定的)”可知，在一项活动中表现不佳也没关系，只要它给你带来快乐，可推理出文章主要传达的是在爱好中，快乐比优秀更重要。故选D项。
卷别
细节理解题
猜测词义题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
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