高考英语二轮专题-语法填空之提示词为动词（知识清单）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮专题-语法填空之提示词为动词（知识清单）（学生版），共23页。学案主要包含了跟踪训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01括号内给动词思维导图
02括号内给动词解读
语法填空括号内给动词的三种填法：
一是谓语动词方向，然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；
二是非谓语动词方向，再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用不定式、-ing或过去分词；
三是动词词类转换方向，结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或形容词，甚至副词。
03如何判定作谓语还是非谓语
1. 判定作谓语还是非谓语思维导图
解读：双无—一个句子无谓语，无连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。
双有—一个句子有谓语，且有连接词，所给动词应考虑填谓语。
有谓无连—一个句子有谓语，但是后边动词所在句子无连接词，考虑非谓语。
2．分析句子结构，填写谓语动词三种情况：
若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。一个句子（包含从句）谓语有三种情况：
单一谓语：
考例1：（简单句）Up t nw, China has established a number f prtected areas with mangrves. (2023北京卷)
考例2：（复合句）An exhibitin at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwrk inspired by G, r weiqi in Chinese, which riginated in China mre than 4,000 years ag. (2025全国一卷)
双谓语：
考例3：He quickly threw his tls aside, and started running, arms ut. (2022新课标II卷)
三谓语：
考例4：Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1.2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the falling child. (2022新课标II卷)
2．分析句子结构，若句中已有谓语动词，且不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑用非谓语动词。
考例5：Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, (inspired by The Peny Pavilin,) was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace. (2024新课标II卷)
考例6：Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld, resulting in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss. (2021北京卷)
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. The guide ________ (lead) the way, we had n truble getting ut f the frest.
2. The guide ________ (lead) the way, s we had n truble getting ut f the frest.
3. ________ (call) me tmrrw and I’ll let yu knw the lab result.
4. ________ (call) me tmrrw, I’ll let yu knw the lab result.
5. He vlunteered t help cntrl traffic, ________ (dnate) an hur f his time every week.
6. He vlunteered t help cntrl traffic, and ______ (dnate) an hur f his time every week.
7.There ______ n bus, we had t walk hme.
8.There ______ n bus and we had t walk hme.
9. Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, and all his attentin ________ (fix) n it.
10. Jim was listening attentively t the lecture, all his attentin ________ (fix) n it.
04如何确定谓语动词的时态
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Only 12 weeks ag, he ____________ (underg) a majr heart transplant surgery.
2．The dg ____________ (jump) ver the wall and ran after the chicken.
3．Lk! The star ____________ (wear) a black hat there.
4．As the city ____________ (expand), dzens f mdern buildings have been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ag.
5．I____________ (read) a bk in the park when a little dg ran up t me.
6．— Hi, Andrew. Hw can yu imprve yur English s much?
— The harder yu wrk at it, the mre prgress yu ____________ (make).
7．It was hped that his health ____________ (pick) up sn with the new treatment.
8．China’s high-speed railways ____________ (grw) frm 9,000 t 25,000 kilmetres in the past few years.
9．N wnder the children are excited; this is the first time they ____________ (be) abrad.
10．They ____________ (hpe) t hld the schl sprts meeting, but it rained heavily.
01 如何确定谓语动词的语态
1.依据逻辑关系辨析主动或被动
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用主动语态； 若是被动关系，则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为： be＋过去分词，被动语态的时态体现在be动词上。
(3)只有及物动词(短语)才有被动语态，系动词和不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。
2.常考的几种时态的被动语态
(1)一般现在时：am/is/are dne；
(2)一般过去时：was/were dne；
(3) 过去将来时：wuld be dne；
(4) 现在完成时：has/have been dne。
(5) 含情态动词：情态动词+be dne。
3.主动形式表被动含义句式结构
(1)当feel、lk、smell、taste、sund等系动词后面接形容词时；
(2)当cut、read、sell、wear、write、wash、pen、run、burn等动词后有状语(well、easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．After the accident, the injured ___________ (take) t the nearest hspital in n time yesterday.
2．It___________ (annunce) that a new headmaster will be appinted in charge f the new schl.
3．A new plicy___________ (discuss) in the meeting rm at the mment.
4．I had t walk t wrk because my car___________ (repair).
5．The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and___________ (reward) with success in their effrts in the end.
6．Over 500 winter cats ___________ (dnate) t the hmeless shelter since the prgram was started.
7．Every means___________ (try) up t nw, but we still can’t cme up with a gd way t handle the current dilemma.
8．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet___________ (make) int at least ten different films by the end f last year.
9．The length f the essay shuld___________ (limit) t abut 400 wrds.
10．Yur car___________ (handle) easily. It’s much better than mine.
02如何确定谓语动词的主谓一致
1．语法一致原则
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，且主语后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, like, but, except, alng with, rather than, including, in additin t等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与短语前面的主语保持一致；
(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that, wh, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数保持一致；
(3)“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；each, every, n所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and 连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
2．就近一致原则
(1)r, , , nt (als)..., 等连接并列主语时；
(2)there/here be句式。
3．意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念时，谓语动词用单数；
(2)动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；
(3)由分数、百分数或者sme、a part f等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数；
(4)“the＋形容词”表示抽象概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“the＋形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Many a cllege student___________ (be) sent t the pr area t help the children there last mnth.
2．Having a lt in cmmn between cultures___________ (result) in easier understanding and mutual respect.
3．Every by and every girl___________ (wish) t attend the English Evening t be held n Saturday.
4．I think either yu r she ___________ (be) wrng, and yu'd better g and say srry t her.
5．The number f guests invited___________ (be) 50, but a number f them___________ (be) absent fr the heavy rain.
01 如何确定填写非谓语动词
1.如何确定所给动词填非谓语动词
考例1：___________ (cver) an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park，the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
考例2： Nw, Ca has started the secnd part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute. He flew 4, 700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n seat 20, ___________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths. (2022全国甲卷)
2. 非谓语句法功能
02 非谓语作主语
1. 动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure t talk with yu.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
2. 动名词作主语动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It i a waste f time ding…
It is n use gd ding sth.
It is n gd cming befre that.在那之前来没有好处。
3. 动词不定式与动名词作表语动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is t enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My jb is teaching yu English.我的工作是教你们英语。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It’s n use ___________ (talk) t her. She is stubbrn.
2．___________ (expse) t the sunlight fr t lng will be harmful t yur skin.
3．There is n dubt that it is vital___________ (have) a gd cmmand f sme knwledge f first aid.
4．It tk her mnths ___________ (recver) frm the shck f the accident.
5．It’s my hnur ___________ (share) with yu my views n this phenmenn tday.
03 非谓语作宾语
1.不定式作宾语
①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：
My English teacher prmised t lend sme bks t me.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。
We agreed t meet at the schl gate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。
②动词tell，shw，understand，knw，explain，learn，advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when t start the prject.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
③在某些动词如find，think，cnsider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it ur duty t prtect the envirnment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2.动名词作宾语
①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
He tried t avid answering my questins. 他试图对我的问题避而不答。
We nly missed seeing each ther by five minutes. 我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。
My mther culdn’t help smiling when she heard the gd news.听到那个好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。
②介词后要跟动名词作宾语，但是介词but后跟不定式作宾语。
After eating in her restaurant peple wuld becme tired very quickly.
人们在她的餐馆里吃过饭以后，很快就会感到疲乏。
They had n chice but t wait here.他们别无选择只有在这儿等待。
③由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be used t (习惯于)，feel like (想要)，insist n (坚持)，get dwn t (开始)，(致力于…)，bject t (反对)，stick t (坚持)，give up (放弃)等。
With many reference materials in hand，he gt dwn t writing his graduatin thesis.
手头有许多参考资料，他开始写毕业论文。
3.下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
mean t d sth打算做某事mean ding sth意味着做某事
frget t d sth忘记要去做某事未做frget ding sth忘记做过某事已做过)
regret t d sth对要做的事感到遗憾未做regret ding sth对做过的事后悔已做
try t d sth努力去做某事try ding sth尝试做某事
g n t d sth继续做另一件事g n ding sth继续做原来做的事
remember t d sth记住去做某事未做remember ding sth记得做过某事已做
I meant t give yu this bk tday，but I frgt.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
Missing this train means waiting fr anther hur. 错过这辆火车意味着得再等一小时。
4．在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。
My bike needs t be repaired.＝My bike needs repairing. 我的自行车需要修理。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Our neighbur threatened (call) the plice if we didn’t stp the nise.
2．I fund it difficult (fall) asleep in such a ht day.
3．She tried (breathe) slwly t calm her nerves, but failed.
4．He asked me if I had cnsidered (visit) Zhangjiajie with him that weekend.
5．Many peple nw wuld rely n (surf) the Internet rather than read the newspaper fr news.
04 非谓语作定语
1．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语常表示将来的动作；不定式的被动式t be dne作定语表示将来、被动的动作。
Yu are suppsed t take this pprtunity t realize yur dream.你应该抓住这个机会去实现你的梦想。
The questin t be discussed at the meeting is very imprtant.将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。
(2)不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He had n pen t write with s he had t brrw ne frm his neighbur.
他没有钢笔写字，不得不从邻居那儿借了一支。
(3)当中心词为序数词、最高级，the last，the nly等或中心词被这类词修饰，且该中心词是作定语的非谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，多用不定式作定语。
He is always the first t arrive at the schl and the last t leave the schl.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(4)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hpe，wish，fact，excuse，prmise，attempt，way等。
The ability t express an idea is as imprtant as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成或状态时，用过去分词。
The park was full f peple enjying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。(主动)
We must keep a secret f the things being discussed here.我们必须对在此讨论的问题保密。(被动、正在进行)
The players selected frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnr in this summer game.
人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。(被动、完成)
(2)不及物动词的分词形式作定语作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。
falling leaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)
fallen leaves落叶(表完成)
3．动名词作定语
动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。
a walking stick拐杖a reading rm阅览室 a sleeping car卧铺车
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Hangzhu will be the third Chinese city ___________ (hst) the Asian Games after Beijing and Guangzhu.
2．We are nw at a ___________ (turn) pint, s we shuld be very careful with ur decisin.
3．The cuple lived in a furnished flat ___________ (measure) apprximately 15 metres by 16 metres.
4．The ld building ___________ (date) back t the Sui Dynasty is still in gd cnditin.
5．I’m writing t apply fr the psitin ___________ (advertise) n the newspaper and I think I’m qualified fr it.
05 非谓语作状语
1．不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in rder或s as，但s as t不能用于句首。
T pass the cllege entrance exam，we must wrk hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stpped in rder t/s as t pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用于下列结构：nly t(不料……)、enugh t(足够……)、(太……而不能……)、 t...(如此……以至于……)等。
Tm hurried back nly t find that his mther had left. 汤姆匆忙赶回来，结果却发现他的母亲已经离开了。
He is clever enugh t wrk ut the difficult maths prblem.他足够聪明，能解决这道数学难题。
I’m t tired t stay up any lnger. 我太累了，不能再熬夜了。
(3)作原因状语
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。常用于这类结构的形容词和过去分词有srry，surprised，disappinted，excited，glad，happy，anxius，delighted，pleased，flish等。
We were astnished t find the temple still in its riginal cnditin.
我们吃惊地发现，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
注意：形容词如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，cmfrtable，heavy，gd，imprtant，impssible，dangerus等，表示主语的特征或性质，后面也常用不定式作状语，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The mrning air is s gd t breathe that he gets up early every day.
早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
This bk is difficult t understand. 这本书很难理解。
2．分词作状语
分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
(1)作时间状语相当于when，while，befre，since，as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated int English，the sentence was fund t have an entirely different wrd rder.
当这个句子被译成英语时，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because，since，as引导的原因状语从句。
①Nt understanding this prblem，he asked the teacher abut it.
②Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discuraged.
由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given anther hur，I can als wrk ut this prblem.
如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus。
Mre highways have been built in China，making it much easier fr peple t travel frm ne place t anther.
中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phned me，asking me t cme t his flat as sn as pssible.
一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于thugh，althugh，even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned f the danger，he still went skating n the thin ice.
虽然被警告有危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。
注意：某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lst(迷路的)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(隐瞒的)、lst/absrbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿着……的)、tired(对……感到厌倦的)、excited(兴奋的)等。
Absrbed in his bk，he didn’t ntice me enter the rm. 专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red，she lks mre beautiful. 穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．___________(engage) in making a difference t sciety, the students sught t be active citizens.
2．___________ (cnvince) f the accuracy f the data, they stuck t their pinin.
3．___________ (cmbine) yur knwledge with yur experience, yu are sure t succeed.
4．He hurriedly rushed t the statin, nly___________ (infrm) that the train wuld arrive late.
5．___________ (free) urselves frm the physical and mental tensin, we each need inner quietness.
06 非谓语作宾语补足语
1．后接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋t d”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allw允许encurage 鼓励permit准许frbid 禁止frce 强迫intend打算invite 邀请rder 命令；要求persuade说服require 需要；要求remind 提醒warn 警告。
The dctr warned him nt t eat t much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉。
He depends n yu t help him with his English. 他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne/t be dne/t be ding/t have been dne sth
He is said t have been cheated in the street. 据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reprted t have killed tw peple.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，bserve，lk at，ntice，hear， feel的宾语补足语有四种形式。
I saw him leave a few minutes ag. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I gt clser，I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
注意：“感官动词＋宾语＋省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加t。
The thief was bserved t enter the bank.(被动语态) 有人看见小偷进了银行。
(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：
The teacher made sme students stay in the classrm after schl.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried t make himself understd.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚。
Dn’t let yur child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。
3．“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay n the grass with his eyes lking at the sky. 他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态。
With his hair cut，he lked much yunger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lt f hmewrk t d，I can’t g skating with yu.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．We want t persuade males (think) abut career ptins f ging int nursing.
2．With prices (range)frm abut $40 t $100, the shes can be easy t get.
3．The bat was filled with water and sank, and Tad fund himself (struggle) in deep water.
4．We put up sme phts f tp universities in the classrm t keep urselves (remind) f ur dreams.
5．With the package (deliver) t the dr, she finally sighed with relief.
07 非谓语作表语
1. 不定式（t d）作表语
用法：通常用于表达目的、意图、愿望、职业、能力等，对主语进行解释，说明主语的具体内容或目标。
My dream is t becme a successful writer. 我的梦想是成为一名成功的作家。
2. 动名词（ding）作表语
用法：表示主语的惯常行为或状态，强调主语的性质或身份，通常与主语可互换位置且逻辑通顺。
My jb is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。
3. 分词（现在分词/过去分词）作表语
现在分词：表示主语的性质、特点或令人……的状态，常修饰物。
The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
过去分词dne：表示主语的感受或所处的被动状态，常修饰人。
We are excited at the gd news. 我们对这个好消息感到兴奋。
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He had nly six years f schling, and his ambitin was (becme) a sailr.
2．Yur task is (clean) the ld car ver there n yur wn.
3．Althugh it has been buried undergrund fr ver 1,000 years, the ancient queen’s bdy remains well (preserve).
4． (attach) t the email is a cpy f dcument bearing her signature.
5．The guests came in, but she remained (sit) by the desk.
01 如何确定填写动词词类转换
提示词为动词，如果该动词在句中既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则要考虑动词词形转换。动词转换成名词还是形容词，则要根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
考例1：Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the _________(criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items. (2024浙江卷1月)
考例2：They all agreed and vwed (承诺) t prmte the idea at the _________(cmplete) f their jurney. (2024全国甲卷)
02 动词转化为名词
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．If yu fail t keep the dentist’s __________ (appint), yu’ll have t pay fr it.
2．Many peple chse the train in__________ (prefer) t the car t travel.
3．The __________ (explre) f Mars by the newest rbtic system will begin next mnth.
4．The__________ (destry) f such species culd prevent researchers frm finding cures fr certain diseases.
5．The __________ (adapt) f the play by the famus writer became ppular in the cuntry.
03 动词转化为形容词
【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．His mix f talent, ambitin, energy, and luck made Dickens ne f the wrld’s best-knwn and mst ___________ (distinguish) writers.
2．At the graduatin ceremny, I bwed lw t ur ___________ (dedicate) English teacher t thank her fr her guidance and encuragement.
3．Teaching yung children is a ___________ (challenge) but rewarding jb.
4．Standing n the tp f the muntain, we can have a gd view f the ___________ (surrund) hills.
5．___________ (absrb) in his study, Mr. Li is always frgetting smething, which ften makes his wife angry.
括号内给动词综合能力提升
一、单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It (strike) me that n ne was at hme when I fund I had left my key behind at hme.
2．I (expect) t arrive n time, but I was caught in the traffic jam.
3．If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll find prbably a slutin that (suit) everyne.
4．He wuld have attended yur birthday party, but he (ccupy) himself with an imprtant experiment.
5．What (attract) me mst t the jb was the chance t travel abrad.
6．She was astnished; this was the first time she (hear) f such things.
7．The naughty by pretended (read) when the headmaster came int the classrm.
8．Teenagers may find it difficult (resist) peer pressure.
9． (admit) t Peking University makes my parents excited and prud.
10．It is n use (cmplain) all the time and the mst imprtant thing yu shuld d is lk fr the bright side f life.
11．I really appreciate yur (call) back this afternn.
12．With the final exam (apprach), all the students were busy ging ver their lessns.
13．The five yung men (arrest) by the plice last week are being questined in cnnectin with ne f the attacks.
14．When (walk) his dg in the park, he came acrss an ld friend f his.
15．The film star appeared, (accmpany) by a team f strng bdyguards.
16．The schl held an (impress) cming-f-age ceremny fr the students.
17．His (rely) advice helped me slve prblems in crss-cultural cmmunicatin.
18．His (cmmit) t science has inspired many yung researchers.
19．The (distribute) f resurces is unbalanced between rural and urban schls.
20．The mvie is a faithful (adapt) f the classic nvel, preserving mst f the riginal plt.
二、动词与语法填空
（25-26高三上·山西大同·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Zhengzhu, Henan prvince, the brand-new Dahecun Site Museum takes visitrs n a real-life jurney thrugh the evlutin f Chinese civilizatin 1 (date) back 7,000 years. Opened n June 14, the museum shwcases ver 1,600 artifacts frm mre than 30 archaelgical (考古学的) sites, many f 2 are being displayed publicly fr the first time.
Never befre has the early histry f China felt s clse. With 3 (advance) digital technlgy, the museum breathes life int Yangsha culture, knwn fr its painted pttery and marking 4 beginning f mdern Chinese archaelgy.
One f the mst eye-catching exhibits is a 6,000-year-ld twin pttery pt. Nt nly des its side-by-side design reflect tribal unity and friendship, but it als stands 5 a symbl f peace and artistic excellence. This masterpiece, nce 6 (keep) in the Henan Museum fr ver 50 years, has finally returned t where it was first unearthed.
7 (equal) impressive is a city wall frm the late Yangsha perid, rare evidence f early Chinese urban planning, which enables visitrs 8 (admire) ver 50 pttery pieces with sun and butterfly patterns and gain insight int the imaginatin and beliefs f ancient peple.
Nt until ne enters the immersive zne can the distant past feel s real. Recreated 9 (scene) f pttery-making and farming allw visitrs t see, hear and even smell the life f early settlers. S far, this unique experience 10 (bring) Chinese culture t life.解题思路
技法点拨
1.慧眼识别标志词
认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1) 一般现在时标志：ften，usually，always，smetimes等时间状语。
(2) 一般过去时标志：yesterday，last year，in 2022，the ther day等。
(3) 一般将来时标志：tmrrw，next year，in the future，sn等时间状语。
(4) 现在进行时标志：at this mment，at present，nw等时间状语。
(5) 现在完成时标志：since，in the last few years，s far/up t nw等时间状语。
(6) 过去完成时标志：by then，by the end f...等时间状语。
2.瞻前顾后找并列
(1)根据并列连词and，but，r，，nt als...等确定动词时态。
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3.通过常用句式法
(1)was/were ding... when...＋一般过去时
(2)was/were abut t d... when...＋一般过去时
(3)it is the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋现在完成时
(4)it was the＋序数词＋time＋that...＋过去完成时
(5)N sner had＋主语＋dne... than＋一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had＋主语＋dne... when＋一般过去时
(7)It will be＋时间段＋befre＋一般现在时
4.通过语境暗示法
分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
类型
主语
宾语
定语
状语
宾语补足语
表语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装
decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hpe/wish，refuse，manage，vlunteer，pretend
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮
ffer，prmise，chse，plan，agree，ask/beg，help
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
cnsider，suggest/advise，lk frward t，excuse，admit，delay, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
avid，miss，g n/keep n，practise，deny，finish，enjy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免
frbid，imagine，risk，can’t help，mind，allw/permit，escape
名词后缀
单词示例
－er/
－r
annunce→annuncer广播员 cnduct→cnductr指挥；售票员
instruct→instructr 指导者，教师 design→designer设计师
－ment
achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据
equip →equipment装备；设备 gvern→gvernment政府
－y
recver→recvery恢复 discver→discvery发现
－ance/
－ence
appear→appearance出现；外貌 perfrm→perfrmance表演；表现
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/
－ture
fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
－ing
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
－in/
－tin/
－sin/
crrect→crrectin改正 celebrate→celebratin庆祝
cnclude→cnclusin结论；结束 discuss→discussin讨论；论述
decide→decisin决定 admit→admissin承认；准许加入
permit→permissin允许，许可 invite→invitatin邀请
explain→explanatin解释 expect→expectatin期望
形容词后缀
单词示例
－able
suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
－ed
frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的anny vt.使生气→annyed adj. 恼怒的
－ing
cnvince vt.使信服→cnvincing adj.令人信服的thrill vt.使兴奋→ thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
－ful
frget vt.忘记→frgetful adj.健忘的succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
－ive
cmprehend v. 理解→cmprehensive adj. 综合性的create v. 创造→creative adj.有创造力的
－ant
tlerate v.容忍→tlerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的ignre v. 忽视→ignrant adj. 无知的，愚昧的