北京市东城区高三上学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版）-A4

这是一份北京市东城区高三上学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版）-A4，共10页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Drake was riding in the passenger seat f his grandfather’s truck alng Rute 75. The grandfather, Hugh, 68, was in cntact with a c-wrker when ___1___ smething was very wrng. Hugh ___2___ talking and lked nt quite himself. Drake called ut and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was n lnger cnscius.
Hugh’s c-wrker, wh was still n the line, tld Drake t use his grandfather’s cell phne t call his mther, Jessica. She ___3___ her sn t climb nt his grandfather’s lap, take hld f the wheel and pull ver t the shulder f the highway. Then the call drpped.
Drake lives n a farm and has driven glf carts. “There’s always an adult watching, but he drives alne,” his mther said. The ___4___ behind the wheel gave him the cnfidence t ___5___ his grandfather’s vehicle. He pulled ff, called 911 and tld the peratr what had happened and where he was lcated. “I’m really scared,” Drake added in tears. “I dn’t want him t die.”
Plice and an ambulance quickly arrived at the ___6___. Althugh Drake was relieved that help had arrived, he said, “I was still kind f ___7___. Rescue wrkers gave Hugh first aid, and, within abut 20 minutes, he started t feel better. “It was gd I had Drake with me,” Hugh said. He knws that had his grandsn nt been there with him, things culd have taken an awful ___8___ .
Drake’s parents said they weren’t ___9___ by his quick thinking. “He’s a unique little persn,” his mther said. “If I culd ____10____ any 10-year-ld in the wrld in that exact situatin, it wuld be Drake. My wn child saved my wn parent,” Jessica cntinued. “It made my heart swell.”
1. A. immediatelyB. finallyC. naturallyD. suddenly
2. A. missedB. frgtC. stppedD. meant
3. A. permittedB. instructedC. invitedD. warned
4. A. psitinB. visinC. experienceD. guidance
5. A. take verB. take ffC. take utD. take in
6. A. sceneB. hspitalC. farmD. shelter
7. A. satisfiedB. shakyC. cnfusedD. prud
8. A. chanceB. rleC. viewD. turn
9. A. inspiredB. surprisedC. impressedD. delighted
10 A. check nB. fcus nC. reflect nD. cunt n
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Knde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmre University, was inspired t start learning kung fu as a child after ___11___ (watch) martial arts mvies. What began as a hbby fr a child has since becme a way f life fr Knde, ___12___ is nw the chairman f the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Thrugh hard wrk, he ___13___ (lead) his team t victries at natinal champinships ver the past tw years.
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s s small, it culd help tiny rbts enter the bdy ___14___ (deliver) medicine. Previusly these rbts needed sunlight t wrk, which limited ___15___ they culd g. This new battery lets them wrk ___16___ needing external pwer. Currently, these batteries ___17___ (attach) t the rbts by wires, but in the future, scientists hpe t build the batteries int the rbts.
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-checkut machines are meant t prvide custmers with a faster and ___18___ (smth) shpping experience and eliminate lng lines at the register. Many peple prefer t scan and bag their wn ___19___ (item) and zip thrugh the transactin with great ease. At the same time, hwever, many custmers cmplain that self-checkut causes mre prblems than it slves. The machines can freeze up r scan ___20___ (crrect) fr example. That slws things dwn and defeats the whle purpse.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We are pleased t annunce the launch f the “2025 Yuth Pht Challenge fr Disaster Risk Reductin ”. Yung and amateur phtgraphers are invited t participate by sharing their best phts. The tp 10 selected phts will be exhibited and featured in UN cmmunicatin materials, which will fster a greater understanding and appreciatin f resilience in the face f climate emergency, and t increase the vices f yuth glbally.
Theme
The theme centers n the impact f heat waves, wildfires, and flds. In particular, we encurage participants t:
Recrd slutins, preventin measures, and mechanisms adpted by individuals, lcal cmmunities, and natinal authrities t tackle these climate challenges.
Reflect innvatin and adaptatin in the face f adversity.
Evaluatin criteria
Phts will be evaluated based n fur criteria:
Relevance t theme: This criterin assesses hw effectively the phtgraph captures the impact f heat waves, wildfires, and flds, as well as the respnse mechanisms emplyed t address these challenges.
Impact and strytelling: This criterin evaluates the emtinal strength f the phtgraph. Special cnsideratin will be given t phts that successfully tell stries f resilience and empwerment.
Creativity and riginality: This criterin fcuses n the uniqueness f the perspective and the innvative reflectin f the themes.
Technical quality: This criterin examines the technical aspects f the phtgraph, including cmpsitin and verall visual appeal.
Submissin guidelines
Submissin deadline: 15 September 2025
Annuncement f selected phts: The tp 10 phts will be annunced n 13 Octber 2025, the Internatinal Day fr Disaster Risk Reductin.
Entries shuld be emailed t [email protected] with the subject line “Summer 2025 Pht Challenge Submissin”.
Each submissin must include: the phtgrapher’s full name and age; lcatin f the pht and date; and brief descriptin (50-100 wrds) explaining the pht’s cntext and relevance t the theme.
Participants must cnfirm the riginality f their wrk and ensure they have btained all necessary permissins fr any identifiable individuals in the phts.
21. What d we knw abut the Pht Challenge?
A. It will display the best phtgraphs.B. It mainly fcuses n cmmunity effrts.
C. It is pen t prfessinal phtgraphers.D. It aims t wrk ut slutins t disasters.
22. An entry is likely t be chsen if it ___________.
A. reflects internatinal relief effrtsB. demnstrates the ptimism f yuth
C. shws the appeal f advanced technlgyD. presents riginal viewpints n climate crisis
23. What is ne f the requirements fr submissin?
A. Attaching a brief intrductin.B. Sending the entry by 13 Octber.
C. Cmpleting an applicatin frm.D. Getting permissin frm the cmmunity.
B
Tw years ag, fueled by my envy fr thse with gardens, I signed up fr a plt, a place where I culd read and write in the sun, safe frm distractins. A few mnths ag, I was presented a half-plt f available land. The plt, which was bigger than I culd dream f, was beautiful but vergrwn — getting it started wuld require hard wrk. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.
Fast frward t nw. After seeking guidance frm my family and watching beginners’ gardening vides, I spend hurs a week swing, weeding, watering and harvesting. My summer at the plt has s far ffered cuntless lessns, but the mst imprtant ne has been learning mre abut hw fd actually grws. Take the humble cauliflwer — a cmmn sight in the supermarket, yet it demands patient tending fr up t six mnths, all fr a shrt mment n the plate. Seasnality has als taken n a new meaning. I knew that all fresh fd has its “seasn” but it was nly when I was verwhelmed by an endless supply f curgettes that I really understd I culd be eating them fr mnths.
Yet abundant harvests cme with a lessn in impermanence. Fresh prduce ges ff quickly nce ripened and picked. And s I’ve turned t the ld craft f preservatin — learning what t bil and freeze, r make int jam — t make things last. When the harvest has been mre than I can manage, I’ve shared the abundance with friends and family, spreading the jy.
While gardening is a welcme escape frm the chas f the mdern wrld, yu can’t avid the reality f the climate crisis. It’s ne thing t read these in the news r see them reflected in prices, but it’s quite anther when yu have t be in tune with weather patterns, praying fr prlnged sunshine withut the unbearable heat.
As I cntinue t tend my plt, I d s with a sense f humility, wnder and excitement. What started as a desire fr a small patch f green has grwn int smething much mre significant — a cnnectin t my lcal envirnment, a respect fr the fd I eat and an awareness f the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was wrried I wuld fail the plt; instead, I’m finding myself grwing alngside it.
24. Hw did the authr feel when getting the plt?
A. Prud but anxius.B. Grateful but puzzled.
C. Amazed but wrried.D. Mved but disappinted.
25. While wrking n the plt, the authr learned t __________.
A. remve chas frm lifeB. create seasnal recipes
C. identify cmmn plantsD. respect laws f nature
26. What des the authr’s experience tell us?
A. Labr is the mst reliable wealth.B. Every seasn brings its wn lessns.
C. The land is made better and s is the gardener.D. One shuld stay hungry fr cnstant prgress.
C
In 1993, a ship sailed int the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 punds f irn, then dumped it all int the waves. The next mrning, the water turned a little greenish due t newly emerged phytplanktn (浮游生物). The micrrganisms, which need irn t grw, draw CO₂ ut f the air.
Fertilizing the cean with irn is a frm f geengineering, a set f technlgies fascinating fr their ptential t meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and cntrversial fr the same reasn. As the planet heats, geengineering is emplyed t manipulate (控制) it in nvel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt t increase hw much sunlight cluds reflect r invent machines t suck greenhuse gases ut f the atmsphere. Engineering hme-grwn planktn sunds like a less dramatic apprach. But the field is s new that scientists dn’t yet knw whether geengineering with micrrganisms wuld really be a gentler frm f climate interventin. Micrbes, after all, play enrmusly cnsequential rles in the wrld arund us and within us. Fr the best chance f keeping Earth liveable, scientists need t understand exactly hw the micrscpic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable t the mre sci-fi appraches t cling ff the wrld.
One favred apprach centers n methane, a greenhuse gas accunting fr 30% f the rise in glbal temperature. Mary Lidstrm, a prfessr, is wrking n genetically mdifying bacteria that naturally cnsume methane, s that the micrbes pull even mre gas frm the air. The bacteria wuld live inside facilities knwn as bireactrs. They culd be psitined near knwn methane surces — landfills and wetlands — t minimize the amunt f methane that makes it int the air.
Scaling up any kind f climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slwing warming caused by methane wuld require abut 300,000 bireactrs t be active fr 20 years. And the dwnstream effects are difficult t predict, let alne cntain. Fr example, the irn put int the Pacific Ocean culd have cnsequences fr ther regins f the wrld’s seas.
Als, there’s nearly as much uncertainty abut intended effects. Scientists dn’t knw fr sure hw effective these cncepts will prve t be. The 1993 ship expeditins, fr example, didn’t stick arund very lng; the jurneys were expensive, and scientists culdn’t remain at sea t determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbn stlen ut f the atmsphere shuld remain buried fr at least a century fr maximum impact Yet it’s entirely pssible that if the phytplanktn desn’t sink t deep enugh waters, it just gets eaten by the rganisms in the surface cean, and that CO₂ just returns t the atmsphere.
The htter the planet gets, the mre attractive geengineering will likely seem. Shrt f large-scale behaviral changes glbally, we d seem t be cmmitting urselves t an engineered slutin n ur current rutes. We might have t decide, sner than we think, which levers we need t pull, large r small.
27. What can we learn abut geengineering?
A. Ocean irn-fertilizatin is n the hrizn.B. Sunlight-reflectin methd is cst-effective.
C. Methane-eating bacteria are being imprved.D. Gas-sucking machine is a theretical cncept.
28. What can we infer frm Paragraph 4 abut the geengineering appraches?
A. Their impact n the ecsystem is verlked.B. Their implicatins are hard t anticipate.
C. They call fr decades f preparatin.D. They are mnitred cntinuusly.
29. The irn-fertilizatin experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________.
A. the target micrbes surviveB. carbn is stred separately
C the phytplanktn grws fasterD. mre deep-sea rganisms are tested
30. What might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw Will Geengineering Better Earth’s Systems?
B. Hw t Cl the Wrld Withut Blcking the Sun?
C. Hw t Steal Carbn with Sci-fi Appraches?
D. Hw Can the Engineered Slutin Deliver?
D
The age f artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty f anxieties. Almst all f the cnversatins abut risk have t d with the ptential cnsequences f AI systems pursuing gals that depart frm what they were prgrammed t d and that are nt in the interests f humans. But this is nly ne side f the danger. Imagine what culd unfld if AI des d what humans want.
“What humans want,” f curse, isn’t a mnlith. Different peple have cuntless ideas f what cnstitutes “the greater gd.” Even if we culd get everyne t fcus n the well-being f the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able t agree n what that might lk like.
That seems t be the reasn that DeepMind recently funded an internal rganizatin fcused n AI safety and preventing its manipulatin by bad actrs. But it’s nt ideal that what’s “bad” is ging t be determined by a handful f individuals at this ne particular crpratin — cmplete with their blind spts and persnal and cultural biases (偏见). The ptential prblem ges beynd humans harming ther humans. What’s “gd” fr humanity has, many times thrughut histry, cme at the expense f ther sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situatin tday.
In the US alne, we have billins f animals kept in cnfinement, subjected t cruel treatment, and denial f their basic psychlgical and physilgical needs at any given time. Entire species are dminated and systemically butchered s that we can have melets, burgers and shes.
If AI des exactly what “we” want it t, that wuld likely mean enacting this mass cruelty mre efficiently, at an even greater scale and with mre autmatin and fewer pprtunities fr sympathetic humans t step in and flag anything particularly hrrifying.
A better gal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests wuld be what I wuld call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accrdance with the interests f all sentient beings, including humans, all ther animals and, shuld it exist, sentient AI. This will strike sme as aggressive, because what’s gd fr all sentient life might nt always agree with what’s gd fr humankind. It might smetimes, even ften, be in ppsitin t what humans want r what wuld be best fr the greatest number f us.
Peter Singer, a philspher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate gals and pririties are mre imprtant than it being aligned with humans. “The questin is really whether this super intelligent AI is ging t be benevlent and want t prduce a better wrld,” Singer said, “and even if we dn’t cntrl it, it still will prduce a better wrld in which ur interests will get taken int accunt.”
I’m with Singer n this. Decentering humankind t any extent, and especially t this extreme, is an idea that will challenge peple. But that’s necessary if we’re t prevent ur current belief frm spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The authr mentins the rganizatin funded by DeepMind t __________.
A. questin a slutinB. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an exampleD. explain a practice
32. Which f the fllwing can best present the idea f “sentient alignment”?
A. AI extends the same rights t living beings.B. AI prmtes the interactin amng species.
C. AI benefits frm the develpment f humans.D. AI meets the demands f perceptive creatures.
33. What des the underlined wrd “benevlent” in Paragraph 7 prbably mean?
A Ambitius.B. Generus.C. Resurceful.D. Cmpetitive.
34. The authr’s majr cncern in develping AI is that __________.
A. AI pses a threat t the wrldB. sciety’s mrals are in decline
C humans priritize their wn needsD. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While cmpliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact n yu and the peple arund yu, creating a ripple f psitivity. Hwever, giving cmpliments requires skills and knwledge.
Mst cmpliments in ur culture fllw a very predictable pattern. ___35___ Abut tw-thirds f cmpliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, gd, beautiful, pretty, and great. In additin, abut 80% f cmpliments fllw three frmats. S if I liked a bk yu wrte and wanted t say smething psitive abut it, my cmpliment wuld prbably fllw ne f these basic patterns: “Yur bk is great,” “I lve yur bk,” r “That is a terrific bk.”
___36___ . Fr example, in 2011 a schlar shwed that wmen in unstructured settings bth give and receive far mre cmpliments than men. Abut three-quarters f wmen’s cmpliments t ther wmen in an unstructured, infrmal setting invlve appearance. In a gal-riented, frmal setting, 68% f praise statements are abut perfrmance. ___37___
Whether the cmpliment is effective depends n whether it is believable, apprpriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives, because I have little hair. Mre generally, peple with lw self-esteem dn’t usually receive cmpliments well. As researchers have shwn, in peple with high self-esteem, a cmpliment stimulates parts f the brain respnsible fr self-referential thinking. This ccurs significantly less fr peple wh have lw self-esteem.
Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, schlars cncluded, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
A. It must fllw the basic patterns.
B. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it.
C. What we chse t cmpliment depends n gender differences.
D. A gd cmpliment must nt cnflict with its recipient’s self-cnceptin.
E. If peple have negative view f a persn, they wuld resist his cmpliments.
F. In cntrast, men are mre likely t cmpliment ne anther n perfrmance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed tward anther persn’s appearance, perfrmance, r pssessins.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
My grandfather was a neursurgen and sculptr. When I was yung, I remember him trying t teach me t shape the unwieldy clay he used in his wrk. But I didn’t have the patience fr the firm clay and quickly gave up.
Nw, as a clinical psychlgist, I see s many peple wh dn’t have the ability t wait, and it is n wnder. In a wrld where it is pssible t get the answer t any questin instantly, why shuld any f us have t deal with delays and unknwns?
Hwever, learning hw t wait is gd fr us. Since missing my priceless pprtunity t learn’ t sculpt, I’ve cme t appreciate that psychlgical flexibility — being pen t and able t tlerate the uncmfrtable thughts and feelings that ften arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it cmes t mental health.
Fr many f us, the challenge is that being patient nw feels harder than ever befre. “We’ re nt getting the same pprtunities t practice waiting as we used t,” says Michel Dugas, a prfessr.
Waiting patiently is s difficult that we ften react by ding things that actually make us mre impatient, like cnstantly checking ur phnes fr updates r seeking reassurance frm everyne we knw.. “Technlgy creates the false belief that certainty is pssible, which leads t trying t attain certainty in all situatins, cntributing t wrry and anxiety,” says Dugas.
But it is pssible t develp patience — the ability t regulate yur emtins in the face f delays, frustratin, adversity and suffering.
In my wn experience, I’ve fund that slwing my breathing, lsening my grip and relaxing my face can help cunter impatience — fr instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it cmes t mre significant setbacks, I remind myself f Salzberg, a writer.
“There are s many times in my life where I think nthing’s happening fr me,” says Salzberg. “Then I lk back and say, ’Oh hw abut that, I was actually planting a seed that I culdn’t have guessed.’ S smetimes I just remind myself that even if I dn’t knw what it is right nw, there is a bigger picture.”
40. Why des the authr think peple dn’t have the ability t wait?
_____________________________________________________________
41. What has the authr cme t realize since missing his chance t learn t sculpt?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Technlgy makes peple mre impatient because it enables them t attain certainty in all situatins.
_____________________________________________________________
43. Hw d yu vercme impatience in life? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.发出邀请。
提示词： 跨学科综合实践活动 interdisciplinary learning activity
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua