2026届高考英语一轮复习:破解长难句 课件
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这是一份2026届高考英语一轮复习:破解长难句 课件,共19页。PPT课件主要包含了长难句的组成,修饰成分,1介词短语,2三大从句,3非谓语动词短语,如何快速读懂长难句,句子的类型,简单句,并列句,复合句等内容,欢迎下载使用。
主干(trunk):是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。
修饰成分(mdifier):在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用。这些修饰语有:介词短语、非谓语动词短语、从句等。
【起止标识】标记介词短语时,要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如: at hme、during my happy childhd、ver the last few years、t the destinatin
【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。
【例句】(After the lng day f wrk), she returned hme, tk ff her cat and cllapsed (nt the cuch) (in the living rm).
【起止标识】标记从句时,一定从关系词开始,到以下四种终止。
【定义】 从句是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、wh、whm、when、why、where、hw、which、if、althugh, after, befre…等关系词引导
① 到句尾终止,如:Li Hua is a by (wh excels in mathematics).
② 到句中的逗号终止,如:(When I arrived hme), it began t rain.
③ 到下一个修饰成分终止,如:I will visit Beijing (which is rich in histry and culture) with my family. (with my family是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故从句的标记在此处终止)
④ 到下一个谓语动词终止,如Beijing (which is rich in histry and culture) always attracts visitrs with its rich histry and culture.
【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时,一定是从动词不定式(t d)、动名词(ding)或分词(现在分词 ding或过去分词 dne)开头,到以下四种情况终止。
【定义】非谓语动词是指动词在句子中“不是谓语”时的几种变化形式,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三类。非谓语动词不能独立作谓语,而是充当句子的其他成分。由非谓语动词开头的、表示一个独立、完整的含义的结构叫做非谓语动词短语。
①到尾终止,如: Li Hua is a by (exceling in mathematics).
②到句中的逗号终止,如:(T enhance my language skills), I regularly participate in language exchange meetups.
③到下一个修饰成分终止,如: They dubted his ability (t slve cmplex prblems) in the first place. ( in the first place是介词短语,属于另一个修饰成分,故非谓语的标记在此处终止)
④到下一个谓语动词终止,如: They, (laughing and dancing), enjyed the evening arund t he campfire.
“一划 二括 三会意”
一划:划出句子主干(主谓宾、主系表);
二括:括出修饰成分(介词短语、非谓语动词和从句等);
三会意:抓主题,去修饰,按照逻辑理顺句意。
句子可以分为三种类型:简单句、并列句、复合句。
Having suffered a number f health prblems, frmer Olympic President Samaranch died n April 21 in Barcelna.
We tk pity n the peple in the disaster-hit area in Yushu and many students raised mney fr them.
The Internet is an exciting tl that nt nly puts vast infrmatin at yur fingertips but expands ptins.
Example:(2021·全国乙卷) These days, safety regulatins—nt t mentin the mdern sprts fan’s desire fr a gd view and a cmfrtable seat—tend t keep stadium capacities slightly lwer.
翻译:现在,由于安全规定,体育馆的容量有所减少,更不用说现代体育爱好者希望有良好的视野和舒适的座椅。
主干:These days, safety regulatins tend t keep stadium capacities slightly lwer.
【Tip 1】 在理解含有分隔结构的句子时,先理解插入语以外的内容,再理解插入语, 即“先读两端, 再读中间”。多数插入语都位于双逗号或双破折号之间, 和句子其他部分显性地隔离开来。
Type1:简单句(含有分隔结构)
Type2:简单句(介词短语、非谓语、从句等多种成分修饰)
Example 1:(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) The reasns relate t a variety f factrs, ①including reduced cncentratin, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency t multitask ②while cnsuming digital cntent.
翻译:这些原因涉及多种因素,包括注意力下降、娱乐心态以及在消费数字内容时一心多用的倾向。
主干:(主+谓+宾)The reasns relate t a variety f factrs.
①非谓语;②while+非谓语的省略结构
Example 2:(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Mrever, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zer emissins(排放)frm transprting plants frm sil t salad.
翻译:此外,在食用植物的同一栋建筑里有一个系统,意味着将植物从土壤运输到沙拉的零排放(排放)。
主干:Mrever, having a system means zer emissins...
where引导的定语从句,修饰building
【Tip 2】 找主干,去枝叶。分清句子附属成分和主要成分。确定主干成分,分析分词功能,再分析从句。
Example 1:(2024新课标Ⅱ卷)In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde(代码)that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.
翻译:如果处理不当,这本书可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂,但值得庆幸的是,坎贝尔拥有二十多年的专业经验,可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。
主干: such a bk culd prve as cmplicated as the cmputer cde but Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience
现在分词做后置定语修饰experiencde
Example 2:(2024年新课标I卷) Accrding t this thery, peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media,which are ften nt s serius ,and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print.
翻译:根据这一理论,人们在阅读数字文本时,会以一种适合社交媒体的心态去阅读,因为社交媒体通常并不那么严肃,人们在阅读时所花费的心力也比阅读印刷品时要少。
主干:peple apprach digital texts with a mindset(主+谓+宾)... and devte less mental effrt ...
which引导的非限制定语从句,修饰scial media
suited t过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰mindset
when引导的状语从句
【Tip 3】先找并列连词 (and, but, yet, r, fr, s, while, whether…r; neither…nt, nt nly …but als …),确定并列成分;然后将长句分解成多个分句, 理清各分句的内部结构和句意,再综合考虑全句, 即可明确整句话想表达的意思。
Example 1:(2024年新课标Ⅰ卷) Hwever,fr maximizing learning where mental fcus and reflectin are called fr, educatrs shuldn't assume all media are the same, even when they cntain identical wrds.
翻译:然而,为了最大限度地提高学习效果,在需要集中精力和思考的情况下,教育者不应认为所有媒体都是一样的,即使它们包含相同的文字。
主干:Hwever,fr maximizing learning,educatrs shuldn't assume ...
省略了that 的宾语从句,assume(that)
Type 4:主从复合句(多个从句; 从句套从句)
where引导的定语从句,修饰learning
Example 2:(2023年新课标Ⅰ卷)The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals.
翻译:该研究的关键发现在于,当人群被进一步细分为较小的“群体”,并允许他们讨论时,较小群体的平均值比同等数量独立个体的平均值更准确。
When引导时间状语从句
主干: The key finding f the study was that…
that引导定语从句,修饰先行词grups
【Tip 4】先主句,后从句。首先找出从属连词并确定主句,接着按照简单句的分析方法,梳理各分句的结构和意义,然后确定各从句的性质,也就是明确每个从句在句中分别修饰哪些词语或结构, 最后综合考虑全句大意。
Example:(2024新课标I卷)These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?
翻译:随着科技的发展,人们很容易借助移动应用程序对不同物种进行观察。既然我们越来越多地利用观测数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化,我想知道:这些数据是否可用吗?
since引导让步状语从句
主干:These bservatins utnumber the data and I wanted t knw ….
Type 5:并列句和主从复合句并存
【Tip 5】先读懂并列句,再看主从复合句。
Example 1: (2024年新课标I卷)“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences.
翻译:政府一直在努力想出措施来解决这个问题,特别是在伏尔加河以东的贫困农村地区,包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约,并扩大财政援助计划,以激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等国家偏远地区行医。
主干:The gvernment has struggled t cme up with measures t address the prblem...
Type 6:多种句式结构并存
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