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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration精品课后复习题
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________ n. 宇航员;太空人
________ n. 程序;步骤;手续
________ n. 火箭;火箭弹
________ n. 重力;引力
________ n. 边境;国界;边远地区
________ n. 交通工具;车辆
________ adj. 有智慧的;聪明的
________ n. 宇宙;天地万物
________ adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的
________ adj. 失望的;沮丧的
________ n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望;期望
________ adj. 独立的;自立的
________ v. 回收利用;再利用
________ n. 肌肉;实力;影响力
________ v. (使)浮动;(使)漂流;(使)漂浮
________ adv. 否则;要不然
________ prep. 在更远处;超出
________ adj. 太阳的;太阳能的
________ v. 缺乏;没有 n. 缺乏;短缺
________ v. 论证;争论;争辩
答案与解析
答案:astrnaut
解析:考查单元核心名词,对应“太空探索”主题,复数形式为astrnauts,例:Many yung peple dream f becming astrnauts.
答案:prcedure
解析:考查高频名词,侧重“正式的步骤手续”,例:The prcedure fr applying fr a space missin is very strict.
答案:rcket
解析:考查单元主题名词,指“火箭”,例:The rcket was launched successfully int space.
答案:gravity
解析:考查科学类名词,指“重力、引力”,例:Astrnauts feel weightless because there is less gravity in space.
答案:frntier
解析:考查名词,除“边境”外,还可表“探索领域的前沿”,贴合太空探索语境,例:Space is the final frntier fr human explratin.
答案:vehicle
解析:考查通用名词,泛指“交通工具、车辆”,例:This new vehicle is designed fr explring the surface f Mars.
答案:intelligent
解析:考查形容词,表“有智慧的”,对应名词intelligence(智力),例:Intelligent rbts are used in space missins.
答案:universe
解析:考查单元核心名词,指“宇宙”,例:Scientists are trying t understand the rigin f the universe.
答案:determined
解析:考查形容词,固定搭配be determined t d sth(下定决心做某事),例:He is determined t take part in the astrnaut training.
答案:disappinted
解析:考查形容词,修饰人表“失望的”,区别于disappinting(修饰物),例:He was disappinted when he failed the selectin.
答案:desire
解析:考查双词性词,作名词表“渴望”,作动词表“渴望”,固定搭配desire t d sth,例:She has a strng desire t explre space.
答案:independent
解析:考查形容词,固定搭配be independent f(独立于……),例:Astrnauts need t be independent when wrking in space.
答案:recycle
解析:考查动词,表“回收利用”,对应名词recycling(回收),例:We shuld recycle materials t prtect the envirnment fr space explratin.
答案:muscle
解析:考查名词,指“肌肉”,例:Astrnauts exercise t keep their muscles strng in space.
答案:flat
解析:考查动词,表“浮动、漂浮”,例:Objects flat freely in the weightless envirnment f space.
答案:therwise
解析:考查副词,表“否则、要不然”,例:Hurry up, therwise we will miss the launch f the rcket.
答案:beynd
解析:考查介词,表“在更远处、超出”,例:The stars we see are far beynd ur slar system.
答案:slar
解析:考查形容词,表“太阳的、太阳能的”,常见搭配slar energy(太阳能)、slar system(太阳系),例:The spaceship uses slar pwer fr energy.
答案:lack
解析:考查双词性词,作动词表“缺乏”,作名词表“短缺”,固定搭配lack f(缺乏……),例:The prject stpped due t lack f funds.
答案:argue
解析:考查动词,表“论证、争论”,固定搭配argue fr/against(支持/反对),例:Scientists argue abut the pssibility f life n Mars.
二、词性转换
determine vt. 查明;确定 → ________ adj. 有决心的;意志坚定的 → ________ n. 决心;果断
desire n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望 → ________ adj. 渴望的;想要的
independent adj. 独立的;自立的 → ________ adv. 独立地;自立地 → ________ n. 独立
lack v. & n. 缺乏;没有 → ________ adj. 缺乏的;不足的
argue v. 论证;争论 → ________ n. 争论;争吵;论点
analyse vt. 分析 → ________ n. 分析;分析结果(单数)→ ________ n. 分析;分析结果(复数)
regular adj. 定期的;经常的 → ________ adv. 经常;定期地
limit v. & n. 限制 → ________ adj. 有限的 → ________ adj. 无限的
mystery n. 神秘事物;谜 → ________ adj. 神秘的
attach vt. 系;绑;贴 → ________ adj. 附着的;依恋的 → ________ n. 附件;爱慕
glbe n. 地球;地球仪 → ________ adj. 全球的;整体的
disappint vt. 使失望 → ________ adj. 失望的(修饰人)→ ________ adj. 令人失望的(修饰物)→ ________ n. 失望
intelligent adj. 有智慧的;聪明的 → ________ n. 智力;才智
universal adj. 普遍存在的;全世界的 → ________ n. 宇宙
transmit vt. & vi. 传输;发送 → ________ n. 传输;发送
sufficient adj. 足够的;充足的 → ________ adj. 不足的;不够的 → ________ n. 充足
current adj. 当前的;现在的 n. 水流;电流 → ________ adv. 现时;当前
keen adj. 热衷的;渴望的 → ________ n. 热情;渴望
fatal adj. 致命的;灾难性的 → ________ adv. 致命地;灾难性地
shallw adj. 肤浅的;浅的 → ________ adv. 肤浅地;表面地
答案与解析
答案:determined;determinatin
解析:考查动词变形容词和名词,determine加-ed变形容词determined(有决心的),加名词后缀-in变determinatin(决心),例:She is determined t succeed with strng determinatin.
答案:desirable
解析:考查动词变形容词,desire加后缀-able变desirable(渴望的、合意的),例:A trip t space is a desirable experience fr many peple.
答案:independently;independence
解析:考查形容词变副词和名词,independent加-ly变副词independently(独立地),去形容词后缀-ent加-ence变名词independence(独立),例:She lives independently and values her independence.
答案:lacking
解析:考查动词变形容词,lack加-ing变形容词lacking(缺乏的),固定搭配be lacking in(缺乏……),例:The team is lacking in experience fr space missins.
答案:argument
解析:考查动词变名词,argue去-e加-ment变argument(争论、论点),例:They had a heated argument abut space explratin.
答案:analysis;analyses
解析:考查动词变名词(不规则复数),analyse变名词为analysis(单数),复数形式为analyses,例:The analysis f the data is imprtant;these analyses help us draw cnclusins.
答案:regularly
解析:考查形容词变副词,regular加-ly变regularly(定期地),例:Scientists regularly send prbes t explre ther planets.
答案:limited;unlimited
解析:考查动词变形容词及反义词,limit加-ed变limited(有限的),加否定前缀un-变unlimited(无限的),例:Earth's resurces are limited, but space has unlimited pssibilities.
答案:mysterius
解析:考查名词变形容词,mystery去-y加-ius变mysterius(神秘的),例:The mysterius lights in the sky made peple think f aliens.
答案:attached;attachment
解析:考查动词变形容词和名词,attach加-ed变形容词attached(附着的),加-ment变名词attachment(附件),例:The attached file has mre details;her attachment t space research is strng.
答案:glbal
解析:考查名词变形容词,glbe加-al变glbal(全球的),例:Glbal cperatin is needed fr large-scale space prjects.
答案:disappinted;disappinting;disappintment
解析:考查动词变形容词和名词,disappint加-ed变disappinted(修饰人),加-ing变disappinting(修饰物),加-ment变disappintment(失望),例:He was disappinted by the disappinting result, which caused him great disappintment.
答案:intelligence
解析:考查形容词变名词,intelligent去-t加-ce变intelligence(智力),例:High intelligence is nt the nly requirement fr astrnauts.
答案:universe
解析:考查形容词变名词,universal去形容词后缀-al变名词universe(宇宙),例:The universal law applies t the entire universe.
答案:transmissin
解析:考查动词变名词,transmit去-t加-sin变transmissin(传输),例:The transmissin f data frm Mars takes a lng time.
答案:insufficient;sufficiency
解析:考查形容词变反义词和名词,sufficient加否定前缀in-变insufficient(不足的),去-t加-cy变名词sufficiency(充足),例:The funds are insufficient;we need t ensure sufficiency f resurces.
答案:currently
解析:考查形容词变副词,current加-ly变currently(现时),例:Currently, scientists are studying the sil samples frm the mn.
答案:keenness
解析:考查形容词变名词,keen加-ness变keenness(热情),例:His keenness fr space explratin is impressive.
答案:fatally
解析:考查形容词变副词,fatal加-ly变fatally(致命地),例:The accident fatally damaged the spaceship's engine.
答案:shallwly
解析:考查形容词变副词,shallw加-ly变shallwly(肤浅地),例:He nly discussed the prblem shallwly, withut deep analysis.
三、单句语法填空
Yang Liwei is ne f the mst famus ________ (astrnaut) in China, wh successfully rbited Earth in 2003.
答案:astrnauts
解析:考查名词复数,“ne f+形容词最高级”后接可数名词复数形式,astrnaut的复数为astrnauts,贴合“杨利伟是著名宇航员之一”的语境。
The ________ (prceed) fr launching a rcket requires strict checks t ensure safety.
答案:prcedure
解析:考查词性转换,定冠词the后接名词,prceed的名词形式为prcedure(程序),指火箭发射的正式步骤,符合语境。
It is knwn that ________ (gravity) n the mn is abut ne-sixth f that n Earth.
答案:gravity
解析:考查名词,gravity为不可数名词,指“重力”,此处直接用原形,描述月球重力与地球重力的关系,属于科学常识。
She is ________ (determine) t becme a space scientist and has been studying hard fr it.
答案:determined
解析:考查形容词,固定搭配be determined t d sth(下定决心做某事),determine的形容词形式为determined,表“有决心的”。
His strng ________ (desire) t explre the universe drve him t apply fr the astrnaut prgram.
答案:desire
解析:考查名词,形容词strng后接名词,desire此处为名词“渴望”,后接不定式作后置定语,符合“探索宇宙的渴望驱使他申请宇航员项目”的逻辑。
As is reprted, the prject failed due t ________ (lack) f financial supprt.
答案:lack
解析:考查固定搭配,due t后接名词短语,lack f为固定搭配“缺乏……”,lack此处为名词,例:The plan failed fr lack f time.
Sme scientists ________ (argue) that space explratin is a waste f mney, while thers disagree.
答案:argue
解析:考查动词时态,句子描述客观存在的争论,时态为一般现在时,主语sme scientists为复数,谓语用原形argue。
Yu shuld ________ (attachment) the label t yur luggage befre checking in at the airprt.
答案:attach
解析:考查词性转换,情态动词shuld后接动词原形,attachment的动词形式为attach,固定搭配(把……贴到……上)。
The ld satellite, ________ (launch) in 2005, stpped wrking last mnth.
答案:launched
解析:考查过去分词作定语,launch与the ld satellite是被动关系(卫星被发射),故用过去分词launched,相当于which was launched。
________ (study) the surface f Mars, scientists sent the Tianwen-1 prbe t the red planet.
答案:T study
解析:考查不定式作目的状语,此处“发送天问一号探测器”的目的是“研究火星表面”,故用不定式T study,句首首字母大写。
It is likely ________ we will set up a base n the mn in the next 20 years.
答案:that
解析:考查主语从句,It is likely that...为固定句型,it为形式主语,真正主语是后面的that从句,that不可省略,表“未来20年可能在月球建基地”。
The astrnaut needs t exercise every day t prevent his muscles frm ________ (weaken) in space.
答案:weakening
解析:考查动名词,固定搭配 ding sth(阻止……做某事),weaken的动名词形式为weakening,表“阻止肌肉变弱”。
________ is ften the case, new technlgies frm space explratin benefit ur daily life.
答案:As
解析:考查非限制性定语从句,as is ften the case为固定表达“正如通常情况那样”,as指代后面整个主句内容,引导非限制性定语从句。
The ________ (analyse) f the sil samples frm Mars shwed n signs f life.
答案:analysis
解析:考查词性转换,定冠词the后接名词,analyse的名词形式为analysis(单数),表“火星土壤样本的分析”。
We must use natural resurces wisely, fr they ________ (run) ut ne day.
答案:will run
解析:考查动词时态,“ne day”提示动作发生在将来,run ut为不及物动词短语“耗尽”,故用一般将来时will run。
He was disappinted ________ (find) that he didn't meet the physical requirements fr an astrnaut.
答案:t find
解析:考查不定式作原因状语,be disappinted t d sth为固定搭配“做某事感到失望”,此处用不定式t find表失望的原因。
This is the first time humans ________ (send) a rver t explre the far side f the mn.
答案:have sent
解析:考查时态,“This is the first time+从句”结构中,从句用现在完成时,表“第一次做某事”,故用have sent。
She attached great imprtance ________ learning English, as it is useful fr space missins.
答案:t
解析:考查固定搭配,attach imprtance t为固定短语“重视……”,t为介词,后接动名词learning,符合“重视英语学习”的语境。
________ (regular) space missins help us better understand the rigin f the universe.
答案:Regular
解析:考查形容词,此处需用形容词修饰名词space missins,regular的形容词形式为Regular(定期的),句首首字母大写。
The spaceship is equipped with slar panels t prvide ________ (electric) fr its systems.
答案:electricity
解析:考查词性转换,动词prvide后接名词作宾语,electric的名词形式为electricity(电),表“太阳能板提供电力”。
四、完成句子
他下定决心努力学习,希望有一天能实现成为宇航员的梦想。(be determined t; in the hpe f)
He ________ ________ ________ study hard ________ ________ ________ realizing his dream f becming an astrnaut ne day.
答案:is determined t;in the hpe f
解析:考查固定短语be determined t d sth(下定决心做某事)和in the hpe f(希望……),主语he为第三人称单数,be动词用is;in the hpe f后接动名词,符合“努力学习希望实现宇航员梦想”的语境。
正如大家所知,中国在太空探索领域已经取得了巨大成就。(As is knwn; space explratin)
________ ________ ________ t all, China has made great achievements in ________ ________.
答案:As is knwn;space explratin
解析:考查固定句型As is knwn t all(正如大家所知)和名词短语space explratin(太空探索),As引导非限制性定语从句;in后接名词短语作领域说明,贴合单元主题。
由于缺乏经验,这位年轻的科学家在实验中遇到了很多困难。(lack f; encunter)
Due t ________ ________ ________ experience, the yung scientist ________ many difficulties in the experiment.
答案:lack f;encuntered
解析:考查固定短语lack f(缺乏……)和动词encunter(遇到),due t后接名词短语;句子描述过去发生的事情,encunter用过去式encuntered,符合“实验中遇到困难”的语境。
据报道,这颗新卫星将用于监测地球气候,这将导致我们对气候变化的理解进一步加深。(mnitr; result in)
It is reprted that this new satellite will be used ________ ________ Earth's climate, which will ________ ________ a deeper understanding f climate change.
答案:t mnitr;result in
解析:考查固定搭配be used t d sth(被用来做某事)和result in(导致),mnitr用不定式t mnitr表用途;will后接动词原形result in,表“卫星监测气候导致理解加深”的逻辑。
他太专注于太空研究了,以至于经常忘记吃饭。(; cncentrate n)
He ________ ________ ________ ________ space research ________ he ften frgets t eat.
答案:is s cncentrated n;that
解析:考查固定句型(如此……以至于……)和短语cncentrate n(专注于),s修饰形容词cncentrated(专注的);that引导结果状语从句,符合“专注研究忘记吃饭”的语境。
我们必须意识到地球资源是有限的,所以保护资源是我们的责任。(limited; respnsibility)
We must realize that Earth's resurces are ________, s it is ur ________ t prtect them.
答案:limited;respnsibility
解析:考查形容词limited(有限的)和名词respnsibility(责任),be动词后接形容词作表语;形容词性物主代词ur后接名词,贴合“保护有限资源是责任”的主题。
为了在太空中生存,宇航员必须学会如何在失重环境下进行日常活动。(survive; weightless)
________ ________ in space, astrnauts must learn hw t d daily activities in a ________ envirnment.
答案:T survive;weightless
解析:考查不定式作目的状语和形容词weightless(失重的),T survive表“为了生存”;名词envirnment前用形容词weightless修饰,描述太空环境特征。
她渴望了解更多关于火星的知识,于是报名参加了学校的太空俱乐部。(desire; sign up fr)
She ________ ________ ________ learn mre abut Mars, s she ________ ________ ________ the schl's space club.
答案:has a desire t;signed up fr
解析:考查固定短语have a desire t d sth(渴望做某事)和sign up fr(报名参加),主语she为第三人称单数,have用has;“报名”是过去发生的动作,sign用过去式signed,符合语境。
如果我们继续浪费资源,它们迟早会耗尽。(run ut; sner r later)
If we cntinue t waste resurces, they ________ ________ ________ sner r later.
答案:will run ut
解析:考查动词短语run ut(耗尽)和时态,if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时will run ut;sner r later(迟早)提示动作未来发生,符合“资源耗尽”的逻辑。
他认为太空探索不仅能拓展人类的视野,还能推动科技进步。(argue; nt als...)
He ________ ________ space explratin ________ ________ braden human's hrizns ________ ________ prmte technlgical prgress.
答案:argues that;nt nly;but als
解析:考查动词argue(认为)和并列结构nt als...(不仅……还……),主语he为第三人称单数,argue用argues,后接that引导宾语从句;nt als...连接两个并列谓语动词braden和prmte,表递进关系。
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