2025年中考英语二轮专题复习第十讲-动词六大基本时态课件

动词时态适合全学段时间状态一、一般现在时1．一般现在时表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态。 一般现在时通常与表示现在的时间状语：always，often，usually，every day，sometimes，once a week 。 I always watch TV at 8：00 in the evening. They go home once a week. We usually do our homework at home.2. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。The light travels faster than the sound.The sun rises from earth.3. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。He will help you If you ask him.4. 第三人称单数动词变化规则。(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加­s。come—comes　speak—speakslive—lives work—works(2)以o，s，x，ch，sh结尾的单词，一般在词尾加­es。do—does　go—goes　finish—finishes　brush—brushes　fix—fixes　pass—passes　watch—watches(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加­es。study—studies　carry—carries　cry—cries(4)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词，在词尾直接加­s。play—plays　stay—stays二、一般过去时1．一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态，不强调与现在的关系。通常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，last night，some years ago，in 1990，in those days等连用。I was a student 6 years ago.I went to Beijing last year.They saw a film last night.2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3.有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示“本来认为”.I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你3．动词过去式变化规则。(1)一般情况下在动词词尾加­ed。work—worked　call—called　laugh—laughedexplain—explained　finish—finishedknock—knocked(2)以不发音的字母e结尾的单词直接加­d。live—lived　change—changed　smoke—smokeddie—died　graduate—graduated(3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词，变y为i加­ed。study—studied　carry—carried　cry—criedtry—tried　marry—married(4)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加­ed。play—played　stay—stayed(5)以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的单词应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加­ed。stop—stopped　plan—planned　pat—patted(6)动词不规则变化：do—did　go—went　come—came　run—ranwrite—wrote　begin—began　drink—drankkeep—kept　leave—left　sleep—slept　make—madelie—lay　dig—dug　eat—ate　know—knew　cut—cut　set—set　let—let　read—read　hurt—hurt三、一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next Sunday，soon，in a few days等连用。1．主语＋will/shall＋动原＋...(shall常用于第一人称)Which book shall I read first? They will have a meeting next week.2．be (am，is，are) going toThey're going to swim next Sunday.What are they going to do next Sunday?3．be about to＋v.原形 (此时通常不与表示将来的时间状语连用)I am about to leave school.They are about to set out.(√)They are about to set out soon.(×)注意：还可以用其他时态表将来(1)动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return用一般现在时表示将来。主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情(如列车时刻表等)。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.(2)在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。When Bill comes，ask him to wait for me.(3)现在进行时表将来。意为“意图”“打算”“安排”，常用词为come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。I'm leaving tomorrow. 四、现在进行时1．现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生或进行的动作。通常与now，at present 等时间状语连用。We are waiting for you.Mr.Green is writing another novel. (说话时不一定在写，现阶段处于写作的状态。)2．基本结构：主语＋be (am，is，are)＋ do­ing You are listening to me carefully now.She is writing a report this week.Look! They are dancing.We are studying English at present.It's raining hard now.3．动词现在分词的构成(1)一般动词直接在词尾加­ing。do—doing　read—reading　work—workingthink—thinking　study—studying　go—going　watch—watching　jump—jumping(2)以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加­ing。like—liking　take—taking　leave—leavinglive—living　receive—receiving　dance—dancing　come—coming　smoke—smoking　write—writing(3) 以“一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母”的重读闭音节结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加­ing。stop—stopping　begin—beginningdig—digging　swim—swimming run—running　sit—sitting(注意：listen—listening　open—opening　eat—eatingrain—raining　sleep—sleeping)四、过去进行时1．表示过去某一时刻或某阶段时间正在进行的动作， 通常与 yesterday,at this/that time yesterday, when引导的时间状语等连用。2．句型结构：主语＋was/were ＋do­ing It was raining at 7：00 the day before yesterday.They were building a house at this time last winter.We were reading when the teacher came in..What were you doing when the teacher came in?五、现在完成时1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2．表示过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，通常与时间状语up to now，in the past，recently，by...，for 5 years，since 1994，so far，already，yet，ever，just等连用。I have seen the film. I saw the film three days ago. 3．句型结构：主语＋have/has＋动词过去分词I've finished this work.I have not heard from her recently.I have already read this book.—Have you finished the work?—Yes，I have./—No，I haven't.What have you read recently?4．过去分词的构成 (变化规则同过去式的变化规则)常用的不规则动词变化如下：cost—cost—costbeat—beat—beatenbecome—became—becomehear—heard—heardfly—flew—flown复习一下一般现在时、现在进行时，现在完成时一般过去时，过去进行时，一般将来时