Unit 8 Safe and sound重点知识清单 -2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册

这是一份Unit 8 Safe and sound重点知识清单 -2025-2026学年译林版（2024）八年级英语上册，共9页。
8A Unit 8 Safe and sound重点知识清单单元主题内容框架能听懂有关自然灾害的音频材料能口头谈论如何应对自然灾难能读懂有关自然灾难的文章能讲述在灾难面前如何保持安全重点单词1.sound adj. 健康的，无损伤的2.emergency n. 紧急情况3.situation n. 状态，情况4.lightning n. 闪电5.office n. 办公室，办公楼6.homeless adj. 无家可归的7.coach n. 长途汽车8.road n. 道路9.accident n. 事故10.state n. 状态11.fireman n. (pl. firemen) 消防员12.traffic n. 交通13.terrible adj. 可怕的14.shake n., vi. & vt. 摇动15.thunder n. 雷声16.shout vi. & n. 呼喊，喊叫17.fear n. 恐惧，害怕18.direction n. 方向19.silent adj. 安静的20.if conj. 是否21.nervous adj. 焦虑的；胆怯的22.beat vi. & vt. (使)规律作响或运动；用力敲打23.calm vi. & vt. (使)平静，(使)镇静24.since conj. 因为，既然25.weak adj. 虚弱的26.voice n. 嗓音，说话声，唱歌声27.except prep. 除……之外28.smoke n. 烟29.burn vi. 着火 vt. & vi. (使)烧毁，烧伤30.heavily adv. 大量地31.guess vi. & vt. 猜测，估计32.hat n. (常指带檐的)帽子33.clear vt. 清除，清理34.policeman n. (pl. policemen) (男)警察35.ache n. & vi. 疼痛36.postman n. (pl. postmen) 邮递员37.airport n. 机场38.passport n. 护照39.report vi., vt. & n. 报道；汇报；传闻40.including prep. 包括……在内41.sign n. 标牌，指示牌42.avoid vt. 避免，防止43.wound n. 伤，伤口44.bleed vi. 流血，失血45.press vt. & vi. 按，压46.warn vt. & vi. 警告，告诫词形变化47.homeless adj. → home n. 家；住所48.direction n. → direct v. 把……对准(某方向)49.silent adj. → silence n. 安静；寂静；沉默50.heavily adv. → heavy adj. 重的；沉的51.report v. → reporter n. 记者52.warn v. → warning n. 警告；警示重点短语53.safe and sound 安然无恙54.in fear 恐惧地，害怕地55.in all directions 四处，到处56.say to oneself 暗想；自言自语57.calm down (使)平静58.put out 扑灭，熄灭59.so far 迄今为止重点句型60.I was working when the earthquake started.地震发生时我正在工作。61.When I got up on Saturday morning, it was snowing heavily.星期六早上我起床时，正下着大雪。Period 1 Welcome to the unit吃透知识点1.sound adj. 健康的，无损伤的adj.：完好的；健康的；无损伤的；未受伤的；明智的；合理的；正确的；可靠的；酣畅的；香甜的n.：声音；响声；声；声响We arrived home safe and sound. 我们安然无恙地到了家。He gave me some very sound advice. 他给了我一些非常合理的忠告。I want to be a sound sleeper. 我想成为一个睡觉很沉的人。She heard the sound of footsteps outside. 她听见外面有脚步声。Sound travels more slowly than light. 声音比光传播得慢。2.fireman n. 消防员（复数形式为 firemen）构词法：fire (n. 火) + man (n. 人) → fireman常见的以 -man 结尾的表示职业的名词还有 policeman 男警察、postman 邮递员、businessman 商人、sportsman 男运动员、craftsman 手工艺人、doorman 门厅侍者、salesman 男推销员。Period 2 Reading吃透知识点1.direction n. 方向Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down. 外面，人们四处奔跑，玻璃碎片和砖块如雨点般落下。Tom went off in the direction of home. 汤姆朝家的方向去了。She glanced in his direction. 她朝他那个方向瞥了一眼。2.silent adj. 安静的含义：adj. 安静的；沉默的；不说话的名词形式及用法：silence n. 安静；寂静；沉默；in silence 安静地；沉默地；break the silence 打破寂静；开口说话It was dark and silent around me. 我周围一片漆黑和寂静。As the curtain rose, the audience fell silent. 幕启时，观众安静下来。They stood in silence. 他们默默地站着。A scream broke the silence of the night. 一声尖叫划破了夜晚的宁静。3.calm vi. & vt. (使)平静，(使)镇静v.：使平静；使镇静；calm (sb./sth.) down 使（某人/某物）平静adj.：镇静的；沉着的；平静的时期；宁静的状态n.：泰然自若者Have some tea. It'll calm your nerves. 喝点茶吧。这会使你紧张的神经松弛下来。We waited inside until things calmed down. 我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。It is important to keep calm in an emergency. 情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。Her previous calm gave way to terror. 她先前的泰然自若已变为惊恐。4.voice n. 嗓音，说话声，唱歌声n.：嗓音；说话声；唱歌声；发言权；发表意见的权利；影响v.：表示，表露（感情或意见）I could hear voices in the next room. 我能听到隔壁说话的声音。Employees should have a voice in the decision-making process. 雇员在决策的过程中应该有发言权。A number of parents have voiced concern about their children's safety. 一些家长对他们子女的安全表示了担心。Period 3 Grammar & Word power吃透知识点1.heavily adv. 大量地含义：大量地；在很大程度上；装满（或装载）重物的；重载的；以猛力；沉重地；缓慢又高声地；令人心情沉重When I got up on Saturday morning, it was snowing heavily. 星期六早上我起床时，正下着大雪。He relies heavily on his parents. 他极度依赖父母。The van is heavily loaded. 这辆货车满载重物。She fell heavily to the ground. 她重重地摔倒在地。She was now breathing heavily. 她喘着粗气。The burden of guilt weighed heavily on his mind. 愧疚之情压得他透不过气来。小延伸：heavy adj. 重的；沉的；（在数量、程度等方面）超出一般的，比一般严重的2.clear vt. 清除，清理v.：移走，搬走，清除（不需要的东西）；清理；使人离开adj.：清晰易懂的；明白清楚的；不含混的；无疑的；清楚的；明白的；容易看见的；听得清的；透明的；清澈的；无云（或雾）的；晴朗的adv.：离开；不靠近；不接触Clear all those papers off the desk. 把桌子上所有那些文件都拿走。After the bomb warning, police cleared the streets. 接到有炸弹的警告后，警察疏散了街上的行人。She gave me clear and precise directions. 她给了我清晰而准确的指示。I'm still not clear what the job involves. 我仍然不明白这项工作包括哪些内容。The photo wasn't very clear. 这张照片不太清晰。The water was so clear that we could see the bottom of the lake. 湖水清澈见底。On a clear day you can see France. 天气晴朗时你可以看见法国。Stand clear of the train doors. 不要靠近火车门站立。3.构词法⑧：合成词在英语中，我们可以将两个单词组合在一起，从而组成新的单词，这种构词法被称为合成法，新组成的单词被称为合成词（compound word）。用合成法构成新的名词的常见规则有：吃透语法过去进行时（一）过去进行时的用法和基本结构a.过去进行时用来描述过去某个时刻或某一时段正在进行的动作。b.过去进行时的基本结构是“was/were + 现在分词”。c.常见的时间状语有 at that time、this time yesterday、at... last night 等。如：They were watching TV at 8:00 last night. 昨天晚上八点他们正在看电视。小延伸：过去进行时常常出现在讲故事的语境中，在讲故事或叙述过去的场景中常被用来营造画面感、设置背景或强调动作的持续性和未完成性。Alice was sitting with her sister by the river. 爱丽丝正和姐姐坐在河边。（二）过去进行时的句式变化d.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句肯定句：主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他。否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他。一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他？肯定句：The girl was doing her homework at that time.否定句：The girl wasn't doing her homework at that time.一般疑问句：Was the girl doing her homework at that time?e.特殊疑问句对主语提问：Who + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他？另一种结构：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他？Who was running at that time? 当时谁正在跑步？What were the children doing then? 那时孩子们正在做什么？Where were they watching the movie? 他们正在哪里看这部电影？（三）过去进行时与一般过去时的区别这两种时态虽然都表示过去发生的事情，但过去进行时强调过去某一时刻或时段正在进行或持续的动作；一般过去时表示过去的时间里所发生的动作，所表示的动作往往已经完成。如：I was writing to my penfriend at 7 o'clock last night. 昨晚七点钟我正在给我的笔友写信。I wrote to my penfriend last night. 我昨晚写信给我的笔友。（四）when/while/as 引导的时间状语从句与过去进行时连用f.过去进行时可以和 when、while、as 引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用，构成主从复合句。如：When I saw her, she was talking to someone on the phone. 当我看到她时，她正在和别人通电话。While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him. 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。As we were having dinner, the phone rang. 当我们正在吃晚饭时，电话铃响了。g.when 和 as 既可以指某一时间点，也可以指某一段时间，引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词；while 指一段时间，引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。When/As the movie ended, we went out for dinner. 电影结束后，我们出去吃晚饭。Someone knocked at the door while I was cooking. 当我正在做饭的时候，有人敲门了。h.在含 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，则表示一个动作正在进行的时候另一个动作（突然）发生了，强调后一动作发生的突然性。I was walking in the street when someone called me. 我走在街上时突然有人喊我。i.当主句和从句的动作都是延续的或同时发生的，且都用过去进行时的时候，多用 while 引导时间状语从句。如：While she was sleeping, I was reading a book. 当她睡觉时，我正在读一本书。j.当主句和从句动作同时进行主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只用 as。此时 as 意为“随着……”“一边……，一边……”。As time passed, things seemed to get worse. 随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更糟糕了。Period 4 Integration吃透知识点1.report vi., vt. & n. 报道；汇报；传闻n.：报道；汇报；传闻；It is reported that... 据报道……v.：汇报；报道；举报；告发派生词：reporter n. 记者Are these newspaper reports true? 报纸上这些报道属实吗？Call me if you have anything to report. 如果有什么事要向我汇报，给我打电话。It is reported that when other people see you showing compassion, they want to do it too. 据报道，当别人看到你表现出同情时，他们也想这样做。The idea of this group was from Sandy, a retired reporter. 这个小组的想法来自退休记者桑迪。2.sign n. 标牌，指示牌n.：标牌，指示牌 — road sign 路标；手势；示意的 — a sign for sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事；动作（或声音）；迹象 — the sign of... ……的迹象；(聋人的)手语 — 与 sign language 意思相同v.：签名；签字（常作及物动词）They set up fences and put up "No Swimming" signs along the river to protect people. 他们设上围栏，并且沿着河流贴“禁止游泳”的标志，以此保护人们的安全。She nodded as a sign for us to sit down. 她点头示意我们坐下。Headaches may be a sign of stress. 头痛可能是紧张的迹象。They communicated in sign language. 他们用手语沟通。Sign your name here, please. 请在这里签名。小延伸：sign 作动词表示“签名”时，其名词形式为 signature，意为“签名；署名”。如：There is her signature on the document. 文件上有她的签名。3.avoid vt. 避免，防止含义：v. 避免，防止；回避；避开；躲避常见用法：avoid doing sth. 避免做某事They built a wall to avoid soil being washed away. 他们建了一堵墙防止土壤流失。I left early to avoid the rush hour. 我早早动身以避开交通高峰时刻。4.wound n. 伤，伤口n.：伤，伤口v.：使……受伤 — be wounded in + 部位 在……受伤；使（感情）受创伤 — be wounded by... 被……所伤First clean the wound. 首先清理伤口。The victim was wounded in both legs and bled to death as a result. 受害者两条腿都受了伤，最终失血过多而死。He was deeply wounded by his son's comments. 他被他儿子的评论深深地刺痛了。小延伸：不同的“伤”5 warn vt. & vi. 警告，告诫含义：v.警告，告诫 教材用法常见用法：- warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（不要）做某事- warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事- warn sb. (that)... 提醒某人……The man warned them not to cross the broken bridge.那个男人警告他们不要过断桥。（2024 江苏扬州）They warned us of the possible risks.他们警告我们可能存在的风险。We warned them that there was a bull in the field.我们提醒他们，田里有一头公牛。常见规则例词名词 + 名词bookstore（书店）、newspaper（报纸）形容词 + 名词mainland（大陆）、highway（公路）介词/副词 + 名词afternoon（下午）、downtown（在市中心）名词 + 动词的 -ing 形式handwriting（书法）、weightlifting（举重）其他breakthrough（突破）、check-up（体检）、grown-up（成年人）单词用法wound多指刀伤、刺伤、枪伤等出血的、严重的伤，也可指感情或精神上的创伤hurt既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指感情上的创伤injure指在事故或打斗中受伤，也可指损害健康、名誉、自尊等damage强调对价值、用途、外观等造成损害，这种损害可以是自然灾害所致，也可以是人为的