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      译林版(2024)七年级下册英语各单元语法知识点清单 学案

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      译林版(2024)七年级下册英语各单元语法知识点清单Unit 1 Home重点短语homes around the world 世界各地的家different kinds of 不同种类的in the west of 在…… 的西部town house 联排式住宅mobile home 活动住房have fun 玩得开心chat with sb. 和某人聊天hundreds of 数百a room of one’s own 某人自己的房间next to 紧邻,在…… 近旁用法集萃live 的用法:live in + 大地点 / 密闭空间,表示住在某地,如 “live in a flat”(住在公寓里)。live on +the + 序数词 + floor/ground/street/road,表示住在某一层 / 街道,如 “live on the seventh floor”(住在七楼)。live with sb. 意为和某人住在一起,如 “live with parents”(和父母住在一起)。live on 表示以…… 谋生,如 “Sheep live on grass.”(羊以草为生)。live a + adj.+ life 表示过着…… 的生活,如 “live a happy life”(过着幸福的生活)。with 的用法:介词,表示 “具有;带有”,反义词为 “without + 名词 / V -ing”,如 “a house with two floors”(有两层的房子)。chat 的用法:chat 可作名词和动词,意为 “聊天”,现在分词为 chatting,过去式为 chatted。“chat with sb.” = “have a chat with sb.”(和某人聊天)。fun 的用法:作不可数名词,意为 “乐趣”,“have fun with sb.”(和…… 玩得高兴),“have fun doing sth.”(做某事很开心),相当于 “have a good /great time” 或 “enjoy oneself (+ doing sth.)”。作形容词,意为 “有趣的,令人愉快的”,如 “It is fun to do...”(做某事是愉快的)。经典句型Home is where the heart is. 心之所在即为家。What type of house do you live in? 你住在哪种类型的房子里?We love to relax in our living room and chat over a cup of tea. 我们喜欢在客厅放松,边喝茶边聊天。There are hundreds of books in the study. 书房里有数百本书。Next to our farmhouse is a yard. 我们的农舍旁边是一个院子。语法考点home, house, family 辨析:home 指一个人出生和居住的地方,强调归属感和情感,如 “gohome”(回家)。house 指居住的建筑物,如 “There is a big tree in front of the small house.”(那所小房子前面有一棵大树)。family 作 “家,家庭” 讲时是集合体,谓语用单数;作 “家人” 讲时,谓语用复数,如 “His family is very big.”(他家是个大家庭),“My family are all music lovers.”(我的家人都是音乐爱好者)。方位表达:A is in the + 方位名词 + of B:表示 A 在 B 的范围里,如 “Shanghai is in the east of China.”(上海在中国的东部)。A is on the + 方位名词 + of B:表示 A 和 B 相邻且接壤,如 “Russia is on the east of China.”(俄罗斯在中国的东部接壤处)。A is to the + 方位名词 + of B:表示 A 和 B 不相邻、不接壤,如 “Japan is to the east of China.”(日本在中国东部不接壤处)。数词 hundred 的用法:确数表达为 “基数词 + hundred + 名词复数”,如 “two hundred books”(两百本书)。概数表达为 “hundreds of + 名词复数”,如 “hundreds of students”(数百名学生)。Unit 2 Neighbourhood重点短语visit our new neighbours 拜访我们的新邻居need some help 需要一些帮助in City Garden 在城市花园decide to do sth. 决定做某事in Ninth Street 在第九大街be late 迟到in your neighbourhood 在你们街区plan a day out 计划一天外出most of them 他们中的绝大多数the day after tomorrow 后天be kind and helpful 友善并乐于助人make a fire 生火help each other 互相帮助the positive/negative sentences 肯定 / 否定句be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事really nice 十分好help old people 帮助老人look at the information below 看下面的信息do some shopping 买东西feel well 感觉舒服be lucky/happy to do sth. 很幸运 / 高兴做某事a community centre 社区中心make you feel better 使你感觉更好social worker 社会福利工作者share their different skills 分享他们不同的技能worry about sth. 为…… 担心all kinds of problems 各种各样的问题用法集萃help 的用法:help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth. 意为帮助某人(做)某事,如 “help me with my English” = “help me (to) learn English”(帮助我学英语)。can’t/couldn’t help doing sth. 意为禁不住做某事,如 “I can't help laughing”(我禁不住笑了)。be afraid 的用法:be afraid that… 表示 “担心、恐怕”,是委婉语气,如 “I'm afraid that I can't come”(恐怕我来不了)。be afraid of sth./doing sth. 表示 “怕……;担心……”,如 “afraid of dogs”(怕狗)。be afraid to do sth. 表示 “害怕做某事”,如 “be afraid to cross the road”(害怕过马路)。have 的相关用法:have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事,如 “have him clean the room”(让他打扫房间)。have sb./sth. to do 有…… 要做,如 “have a letter to write”(有一封信要写)。have sb. done sth. 让某人完成某事,如 “have my hair cut”(让别人给我剪头发)。have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事,如 “have the fire burning”(让火一直烧着)。sound 的用法:sound 用作连系动词,意为 “听起来”,“sound like” 意为 “听起来像”,如 “That sounds good”(那听起来不错),“It sounds like a bird”(听起来像一只鸟)。经典句型Where are you going? 你要到哪儿去?I’m going to visit our new neighbours. 我打算去拜访我们的新邻居。Most of them have 14 floors. 它们大多数有 14 层。They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的问题。I think the door - bell must be broken – I didn’t hear anything. 我想门铃一定是坏了 —— 我没有听见任何声音。You’re lucky to have a community centre like that, Simon. 西蒙,你很幸运能有像这样的社区。语法考点一般将来时:构成:由助动词 shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+ 动词原形构成,美国英语中不管什么人称,一律用 will。也常用 “be going to + 动词原形” 结构。基本句型:肯定句:I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go. 或 I'm/We're/You're/He's/She's/They're going to go.否定句:I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go. 或 I'm/We're/You're/He's/She's/They're not going to go.疑问句:Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go? 或 Are you/he/she/they going to go?时间状语:tomorrow、the day after tomorrow、next week、this afternoon、in the future 等。“be going to + 动词原形” 与 “will + 动词原形” 的区别:“be going to + 动词原形” 侧重表示计划、打算,有预见性和主观性;“will + 动词原形” 多表示纯粹的将来或客观陈述,也可用于临时决定。Unit 3 My hometown重点短语wait a minute 等一会儿the golden throne 金銮宝座a tin of dog food 一听狗食works of art 艺术品order a pizza 点一块比萨Chinese paintings 中国画exchange student 交换生row a boat 划船take them to the cinema 带他们去电影院know each other 相互了解try some Chinese food 品尝一些中餐raise cows 饲养奶牛lots of things to do 有许多事情要做grow wheat 种植小麦by underground 乘地铁smell the flowers 闻花香some Western restaurants 一些西餐馆hear the birds sing 听鸟儿唱歌look forward to meeting you 期待见到你on a farm 在农场all over the place 到处都是How far…? …… 多远?(对距离提问)经典句型Welcome to Sunshine Town. 欢迎来到阳光镇。An old friend of mine is coming to visit me. 我的一位老朋友要来拜访我。Is it enough for a tin of dog food? 它(钱)够买一听狗食吗?Shall we take them to the cinema? 咱们带他们去看电影吗?Shall we invite them to have dinner with us? 咱们邀请他们和我们一起吃晚饭好吗?There are lots of things to do in Sunshine Town. 在阳光镇有许多事情可做。It takes only 40 minutes by underground. 乘地铁只需要 40 分钟。Beijing duck is very famous. 北京烤鸭很有名。If you do not like Chinese food. There are some Western restaurants too. 如果你不喜欢中餐,也有一些西餐馆。语法考点现在进行时表将来:一些位移动词,如 come、go、leave 等可用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。例如 “An old friend of mine is coming to visit me”(我的一位老朋友要来拜访我)。enough 的用法:作形容词时,可放在所修饰的名词前或后,如 “enough food/food enough”(足够的食物);作副词时,用在所修饰的形容词、副词之后,如 “bright enough”(足够亮)。动词不定式作定语:动词不定式 to do 修饰名词或代词时,必须后置。如 “There are lots of things to do”(有很多事情要做),“things to do” 中 “to do” 修饰 “things”。“It takes + (sb) + some time + to do sth” 句型:意为 “做某事需要花(某人)多少时间”。如 “It takes me about two hours to drive from my home to Nanjing”(从我家开车去南京大约要两个小时)。famous 的搭配:“be famous for” 表示 “以…… 而闻名 / 著称”,“be famous as” 意为 “作为…… 而著名”。如 “China is famous for its china”(中国以它的瓷器而出名),“Lang Lang is famous as a great pianist”(郎朗作为杰出的钢琴家而出名)。物主代词:分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词通常放在名词前面作定语,如 my book(我的书);名词性物主代词相当于名词,可单独使用,如 “This book is mine”(这本书是我的)。Unit 4 Chinese folk art重点短语Chinese folk art 中国民间艺术traditional Chinese crafts 中国传统工艺be made from clay 由黏土制成zisha teapots 紫砂壶make the tea taste good 让茶味道好a beautiful old lantern 一盏漂亮的旧灯笼take hours or even days to carve a scene 花几个小时甚至几天的时间雕刻一个场景work on a picture of bamboo 制作一幅竹子图片a pair of scissors or a knife 一把剪刀或一把刀years of practice 多年的练习a great master of paper - cutting 一位剪纸大师in the shape of landscapes 以景色的形状use paper - cuts to express our wishes 用剪纸表达我们的愿望put up "double happiness” in the new couple's home 在新婚夫妇门上挂 “双喜临门”make the last cut 进行最后一次剪切hand me the bamboo picture 把竹子的图片递给我seem to be alive 似乎活了起来be still popular 仍然流行feel the warmth of this traditional folk art 感受这种传统民间艺术的温暖Huishan clay figures 惠山泥人be made from a kind of black clay 由一种黑色黏土制成be made in moulds 用模具制造be made by hand 手工制作have strong local colour 具有强烈的地方色彩have simple shapes and bright colours 有简单的形状和明亮的颜色popular scenes from traditional operas 传统戏曲中的流行场景have a close look at those postcards 仔细看看那些明信片materials for making kites 制作风筝的材料come in many cool shapes 有很多很酷的形状a very popular outdoor activity 一项非常受欢迎的户外活动come from working people 来自劳动人民ordinary people's lives 普通人的生活be made from everyday materials 由日常材料制成make wonderful pieces of art 制作绝妙的艺术品respect the spirit of the craftspeople 尊重工匠精神take a lot of hard work and practice 花费大量的艰苦工作和练习the creative handicraft 有创意的手工艺品Huizhou inkstick 徽州墨the best of its kind 同类中最好的be popular with painters 受画家欢迎经典句型What belongs to the nation is a gift to the world. 属于民族的东西是献给世界的礼物。They look so pretty at night, with all the different colours. 它们在晚上看起来很漂亮,有各种不同的颜色。I love looking at the many types of lanterns during the Lantern Festival. 我喜欢在元宵节期间看各种各样的灯笼。It's made of silk. 它是丝绸做的。She is working on a picture of bamboo. 她正在制作一幅竹子图片。After years of practice, Zhao Yue is now a great master of paper - cutting. 经过多年的练习,赵越现在是一位剪纸大师。Paper - cuts are not just beautiful. We use them to express our wishes. 剪纸不仅漂亮,我们还用它们来表达我们的愿望。At the Spring Festival, we put them up on windows and doors for good luck. 在春节,我们把它们贴在窗户和门上以求好运。语法考点belong to 的用法:意为 “属于”,后面接名词或代词宾格,不用于进行时态和被动语态。例如 “The house belongs to my grandfather”(这房子是我祖父的)。连系动词 look 的用法:look 是连系动词,后接形容词作表语,如 “They look so pretty at night”(它们在晚上看起来很漂亮),可被副词修饰。介词短语作定语和状语:介词短语可以作后置定语修饰名词,如 “works on the walls”(墙上的作品);也可作状语,如 “at night”(在晚上),“with all the different colours”(有着各种不同颜色)。动词 - ing 形式作伴随状语:如 “She hands me the bamboo picture, smiling”(她把竹画递给我,笑着说),句中 “smiling” 是动词 - ing 形式充当伴随状语,说明主语的状态。make 的相关短语:“be made from” 表示 “由…… 制成”(从成品中看不出原材料),“be made of” 也表示 “由…… 制成”(从成品中能看出原材料),“be made in” 表示 “在…… 地方制造”,“be made by” 表示 “由…… 制造”,“be made in moulds” 表示 “用模具制造”,“be made by hand” 表示 “手工制作”。Unit 5 Animal friends重点短语be made of... 由…… 制成be awake 醒着的places with food and water 有食物和水的地方sleep for up to three years 睡长达 3 年run after a ball 追一个球do wonderful tricks 做精彩的把戏feel lonely 感到孤独by my side 在我身边be careful with your hands 小心你的手learn to sing simple songs 学习唱简单的歌曲take him out for a walk 带他出去散步in the open air 在户外get tired 变得累at the end of... 在…… 的末尾be afraid of 害怕allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事listen for the echo 听回声work as a team 团队合作be friendly to 对…… 友好be dangerous to 对…… 危险经典句型感叹句:How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语!如 “How big the dog is!”(这只狗真大!);What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!如 “What a beautiful butterfly!”(多美的蝴蝶啊!)There be 句型:There is/are + 名词 + 地点。如 “There is a large number of ants in the hole.”(洞里有很多蚂蚁。)条件 / 时间状语从句:When + 从句,主句。如 “When I get home from school, it always runs to me.”(当我放学回家时,它总是跑向我。);If + 从句,主句(一般将来时)。如 “If it rains, don’t forget to take an umbrella.”(如果下雨,别忘了带伞。)宾语从句:I wonder how I can + 动词原形... 如 “I wonder how I can make him relax.”(我想知道怎样能让他放松。)语法要点词性转换:如 friend→friendly,danger→dangerous;weigh→weight,relate→relation;safe→safely,slow→slowly 等。名词单复数:有规则变化,如 butterfly→butterflies,insect→insects;也有不规则变化,如 mouse→mice,child→children。主谓一致:注意第三人称单数形式,如 “The soup tastes delicious.”(汤尝起来很美味。);集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据情况而定,如 “Pandas are friendly to visitors.”(熊猫对游客友好。)非谓语动词:常见的有不定式,如 forget to do sth.(忘记去做某事),want to play(想要玩);现在分词,如 hear sb. doing sth.(听到某人正在做某事),see sb. dancing(看到某人跳舞)。Unit 6 Beautiful landscapes重点短语beautiful natural scenery 美丽的自然风光places of interest 名胜古迹in the distance 在远处take a walk in the forest 在森林里散步by the lake 在湖边climb up the mountain 爬上山顶watch the sunset 看日落a sea of flowers 花海clear blue sky 湛蓝的天空flow into the sea 流入大海breathtaking views 令人惊叹的景色in the early morning 清晨时分covered with green trees 被绿树覆盖a peaceful village 宁静的村庄经典句型描述风景的感叹句How beautiful the lake is!(这湖多美啊!)What a spectacular waterfall it is!(多么壮观的瀑布啊!)表达地点与景色的关系There are many tall mountains around the village.(村庄周围有许多高山。)The river flows through the green fields.(河流穿过绿色的田野。)表达感受I feel relaxed when I walk in the forest.(在森林里散步时,我感到很放松。)The view from the top of the mountain makes me forget all my worries.(山顶的景色让我忘记了所有烦恼。)方位与位置描述Behind the house, there is a small lake with clear water.(房子后面,有一个清澈的小湖。)On the left of the path, you can see a group of colorful flowers.(小路左边,你能看到一片五颜六色的花。)语法要点方位介词:in(在…… 里)、on(在…… 上)、under(在…… 下)、behind(在…… 后)、beside(在…… 旁)、between(在…… 之间)等,用于描述景观的位置关系。例:A small village lies between two mountains.(一个小村庄位于两座山之间。)现在进行时表自然现象:某些自然景观的动态可用现在进行时描述,强调 “正在发生” 的状态。例:The wind is blowing gently, and the leaves are dancing.(微风轻拂,树叶在舞动。)there be 句型:用于表示 “某地有某物”,突出景观的存在。例:There is a beautiful garden in front of the hotel.(酒店前面有一个漂亮的花园。)Unit 7 Outdoor fun重点短语take a break(休息)set off(出发)find out(查明,弄清情况)at first(起初)little by little(缓慢地,逐渐地)roll out(展开)on one’s own(独自;独立地)go cycling(去骑自行车)go horse - riding(去骑马)go skating(去滑冰)go hiking(去远足)重点句型I want to take a break from city life and be close to nature.(我想从城市生活中休息一下,亲近大自然。)What outdoor activity would you like to try, Simon?(西蒙,你愿意尝试什么户外运动?)We had a lot of fun and learnt about nature.(我们玩得很开心,还了解了大自然。)It would be wonderful.(那将会很棒。)How to do it?(怎么做?)语法要点情态动词:might 用于表示可能性较小,后加动词原形,如 I might try jogging.(我可能会尝试慢跑。)would 可带出想象的结果,后加动词原形,如 It would be wonderful.(那会很棒)。非谓语动词:“疑问词 + 动词不定式” 结构,如 how to do it(怎么做),what to do(做什么)。另外,还有 have fun doing = have a good time doing = enjoy oneself doing(做某事很开心)。动词短语:注意 arrive at(到达小地点)、arrive in(到达大地点)与 reach、get to 的同义转换;follow 既可以表示 “跟随”,也可表示 “遵守”,如 follow the map(跟着地图),follow the rules(遵守规则)。Unit 8 Wonderland重点短语in the middle of(在…… 中间)full of wonders(充满奇迹)go on an adventure(去冒险)a magical forest(一片神奇的森林)keep a secret(保守秘密)solve the mystery(解开谜团)brave enough to do sth.(足够勇敢去做某事)protect the environment(保护环境)ancient creatures(古老的生物)follow the path(沿着小路走)climb up(爬上)cross the river(过河)light up(照亮)a dangerous journey(一次危险的旅程)the key to(…… 的钥匙)重点句型What a wonderful world!(多么奇妙的世界啊!)It’s a collection of ancient Chinese fantasy stories.(这是一本中国古代奇幻故事集。)She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.(她抬头一看,看见一只穿着大衣的白兔经过。)Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.(爱丽丝不想让兔子跑掉,所以她也跳进了洞里。)She found herself alone in a long, low hall.(她发现自己一个人在一个又长又矮的厅里。)Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden.(很快爱丽丝就小到可以穿过那扇门了,于是她决定进入花园。)Fantasy stories allow us to enjoy an imagined world and take a break from our everyday lives.(奇幻故事让我们享受一个想象的世界,让我们从日常生活中休息一下。)语法要点一般过去时(Ⅱ):继续学习一般过去时的用法,描述过去发生的动作或存在的状态,常与 yesterday, last week, ago 等表示过去的时间状语连用。反身代词:如 herself(她自己)、myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)等。常用短语有 by oneself(独自),enjoy oneself(玩得高兴),help oneself to(随便吃 / 用……)等。情态动词:巩固情态动词的用法,它们本身有一定词义,但不能独立作谓语,需与动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气、态度或想法等。“形容词 + enough + to do sth.” 结构:意为 “足够…… 可以做某事”,否定形式为 “not + 形容词 + enough + to do sth.”,表示 “不够…… 而不能做某事”。

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