北京海淀区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末学业水平调研英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份北京海淀区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末学业水平调研英语试卷（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，20分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The dismissal letter trembled in my hand and the cmpany lg was cluded by tears that carried the smell f burnt cffee and shame. At thirty-tw, I was ____1____ frm the Vice President psitin I’d struggled fr six years t achieve. Three weeks int unemplyment, I kept cleaning cffee rings ff my desk — marks f ____2____ late-night wrk sessins.
One mrning, Mrs. Rsetti, my Italian friend, marched int my apartment, hlding a cffee pt and a bag f Ethipian cffee beans. “Let’s learn t make smething real,” she said. “Then we’ll talk abut living.”
What began as a distractin became a(n) ____3____. I learned hw the minerals in water might affect the flavr, and hw the fam n a cappuccin whispered truths that ffice reprts never captured.
The real ____4____ pint arrived during a cupping (品鉴) sessin at a Queens Café. When I described a flavr as “layffs after a cmpany merger (合并) hidden in chclate tnes”, the wner f the café, a frmer Wall Street analyst, said: “Yu ____5____ stries in the beans.”
Six mnths later, my cffee shp “Layff Latte Art” was ____6____. It serves special drinks ____7____ career challenges: ne fr thse switching careers midlife and anther symblizing startup pains. Each cup cmes with a nte abut the beans’ jurney frm muntain t cup, and space fr custmers t write their wn ____8____ f starting ver. It’s amazing t read the experiences that peple share.
The anxiety ____9____, replaced by rhythmic hum f the cffee machine. Nw, when the mrning light hits the milk jug just right, I n lnger see the shadw f my frmer high-achieving self. ____10____, I see a wman wh, just like the cffee beans, allws herself t be transfrmed int smething richer, deeper, and far braver.
1. A. cut ffB. laid ffC. drpped ffD. wiped ff
2. A. carelessB. fearlessC. hpelessD. cuntless
3. A. assciatinB. celebratinC. inspiratinD. cntributin
4. A. turningB. breakingC. meetingD. shining
5. A. hearB. readC. tasteD. write
6. A. brnB. bughtC. discveredD. exhibited
7. A. facingB. handlingC. mirrringD. predicting
8. A. recipesB. reprtsC. secretsD. stries
9. A. grewB. easedC. spreadD. remained
10. A. InsteadB. MreverC. MeanwhileD. Therefre
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了32岁的主人公从副总裁职位被解雇后，在朋友的帮助下通过学习制作咖啡找到新方向，最终开设了自己的咖啡店“裁员拿铁艺术”，并在这个过程中实现自我转变的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：32岁那年，我被解雇了，失去了我奋斗了六年才得到的副总裁职位。A. cut ff切断；B. laid ff解雇；C. drpped ff减少；D. wiped ff擦去。根据上文“The dismissal letter trembled in my hand”以及下文“Three weeks int unemplyment”可知，作者收到了解雇信，他失业了，因此是被“解雇”了。故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：失业三周后，我一直在清理桌子上的咖啡渍 —— 那是无数次深夜工作留下的痕迹。A. careless粗心的；B. fearless无畏的；C. hpeless绝望的；D. cuntless无数的。根据上文“Three weeks int unemplyment, I kept cleaning cffee rings ff my desk”可知，作者一直在清理桌子上的咖啡渍，说明作者之前有很多次深夜工作的时刻，因此是留下了“无数的”痕迹。故选D项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初只是为了分散注意力，后来却成了灵感来源。A. assciatin协会；B. celebratin庆祝；C. inspiratin灵感；D. cntributin贡献。根据下文“I learned hw the minerals in water might affect the flavr, and hw the fam n a cappuccin whispered truths that ffice reprts never captured.”可知，作者从制作咖啡中学到了很多东西，这些东西是办公室报告里从未捕捉到的，因此制作咖啡成了作者的“灵感”来源。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的转折点出现在皇后区一家咖啡馆的品鉴会上。A. turning转折；B. breaking打破；C. meeting会议；D. shining闪耀。根据下文“When I described a flavr as “layffs after a cmpany merger (合并) hidden in chclate tnes”, the wner f the café, a frmer Wall Street analyst, said: “Yu ______ stries in the beans.””可知，作者在品鉴会上描述了一种味道，并得到了咖啡馆老板的认可，因此这是一个“转折”点，turning pint为固定搭配，意为“转折点”。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆老板，一位前华尔街分析师，说：“你能从豆子里读出故事。”A. hear听见；B. read读出；C. taste品尝；D. write写。根据上文“When I described a flavr as “layffs after a cmpany merger (合并) hidden in chclate tnes”,”可知，作者描述了一种味道，并说这种味道里隐藏着公司合并后的裁员，因此咖啡馆老板说作者能从豆子里“读出”故事。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，我的咖啡店“裁员拿铁艺术”诞生了。A. brn出生，诞生；B. bught买；C. discvered发现；D. exhibited展览。根据下文“It serves special drinks”可知，作者的咖啡店开始营业了，即“诞生”了。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提供反映职业挑战的特色饮品：一种是为那些中年转行的人准备的，另一种象征着创业的艰辛。A. facing面对；B. handling处理；C. mirrring反映；D. predicting预测。根据下文“ne fr thse switching careers midlife and anther symblizing startup pains.”可知，咖啡店提供的特色饮品“反映”了职业挑战，一种是为中年转行的人准备的，另一种象征着创业的艰辛。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每杯咖啡都附有一张关于咖啡豆从山上到杯子的旅程的便条，还有空间让顾客写下自己重新开始的故事。A. recipes食谱；B. reprts报告；C. secrets秘密；D. stries故事。根据下文“It’s amazing t read the experiences that peple share.”可知，顾客会分享的是他们自己的经历，因此是写下了他们重新开始的“故事”。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：焦虑减轻了，取而代之的是咖啡机有节奏的嗡嗡声。A. grew成长；B. eased减轻，缓解；C. spread传播；D. remained保持。根据下文“replaced by rhythmic hum f the cffee machine”可知，焦虑被咖啡机有节奏的嗡嗡声取代了，因此焦虑是“减轻，缓解”了。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我看到的是一个女人，就像咖啡豆一样，允许自己被转化成更丰富、更深邃、更勇敢的东西。A. Instead相反；B. Mrever而且；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Therefre因此。根据上文“Nw, when the mrning light hits the milk jug just right, I n lnger see the shadw f my frmer high-achieving self.”以及下文“I see a wman wh, just like the cffee beans, allws herself t be transfrmed int smething richer, deeper, and far braver.”可知，现在作者不再看到自己以前那个成就斐然的自己的影子了，相反，作者看到了一个像咖啡豆一样，允许自己被转化成更丰富、更深邃、更勇敢的东西的女人，上下文是转折关系。故选A项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When Grace fell ill, her garden was drying up. Her neighbur, Lily, ____11____ (kind) stepped up and tk ver all the plant watering and weed pulling. When Grace recvered, she ____12____ (tuch) by Lily’s kindness. They began gardening tgether, frming a clse friendship. Their shared lve fr the garden cnnected them, shwing hw small acts f care build meaningful relatinships. Over time, the garden, ____13____ (fill) with flwers they planted tgether, became a symbl f their bnd.
【答案】11. kindly 12. was tuched 13. filled
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Grace生病时，邻居Lily帮忙照料花园，Grace康复后两人开始一起打理花园，从而建立了深厚的友谊的故事。花园成为了她们友谊的象征，展示了小小的关怀如何能建立有意义的关系。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：她的邻居Lily好心地站出来，承担了所有的植物浇水和除草工作。修饰动词stepped up，应用kind的副词形式kindly作状语，意为“好心地”。故填kindly。
【12题详解】
考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：Grace康复后，被Lily的善良所感动。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据上文When Grace recvered可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，tuch和主语she之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语she为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was tuched。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，花园里种满了她们一起种的花，成为了她们友谊的象征。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词became，且无其它连词，所以fill应用非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语the garden之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填filled。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
“Sir, what des the saying ‘Isn’t it a delight t learn and cnstantly review things ne has learned’ mean?” A furth grader ____14____ (pse) this questin t the virtual Cnfucius n the screen. The digital figure replied, “It means we need t cnstantly review ____15____ we have learned. By ding this, we gain new insights.” In this case, the AI teaching assistant prvided students with an ____16____ (interact) learning experience. It’s nt rare. Nwadays, the integratin f AI and educatin ____17____ (change) the way schls are rganized.
【答案】14. psed 15. what 16. interactive 17. is changing##has been changing
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能与教育相结合，为学生提供互动学习体验，并改变了学校的组织方式。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：“先生，‘学而时习之，不亦说乎’这句话是什么意思？”一名四年级学生向屏幕上的虚拟孔子提出了这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据语境以及下文“The digital figure replied”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填psed。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这个数字形象回答说：“它的意思是我们需要不断复习我们所学过的东西。通过这样做，我们获得了新的见解。”分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作review的宾语，从句缺少宾语，表示“所……的东西”，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在这种情况下，人工智能教学助手为学生提供了一种交互式的学习体验。修饰名词短语learning experience，应用interact的形容词形式interactive作定语，意为“交互式的；互动的”。故填interactive。
【17题详解】
考查时态及主谓一致。句意：如今，人工智能与教育的融合正在改变学校的组织方式。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语Nwadays可知，此处表示当前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，主语the integratin f AI and educatin为单数形式，be动词应用is。此外，也可用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，助动词用has。故填is changing/has been changing。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Cnflict is part f ur life and can ccur in varius settings. When left unaddressed, it can cause stress and damage relatinships. One f the mst effective appraches t dealing with cnflict is thrugh cmprmise. Cmprmise is the act f each party giving up smething ____18____ (reach) an agreement. By cmprmising, we shw respect fr the ther’s feelings and needs, ____19____ can strengthen the bnd. Mrever, cmprmise helps us develp better prblem-slving skills. We shuld embrace cmprmise ____20____ a means f persnal grwth and harmnius living.
【答案】18. t reach 19. which 20. as
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冲突是生活的一部分，而妥协是解决冲突的有效方法之一，妥协有助于加强关系、提升解决问题的能力，是个人成长和和谐生活的一种方式。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：妥协是各方为达成协议而放弃某些东西的行为。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以reach应用非谓语动词形式，根据句意可知，此处表示“为了达成协议”，应用不定式作目的状语。故填t reach。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：通过妥协，我们表现出对对方感受和需求的尊重，这可以加强我们之间的联系。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
【20题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们应该把妥协视为个人成长与和谐生活的一种方式。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为……；视为……”，应用介词as。故填as。
第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分）
第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The English Writing League (EWL) spnsrs the annual Essay Writing Cmpetitin, pen t all students wh are enrlled at a middle schl, high schl, r cllege during the academic year in which the article is submitted. The submissins that are judged first, secnd, and third best may be published in the nline versin f a spnsring publicatin.
The EWL reserves the right t award sme, all, r n prizes, depending n its determinatin f quality f submissins. Entries that d nt qualify fr awards may als be cnsidered fr publicatin in future issues f ur spnsring publicatins.
T enter, the student shuld submit an applicatin and an riginal piece f writing in Wrd frmat via the frm n the EWL website. The student shuld include a brief bigraphy, including current schl, current address, grade, and expected year f graduatin.
Essays submitted will be judged n the fllwing criteria:
·Relevance t the categry fr which the essay is submitted
·Timeliness f the tpic r theme
·Originality
·Quality and style f writing
Applicatins and manuscripts must be submitted by 8:00 pm n September 1. The registratin fee is $25 per persn. Students wh are unable t pay the entry fee shuld apply fr a fee waiver at the time f submissin. The EWL strives t ensure that all students may participate in the cmpetitin regardless f financial status.
Plagiarism and AI-generated cntent will result in disqualificatin. Entries written in a language ther than English and entries that cntain inapprpriate cntent will als be disqualified.
Students may submit entries fr up t three categries but may nly submit ne entry per categry.
The decisins f the judges are entirely their wn, and are final and binding. Winners will be annunced n r after Nvember 1 n EWL website.
21. Wh can sign up fr the cmpetitin?
A. Registered students.B. Language instructrs.
C. Prfessinal writers.D. Cllege graduates.
22. What are participants required t d when they submit an essay?
A. T hand in an applicatin in persn.B. T prvide a brief self-intrductin.
C. T make a prmise nt t cheat.D. T pay a $25 entry fee per categry.
23. Which f the fllwing may qualify fr the cmpetitin?
A. An riginal persnal stry.B. An adaptatin f thers’ wrks.
C. An essay written in Spanish.D. An article created by Deepseek.
24. Where is the passage mst likely taken frm?
A. In a cllege applicatin handbk.
B. In the guidebk fr a writing curse.
C. On the website f an rganizatin.
D. On the hmepage f a cllege website.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了英语写作联盟（EWL）赞助的年度征文比赛的相关信息，包括参赛资格、参赛要求、评审标准、参赛费用、参赛作品要求以及比赛结果公布等内容。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The English Writing League (EWL) spnsrs the annual Essay Writing Cmpetitin, pen t all students wh are enrlled at a middle schl, high schl, r cllege during the academic year in which the article is submitted. (英语写作联盟（EWL）赞助年度征文比赛，比赛面向在提交文章的学年期间就读于中学、高中或大学的所有学生开放。)”可知，只有注册入学的学生才能报名参加比赛。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The student shuld include a brief bigraphy, including current schl, current address, grade, and expected year f graduatin. (学生应包括一份简短的自我介绍，包括目前的学校、目前的地址、年级和预计毕业年份。)”可知，参赛者在提交文章时需要提供一份简短的自我介绍。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Plagiarism and AI-generated cntent will result in disqualificatin. Entries written in a language ther than English and entries that cntain inapprpriate cntent will als be disqualified. (抄袭和人工智能生成的内容将导致取消资格。用非英语书写的参赛作品和包含不适当内容的参赛作品也将被取消资格。)”可知，抄袭和人工智能生成的内容、非英语书写的参赛作品和包含不适当内容的参赛作品都将被取消资格，B项“An adaptatin f thers’ wrks. (改编他人的作品)”属于抄袭，C项“An essay written in Spanish. (一篇用西班牙语写的文章)”和D项“An article created by Deepseek. (Deepseek创建的文章)”属于人工智能生成的内容，均不符合要求，只有A项“An riginal persnal stry. (一个原创的个人故事)”符合要求。故选A项。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Winners will be annunced n r after Nvember 1 n EWL website. (获奖者将于11月1日或之后在EWL网站上公布。)”以及文章主要介绍了英语写作联盟（EWL）赞助的年度征文比赛的相关信息可知，文章最有可能来自一个组织的网站。故选C项。
B
A categry f synthetic rganisms termed “mirrr life”, whse cmpnent mlecules (分子) are mirrr images f their natural cunterpart, culd pse huge risks t human life and ecsystems, accrding t a recent article in Science.
Mirrr life has t d with the universal phenmenn in the natural wrld in which a mlecule r anther bject cannt simply be superimpsed (重叠) n anther. Fr example, yur left hand can’t simply be turned ver t match yur right hand. This handedness is hugely imprtant in bilgy because interactins between bimlecules rely n them having the expected frm. Fr example, if a prtein’s handedness is reversed, it cannt interact with partner mlecules.
The authrs are wrried abut mirrr bacteria, the simplest life-frm their cncerns apply t. The capability t create mirrr bacteria des nt yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but prgress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, ne c-authr f the article, fears that mirrr bacteria culd lead t permanent eclgical damage and lss f life.
The initial enthusiasm fr creating mirrr versins f bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explred the use f mirrr-image prteins and ther mlecules that are the building blcks f such an rganism. One applicatin is in drugs. Sme drugs must be taken repeatedly because the bdy breaks them dwn. Mirrr mlecules resist this prcess, allwing drugs made frm them t last lnger.
Many immune system mechanisms als rely n handedness. T cells, respnsible fr recgnizing freign invaders, fr example, might fail t bind t smething with the wrng handedness, which culd help therapies made frm mirrr mlecules avid triggering immune reactins in patients.
Anther ptential applicatin f mirrr bacteria might be bireactrs (生物反应器), bilgical factries that use cells r micrrganisms t prduce varius cmpunds like antibitics and ther medicines. Bacteriphages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe ut bacteria-based bireactrs, csting huge amunts f time and mney, but it is likely they wuldn’t infect mirrr bacteria, because they wuldn’t recgnize their mlecules.
It is these suppsedly advantageus prperties that gave rise t the scientists’ cncerns. The ability t avid immune respnses culd allw bacteria t cause deadly infectins as they multiply uncntrllably. Unlike viruses, bacteria dn’t require specific mlecular interactins t infect hsts, and mirrr bacteria culd affect a wide range f rganisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack f natural enemies culd enable mirrr bacteria t spread widely thrugh ecsystems.
25. Why is “handedness” imprtant in bilgy?
A. It helps bimlecules t change functins when needed.
B. It ensures bimlecules t recgnize their reversed frms.
C. It enables bimlecules t be superimpsed n each ther.
D. It allws bimlecules t interact crrectly with each ther.
26. What is Adamala’s attitude twards the develpment f mirrr bacteria?
A. Defensive.B. Enthusiastic.C. Neutral.D. Wrried.
27. What can we learn abut the applicatin f mirrr life technlgy?
A. Mirrr mlecules help t activate immune reactins.
B. Mirrr mlecules can extend the effect f sme drugs.
C. Mirrr bacteria can be used t cure sme rare diseases.
D. Mirrr bacteria have the ptential t damage bireactrs.
28. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Prcess and challenges f mirrr life research.
B. Applicatins and benefits f mirrr mlecules.
C. The cncept and ptential impacts f mirrr life.
D. Replacement f natural bacteria by mirrr bacteria.
【答案】25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“镜像生命”这一合成生物类别的概念，以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，同时探讨了镜像生命技术的潜在应用。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“This handedness is hugely imprtant in bilgy because interactins between bimlecules rely n them having the expected frm. Fr example, if a prtein’s handedness is reversed, it cannt interact with partner mlecules. (这种手性在生物学中非常重要，因为生物分子之间的相互作用依赖于它们具有预期的形式。例如，如果蛋白质的手性颠倒，它就不能与配体分子相互作用。)”可知，手性在生物学中很重要是因为它允许生物分子之间正确地相互作用。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Katarzyna Adamala, ne c-authr f the article, fears that mirrr bacteria culd lead t permanent eclgical damage and lss f life. (这篇文章的一位合著者Katarzyna Adamala担心，镜像细菌可能会对生态造成永久性破坏，并导致生命损失。)”可知，Adamala对镜像细菌的发展持担忧态度。故选D项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sme drugs must be taken repeatedly because the bdy breaks them dwn. Mirrr mlecules resist this prcess, allwing drugs made frm them t last lnger. (有些药物必须反复服用，因为身体会分解它们。镜像分子可以抵抗这一过程，使由它们制成的药物持续时间更长。)”可知，镜像分子可以延长某些药物的效果。故选B项。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A categry f synthetic rganisms termed “mirrr life”, whse cmpnent mlecules (分子) are mirrr images f their natural cunterpart, culd pse huge risks t human life and ecsystems, accrding t a recent article in Science. (根据最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇文章，一类被称为“镜像生命”的合成生物，其组成分子是自然界对应分子的镜像，可能对人类生命和生态系统构成巨大风险。)”可知，本文主要介绍了“镜像生命”的概念以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，即镜像生命的潜在影响。故选C项。
C
With the release f large language mdels (LLMs), peple are trying t understand the nature f their intelligence.
Many peple view LLMs as similar t an individual human mind. Others have prpsed entirely different ways f cnceptualizing them: as rle players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technlgies like libraries and encyclpedias; as mirrrs f human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI wrld n hw t think abut LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array f metaphrs. Given ur limited understanding f LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphrs (比喻) are all we have fr the mment t circle that black bx.”
Humans tend t anthrpmrphize nnhumans, including animals, crpratins, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable t this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first persn prnuns, and telling us abut their “feelings”.
Sme experts urge the public t avid anthrpmrphizing AI and t think f AI systems as “tls” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed t achieve quite the ppsite effect: t make humans cnceptualize them as individual minds.
The LLM-as-mind metaphr is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI cmpanies have trained their mdels n ed texts withut permissin r cmpensatin; and therefre facing lawsuits fr cpyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training n cpyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just cpyright then we shuldn’t be reading textbks and learning because that wuld be cpyright infringement.”
Legal schlar Jacqueline Charleswrth cuntered that this metaphr is intentinally misleading: “AI cmpanies rely n ur natural understanding f human intellectual ability and anthrpmrphic language t encurage the misperceptin that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable f cnceptual thinking and generalizatin frm specific knwledge.” Ging further, linguist Emily Bender nted that equating an LLM’s prcessing f its training text with a human reading and learning frm bks “rests n minimizing what it is t be human”.
AI researchers are still struggling t find the right metaphrs t understand ur mysterius creatins. But as we humans make chices n hw we use these systems, hw we study them, and hw we craft and apply laws and regulatins t keep them safe and ethical, we need t be acutely aware f the ften uncnscius metaphrs that shape ur evlving understanding f the nature f their intelligence.
29. Why are varius metaphrs mentined in Paragraph 2?
A. T highlight LLMs’ multiple functins.
B. T demnstrate cnflicting perspectives.
C. T express human cncerns ver LLMs.
D. T shw the limitatin f human cgnitin.
30. What des the underlined wrd “anthrpmrphize” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Humanize.B. Simplify.C. Autmate.D. Priritize.
31. What will Charleswrth prbably agree with?
A. AI machines learn and create like human beings d.
B. The public shuld regard LLMs as cnscius beings.
C. AI training n ed materials requires permissin.
D. Using LLMs harms human cnceptual thinking and creativity.
32. What’s the purpse f the passage?
A. T advcate giving legal persnhd t varius LLMs.
B. T shw the disagreements n the understanding f LLMs.
C. T discuss the legal and ethical prblems caused by LLMs.
D. T warn us f the hidden influences f metaphrizing LLMs.
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对大型语言模型（LLMs）本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many peple view LLMs as similar t an individual human mind. Others have prpsed entirely different ways f cnceptualizing them: as rle players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technlgies like libraries and encyclpedias; as mirrrs f human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI wrld n hw t think abut LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array f metaphrs. (许多人认为大型语言模型类似于个体的人类思维。其他人则提出了完全不同的概念化方式：将它们视为能够模仿许多不同角色的角色扮演者；视为像图书馆和百科全书这样的文化技术；视为人类智能的镜子……在这个多样化的比喻中，人工智能世界对如何看待大型语言模型的分歧显而易见。)”可知，第二段提到各种比喻是为了展示人们对LLMs的不同看法，即冲突的观点。故选B项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“But we are particularly vulnerable t this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first persn prnuns, and telling us abut their “feelings”. (但是，当我们面对使用流利的语言与我们交谈、使用第一人称代词并告诉我们它们的“感受”的人工智能系统时，我们特别容易受到这种倾向的影响。)”可知，人类倾向于将非人类的事物，包括动物、公司甚至天气都拟人化，由此可推知，划线单词“anthrpmrphize”指的是“将非人类的事物赋予人类的特征或行为”，即“拟人化”，与“Humanize (使人性化)”意思相近。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Legal schlar Jacqueline Charleswrth cuntered that this metaphr is intentinally misleading: “AI cmpanies rely n ur natural understanding f human intellectual ability and anthrpmrphic language t encurage the misperceptin that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable f cnceptual thinking and generalizatin frm specific knwledge.” (法律学者Jacqueline Charleswrth反驳说，这个比喻是故意误导人的：“人工智能公司依赖我们对人类智力能力的自然理解以及拟人化的语言，来鼓励人们误解人工智能机器像人类一样学习和创造 —— 也就是说，它们能够进行概念性思考和从特定知识中进行概括。”)”可知，Charleswrth认为AI公司使用“LLM-as-mind”这个比喻是误导人的，她强调AI机器并不像人类一样学习和创造，由此可推知，她可能认为在受版权保护的材料上训练AI需要得到许可，而不是像被告所主张的那样是“合理使用”。故选C项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“AI researchers are still struggling t find the right metaphrs t understand ur mysterius creatins. But as we humans make chices n hw we use these systems, hw we study them, and hw we craft and apply laws and regulatins t keep them safe and ethical, we need t be acutely aware f the ften uncnscius metaphrs that shape ur evlving understanding f the nature f their intelligence. (人工智能研究人员仍在努力寻找合适的比喻来理解我们神秘的创造物。但是，当我们人类选择如何使用这些系统、如何研究它们，以及如何制定和应用法律法规来确保它们的安全和道德时，我们需要敏锐地意识到那些常常是无意识的比喻，这些比喻塑造了我们对其智能本质不断演变的理解。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人们对LLMs本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响，由此可推知，文章的目的是警告我们比喻化LLMs的潜在影响。故选D项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cnflict Avidance Desn’t D Yu Any Favrs
Imagine this scenari: Yu’ve been wrking hard n a presentatin fr several weeks, but a c-wrker jumps in and takes all the credit fr yur wrk. Instead f rightly speaking up, yu chse t silently step back. ____33____ Aside frm ur wrk life, aviding cnflict can manifest in ur rmantic relatinships, friendships, and even family dynamics.
Many f these tendencies can be traced back t grwing up in an envirnment that was dismissive (鄙视的) r hypercritical. Peple wh respnd t cnflict this way ften expect negative utcmes and find it difficult t trust the ther persn’s reactin. ____34____
Hwever, disagreeing with smene desn’t necessarily mean “fighting”. It’s nt abut blaming the ther persn r prving wh’s right and wrng in a given situatin. Cnflict reslutin is abut standing up fr yurself and cmmunicating when yu feel angry r frustrated.
Befre cnfrnting smene, try examining yur feelings. ____35____ Yu can try the fllwing affirmatins: “It’s OK t feel hwever I’m feeling at this mment — my emtins are valid.” “I am wrthy and deserving f being heard.”
Drawing upn yur sensry tlbx als helps. If yu’re a visual persn, yu can relieve stress by clsing yur eyes and imagining sthing images. Similarly, if yu’re mre cmfrted by smells, keeping an essential il n hand is a gd chice.
One last step befre cnfrnting smene is having a plan. Clearly define what yu’d like t reslve. Then, write dwn canned, factual respnses t use when needed, like “I wrked late fr the past tw weeks while my c-wrker didn’t turn in their share f the research.” ____36____ Yu’ll feel cnfident when addressing them.
____37____ While it’s OK t never cnfrnt thers, being able t reslve issues effectively means accepting it as a healthy part f cmmunicating with thers. Remember, disagreeing prvides deeper understanding and makes it easier t cnnect with ur friends, partners, and c-wrkers.
A. Practise the key pints yu’d like t get acrss.
B. Different cultures have diverse ways f handling cnflicts.
C. Cnflict is a nrmal part f ur persnal and prfessinal lives.
D. In ther wrds, expressing yur pinin firmly can seem pretty scary.
E. Rather than allw cnflicts t run wild in yur head, try a firmer apprach.
F. Being cnflict avidant means withdrawing frm pssible disagreements at all csts.
G. Instead f hlding back emtins, try lking at them thrugh the lens f self-cmpassin.
【答案】33. F 34. D 35. G 36. A 37. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了避免冲突并不总是对你有利，阐述人们避免冲突的根源并给出了在面对冲突时如何有效处理的建议。
【33题详解】
根据上文“Imagine this scenari: Yu’ve been wrking hard n a presentatin fr several weeks, but a c-wrker jumps in and takes all the credit fr yur wrk. Instead f rightly speaking up, yu chse t silently step back. (想象一下这样的场景：你几周来一直在努力准备一个报告，但一个同事跳出来，把你的功劳全抢走了。你没有正确地站出来说话，而是选择默默地退后。)”以及下文“Aside frm ur wrk life, aviding cnflict can manifest in ur rmantic relatinships, friendships, and even family dynamics. (除了工作生活，避免冲突还会体现在我们的恋爱关系、友谊甚至家庭关系中。)”可知，上文描述了一个人在面对冲突时选择避免冲突的场景，下文提到逃避冲突在恋爱关系、友谊甚至家庭关系中也会出现，F选项“Being cnflict avidant means withdrawing frm pssible disagreements at all csts. (避免冲突意味着不惜一切代价避免可能的分歧。)”承上启下，对上文中的行为进行了总结，说明了避免冲突的含义，同时引出下文避免冲突在其它多个方面的体现。故选F项。
【34题详解】
根据上文“Many f these tendencies can be traced back t grwing up in an envirnment that was dismissive (鄙视的) r hypercritical. Peple wh respnd t cnflict this way ften expect negative utcmes and find it difficult t trust the ther persn’s reactin. (这些倾向中的许多都可以追溯到在一个轻视或过于挑剔的环境中成长。以这种方式应对冲突的人往往预期会有负面结果，并且发现很难相信对方的反应。)”可知，上文解释了人们会选择避免冲突的根源来自成长环境使他们存在负面预期和信任缺失，D选项“In ther wrds, expressing yur pinin firmly can seem pretty scary. (换句话说，坚定地表达自己的观点似乎相当可怕。)”，进一步解释了人们避免冲突的心理，即害怕表达自己的观点，与上文语意和逻辑一致。故选D项。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Befre cnfrnting smene, try examining yur feelings. (在面对某人之前，试着审视自己的感受。)”以及下文“Yu can try the fllwing affirmatins: “It’s OK t feel hwever I’m feeling at this mment — my emtins are valid.” “I am wrthy and deserving f being heard.” (你可以尝试以下肯定句：‘此刻我有任何感受都是可以的——我的情绪是合理的。’‘我有价值，值得被倾听。’)”可知，上文建议审视自己的感受，下文给出了具体的肯定句来帮助处理情绪，G选项“Instead f hlding back emtins, try lking at them thrugh the lens f self-cmpassin. (与其压抑情绪，不如试着从自我同情的角度来看待它们。)”，承接上文，说明了要正确处理情绪，而不是压抑情绪，又与下文的自我肯定相呼应。故选G项。
【36题详解】
根据上文“One last step befre cnfrnting smene is having a plan. Clearly define what yu’d like t reslve. Then, write dwn canned, factual respnses t use when needed, like “I wrked late fr the past tw weeks while my c-wrker didn’t turn in their share f the research.” (在面对某人之前的最后一步是制定计划。明确你想要解决的问题。然后，写下一些固定的、事实性的回答，以便在需要时使用，比如“过去两周我加班工作，而我的同事却没有提交他们那份研究报告。”)”可知，上文建议在面对冲突前要制定计划，并给出了具体的做法，A选项“Practise the key pints yu’d like t get acrss. (练习你想表达的关键点。)”，进一步给出了制定计划中的另一个具体做法，即练习要表达的关键点。故选A项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“While it’s OK t never cnfrnt thers, being able t reslve issues effectively means accepting it as a healthy part f cmmunicating with thers. Remember, disagreeing prvides deeper understanding and makes it easier t cnnect with ur friends, partners, and c-wrkers. (虽然永远不与他人对抗也没关系，但能够有效地解决问题意味着要接受这是与他人沟通的一个健康部分。记住，分歧能提供更深的理解，使与我们朋友、伴侣和同事的联系更容易。)”可知，下文强调了冲突在人际关系中的正常性以及处理冲突的重要性，C选项“Cnflict is a nrmal part f ur persnal and prfessinal lives. (冲突是我们个人生活和职业生活中正常的一部分。)”引出了下文的话题，即冲突的正常性。故选C项。
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，26分）
第一节（共4小题；第56—58小题各2分，第59小题5分，共11分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Many peple feel pressured t “find” their purpse — a single revelatin that brings deep fulfillment. The reality is that purpse is nt smething t find; it’s smething we create. And t d this, we need t recgnize the “purpse anchrs” that already exist arund us. A purpse anchr can be thught f as a surce f stability and grunding that helps yu stay cnnected t yur cre values and life’s missin. S, hw d we identify them?
T recnnect with yur purpse, it can be helpful t think back t what excited yu as a child. What activities r hbbies made yu lse track f time? What were yu drawn t instinctively, befre yu learned t dubt r suppress thse desires? Revisiting the things that brught yu jy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted (纯净的) passins that still hld ptential. Rediscvering these early passins can light up a meaningful path frward.
Smetimes, ur purpse becmes cluded by the verwhelming number f tasks and respnsibilities. Over time, we may find urselves buried under a muntain f bligatins, many f which drain ur energy and prevent us frm engaging with what truly matters. A great way t identify purpse anchrs is by practicing the art f subtractin. Make a list f all yur wrk-related rles and respnsibilities. Which nes drain yur energy? Remve r reduce them, s yu can fcus n what remains — smething that gives yu energy and a sense f meaning.
If neither f the abve methds seem t yield results, cnsider trying the “spaghetti methd”. This apprach is all abut experimentatin. Thrw a bunch f “spaghetti” against the wall and see what sticks. Say yes t peple r pprtunities yu might typically avid. Try activities that make yu slightly uncmfrtable r curius. Push yurself utside yur usual rutines t discver new experiences that might light yu up. Allw yurself t be guided by curisity rather than certainty. If yu try smething and it excites yu, that culd very well be a purpse anchr in the making.
Building a life f purpse isn’t abut waiting fr the perfect revelatin t cme. It’s abut creating yur life step by step.
38. What is a purpse anchr accrding t the passage?
________________________________________________________________
39. Hw d jys f childhd help identify yur life purpse?
________________________________________________________________
40. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
One practical way t identify a purpse anchr is t shulder mre respnsibilities.
________________________________________________________________
41. Besides the methds in the passage, what is yur way t find a purpse anchr? Please explain. (In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________________________
【答案】38. A purpse anchr is a surce f stability and grunding that helps yu stay cnnected t yur cre values and life’s missin.
39. Revisiting the things that brught yu jy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passins that still hld ptential. Rediscvering these early passins can light up a meaningful path frward. 或 Revisiting childhd jys can reveal raw, untainted passins with ptential, and rediscvering them can light up a meaningful path fr life purpse.
40. One practical way t identify a purpse anchr is t shulder mre respnsibilities. “shulder mre respnsibilities” is false. Accrding t the passage, a practical way is t remve r reduce respnsibilities that drain yur energy.
41. I wuld reflect n my strengths and skills t find a purpse anchr. Fr instance, if I excel in writing and cmmunicatin, I might explre careers r hbbies related t writing r public speaking, finding purpse in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. (答案不唯一，合理即可)
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人生目标”展开讨论，指出目标并非找到的，而是创造的，并介绍了识别“目标锚点”的几种方法，如回顾童年乐趣、减法法则、“意大利面法”等。
【38题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“A purpse anchr can be thught f as a surce f stability and grunding that helps yu stay cnnected t yur cre values and life’s missin. (目标锚点可以被看作是一种稳定和基础的来源，帮助你与自己的核心价值观和人生使命保持联系。)”可知，目标锚点是一种稳定和基础的来源，帮助你与自己的核心价值观和人生使命保持联系。故答案为：A purpse anchr is a surce f stability and grunding that helps yu stay cnnected t yur cre values and life’s missin.
【39题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Revisiting the things that brught yu jy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passins that still hld ptential. Rediscvering these early passins can light up a meaningful path frward. (重新回顾那些小时候给你带来快乐的事情，可以发现那些仍然具有潜力的原始而纯净的激情。重新发现这些早期的激情可以照亮一条有意义的前进道路。)”可知，童年的乐趣能揭示那些原始、纯净且仍有潜力的热情，重新发现这些早期热情可为人生目标指明有意义的方向。故答案为：Revisiting the things that brught yu jy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passins that still hld ptential. Rediscvering these early passins can light up a meaningful path frward./Revisiting childhd jys can reveal raw, untainted passins with ptential, and rediscvering them can light up a meaningful path fr life purpse.
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“A great way t identify purpse anchrs is by practicing the art f subtractin. Make a list f all yur wrk-related rles and respnsibilities. Which nes drain yur energy? Remve r reduce them, s yu can fcus n what remains — smething that gives yu energy and a sense f meaning. (识别目标锚点的一个好方法是练习减法艺术。列出你所有与工作相关的角色和责任。哪些消耗了你的精力？去掉或减少它们，这样你就可以专注于剩下的东西——那些能给你能量和意义感的东西。)”可知，识别目标锚点的一个好方法是去掉或减少消耗精力的责任，而不是承担更多的责任，所以“One practical way t identify a purpse anchr is t shulder mre respnsibilities.”中“shulder mre respnsibilities”表述错误。故答案为：One practical way t identify a purpse anchr is t shulder mre respnsibilities. “shulder mre respnsibilities” is false. Accrding t the passage, a practical way is t remve r reduce respnsibilities that drain yur energy.
【41题详解】
考查开放性问题。我认为可以通过反思自己的优势和技能来找到目标锚点。例如，如果擅长写作和沟通，那么可以探索与写作或沟通相关的职业或爱好，如成为作家、编辑或参与公共演讲等。这样，可以找到既能发挥自己优势又能带来满足感的目标锚点；或，我会通过记录日常中让自己感到满足和有成就感的瞬间来寻找目标锚点，这些瞬间往往能反映出内心真正重视的东西。故答案为：I wuld reflect n my strengths and skills t find a purpse anchr. Fr instance, if I excel in writing and cmmunicatin, I might explre careers r hbbies related t writing r public speaking, finding purpse in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. 或 I’d recrd mments f satisfactin and accmplishment daily. These mments ften reflect what I truly value, helping find purpse anchrs. (答案不唯一，合理即可)
第二节（15分）
42. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你收到选修课外教Jim的邮件，请阅读并回复。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Jim,
Thank yu fr asking fr ur input n the “Crss-Cultural Cmmunicatin” curse.
The tpic I’m mst curius abut is nnverbal cmmunicatin differences acrss cultures. Bdy language, gestures, and facial expressins vary a lt glbally, and I’ve nticed sme misunderstandings happen because f these differences.
Last year, I saw a freign friend cnfused when a Chinese ndded with a smile, which he thught meant agreement but actually was just pliteness. This makes me eager t learn mre abut hw t avid such misunderstandings, as it’s crucial fr real-life interactins.
I hpe this tpic can be included in ur curse.
Yurs,
Li Hua
Subject: Yur Input Needed
Frm: Jim Smith JimSmith@ happymail.cm
T: Students wh registered fr “Crss-Cultural Cmmunicatin”
Dear all,
Thank yu fr chsing the curse “Crss-Cultural Cmmunicatin” next semester. T make it a better experience fr all, I’d lve t have yur input. Please reply with
1. a particular tpic yu are curius abut;
2. a shrt explanatin f why it interests yu.
Yur input will help shape ur curse, and I’ll chse the mst ppular tpics t discuss in class.
Lking frward t yur feedback.
Best regards,
Jim