【技能篇】专题01 阅读理解“长难句克星”：主干提取三步法+观点态度词库-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升讲义（含答案）（人教版2019）

这是一份【技能篇】专题01 阅读理解“长难句克星”：主干提取三步法+观点态度词库-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升讲义（含答案）（人教版2019），文件包含技能篇专题01阅读理解“长难句克星”主干提取三步法+观点态度词库原卷版docx、技能篇专题01阅读理解“长难句克星”主干提取三步法+观点态度词库解析版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共68页， 欢迎下载使用。
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
高考考点聚焦
考点一
细节理解题考查长难句
（2024-2025高二上·浙江六校联盟·期中）In the vast and diverse wrld f animals, there exists dd gestures that ften leave us humans puzzled and amazed. These gestures, which may seem strange r unusual t us, are actually fascinating glimpses int the unique behavirs and cmmunicatin styles f ur pets.
Animals want ur attentin, and smetimes they’re quite bvius abut asking fr it. Odd gesture are ften ur pets’ way f telling us t stp what we’re ding and play with them. It’s why Fid cnstantly fllws his tail and why Kitty keeps rlling arund. An extremely bred pet may chse “bad” behavirs t cause a reactin!
Sure, yur dg lves yu, but that’s nt why he’s licking (舔) yur face. A little dg learns t lick his mther’s muth t btain a little fd, s Spt isn’t kissing yu in ur sense f the wrd; he just wants a snack.
Cat wners als misinterpret their pets’ kisses. While a cat might lick yu t shw lve, smetimes she’ll d it t cmfrt herself. One way t tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it ges n fr a lng perid f time.
At sme pint yu’ve prbably tld these wrds t smene wh made yu angry. Dgs think similarly, aviding eye cntact with anyne wh injures their feelings. Anther sign f anger: yawning (打哈欠). A yawning dg may nt be tired but anxius, nt bred but stressed. Similarly, lip-licking — when there isn’t fd arund t bring abut it — is anther sign f threat.
Yu might think yur dg is running arund the backyard, having the time f his life while yu’re away. But the reality is that he’s mst likely just sitting in ne spt fr hurs, waiting fr yu t return with anxiety. Dgs actually prefer t be inside, ideally with their wners.
1．If a dg intends t eat fd, which actin will it take?
A．It stretches its legs, yawning.
B．It makes an eye cntact with its wner.
C．It licks its wner’s face with a sft tngue.
D．It runs arund the backyard, fllwing its tail.
2．What d we learn abut the gesture if a cat cnstantly kisses itself?
A．It feels amused.B．It feels stressed.
C．It feels angry.D．It feels tired.
3．When the dg sits fr a lng time withut mving，it reveals ________.
A．the dg is eagerly awaiting yur returnB．the dg displays a sign f tiredness
C．the dg is extremely bred t play with yuD．the dg displays a sign f embarrassment
考点二
推理判断题与观点态度
（2024-2025高二上·广东部分名校·期中）In recent years, a new trend called begpacking has appeared in the travel wrld. This term is a cmbinatin f begging and backpacking. Begpackers are typically sme turists wh travel t ther cuntries, and ask fr mney frm lcals t help supprt their trips. They can be seen sitting in streets with signs written in the lcal language, asking fr mney t fund their travels. Sme begpackers play music r sell handmade items t get mney. Others just ask fr mney withut giving anything back in return.
While begpacking might appear t be an inncent way fr travelers t fund their trips, it’s against the law t earn mney as a turist in many cuntries. Even s, this desn’t seem t stp begpackers frm trying. And as a result, it’s caused a lt f cntrversial (有争议的) discussin.
“If yu cannt affrd t travel, dn’t d it, let alne ask lcals t pay fr it,” Rbert Rashid wrte in a Medium article. Rashid, a jurnalist wh lives in Seul, has been called the “begpacker buster”, and is knwn fr speaking ut against turists wh beg n the streets. He even reprts them t the plice. Rashid said he believes begpacking is “emtinal bribery (贿赂)”, and takes advantage f the genersity f lcals, sme f whm might be pr themselves.
Filipin lawyer Raphael Pangalangan said begpacking is an example f “natinality privilege”— having advantages because f the cuntry f yur natinality. “If peple frm prer cuntries were t try begpacking,” Pangalangan said, “they wuld be quickly deprted (驱逐出境).”
But Will Hattn frm the travel website The Brke Backpacker says begpacking desn’t have t be a negative thing. He tld CNN he desn’t supprt begging, but he believes peple wh play music r sell items t fund their travels are being brave and explring alternative lifestyles.
1．What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 1?
A．Shw the authr’s pint f view.
B．Make necessary cmparisn fr the readers.
C．Offer basic evidences t the tpic.
D．Intrduce a new phenmenn fr discussin.
2．What is Rbert Rashid’s attitude twards begpacking?
A．Objective.B．Disapprving.C．Admirable.D．Curius.
3．What can we learn abut begpacking accrding t the text?
A．It’s illegal t practice begpacking glbally.
B．It’s acceptable t cllect mney frm generus lcals.
C．Pr begpackers are mre likely t get help.
D．Using prper ways t fund is a reasnable chice.
考点三
词义猜测题
（2024-2025高二上·重庆七校·期中）I sld ne f my cars and switched t an e-bike ne year ag. I knew that I was ding smething gd fr the planet. But I still viewed giving up my car as smething reserved fr the deeply cmmitted and adventurus, smething that Greenpeace vlunteers did t make the wrld better. Hwever, I live in Clrad; e-bike wuld mean freezing in the winter and sweating in the summer. It was the right thing t d, I thught, but it was nt ging t be fun.
I was very wrng. Befre selling my car, I wrried mst abut riding in the cld winter mnths. But I quickly learned that, as the saying ges, there is n bad weather, nly bad clthes. I wear glves, warm scks and a ski jacket when I ride, and I am almst never t cld.
Thugh I, like many wuld-be cyclists, was wrried abut arriving at the ffice sweaty in htter mnths, the e-bike slved my prblem. Even when there was 35 degrees Celsius utside, I didn’t sweat, thanks t my bike’s pedal-assist mde (脚踏辅助模式). If I am hnest, smetimes I didn’t even pedal; I just switched t pedal-assist mde, sat back and enjyed my ride.
But biking t wrk wasn’t just nt unpleasant — it was entirely enjyable. One day, shrtly after selling ur car, I hpped n (跳上) my bike after a stressful day at wrk and rde hme dwn a street edged with changing fall leaves. I felt mre cnnected t the physical envirnment arund me than I had when I’d traveled the same rute surrunded by metal and glass. I have t say, this sensatin made me happier and healthier.
Of curse, e-bikes aren’t ging t replace every car n every trip. In a cuntry where uncntrlled stretching f suburbs and malls and unprtected bike paths are the nrm, it’s unrealistic t expect e-bikes t replace cars in the way that the Mdel T (福特公司第一款大规模生产的汽车) replaced hrses. But as an individual, making shrt trips n an e-bike wuld save mney, cut carbn ftprints, and imprve health and well-being.
4．What did the authr riginally think f letting g f his car?
A．A healthy mve.B．A difficult chice.
C．A call f duty.D．A crwd-driven decisin.
5．Hw did the authr feel abut the actual experience f riding t wrk?
A．Cnfused.B．Embarrassed.C．Anxius.D．Amazed.
6．What des the underlined part “this sensatin” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Interest in explring new rutes.B．Desire t head hme faster.
C．Relief frm wrk pressure.D．Lve fr expsure t nature.
考点四
主旨大意题
（2024-2025高二上·广东深圳三校联考·期中）The cliche (陈词滥调) f a knitter is a white-haired lady. But in the 1940s, yung male Ryal Air Frce pilts used needles as they waited fr their next missin. Wartime pilts crashed a lt and“lap crafts” like knitting, helped rebuild flexibility in wunded limbs while als helping t settle wunded minds. They were the fundatin f early ccupatinal therapy (治疗).
Tday, millins f peple arund the wrld emply these same techniques. “They are clsely assciated with ur mental health,” says Janine Smith, the wner f a stre that sells supplies fr knitting and crcheting (用钩针编制). “I knw that if I haven’t knitted fr a few days, I really miss it. It’s like meditatin.”
Physitherapist Betsan Crkhill and ccupatinal therapist Jill Riley were part f a team frm Cardiff University that, ten years ag, surveyed mre than 3,500 knitters and fund that the mre frequently peple knitted, the calmer and happier they felt.
In reality, it is a “Flw”, which is a cncept first named by psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi as he wrte in his bk, “The best mments in ur lives are nt the passive, receptive, relaxing times. The best mments usually ccur if a persn’s bdy r mind is stretched t its limits in a vluntary effrt t accmplish smething difficult and wrthwhile.”
Shauna Richardsn knws just hw true this is. The artist spent 18 mnths in a state f flw when she crcheted three seven-metre-lng lins fr the 2012 Cultural Olympiad. T cmplete the task, which required nearly 38 miles f wl, she says she had t “zne everything ut and sustain a state f mind driven by rhythm and prcess.”
But smaller prjects will als get yu there. Even a simple knitting r crchet pattern requires attentiveness t ensure that each stitch is made crrectly. And if there’s nt enugh challenge in the straightfrward, yu can make additins, frm clur changes t textured stitches t highly cmplicated patterns.
The Cardiff research team fund that even thugh mst f the peple surveyed were emplyed, three-quarters f thse wh knitted three r mre times a week felt significantly mre able t rganise their thughts and frget their prblems.
1．What is the best title f the text?
A．Active Hands, Calm Minds.B．Unique Therapy, Effective Healing.
C．Special Techniques, Organized Thughts.D．Simple Knitting, Strng Bdy.
Passage 01
（2024-2025·广东八校联盟·高二上教学质量检测）“Wh’s a gd reader? It’s yu, isn’t it?” This is a typical example f “parentese (父母语)”. Recent research suggests that parents speaking parentese t their babies can give the babies’ language develpment a serius bst. In the study, researchers fund that teaching parents hw t speak prper parentese enhanced their ability t cmmunicate with their babies — and even imprved the children’s lng-term language skills.
Parentese is distinct frm cnventinal baby talk, which mstly relies n silly sunds and made-up wrds. In the 1960s, scientists studying speech patterns acrss different languages nticed a unique style that adults used addressing yung children. This language was characterized by simple wrds and grammar, high pitch (音调) and a much slwer speed. The baby-directed speech was first named “mtherese” befre it was called “parentese”.
Later research shwed parentese is grammatically crrect, with real wrds and phrases, which helped babies differentiate between wrds and prcess what was being said. “We’ve knwn fr sme time that use f parentese is assciated with imprved language utcmes, but we didn’t knw why,” says Patricia K. Kuhl, the new research’s senir authr. But Kuhl thinks the new research suggests why parentese helps babies learn language skills.
“We nw think parentese wrks because it’s a scial attractin fr the baby brain,” she says. “Its high pitch and slwer speed are scially engaging and invite the baby t respnd.”
All 71 families in the new study had their children equipped with a special cat with an audi recrder built in. During fur separate weekends when the babies were 6,10,14 and 18mnths ld, the researchers recrded all f the interactins between family members and the babies. The 48 families wh were randmly selected fr a curse in parentese learned abut ways t include mre parentese in cnversatin.
And even thugh all f the participating families used sme frm f parentese at the start f the study, the babies f parents wh received caching shwed the mst imprvements in their cnversatin skills. Beynd that, thse babies had a 100-wrd vcabulary cmpared with the cntrl grup, wh nly knew 60 wrds at 18 mnths.
8．Which aspect f the new study des paragraph 1 fcus n?
A．Its aim.B．Its result.C．Its prcedure.D．Its participants.
9．What did scientists find abut parentese in the 1960s?
A．It was easy t fllw.B．It was unique t mthers.
C．It was full f made-up wrds.D．It was similar t traditinal baby talk.
10．What des Kuhl say abut parentese?
A．It inspires babies t speak mre.B．It has shrt-term effects n babies.
C．It teaches babies mre scial skills.D．It helps babies differentiate wrds and phrases.
11．What des the underlined wrd “caching” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Casual advice r guidance.B．Frmal training r instructin.
C．Observatin withut interventin.D．Emtinal supprt withut practical help.
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了最新的研究表明，父母对婴儿说的父母语有助于婴儿语言的发展。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recent research suggests that parents speaking parentese t their babies can give the babies' language develpment a serius bst. In the study, researchers fund that teaching parents hw t speak prper parentese enhanced their ability t cmmunicate with their babies — and even imprved the children’s lng-term language skills.(最近的研究表明，父母对孩子说父母话可以大大促进孩子的语言发展。在这项研究中，研究人员发现，教父母如何说正确的父母语可以提高他们与孩子沟通的能力，甚至可以提高孩子的长期语言技能)”可知，第一段主要关注的是研究的结果，即教父母如何说正确的“父母语”可以增强他们与婴儿沟通的能力，甚至提高孩子的长期语言技能。故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In the 1960s, scientists studying speech patterns acrss different languages nticed a unique style that adults used addressing yung children. This language was characterized by simple wrds and grammar, high pitch (音调) and a much slwer speed.(在20世纪60年代，研究不同语言的语言模式的科学家注意到，成年人对幼儿的称呼有一种独特的风格。这种语言的特点是单词和语法简单，音调高，语速慢得多)”可推知，20世纪60年代，父母对幼儿说的话的特点是单词和语法简单，说话速度慢，故可推知，20世纪60年代的父母语很容易听懂。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“‘We nw think parentese wrks because it's a scial attractin fr the baby brain,’ she says. ‘Its high pitch and slwer speed are scially engaging and invite the baby t respnd.’(‘我们现在认为，父母语之所以有效，是因为它对婴儿的大脑是一种社会吸引力，’她说。‘它的高音调和较慢的速度具有社交吸引力，并邀请婴儿做出回应。’)”可知，Kuhl认为父母语是有用的，它邀请婴儿积极做出回应，因此可以鼓励婴儿说话。故选A。
11．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“The 48 families wh were randmly selected fr a curse in parentese learned abut ways t include mre parentese in cnversatin.(随机选择的48个家庭参加了父母语课程，学习了如何在谈话中更多地使用父母语)”可知，48个家庭被随机选中参加了一个关于“parentese”的课程，并学习了如何在对话中更多地使用这种语言方式，而那些接受了指导的父母的孩子在对话技能上表现出了最大的进步。因此，caching在这里指的是提供关于特定技能或主题的正式培训或指导。故选B。
Passage 02
（2024-2025·安徽十校联考·高二上1月联考）It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. That is, inventins suppsedly arise when a sciety has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventins d fit in this categry. Fr example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cttn gins (轧棉机) t replace labrius hand cleaning f cttn grwn in the U. S. Suth.
Such familiar examples fl us int assuming that ther majr inventins were als respnses t perceived needs. In fact, mst inventins were develped by peple driven by curisity r by a lve f tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventr then had t find an applicatin fr it. Only after it had been in use fr a cnsiderable time did cnsumers cme t feel that they “needed” it. Thus, inventin is ften the mther f necessity, rather than vice versa.
A gd example is the histry f the mtr vehicle which was nt invented in respnse t any demand. When Niklaus Ott built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when hrse wagns and steam-pwered railrads dminated transprtatin. Public cntentment with these tw means remained high until Wrld War I when the armies cncluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made thse vehicles a substitute fr hrse-drawn wagns in industrialized cuntries.
Inventrs ften have t insist n their tinkering fr a lng time in the absence f public demand, because early mdels perfrm t prly t be useful. Fr instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and televisin sets were as awful as Ott’s seven-ft-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult fr an inventr t fresee whether his r her awful prttype might eventually find a use and thus invest mre time and expense t develp it. Even inventins that meet the need fr which they were initially designed may later prve mre valuable at meeting unfreseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine t pump water frm mines, it sn was supplying pwer t cttn mills, then (with much greater prfit) driving trains and bats.
28．Why is Eli Whitney mentined by the writer in the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic.B．T deny a statement.
C．T clarify a dubt.D．T illustrate a view.
29．What led t the wide use f mtr vehicles accrding t the text?
A．The imprvement f engine perfrmance.B．The end f Wrld War I.
C．The need f the military during war time.D．The decline f hrse-drawn wagns.
30．What des the underlined wrd “That” refer t in the last paragraph?
A．Absence f public demand.B．Bad perfrmance f early mdels.
C．A lack f time and expense.D．Awful lks f previus inventins.
31．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Scial Need: the Inner Drive fr Inventin
B．Great Inventin: the Frce f Sciety’s Prgress
C．Beynd Necessity: the Curius Pursuit f Inventin
D．General Applicatin: the Final Purpse f Inventin
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．B 31．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. That is, inventins suppsedly arise when a sciety has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventins d fit in this categry. Fr example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cttn gins (轧棉机) t replace labrius hand cleaning f cttn grwn in the U. S. Suth. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”。也就是说，当一个社会有一种未被满足的需求时，发明就会出现。相当多的发明确实属于这一类。例如，1794年，Eli Whitney发明了轧棉机，以取代美国南部种植的棉花的手工清洗)”可知，以Eli Whitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Public cntentment with these tw means remained high until Wrld War I when the armies cncluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made thse vehicles a substitute fr hrse-drawn wagns in industrialized cuntries.(公众对这两种交通工具的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大战，军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使卡车成为工业化国家马车的替代品)”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行。故选C项。
30．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Inventrs ften have t persist at their tinkering fr a lng time in the absence f public demand, because early mdels perfrm t prly t be useful. Fr instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and televisin sets were as awful as Ott’s seven-ft-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult fr an inventr t fresee whether his r her awful prttype might eventually find a use and thus invest mre time and expense t develp it.(在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修理, 因为早期模型的性能太差而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与 Ott的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It is a cmmn view that “Necessity is the mther f inventin”. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”)”以及第二段中 “Thus, inventin is ften the mther f necessity, rather than vice versa.(因此，发明往往是必要性之母, 而不是反过来)”以及最后一段中“Even inventins that meet the need fr which they were initially designed may later prve mre valuable at meeting unfreseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine t pump water frm mines, it sn was supplying pwer t cttn mills, then (with much greater prfit) prpelling trains and bats.(即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯·瓦特设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后（利润更大）推动火车和船只)”可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。C 选项“超越需求：对发明的好奇追求” 能很好地概括文章主旨，故选C项。
Passage 03
（2024-2025·河南豫北名校·高二上9月联考）Waves f innvatin ften create giants. Artificial intelligence (AI) may well be the next big technlgical shift, transfrming the way f businesses. Firms selling the sftware and hardware that supprt AI will gain a lt f prfit. But nne is better psitined than Nvidia, an American firm that makes specialist AI chips. Its market value briefly passed $1,000 billin this week. Will Nvidia always be a tech-giant in this field?
The hype (炒作) arund AI makes the questin hard t answer. Excitement abut Nvidia began t munt in Nvember, after the release f ChatGPT, an AI-pwered chatbt. Since then many kinds f firms have launched AI prducts.
Nvidia is in an enviable (令人羡慕的) psitin. Its cre business is designing high-perfrmance chips. At first it sld these t vide-game lvers. The chips were als highly efficient at training AI mdels, and a new, bming market emerged.
Nvidia als had the frethught t invest in tw areas that helped strengthen its dminance (支配地位). One is advanced netwrking. Because training AI mdels requires vast amunts f prcessing pwer, many chips — smetimes thusands — are used at the same time. These chips exchange data alng a high-perfrmance, AI-tailred netwrk.
Nvidia’s ther strength is its sftware. CUDA, its AI platfrm, is ppular with prgrammers and runs nly n the cmpany’s chips. Fr instance, by giving free access t its chips and sftware t sme AI researchers, the firm fcused n encuraging develpers t use its sftware lng befre its cmpetitrs set ut t w them.
Despite all these advantages, hwever, Nvidia’s lasting dminance is nt assured. New cmpanies and big chipmakers want a share f Nvidia’s netwrk and chip businesses. The biggest challenge, thugh, may cme frm Nvidia’s wn custmers. The clud-cmputing arms f bth Amazn and Alphabet are designing their wn AI-tailred chips. Bth have the ptential t becme fearsme cmpetitrs.
12．Which f the fllwing makes Nvidia enviable accrding t the passage?
A．The hype arund artificial intelligence.B．The release f ChatGPT.
C．The availability f its chips.D．The high perfrmance f its chips.
13．What des the underlined wrd “w” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A．Hunt fr.B．Attend t.C．Apprve f.D．Guard against.
14．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Nvidia will lse its dminance definitely.B．Nvidia shuld further imprve its chips.
C．Alphabet has weakened Nvidia’s market.D．Amazn will defeat Nvidia sn.
15．What des the authr think f Nvidia’s dminance in the future?
A．Unchallengeable. B．Uncertain.C．Predictable.D．Assured.
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英伟达芯片的高性能令人羡慕，然而许多公司都推出了人工智能产品，让其领导地位受到了挑战。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“But nne is better psitined than Nvidia, an American firm that makes specialist AI chips.(但没有哪家公司比生产专业人工智能芯片的美国公司英伟达更有优势)”以及第三段“Nvidia is in an enviable (令人羡慕的) psitin.(英伟达处于一个令人羡慕的位置)”可知，芯片的高性能让英伟达令人羡慕。故选D。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“by giving free access t its chips and sftware t sme AI researchers, the firm fcused n encuraging develpers t use its sftware lng befre its cmpetitrs set ut t(通过向一些人工智能研究人员免费提供其芯片和软件，该公司专注于鼓励开发人员使用其软件，早在竞争对手开始之前……)”可知，英伟达通过向一些人工智能研究人员免费提供其芯片和软件，该公司早在竞争对手开始寻找到这些人员之前就专注于鼓励开发人员使用其软件。故划线词意思是“寻找”。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The biggest challenge, thugh, may cme frm Nvidia’s wn custmers. The clud-cmputing arms f bth Amazn and Alphabet are designing their wn AI-tailred chips. Bth have the ptential t becme fearsme cmpetitrs.(不过，最大的挑战可能来自英伟达自己的客户。亚马逊和Alphabet的云计算部门都在设计自己的人工智能定制芯片。两者都有可能成为令人生畏的竞争对手)”可知，英伟达应该进一步改进它的芯片。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite all these advantages, hwever, Nvidia’s lasting dminance is nt assured.(然而，尽管有这些优势，英伟达的长期统治地位仍不确定)”可知，英伟达在未来的主导地位是不确定的。故选B。
真题感知
Passage 01
C
【2025全国1卷】While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these. In their new bk Mvement: Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives, they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag. Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere. Sme cmmunities fught back. Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple, amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? The authrs f Mvement have it right: it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
28. What phenmenn des the authr pint ut in paragraph 1?
A. Cars ften get stuck n the rad.B. Traffic accidents ccur frequently.
C. Peple walk less and drive mre.D. Pedestrians fail t fllw the rules.
29. What were the Canadian jurnalist and ther campaigners trying t d?
A. Keep their cities livable.B. Prmte cultural diversity.
C. Help the needy families.D. Make expressways accessible.
30. What can be inferred abut the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s?
A. They bsted the sales f cars.B. They turned ut largely ineffective.
C. They wn gvernment supprt.D. They advcated building new parks.
31. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Why the Rush?B. What’s Next?
C. Where t Stay?D. Wh t Blame?
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years, transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility, especially amng yung children. Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl, s they pack them int the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mst famusly, a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park. Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live, and nt just rush thrugh.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacbs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Althugh these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car. The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh, but we fail t accunt fr the true csts. D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush thrugh (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
Passage 02
【2025全国1卷】Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans.
Nw, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level f micrplastics in water frm yur tap (水龙头): biling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Envirnmental Science & Technlgy Letters, researchers frm China fund that biling tap water fr just five minutes — then filtering it after it cls — culd remve at least 80 percent f its micrplastics.
Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. Additinally, the research didn’t include all types f plastics. The team fcused nly n three cmmn types — plystyrene, plyethylene and plyprpylene — and they didn’t study ther chemicals previusly fund in water such as vinyl chlride.
Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly difficult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught.
Scientists are still trying t determine hw harmful micrplastics are — but what they d knw has raised cncerns. The new study suggests biling tap water culd be a tl t limit intake. “The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.”
32. Hw des the authr present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quting an expert.B. By defining a cncept.
C. By giving examples.D. By prviding statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness f trapping micrplastics in water?
A. The hardness f water.B. The length f cling time.
C. The frequency f filtering.D. The type f plastic in water.
34. What des the authr try t illustrate by mentining bttled water in paragraph 4?
A. The imprtance f plastic recycling.B. The severity f the micrplastic prblem.
C. The danger in verusing pure water.D. The difficulty in treating plluted water.
35. What is Gauchtte-Lindsay’s suggestin abut?
A. Chice f new research methds.B. Pssible directin fr further study.
C. Need t invlve mre researchers.D. Ptential applicatin f the findings.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Micrplastics have becme a cmmn surce f pllutin acrss the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and n the Himalayas, stuck inside vlcanic rcks, filled the stmachs f seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snw. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this prcess relies n the water cntaining enugh calcium carbnate (碳酸钙) t trap the plastics. In the study, biling hard water cntaining 300 milligrams f calcium carbnate led t an almst 90 percent drp in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams f calcium carbnate, biling reduced the level f plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure — a task that’s becming increasingly diffcult. Even bttled water, scientists fund earlier this year, cntains 10 t 1,000 times mre micrplastics than riginally thught. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demnstrated hw micrplastics were trapped thrugh the biling prcess was nice,” Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay, an envirnmental engineer f the University f Glasgw in Sctland wh was nt invlved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We shuld be lking int upgrading drinking water treatment plants s they remve micrplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，Carline Gauchtte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
Passage 03
【2025新课标ⅠⅠ卷】When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashin right nw,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher frm the University f Flrida. “Peple wh live in plant-rich envirnments reprt a higher life satisfactin rating, ” she says. “Adding mre nature t ur envirnment can change ur md and hw we think.” Plants can imprve ur state f mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing ur level f crtisl, the stress hrmne (激素) in ur bdy.
“Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”
If yu’re amng the grups f peple wh are enjying the mental and physical health benefits f surrunding yurself with plants, dn’t beat yurself up if ne (r a few!) desn’t make it. “Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says.
8. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
9. What is ne f Knuth’s findings abut plants?
A. They appeal mre t students.B. They purify the envirnment.
C. They raise the crtisl level.D. They enhance prductivity.
10 What des Detrinidad try t explain by mentining dctrs and lawyers?
A. The necessity f scial skills.B. The meaning f sustainability.
C. The imprtance f repeated effrts.D. The value f prfessinal pinins.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Time t Replace HuseplantsB. Plants Bst Yur Md
C. Tips n Chsing HuseplantsD. Plants Brighten Yur Hme
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. (当Snja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Snja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students wh are arund plants perfrm better academically than students wh are in a classrm withut plants,” says Knuth. “This prductivity als translates int the wrkplace fr adults. Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Dctrs practice medicine and lawyers practice law and yu shuld allw yurself the practice it takes t sustain a plant. Tending t plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care f it, but if it dies, g get anther ne,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Bst Yur Md (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
Passage 04
【2025新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Des yur sul die a little every time yu thrw away unused fd? Mine des. Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Fd waste is a grwing cncern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. Frm technlgical slutins t educatinal campaigns, fd prducers and sellers are lking fr ways t use mre f what we’re already grwing. But last mnth, ne ppular New Yrk City restaurant tried a different way: It changed its menu t exclusively (专门) ffer fd that wuld therwise be thrwn away.
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine.
Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways t address prblems f sustainability, and that yu can make an amazing meal ut f almst anything.
12. What can be inferred abut the authr’s early life?
A. He witnessed fd shrtage.B. He enjyed the lcal cuisine.
C. He dnated fd t Africans.D. He helped t ck at hme.
13. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Why the ingredients were used.B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made f.D. Where the ingredients were bught.
15. What can we learn abut wastED?
A. It has ended as planned.B. It is creating new jbs.
C. It has regained ppularity.D. It is criticized by tp chefs.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling cmes frm grwing up in Suth Africa where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was mre f an uncmfrtable reminder f fact than a prayer at dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It shuld be nted that nne f the items n wastED’s menu was technically made frm garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples f meat cuts and prduce that mst restaurants wuld never cnsider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish cllars, rejected sweet ptates, and cucumber butts were all re-apprpriated and, with the help f a number f gd chefs, turned int excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Thugh wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed frm the start as a shrt-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned t its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经按计划结束了。故选A。
Passage 05
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
4. What can be learned abut cats' mewing frm the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill.B. It's taught by mther cats.
C. It's hard t interpret.D. It's getting luder with age.
5. Hw des a pet cat assess different situatins?
A. By listening fr sunds.B. By tuching familiar bjects.
C. By checking n smells.D. By cmmunicating with ther cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perfrm apprpriately.B. Mve faster.C. Act strangely.D. D better.
7. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Tips n Finding a Smart CatB. Understanding Yur Cat's Behavir
C. Have Fun with Yur CatD. Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (声音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther’s attentin and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a ntch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Yur Cat’s Behavir(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
Passage 06
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】In the race t dcument the species n Earth befre they g extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have cllected billins f recrds. Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. Thugh they are useful fr detecting shifts in the number and variety f species in an area, a new Stanfrd study has fund that this type f recrd is nt perfect.
“With the rise f technlgy it is easy fr peple t make bservatins f different species with the aid f a mbile applicatin,” said Barnabas Daru, wh is lead authr f the study and assistant prfessr f bilgy in the Stanfrd Schl f Humanities and Sciences. “These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable?”
Using a glbal dataset f 1.9 billin recrds f plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested hw well these data represent actual glbal bidiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number f bservatin-nly recrds did nt lead t better glbal cverage. Mrever, these data are biased and favr certain regins, time perids, and species. This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby. These data are als biased tward certain species with attractive r eye-catching features.
What can we d with the imperfect datasets f bidiversity?
“Quite a lt,” Daru explained. “Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image.”
32. What d we knw abut the recrds f species cllected nw?
A. They are becming utdated.B. They are mstly in electrnic frm.
C. They are limited in number.D. They are used fr public exhibitin.
33. What des Daru’s study fcus n?
A. Threatened species.B. Physical specimens.
C. Observatinal data.D. Mbile applicatins.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.B. Pr quality f upladed pictures.
C. Imprper way f sampling.D. Unreliable data cllectin devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestin fr bidiversity apps?
A. Review data frm certain areas.B. Hire experts t check the recrds.
C. Cnfirm the identity f the users.D. Give guidance t citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday, mst recrds f bidiversity are ften in the frm f phts, vides, and ther digital recrds. (今天，大多数生物多样性记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the peple wh get bservatinal bidiversity data n mbile devices are ften citizen scientists recrding their encunters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Bidiversity apps can use ur study results t infrm users f versampled areas and lead them t places — and even species — that are nt well-sampled. T imprve the quality f bservatinal data, bidiversity apps can als encurage users t have an expert cnfirm the identificatin f their upladed image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
提升专练
Passage 01
（2024-2025·湖南永州·高二上1月期末）Glaciers (冰川) are enrmus masses f ice created by snw that has becme packed ver many years. Hidden inside sme f them are dramatic and beautiful caves called glacier caves (洞), which are made entirely f ice.
Hw d they frm? Ice caves, usually lying within r beneath glaciers, are frmed by the meltwater f the glacier that flws thrugh the ice during perids f rainfall r during the warmer mnths when the glacier ice is melting (融化). Where the melted water flws thrugh cracks (裂缝) in the ice, the cracks get bigger and bigger ver time. Eventually, a glacier cave is frmed.
Glacier caves are valuable t glacilgists, scientists wh study glaciers. Usually, glacilgists can study the surface f a glacier, but these caves let them see the underside and inside. Studying a glacier frm the inside helps scientists learn abut the way a glacier mves and slides.
As the climate changes, glaciers are melting quickly, leading t rising sea levels. Glacier caves are changing quickly t. Frm ne visit t the next, peple might find that sme rms in a cave have disappeared while thers have frmed. Ice may have thickened r thinned as mre air enters thrugh places where the ice has melted thrugh. Because f this, the vlume has t be re-mapped every few weeks. “It’s very different frm a rck cave, which never changes,” said Cartaya, a 46-year-ld Frest Service wrker and EMT in Bend, Oregn. “Once yu survey a rck cave, it’s dne. With these, every week it’s changing.”
Glacilgists and ther scientists measure these changes. The infrmatin can help them figure ut what is happening with ur sea levels and ur planet. In recent years, data cllected frm the cave system has unlcked an imprtant clue in tracking glacial lss. They hpe t prvide critical new infrmatin fr understanding the impact f glacial lss n water resurces and glbal sea level rise.
12．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The effects f glacier caves.B．The changes f glacier caves.
C．The frmatin f glacier caves.D．The definitin f glacier caves.
13．Why des the authr mentin Cartaya’s wrds in paragraph 4?
A．T prve a pint.B．T intrduce a tpic.
C．T draw a cnclusin.D．T attract readers’ interest.
14．What can we learn frm the text?
A．Glacier caves change slwly.
B．Glacier caves are made partly f ice.
C．Meltwater flws thrugh the ice cracks in clder weather.
D．Glacier caves help figure ut hw glaciers mve and slide.
15．What d scientists think f the current research?
A．Satisfying.B．Disappinting.C．Shcking.D．Cnfusing.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰川洞穴的形成、对冰川学家的价值，以及因气候变化其不断变化的情况，科学家通过研究洞穴变化了解海平面和地球的情况。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Hw d they frm? Ice caves, usually lying within r beneath glaciers, are frmed by the meltwater f the glacier that flws thrugh the ice during perids f rainfall r during the warmer mnths when the glacier ice is melting (融化). Where the melted water flws thrugh cracks (裂缝) in the ice, the cracks get bigger and bigger ver time. Eventually, a glacier cave is frmed.(它们是如何形成的呢?冰洞通常位于冰川内部或下方，是由冰川的融水在降雨期间或冰川冰融化的温暖月份流经冰层形成的。当融化的水从冰中的裂缝流过时，随着时间的推移，裂缝会越来越大。最终，一个冰川洞穴就形成了)”可知，该段主要讲述了冰川洞穴的形成。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Glacier caves are changing quickly t. Frm ne visit t the next, peple might find that sme rms in a cave have disappeared while thers have frmed. Ice may have thickened r thinned as mre air enters thrugh places where the ice has melted thrugh. Because f this, the vlume has t be re-mapped every few weeks.(冰川洞穴也在迅速变化。在一次又一次的参观中，人们可能会发现洞穴中的一些洞室消失了，而另一些洞室则形成了。随着更多的空气从冰融化的地方进入，冰可能变厚或变薄。因此，每隔几周体积就必须重新测绘)”可知，段中先提出冰川洞穴在迅速变化这一观点。然后引用了Cartaya的话“It’s very different frm a rck cave, which never changes,(这里和岩洞非常不同，岩洞永远不会变)”和“Once yu survey a rck cave, it’s dne. With these, every week it’s changing.(一旦你勘测了一个岩洞，一切就完成了。而这些冰川洞穴，每周都在变化)”可知，作者提到Cartaya的话是为了证明冰川洞穴在迅速变化这一观点。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Studying a glacier frm the inside helps scientists learn abut the way a glacier mves and slides.(从内部研究冰川有助于科学家了解冰川移动和滑动的方式)”可知，冰川洞穴有助于弄清楚冰川是如何移动和滑动的。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In recent years, data cllected frm the cave system has unlcked an imprtant clue in tracking glacial lss. They hpe t prvide critical new infrmatin fr understanding the impact f glacial lss n water resurces and glbal sea level rise.(近年来，从洞穴系统收集的数据为追踪冰川流失提供了一条重要线索。他们希望为了解冰川流失对水资源和全球海平面上升的影响提供关键的新信息)”可知，科学家们认为目前的研究是令人满意的，因为有了重要发现并有望提供关键新信息。故选A项。
Passage 02
（2024-2025·江苏扬州广陵区江苏省扬州中学·高一下学期5月考）We knw that smartphne addictin is real, and that it can affect lives in negative ways. While sme peple have tried ging cld turkey (快速戒掉坏习惯)r even punishing themselves fr using their mbile phnes, an app is made available in the UK that rewards peple fr staying away frm their devices.
The app, called Hld, was created by Nrwegians Maths Mathisen, Flrian Winder, and Vinth Vinaya while they are studying at Cpenhagen's Business schl t help break fellw students' attachments t their devices.
The three cllege students fund that psitive reinfrcement (强化)was the best way f beating smartphne addictin. Hld allws students t cllect pints fr staying ff their devices between the hurs f 7 am and 11 pm; they get 10 pints fr every 20 minutes.
Thrugh partnerships with universities and businesses, pints can be used fr discunts n everything frm cinema tickets t Amazn gds t cafe fd and drink. A half price cinema ticket, fr example, csts 60 pints, r 2 hurs away frm a phne. And a £ 5 ( $6. 88 ) Amazn vucher (代金券)needs 1 ,000 pints, r 33 hurs ff yur smartphne.
Students can als use their pints t buy schl bks and statinery (文具),which are then dnated t schls partnered with children's charity Unicef.
Over 120,000 peple use the app in Scandinavia, including 40 percent f higher educatin students in Nrway, where Hld first came nt market in February 2016. It's nw available t students frm ver 170 universities in the UK.
A 2017 University f Texas study claimed that merely placing a smartphne in smene's line f sight slwed dwn their prductivity, respnse time, and reduced their grades. An earlier study frm the Lndn Schl f Ecnmics fund students wh didn't use smartphnes n schl grunds saw their test scres increase 6. 4 percent.
8．The app Hld was created mainly t .
A．prmte nline sales f gds.B．earn discunts n gds r services .
C．find new uses f mbile phne.D．help students put dwn their smartphnes.
9．Hw lng shuld a student stay ff the mbile phne t get 300 pints?
A．6 hurs.B．10 hurs.C．15 hurs.D．30 hurs.
10．What is the main purpse f the text ?
A．T tell the stry f Hld creatinB．T present peple's pinins f Hld
C．T give a brief intrductin f HldD．T attract ptential custmers t Hld
11．Where is the text mst likely t appear ?
A．A newspaper advertisementB．A cmputer textbk
C．A science magazineD．An fficial dcument
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。智能手机成瘾已逐渐成为一种非常普遍的现象，而且会对生活产生负面影响。三个挪威的大学生发明了一款名为Hld的应用程序奖励人们远离手机，帮助他们打破对手机的依赖。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The app, called Hld, was created by Nrwegians Maths Mathisen, Flrian Winder, and Vinth Vinaya while they are studying at Cpenhagen's Business schl t help break fellw students' attachments t their devices.（这款应用名为“Hld”，由挪威的马提斯顿(Maths Mathisen)、弗洛里安•温德(Flrian Winder)和维诺斯•维纳亚(Vinth Vinaya)在哥本哈根商学院(Cpenhagen's Business schl)学习时开发，目的是帮助同学们摆脱对设备的依赖。）”可知研发这款名为Hld的应用程序的目的是t help break fellw students' attachments t their devices(帮助学生们戒掉手机)。故选D。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Hld allws students t cllect pints fr staying ff their devices between the hurs f 7 am and 11 pm; they get 10 pints fr every 20 minutes.（Hld允许学生在早上7点到晚上11点期间远离电子设备，以此获得积分；他们每20分钟得10分。）”可知，如果学生在早7点到晚11 点期间没有使用手机，他们就会获得积分;每20分钟可以换得10个积分。如果想换得300个积分，该学生需要远离手机10个小时。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While sme peple have tried ging cld turkey (快速戒掉坏习惯)r even punishing themselves fr using their mbile phnes, an app is made available in the UK that rewards peple fr staying away frm their devices.（在有些人尝试过快速戒掉坏习惯甚至惩罚自己使用自己的手机的时候,此时一款在英国制造出来的应用程序用于奖励人远离他们的设备。）”结合全文内容对这款名为Hld 的应用程序，其中包括这款应用程序的研发目的、使用方法、使用效果等的介绍，可知本文的写作目的是向读者简要介绍这款名为Hld的应用程序。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While sme peple have tried ging cld turkey (快速戒掉坏习惯)r even punishing themselves fr using their mbile phnes, an app is made available in the UK that rewards peple fr staying away frm their devices.（在有些人尝试过快速戒掉坏习惯甚至惩罚自己使用自己的手机的时候,此时一款在英国制造出来的应用程序用于奖励人远离他们的设备。）”结合全文内容对这款名为Hld 的应用程序，其中包括这款应用程序的研发目的、使用方法、使用效果等的描述，可知全文通篇都在介绍Hld这款应用程序，由此猜测可能出自科技杂志。故选C.
Passage 03
（2024-2025·辽宁七校协作体·高二下学期3月联考）A new study published in the jurnal Science Advances finds that AI enhances creativity by bsting the nvelty f stry ideas as well as the “usefulness” f stries — their ability t engage the target audience and ptential fr publicatin. It finds that AI “prfessinalizes” stries, making them mre enjyable, mre likely t have plt twists, better written and less bring.
In a study, 300 participants were tasked with writing a shrt, eight-sentence “micr stry” fr a target audience f yung adults. They were divided int three grups: ne grup was allwed n Ad help, a secnd grup culd use ChatGPT t prvide a single three-sentence starting idea, and writers in the third grup culd chse frm up t five AI-generated ideas fr their inspiratin.
They then asked 600 peple t judge hw gd the stries were, assessing them fr nvelty and “usefulness”. They fund that writers with the mst access t AI experienced the greatest gains t their creativity, their stries scring 8.1% higher fr nvelty and 9% higher fr nvelty cmpared with stries written withut AI. Writers wh used up t five AI-generated ideas als scred higher fr emtinal characteristics, prducing stries that were better written, mre enjyable, less bring and funnier.
The researchers evaluated the writers’ creativity using a Divergent Assciatin Task (DAT) and fund that mre creative writers — thse with the highest DAT scres — benefited least frm generative AI ideas.
Less creative writers cnversely saw a greater increase in creativity: access t five AI ideas imprved nvelty by 10.7% and usefulness by 11.5% cmpared with thse wh used n AI ideas. Their stries were judged t be up. t 26.6% better written, up t 22.6% mre enjyable and up t 15.2% less bring.
Anil Dshi, Assistant Prfessr at the UCL Schl said, “While these results pint t an increase in individual creativity, there is risk f lsing cllective nvelty. If the publishing industry were t use mre generative AI-inspired stries, ur findings suggest that the stries wuld becme less unique and mre similar t each ther. That is nt encuraged in writing.”
32．What were sme participants assigned t d in the study?
A．Help targeted yung writers.B．Imprve sme less creative wrks.
C．Create a mini stry fr yung men.D．Use AI t judge the quality f stries.
33．Wh benefited mst frm the AI-assisted writing in the study?
A．Thse using AI mst.B．Thse f mst creativity.
C．Thse with the help f ChatGPT.D．Thse writing the mst.
34．What might be Anil Dshi’s attitude tward the AI-assisted writing?
A．Optimistic.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Critical.
35．What can be the best title fr the passage?
A．AI Is Being Used t Create Nvel Stries Nwadays
B．AI Is Catching n But Threatening the Future f Writers
C．AI Can Bst Creativity in Writing But Has Its Disadvantages
D．AI Helps Imprve Writing Skills But Is Limited t Yung Writers
【答案】32．C 33．A 34．B 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了AI如何提升写作创意，但也存在集体创新性下降的风险。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“ In a study, 300 participants were tasked with writing a shrt, eight-sentence “micr stry” fr a target audience f yung adults.(在一项研究中，300名参与者被要求为年轻成人写一个简短的八句话的“微型故事”)”可知，参与者被要求为年轻成人写一个微型故事。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段“They fund that writers with the mst access t AI experienced the greatest gains t their creativity, their stries scring 8.1% higher fr nvelty and 9% higher fr nvelty cmpared with stries written withut AI.(他们发现，接触人工智能最多的作家在创造力方面获得了最大的提升，他们的故事在新颖性方面得分比没有使用人工智能写作的故事高出8.1%，在创新性方面高出9%)”可知，那些得到AI帮助最多的参与者写出的故事更具创意性，他们获益最大。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据末段Anil Dshi的话“While these results pint t an increase in individual creativity, there is risk f lsing cllective nvelty. If the publishing industry were t use mre generative AI-inspired stries, ur findings suggest that the stries wuld becme less unique and mre similar t each ther. That is nt encuraged in writing.(虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但也存在失去集体创新性的风险。如果出版行业更多地使用由生成式AI启发的故事，我们的研究发现这些故事会变得更加相似，独特性降低。这种现象在写作中是不被鼓励的)”可知，Anil Dshi既提到了人工智能辅助生成故事的优点：个人创造力有所提高，也提到了缺点：集体创造力存在丧失的风险，因此他的评价是客观的。故选B。
35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“Anil Dshi, Assistant Prfessr at the UCL Schl f Management, said, “While these results pint t an increase in individual creativity, there is risk f lsing cllective nvelty. If the publishing industry were t use mre generative AI-inspired stries, ur findings suggest that the stries wuld becme less unique and mre similar t each ther. That is nt encuraged in writing.”(UCL管理学院的助理教授Anil Dshi说：“虽然这些结果表明个人创造力有所提高，但也存在失去集体创新性的风险。如果出版行业更多地使用由生成式AI启发的故事，我们的研究发现这些故事会变得更加相似，独特性降低。这种现象在写作中是不被鼓励的。”)”可知，本文主要介绍了人工智能可以提高故事创意的新颖性，但同时也会使AI协助的写作产生相似性，故判断C选项“AI可以提升写作中的创造力，但也存在缺点”是文章的最佳标题。故选C。
Passage 04
（2024-2025·陕西西安新城区·高二上期中）When it cmes t pverty relief effrts in the develping wrld, small is the new big. Cnsider Junca, a grup f wild grasses that have becme ne f China’s mst significant cntributins t the wrld’s sustainable develpment, with multiple uses being shared by peple in 105 cuntries t help tackle fd issues and desertificatin (沙漠化).
Junca, which literally means “the herbal plant fr grwing edible mushrms”, has wrked miracles fr Chinese scientists wh are cultivating it as a substrate (培养基) fr grwing edible and medicinal mushrms r as fd fr livestck, as well as using it as green barrier t stp sand hills frm advancing.
China intrduced the grass and its cultivatin technlgy t Papua New Guinea mre than 20 years ag t help lcal farmers raise livestck and grw edible mushrms. “We hpe we will help duble the agricultural prductin capacity and farmers’ incmes in Papua New Guinea. We ffer training at hme and abrad, send ur experts t teach lcal farmers, and we d serve them heart and sul as ur brthers,” said Lin Zhanxi, a 79-year-ld prfessr in Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University and the chief scientist fr grass develpment.
It’s been 35 years since Lin selected the grass species t replace wd as a substrate fr grwing mushrms in East China’s Fujian Prvince, and this has saved a vast cverage f natural frest there. Thrugh the years, Lin has develped 45 varieties f Junca, which can be used t cultivate 55 mushrm species.
Despite his age, Lin has ften traveled afar t help peple in develping cuntries learn abut the benefits f this agricultural technlgy. “The first time I went t Papua New Guinea in 1997, I realized hw peple there were struggling with extreme pverty,” Lin said. At that time, a tribe chief knelt dwn befre Lin t thank him fr bringing the technique t save them frm starvatin. T his astnishment, the tribe peple celebrated the whle night. Members f the team were s tuched that they decided t stay and help the peple shake ff pverty. In a land withut electricity r mdern devices, the team members wrked there fr eight years t teach lcals hw t cultivate and use the grass.
8．What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A．When Junca is discvered.B．What Junca lks like.
C．What Junca is applied t.D．Hw Junca evlves.
9．Why Junca is intrduced t Papua New Guinea?
A．T relief its pverty.B．T develp new varieties.
C．T tackle the issue f drught.D．T prmte crn-grwing technlgy.
10．Hw did peple in Fujian grw mushrms befre Lin brught Junca there?
A．By adding mre fertilizer.B．By using the wd as a substrate.
C．By cvering mushrms with leaves.D．By taking chpped-up wild grass as a substrate.
11．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Lin Zhanxi?
A．Hnest and strict.B．Generus and humrus.
C．Cnfident and independent.D．Devted and helpful.
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了菌草对于沙漠化，食物温饱等方面有十分明显的重要作用，文章还介绍了林占熺去Papua New Guinea，帮助当地人改进农业技术。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Junca, which literally means “the herbal plant fr grwing edible mushrms”, has wrked miracles fr Chinese scientists wh are cultivating it as a substrate (培养基) fr grwing edible and medicinal mushrms r as fd fr livestck, as well as using it as green barrier t stp sand hills frm advancing.(菌草，字面意思是“种植食用菌的草本植物”，为中国科学家创造了奇迹，他们将其作为种植食用菌和药用蘑菇的基质或牲畜的食物，并将其用作阻止沙丘前进的绿色屏障)”可知，第二段主要讲述了菌草的用途。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“We hpe we will help duble the agricultural prductin capacity and farmers’ incmes in Papua New Guinea.(我们希望我们能帮助巴布亚新几内亚将农业生产能力和农民收入提高一倍)”可知，引进菌草主要目的是缓解农民的贫困。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It’s been 35 years since Lin selected the grass species t replace wd as a substrate fr grwing mushrms in East China’s Fujian Prvince, and this has saved a vast cverage f natural frest there.(35年前，林在中国东部的福建省选择了草种来代替木材作为种植蘑菇的基质，这挽救了那里大片的天然林)”可知，在福建，曾经的农民是用木材作为种植蘑菇的基材的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段““We hpe we will help duble the agricultural prductin capacity and farmers’ incmes in Papua New Guinea. We ffer training at hme and abrad, send ur experts t teach lcal farmers, and we d serve them heart and sul as ur brthers,” said Lin Zhanxi, a 79-year-ld prfessr in Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University and the chief scientist fr grass develpment.(“我们希望我们将帮助巴布亚新几内亚的农业生产能力和农民收入翻一番。我们在国内和国外提供培训，派我们的专家去教当地农民，我们全心全意地为他们服务，就像我们的兄弟一样，”福建农林大学79岁的教授、草业发展首席科学家林占熺说)”以及最后一段“Despite his age, Lin has ften traveled afar t help peple in develping cuntries learn abut the benefits f this agricultural technlgy.(尽管年事已高，林还是经常远道而来，帮助发展中国家的人们了解这种农业技术的好处)”可知，林占熺有奉献精神且乐于助人。故选D。
Passage 05
（2024-2025·四川绵阳·高二上期末）Wake up early enugh and, depending n where yu live, yu’ll likely hear a flck f birds singing. It is a natural behavir, but why?
Accrding t the Wdland Trust, this early singing is knwn as the dawn chrus, and it can start as early as 4 a. m. and last fr several hurs. Birds d it t attract mates and warn ther birds t avid their turf (地盘). One thery as t why they chse the early hurs t transmit these imprtant messages is that the lw visibility makes it hard t d ther bird activities, like seeking fd. Keeping their activity level lw, they chse t sing instead.
Anther thery argues that birds use the mrning vcals t prject an image f strength. By singing with passin, they’re letting ther birds knw they survived the night - n guarantee in nature - and wuld make fr an excellent mate.
Like a gd recrding studi, the early mrning hurs als allw birds t deliver a clear tune thanks t the cler, drier air. Because birds have distinctive sunds, it helps them be mre easily identified by birds within listening distance.
There used t be a widespread thery that birds sang s much in the mrnings because the sunds culd travel greater distances due t stable air current, but it was disprved in a study by researchers at the University f Western Ontari in 2003. They played recrdings f sparrws at dawn and midday. Then they fund the sngs didn’t travel farther, but they were mre cnsistent.
Because birds nly have s much energy t belt ne ut, singing when they stand the best chance f being heard makes sense. Fr a bird, an early mrning sessin is like having the perfect envirnment fr their perfrmance.
12．What des the underlined wrd “transmit” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Cmmunicate.B．Change.C．Repeat.D．Illustrate.
13．Why d birds sing early in the mrning?
A．T seek fd.B．T enjy the cl air.
C．T avid predatrs.D．T signal their survival.
14．What did the 2003 study prve?
A．Midday sngs attract mre mates.B．Mrning sngs are mre cnsistent.
C．Birds sing mre clearly in cler air.D．Air currents help sngs travel farther.
15．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Why birds sing at dawn.B．When birds begin t sing.
C．Hw birds attract their mates.D．What birds cnvey in singing.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鸟类在早上鸣唱的原因以及有关的研究发现。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“these imprtant messages is that the lw visibility makes it hard t d ther bird activities, like seeking fd (这些重要的信息，是因为低能见度使得鸟类很难进行其他活动，比如寻找食物)”可知，鸟类在早上鸣叫是为了交流重要信息，是因为低能见度使得鸟类很难进行其他活动，比如寻找食。故划线词意思是“交流”，故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“By singing with passin, they’re letting ther birds knw they survived the night — n guarantee in nature — and wuld make fr an excellent mate. (通过充满激情的歌唱，它们让其他鸟类知道它们熬过了一夜——这在自然界是没有保证的——它们会成为一个很好的伴侣。)”可知，鸟儿在清晨歌唱是为了表示他们还活着。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There used t be a widespread thery that birds sang s much in the mrnings because the sunds culd travel greater distances due t stable air current, but it was disprved in a study by researchers at the University f Western Ontari in 2003. They played recrdings f sparrws at dawn and midday. Then they fund the sngs didn’t travel farther, but they were mre cnsistent. (曾经有一种广为流传的理论认为，鸟儿在早晨歌唱得如此之多，是因为稳定的气流使声音可以传播得更远，但2003年西安大略大学的研究人员的一项研究推翻了这一理论。他们在黎明和中午播放麻雀的录音。然后，他们发现这些歌曲并没有传播得更远，而是更加连贯。)”可知，2003年的研究证明晨歌更有连贯性。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wake up early enugh and, depending n where yu live, yu’ll likely hear a flck f birds singing. It is a natural behavir, but why? (早起，根据你住的地方，你可能会听到一群鸟在唱歌。这是一种自然行为，但为什么呢？)”结合文章主要说明了鸟类在早上鸣唱的原因以及有关的研究发现。可知，这篇文章的主旨是为什么鸟儿在黎明歌唱。故选A。
Passage 06
（2024-2025·重庆巴蜀中学校教育集团·高一上期末）The term spnge (海绵) city might bring t mind a creative image f a city made f spnges, but actual definitin f spnge cities isn’t as literal as it seems.
Spnge city is a term that riginated in China t describe urban spaces that are re-designed with areas fr greenery. They absrb strm-water the way a spnge takes up excess water! These areas deals wit flding naturally by replacing impermeable rads with permeable (透水的) green spaces. These “spnges” cl cities, cleanse air pllutin and remve dirt frm strm-water befre they enter ur drinking water surces. Several tls and technlgies can be adpted in a spnge city. Emplying sustainable methds like cvering walls and rfs with plants is ne methd. Anther technique uses layers f permeable sil cvered by greenery that traps rainwater and run-ff.
These and ther cncepts are used thrughut the wrld under different names like green infrastructure (基建), lw-impact develpment, and sensitive urban design. The apprach, regardless f the name, fcuses n cntrlling flding and water pllutin. Many cities arund the wrld are suffering frm fld events. In recent years, 60% f China’s large-sized cities have flded—killing hundreds and displacing mre than a millin peple.
Flding has increased because f the veruse f cncrete surfaces, called “gray infrastructure”. Landscape architects realized the need t make cities mre “spngy” by wrking with their lcal climate and natural features t design apprpriate slutins.
In Philadelphia, a prject called “Green City, Clean Waters” was develped after the EPA (Envirnmental Prtectin Agency) enfrced the federal Clean Water Act there in 2011. T date, the city has “greened” at least 2,200 acres f land and used a mix f slutins like rain gardens, restring wetlands, and green infrastructure in their plan.
Hwever, implementing spnge plans is ften difficult because plicymakers ften need t be cnvinced t enact them. Despite this, cities arund the wrld are thriving after the use f the Spnge City apprach.
8．What is the primary gal f the spnge city design?
A．T preserve bidiversity.B．T fight against flding.
C．T gather mre rainwater.D．T imprve living standard.
9．What can be learned abut a spnge city?
A．It is made f ec-friendly spnge materials.
B．It is a new kind f city nly existing in China.
C．It manages rainwater by increasing permeable spaces.
D．It requires the cmplete remval f traditinal buildings.
10．Why des the authr mentin Philadelphia?
A．T intrduce the rigin f the spnge city cncept.
B．T emphasize the imprtance f the Clean Water Act.
C．T give an example f an effective spnge city prject.
D．T explain the difficulties in carrying ut spnge plans.
11．Which might be the best title fr the text?
A．Develpment f the Term “Spnge City”.B．Sustainable Urban Planning Strategies.
C．Shrtcmings f Gray Urban Infrastructure.D．Benefit and Success f Spnge City Plans.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“海绵城市”的概念、作用、在世界各地的应用情况以及实施海绵城市计划所面临的挑战，旨在向读者解释海绵城市的重要性和实际应用。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Spnge city is a term that riginated in China t describe urban spaces that are re-designed with areas fr greenery. They absrb strm-water the way a spnge takes up excess water! These areas deals wit flding naturally by replacing impermeable rads with permeable (透水的) green spaces. These “spnges” cl cities, cleanse air pllutin and remve dirt frm strm-water befre they enter ur drinking water surces.(海绵城市是一个起源于中国的术语，用来描述城市空间被重新设计成绿色区域。它们吸收雨水的方式就像海绵吸收多余的水一样！这些地区通过用可渗透的绿地取代不透水的道路，自然地应对洪水。这些“海绵”给城市降温，净化空气污染，在雨水进入我们的饮用水源之前清除它们)”以及第三段“These and ther cncepts are used thrughut the wrld under different names like green infrastructure (基建), lw-impact develpment, and sensitive urban design. The apprach, regardless f the name, fcuses n cntrlling flding and water pllutin.(这些概念和其他概念在世界各地以不同的名称使用，如绿色基础设施、低影响发展和敏感的城市设计。不管名字是什么，这种方法的重点是控制洪水和水污染)”可知，海绵城市设计的首要目标是对抗洪水。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Spnge city is a term that riginated in China t describe urban spaces that are re-designed with areas fr greenery. They absrb strm-water the way a spnge takes up excess water! These areas deals wit flding naturally by replacing impermeable rads with permeable (透水的) green spaces.(海绵城市是一个起源于中国的术语，用来描述城市空间被重新设计成绿色区域。它们吸收雨水的方式就像海绵吸收多余的水一样！这些地区通过用可渗透的绿地取代不透水的道路，自然地应对洪水)”可知，海绵城市通过增加透水空间来管理雨水。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In Philadelphia, a prject called “Green City, Clean Waters” was develped after the EPA (Envirnmental Prtectin Agency) enfrced the federal Clean Water Act there in 2011. T date, the city has “greened” at least 2,200 acres f land and used a mix f slutins like rain gardens, restring wetlands, and green infrastructure in their plan.(2011年，美国环保署（EPA）在费城实施联邦《清洁水法》后，一个名为“绿色城市，清洁水域”的项目应运而生。到目前为止，该市已经“绿化”了至少2200英亩的土地，并在他们的计划中使用了雨水花园、恢复湿地和绿色基础设施等多种解决方案)”可知，提到费城是为了举例说明一个有效的海绵城市项目。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Hwever, implementing spnge plans is ften difficult because plicymakers ften need t be cnvinced t enact them. Despite this, cities arund the wrld are thriving after the use f the Spnge City apprach.(然而，实施海绵计划往往很困难，因为决策者往往需要被说服才能实施这些计划。尽管如此，世界各地的城市都在使用海绵城市的方法后蓬勃发展)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了“海绵城市”的概念、作用、在世界各地的应用情况，所以D项“海绵城市规划的效益与成功”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
思路点拨：细节理解题与长难句
1.1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sure, yur dg lves yu, but that’s nt why he’s licking yur face. A little dg learns t lick his mther’s muth t btain a little fd, s Spt isn’t kissing yu in ur sense f the wrd; he just wants a snack.(当然，你的狗爱你，但它舔你的脸并不是这个原因。小狗通过舔母亲的嘴来获得一点食物，所以Spt(狗名)并不是在按照我们的定义亲吻你；它只是想要零食)”可知，如果狗想吃东西，它会用柔软的舌头舔主人的脸。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Cat wners als misinterpret their pets’ kisses. While a cat might lick yu t shw lve, smetimes she’ll d it t cmfrt herself. One way t tell if her licking is stress-related is whether it ges n fr a lng perid f time.(猫主人也误解了他们宠物的亲吻。虽然猫可能会舔你来表达爱意，但有时候它这样做是为了让自己平静下来。一个判断她的舔舐是否与压力有关的方法是看这种行为是否会持续很长时间)”可知，如果猫长时间地舔自己，可能是因为它感到压力。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But the reality is that he’s mst likely just sitting in ne spt fr hurs, waiting fr yu t return with anxiety.(但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你回来)”可知，当狗长时间坐着不动时，它实际上是在急切地等待你回来。故选A。。
答案1.C 2. B 3.A
【长难句分析】But the reality is that he’s mst likely just sitting in ne spt fr hurs, waiting fr yu t return with anxiety.
句子分析：主干结构：But the reality is that...（但现实是……）
1. 主语
the reality（“现实”，名词短语）
2. 谓语
is（系动词，连接主语和表语）
3. 表语（从句）
引导词：that（无实义）
从句核心：he’s sitting（“他正坐着”，现在进行时）
修饰词：
mst likely（副词，“很可能”）
just（副词，“只是”）
in ne spt（地点状语，“在一个地方”）
fr hurs（时间状语，“数小时”）
伴随动作：waiting fr yu t return with anxiety（“焦虑地等你回来”，现在分词短语，说明坐着时的状态）
翻译：但现实是，它很可能只是在一个地方坐上几个小时，焦虑地等待你回来。
思路点拨：例题主要考查推理判断题与观点态度
1.推理判断题。第一段提到近年来，旅游界出现了一种新的趋势，叫做背包乞讨。由此可推知，作者在第一段打算引入一个新现象进行讨论。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““If yu cannt affrd t travel, dn’t d it, let alne ask lcals t pay fr it,” Rbert Rashid wrte in a Medium article. (“如果你负担不起旅行费用，那就不要去，更不用说让当地人付钱了，”罗伯特·拉希德在Medium网站的一篇文章中写道。)”可推知，罗伯特·拉希德对背包行乞的态度是不赞成的。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He tld CNN he desn’t supprt begging, but he believes peple wh play music r sell items t fund their travels are being brave and explring alternative lifestyles. (他告诉CNN，他不支持乞讨，但他相信那些通过播放音乐或出售物品来为旅行筹集资金的人是勇敢的，他们在探索另一种生活方式。)”可知，我们可以了解到使用适当的方式来筹集资金是一个合理的选择。故选D项。
答案1.D 2. B 3.D
【长难句分析】He tld CNN he desn’t supprt begging, but he believes peple wh play music r sell items t fund their travels are being brave and explring alternative lifestyles.
一、整体结构
句子类型：并列复合句（由 but 连接两个分句）
核心框架：分句 1 + but + 分句 2
二、分句 1：He tld CNN he desn’t supprt begging
主语：He（代词，“他”）
谓语：tld（及物动词，“告诉”）
间接宾语：CNN（机构名称，“美国有线电视新闻网”）
直接宾语（从句）：he desn’t supprt begging
引导词：that（省略，口语中常见）
从句主语：he
从句谓语：desn’t supprt（否定式，“不支持”）
从句宾语：begging（动名词，“乞讨”）
三、分句 2：but he believes being brave...
转折连词：but（连接两个分句，表转折）
主语：he（代词，与前句主语一致）
谓语：believes（及物动词，“认为”）
宾语（从句）：peple being brave and explring...
引导词：that（省略）
从句主语：peple
定语从句（修饰 peple）：wh play music r sell items t fund their travels
引导词：wh（指代 peple，作主语）
并列谓语：play music /sell items
目的状语：t fund their travels（不定式，“为旅行筹资”）
从句谓语（主从句）：are being brave and explring alternative lifestyles
并列结构：
are being brave（现在进行时表状态，“表现得勇敢”）
and explring alternative lifestyles（与前项并列，“探索另类生活方式”）
翻译：他告诉CNN，他不支持乞讨，但他相信那些通过播放音乐或出售物品来为旅行筹集资金的人是勇敢的，他们在探索另一种生活方式。
思路点拨：例题主要考查词义猜测题。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“I sld ne f my cars and switched t an e-bike ne year ag. I knew that I was ding smething gd fr the planet. But I still viewed giving up my car as smething reserved fr the deeply cmmitted and adventurus, smething that Greenpeace vlunteers did t make the wrld better. Hwever, I live in Clrad; e-bike wuld mean freezing in the winter and sweating in the summer. It was the right thing t d, I thught, but it was nt ging t be fun. (一年前，我卖掉了一辆汽车，换上了一辆电动自行车。我知道我在为地球做些好事。但我仍然认为，放弃我的汽车是那些献身精神和冒险精神的人的事情，是绿色和平组织的志愿者为了让世界变得更美好而做的事情。然而，我住在科罗拉多州；骑电动自行车意味着冬天挨冻，夏天大汗淋漓。我想，这样做是对的，但这不会很有趣)”可知，科罗拉多州的气候不适合骑电动自行车，会让人受累。由此可知，作者原本认为放弃他的汽车是一个艰难的选择。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“I wear glves, warm scks and a ski jacket when I ride, and I am almst never t cld. (我骑车时戴手套，穿暖和的袜子和滑雪服，所以我几乎从不觉得太冷)”、第三段中“Thugh I, like many wuld-be cyclists, was wrried abut arriving at the ffice sweaty in htter mnths, the e-bike slved my prblem. (虽然我和许多想骑自行车的人一样，担心在炎热的月份上班时汗流浃背，但电动自行车解决了我的问题)”和第四段中“But biking t wrk wasn’t just nt unpleasant — it was entirely enjyable. (但是骑自行车上班不仅没有不愉快，而且完全是一种享受)”可知，作者原本担心的受冻、流汗的问题几乎不存在，相反，骑自行车还带来了享受。由此可知，作者对骑车上班的实际经历感到惊叹。故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“I felt mre cnnected t the physical envirnment arund me than I had when I’d traveled the same rute surrunded by metal and glass. (我感觉自己与周围的自然环境更紧密地联系在一起，而不是走在被金属和玻璃包围的同一条路线上)”可推知，“这种感觉”指的是前面描述的对接触自然的喜爱。故选D项。
答案 4．B 5．D 6．D
思路点拨：例题主要考查主旨大意题
1．主旨大意题。通读全文，重点结合文章第三段“Physitherapist Betsan Crkhill and ccupatinal therapist Jill Riley were part f a team frm Cardiff University that, ten years ag, surveyed mre than 3,500 knitters and fund that the mre frequently peple knitted, the calmer and happier they felt.(物理治疗师贝特森·科克希尔和职业治疗师吉尔·莱利是卡迪夫大学一个团队的成员。十年前，该团队对 3500 多名编织者进行了调查，发现人们编织的频率越高，感觉就越平静和快乐。)”可知，文章主要介绍了编织活动对人们心理健康的积极影响，包括让人心情平静、进入“心流”状态。故A选项“Active Hands, Calm Minds(灵巧的双手，平静的心灵)”准确概括了文章主旨，是最佳标题。故选A项。。
答案 1．A