第19讲 阅读理解之议论文导学案（学生版）-新高二英语暑假衔接（人教版）

这是一份第19讲 阅读理解之议论文导学案（学生版）-新高二英语暑假衔接（人教版），共16页。学案主要包含了考情分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1．了解议论文的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行议论文真题训练。
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在阅读理解中占有一定的比例。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
【考情分析】
议论文涉及的论题具有生活化的特征，与社会生活密切相关。从命题上看，议论文阅读理解以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，但不排除对观点态度的考查。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
一、文体特点与阅读策略
1. 语言与结构特点
议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。议论文通常采用三段论式的结构，即“提出问题（引论）—分析问题（本论）—解决问题（结论）”。由此可见，要理解议论文有两个关键点，一是要弄清文章的论点是什么、采用了哪些论据、如何论证；二是要理清其基本结构——三段论式结构。
2. 答题误区
议论文阅读理解题易错点往往在于事实与观点的区分以及观点本身。解题时，一要弄清哪些是所引述的事实，哪些是作者的观点以及引述中不同人物的观点；二要弄清作者真正的观点是什么，既要考虑全文，又要重视结论部分，谨防将文章中引述的某人的观点和作者的观点混为一谈。
解题技巧
1. 主旨大意型
干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。
干扰项 可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
干扰项 可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。
正确答案 根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有：
1. What is the main / general idea f this text?
2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?
3. What is the text mainly abut?
4. This text mainly tells us _________.
标题选择题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：
1. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
2. Which f the fllwing is the best / mst suitable title fr this text?
3. The best / mst suitable title fr this text wuld be __________.
2. 事实细节型
(1)解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, wh, which, where, hw, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：
①Which f the fllwing statements is true?
②Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text?
③The authr (r the passage) states that __________.
④Accrding t the passage, when (where, why, hw, wh, what, which, etc.) __________?
(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：prbably, pssibly, may, usually, might, mst f, mre r less, relatively, be likely t, nt necessary, althugh, yet, in additin, tend t等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, nly, cmpletely, nne, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
⑤常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。
解题方法：原文定位法。
查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与wh, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。
(2)细心!
3. 词义猜测型
(1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。
(2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。
(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。
(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，hwever，therwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
(5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
(6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。
(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。
常见的问题形式有：
(1)The wrd ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by …
(2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests…
(3)Frm the passage, we can infer that the wrd/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers t /means…
常用应对方法：
同义法：常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测词义。
反义法：如ht and cld, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，互为反义的词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法：对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语，甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
此外，还有情景推断法、代词替代法等。
做题要领
(1)从文中找线索或信息词；
(2)根据熟悉的词及词义判断新词的意思；
(3)根据上下文判断新词在特定句中的确切意思。
(4)要特别注意熟词新意！
4. 推理判断型
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：
(1)The passage implies (暗示) that _________.
(2)We can cnclude (得出结论) frm the passage that _________.
(3)Which f the fllwing can be inferred (推论)?
(4)What is the tne (语气) f the authr?
(5)What is the purpse (目的) f this passage?
(6)The passage is intended t _________.
（2023春·河南信阳·高二统考期中）ChatGPT is a new AI system that sunds s human in cnversatins that it culd hst its wn radi prgrams. Reading between its instantly generated, perfectly grammatical lines, peple see different visins f the future. Withut dubt, ChatGPT is impressive.
Sme cmpare the emergence f ChatGPT t the impact f the iPhne, but that desn’t d it justice. ChatGPT, as well as the generative AI that will fllw and utsmart it, is disruptive. And yet, that desn’t necessarily mean the end f the wrld is upn us. On the cntrary, ChatGPT, I wuld argue, might serve t make us mre aware f ur irreplaceable human qualities.
Take the creative act, writing in particular, as an example. If yu want it t, the AI-pwered chatbt (聊天机器人) always prduces smething because it has the whle wrld f nline data t draw frm. But unlike us, it lacks the cnsciusness. Thinking is hard, critical thinking even harder, and ChatGPT isn’t gd at either. It just restates what has already been said; it is ne big recycling machine.
There is anther bvius limitatin f ChatGPT. Philspher Harry Frankfurt nce claimed: the difference between a bullshitter (胡说八道的人) and a liar is that the liar knws what the truth is but decides t take the ppsite directin; a bullshitter, hwever, has n regard fr the truth at all. The AI schlar Gary Marus applies this distinctin t ChatGPT. He believes that we have reached a critical pint where “the price f bullshit reaches zer and peple wh want t spread misinfrmatin, either plitically r just t make a prfit, start ding that plentifully”. Unfrtunately, ChatGPT will reprduce misinfrmatin frm any f its input surces — it is nt an intelligent system that tries t balance r weigh different perspectives. In this sense, everything that ChatGPT writes is bullshit.
This is why the s-called AIQ is critical. It is actually an extensin and a measurement f ur human IQ: ur verall knwledge f AI tls, ur mastery f clues, and ur ethical awareness. ChatGPT is ging t change everything — and nthing. Creativity, imaginatin and ethics — these will all remain unique human range. It is the AI’s very limitatins that will make us appreciate ur wn.
1．What can we learn abut ChatGPT frm the passage?
A．It generates immediate language respnses.
B．It prvides instructins n writing skills.
C．It helps generate an artificial vice.
D．It ffers a service fr language learning.
2．What des the underlined wrd “disruptive” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Evil.B．Revlutinary.C．Prfitable.D．Reliable.
3．Why des the authr cnsider ChatGPT as a bullshit generatr?
A．It makes up lies cnstantly.
B．It always takes a neutral standpint.
C．It ften makes unfair judgement.
D．It can’t tell right frm wrng.
4．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．ChatGPT shuld be treated like a ty, nt a tl.
B．ChatGPT is causing panic nw.
C．ChatGPT makes us realize the unique human features.
D．ChatGPT is bund t generate bullshit.
（2023秋·广东揭阳·高二统考期末）What des music mean t yu? D yu use it t help relieve stress, anxiety and fall asleep t? Fr many, the value f music is endless, and scientists and Nbel winners are n exceptin. Frm seeing prblems in a new way t develping discipline (自律), expressing creativity t wrking as a team, music has helped many winners in bth wrk and life.
Music has ften helped Nbel winners think and prcess scientific infrmatin in a new way. Albert Einstein was influenced by his mther wh taught him t play the vilin at a very early age. He was especially fnd f Mzart, Bach and Schubert. Fr Einstein, music wrked as a brainstrming technique t help him reflect n his theries and slve difficulties he met with. Einstein’s scientific ideas were ften firstly created in the shape f images and intuitin (直觉), which music later helped t turn int mathematics, lgic (逻辑) and wrds.
Besides helping them reflect n scientifically cmplex prblems, music has helped Nbel winners learn discipline and the imprtance f a creative mind. Fr Thmas Südhf’s awarded the 2013 Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine, music gave him imprtant inputs and ideas. Südhf mstly enjys classical music by masters like Mzart, which requires a creative mind as well as great discipline. It is said that these tw factrs shaped Südhf’s develpment as a scientist.
Furthermre, the cperatin between the members f a music band can be cmpared with the team effrt fund within a research grup. Accrding t Medicine winner James Allisn, it is necessary in bth fields t build a team where each individual makes their wn cntributin t the verall wrk. Hwever, it is imprtant that the cmmunicatin between the members wrk s smthly that each individual als knws what needs t be dne t achieve breakthrughs. As James Allisn states, “Every nw and then my lab has been as well tuned—it feels like a really gd band”—the cncept f great team wrk leading t great success can be applied t bth science and music.
5．What des the passage mainly tell us?
A．Music inspires a team t wrk tgether.
B．Music helps t relieve stress and anxiety.
C．Scientists wrked tgether with the help f music.
D．Music helps scientists t achieve scientific success.
6．What did Einstein and Südhf have in cmmn?
A．They bth valued discipline.
B．They bth liked classical music.
C．They studied the same area f science.
D．Intuitin ften came first t their mind.
7．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．The lab members enjy music.
B．The lab has made breakthrughs.
C．The lab wrks thrugh great teamwrk.
D．The lab members understand each ther.
8．Hw did the authr prve his r her pinin?
A．By cmparing different ideas.B．By giving supprting examples.
C．By ding musical experiments.D．By referring t famus sayings.
（2023春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考阶段练习）Cntrary t “ppular pinin”, the scientific pursuit fr knwledge is nt a predictable prcess. T make new discveries, researchers need the freedm t be creative, fail, and learn by chance. This aspect is similar t art. This is why Wageningen scientists lk t artists fr inspiratin and exchange ideas abut hw t increase creative freedm.
“Science and art are tw different ways t make smething understandable. They bth prvide a perspective n reality,” says Bichemistry Prfessr Dlf Weijers. “Frm the utside, the research prcess lks very frmal and the artistic prcess lks smewhat messy. But the scientific prcess can als unfld in an unpredictable way.”
“Scientists can learn a lt frm artists,” says Weijers. “Assciatin and creativity are central t art. Thse aspects require mre attentin in science as the creative prcess is the key f science.”
“As a scientist, yu use different methds, but it is equally abut hw yu visualize yur understandings f reality and the cnnectins between them. This is smetimes just as visual as art,” says Weijers. One example is a recent special prject in which Weijers and his clleague Jris Sprakel, prfessr f Physical Chemistry and Sft Matter, measured the frces that act n plant cells. A mlecular (分子的) sensr was used t visualize the different frces. They shwed the results in clrful images, each representing a different frce.
What science and art als have in cmmn is that they are tpics f discussin in sciety. There are peple wh say that they d nt value art and peple wh mistrust science. Weijers says, “It ften creates the wrng impressin because nly the results f scientific studies are presented, and peple d nt have any insight int the prcess leading t discvery. As a scientist, yu are dubted if yu say smething that is different a few years later. Then yu are viewed as unreliable. But what is ften prly understd is that there are n final results in science. What we scientists can achieve in the cming perid is t prvide mre chances fr peple t fcus n the prcess. Persnally, I think that the cnnectin with art can help t lead the fcus n the prcess than the result.”
9．What des Dlf Weijers think f science prcess?
A．It is always serius.B．It can’t be accidental.
C．It desn’t allw failures.D．It can be unexpected.
10．What des the underlined sentence “This is smetimes just as visual as art” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Visualizing is a must fr science.
B．Science can be visualized like art.
C．Science shuld be understd by visualizing.
D．Visualizing is as easy in science as in art.
11．Why d cmmn peple mistrust science in Dlf Weijers’ pinin?
A．Scientists usually draw unreliable cnclusins.
B．Scientists dn’t use visualizing t shw the results.
C．The scientific prcess is unknwn t them.
D．The scientific results are cmplex fr the public.
12．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Differences Between Science and Art
B．Similarities Between Science and Art
C．Scientists and Artists Cntribute t the Wrld
D．Science and Art Are Tls t Understand the Wrld
（2023春·黑龙江哈尔滨·高二哈九中校考阶段练习）In mdern sciety there is a great deal f argument abut cmpetitin. Sme value it highly, believing that it is respnsible fr scial prgress and prsperity. Others say that cmpetitin is bad; that it sets ne persn against anther; that it leads t unfriendly relatinship between peple.
I have taught many children wh held the belief that their self-wrth relied n hw well they perfrmed at tennis and ther skills. Fr them, playing well and winning are ften life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit f success, the develpment f many ther human qualities is sadly frgtten.
Hwever, while sme seem t be lst in the desire t succeed, thers take an ppsite attitude. In a culture which values nly the winner and pays n attentin t the rdinary players, they strngly blame cmpetitin. Amng the mst vcal are yungsters wh have suffered under cmpetitive pressure frm their parents r sciety. Teaching these yung peple, I ften bserve in them a desire t fail. They seem t seek failure by nt trying t win r achieve success. By nt trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lst, but it desn’t matter, because I didn’t try.” What is nt usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lst, that wuld mean a lt. Such a lss wuld be a measure f their wrth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that f the true cmpetitrs wh try t prve themselves. Bth are based n the mistaken belief that ne’s self-respect relies n hw well ne perfrms in cmparisn with thers. Bth are afraid f nt being valued. Only as this basic and ften trublesme fear begins t disslve can we discver a new meaning in cmpetitin.
13．What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A．Cmpetitin helps t set up self-respect.
B．Cmpetitin is harmful t persnal quality develpment.
C．Failures are necessary experiences in cmpetitin.
D．Opinins abut cmpetitin are different amng peple.
14．What des the underlined phrase “the mst vcal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Thse wh are against cmpetitin mst strngly.
B．Thse wh try their best t win.
C．Thse wh value cmpetitin mst highly.
D．Thse wh rely n thers mst fr success.
15．What is the similar belief f the true cmpetitrs and thse with a “desire t fail”?
A．One’s success in cmpetitin needs great effrts.
B．One’s wrth lies in his perfrmance cmpared with thers’.
C．One’s success is based n hw hard he has tried.
D．One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
16．Which pint f view may the authr agree t?
A．Every effrt shuld be paid back.
B．Winning shuld be a life-and-death matter.
C．Fear f failure shuld be remved in cmpetitin.
D．Cmpetitin shuld be encuraged.
（2023秋·山东青岛·高二青岛二中校考期末）N business wuld welcme being cmpared t gambling (赌博)Yet that is what is happening t makers f vide games. Fr years parents have cmplained that their children are “addicted” t their vide games and smartphnes. Tday, hwever, even mre dctrs are using the term. On January I this year, “gaming disrder”—in which games are played uncntrllably, despite causing harm—gained recgnitin frm the Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO).
Are games really addictive? Psychlgists have different pinins. Thse wh dn’t think s say that this is just anther mral panic. Similar warnings have been given abut televisin, rck’n’rll, jazz, cmic bks, nvels and even crsswrd puzzles, but it turns ut that they are nt as harmful as expected.
Hwever, supprters argue that game develpers have the mtivatin and the means t design their prducts t make them extremely attractive. Fr ne thing. the business-mdel has changed. In the ld days, games were bught nce and fr all. But these days, games are free and mney is earned frm purchases f in-game gds, which ties playtime directly t revenue (收益). Fr anther, game-makers cmbine psychlgical thery and data, which helps them maximize the playtime. Smartphnes and mdern vide game machines use their permanent Internet cnnectins t send gameplay data back t develpers. In this way prducts are cnstantly adjusted t encurage players’ spending. The biggest spenders are knwn as “whales”, a term that riginated in casins(赌场).
The gaming industry shuld realize that, in the real wrld, it has a prblem, and that prblem is grwing Nw that gaming addictin cmes with an fficial WHO recgnitin, diagnses will becme mre cmmn. Anyway, being put tgether with gambling in the public mind, fairly r nt, will nt d the industry any gd.
17．What d we knw frm Paragraph 1?
A．It is nt suitable t cmpare vide games t gambling
B．Parents cmplain abut their children’s addictin t gambling
C．Mre dctrs are against the use f the term “addicted”.
D．Gaming addictin was fficially recgnized as a disease.
18．What des the underlined wrds “mral panic” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Wrng judgment n hw harmful smething is.
B．Truble caused by smene’s immral behavir.
C．Unexpected scial prgress caused by science and technlgy.
D．Panic due t the gap between the ld and the yung
19．What d games develpers d t make games attractive?
A．They dn’t charge players fr in-game gds.
B．They adjust prducts based n received data.
C．They keep players’ vide game machines updated.
D．They reward big spenders with a unique title.
20．In the last paragraph, the authr aims t _________.
A．ffer a suggestinB．make a predictin
C．give a warningD．put frward a slutin
（2023春·江苏南通·高二海安高级中学校考期中）At its annual general assembly in Vienna last mnth, the Eurpean Gesciences Unin (EGU) did smething unusual. The chair f its awards cmmittee, Thmas Blunier, presented a breakdwn, by gender, f prize nminees (被提名者) and nminatrs (提名者) since 2014. The data were revealing. Althugh wmen make up 37% f the sciety’s members, they made just 20% f nminatins suggesting that wmen are less likely t nminate than men. The data als shwed that peple tend t favur their wn gender when making nminatins-with men mst likely t nminate ther men.
This is clearly a prblem, but awareness f the situatin pens the dr t fixing it. Althugh wmen are still under-represented in EGU nminatins, their share f awards is nw appraching their representatin amng EGU members, thanks t crrective measures taken by the rganizatin? s awards cmmittee. The EGU is distinct frm mst ther scientific scieties that d nt make nminatin data public, thugh it is necessary fr the fairness amng prizewinners.
Sme ther effrts are under way t make prizes fairer. In mathematics, fr example, the Internatinal Mathematical Unin has intrduced guidelines t make nminatrs and award-cmmittee members aware f uncnscius bias. Many prize nminatin frms nw include statements encuraging nminatrs t cnsider diversity. The cmmittees that award Nbel prizes have tld Nature that they are attempting t increase diversity in nminees and that the prprtin f wmen nminated is rising.
Prize-givers need t widen their nminatin pls. In 2019, Nature suggested that award rganizers might cast their nets wider when seeking nminatins by appraching netwrks that include academies f science in lw and middle-incme cuntries. This is still nt happening n the scale that it needs t.
Sadly, these measures will nt make science prizes match glbal diversity, at least nt straight away. Many prizes are based n wrk carried ut decades ag, when the barriers t entering science were even higher than they are tday fr peple frm under-represented grups and cuntries. At the very least, prfessinal scieties must ensure that their nminatin pls are representatives f their cmmunities. Greater transparency and a wider, mre diverse pl f nminees increase the chance f awards rewarding excellence, rather than enlarging existing netwrks f fame.
21．What is the purpse f shwing the data frm the EGU?
A．T shw the gender balance amng its members.
B．T encurage females t nminate ther females.
C．T reflect that wmen have been ignred in awards.
D．T reveal the significant impact frm gender awareness.
22．What effrts have been made t prmte the fairness amng the prizewinners?
A．Publicizing the nminatin data.
B．Widening the applicatin pls by nminees.
C．Intrducing guidelines n increasing diversity.
D．Casting the nets wider when seeking nminatins.
23．What des the authr hld in the last paragraph?
A．Existing nminatin pls are nt transparent.
B．Prfessinal scieties must make a difference.
C．The barriers t entering science will nt be higher.
D．Science has kept up with the glbal trend f diversity.
24．Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr this text?
A．Eurpean Gesciences Unin: An Nntraditinal Mdel
B．Diversity in Science Prizes: Why is Prgress S Slw?
C．Prgress in Science: Nminatin Shws Justice fr All
D．The Way t Gender Diversity: Difficult, Delicate but Destined
（2022春·重庆荣昌·高二重庆市荣昌永荣中学校校考期末）It is a cmmn questin t ask yurself: What d yu want t be when yu grw up?
In the past it has generally been accepted that a persn will fllw ne career path, but an emerging grup f peple have changed this idea. By pursuing jbs acrss several walks, this grup has cme t be knwn as “slashers (斜杠青年)”.
There are many reasns why this has becme ppular, particularly amng thse under the age f 30. In mdern cmpetitive sciety, having multiple incme streams (多种收入来源) is ne f the best ways t create financial security.
Zha Sichen is ne fllwer f the slasher mvement. The 34-year-ld is an English teacher at Tsinghua University High Schl. Outside the classrm, Zha als wrks as prject manager in charge f educatin prgrams at the Internet tech cmpany NetEase.
In additin t prviding a sense f jb security, becming a slasher reduces bredm and prevents becming burned ut n (不再热衷) fcusing n a single path.
Accrding t the Guardian, “Entrepreneurs (创业者) are a typical example f a grup that expects t spread their careers acrss multiple areas.” Erin Albert is a typical slasher in the UK. Apart frm having written bks, Albert is an assistant prfessr, an entrepreneur and a law student. Albert ften asks his students t think abut, “why they can’t bth take an immediate jb ffer they are nt sure abut as well as wrk tward their ‘dream’ jb”.
Technlgy has als prmted this chice. Online tls and platfrms have allwed peple t pursue different interests and career paths as they have prmted the ability t wrk remtely. Never has it been easier fr thse wh have interests in a variety f careers t pursue them at the same time. It seems that right nw the sky is the limit fr thse wh are cnsidering what they want t d in the future.
25．What d we knw abut slashers?
A．They are mstly 30 years ld.B．They fllw ne career path.
C．They change jbs frequently.D．They tend t wrk several jbs.
26．Which f the fllwing is NOT the reasn fr the ppularity f slasher mvement?
A．It gives peple mre free time t relax.
B．It helps peple gain financial security.
C．It gets peple t pursue their dream.
D．It makes peple feel less bred in a single jb.
27．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Technlgy allws peple t wrk remtely.
B．Ding mre than ne jb might be encuraged.
C．Mst peple will wrk several jbs at the same time.
D．It has becme mre cmmn fr peple t pursue multiple jbs.
28．What’s the best title f this passage?
A．Pursuing Yur Dreams.B．Slashers in China.
C．Slashing thrugh Jbs.D．Chsing Multiple Jbs.
（2023秋·江苏连云港·高二统考期末）I am an Africa wildlife filmmaker. But wildlife filmmakers frm Africa are rarer than muntain grillas(大猩猩). T understand why there are s few, we need t remember ur recent histry.
When the clnialists(殖民者) ruled Africa, they seized cntrl f the cntinent’s wildlife and ther natural resurces. They saw African wildlife as “big game” and the cntinent’s first prtected natural areas were game reserves created by driving away lcals fr the benefit f white hunters. Later, game reserves were renamed natinal parks and big game hunting gave way t wildlife turism. But African wildlife was still there fr White peple’s enjyment and benefits.
That lcals culd have an interest in preserving wildlife fr its wn sake was rarely cnsidered. Africans -like me wh tried t get invlved in wildlife cnservatin were made t feel ut f place. When I was first interviewed by a British film crew, my interview was cut at the editing stage and replaced by a white man, just because I was an African.
Africa was the setting fr sme f the mst ppular films abut wildlife, but these films were made by western-wned prductin cmpanies fr Western audiences, and mst Africans never even gt t see them. What Africa needed was t see themselves and their view pints in the films. We urgently needed wildlife films made by Africans, abut Africans and fr Africans. As prducer f the dcumentary TV series “Wildlife Warrirs”, I set ut t find African cnservatin heres wh culd play a rle in the dcumentary. I sn discvered that we had sme talented African filmmakers acrss the cntinent.
Tday things are changing fast. Cmpanies like Natinal Gegraphic and the BBC are leading the way with new appraches t glbal strytelling that deliver diversity and equality. Our African wildlife filmmakers’ missin is t draw n the pwer f lcal strytelling t inspire ur peple t save ur cntinent’s rich wildlife.
29．Why are African wildlife filmmakers rare?
A．They lack the talent in making films.B．They live in the shadw f westerners.
C．They are still clnized by the westerns.D．They aren’t interested in filming wildlife.
30．What message des the cut f my interview cnvey?
A．The strictness f the crew.B．The preference fr the British.
C．The prejudice against Africans.D．The benefits f lcal cmmunities.
31．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．The lcals enjy wildlife films set in Africa.
B．Africans play a leading rle in wildlife film-making.
C．Films made by westerners are the mst ppular nes.
D．Africans lng fr having a say in wildlife film-making.
32．What is the purpse f the authr writing the text?
A．T intrduce hw African wildlife are prtected.
B．T urge peple t better preserve African wildlife.
C．T shw that the authr was ignred by westerners.
D．T explain why mre African filmmakers are needed.
（2022秋·河北沧州·高二任丘市第一中学校考期中）Faster, cheaper, better--technlgy is ne field many peple rely n t expect a brighter future. But as the 2020s dawn, ptimism is in shrt supply. The new technlgies seem t be making things wrse. Scial media were suppsed t bring peple tgether, but they are better knwn fr leaking privacy. E-cmmerce, ride-hailing (网约车) and the gig ecnmy (零工经济) may be cnvenient, but they are blamed fr underpaying wrkers, wrsening inequality and blcking the streets with vehicles.
Tday’s pessimistic(悲观的) md is centered n smart phnes and scial media, which tk ff( 兴起) a decade ag. Yet cncerns that particular technlgies might be ding mre harm than gd have happened befre. The 1920s saw a criticism( 批判) against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer t the prblems caused by hrse-drawn vehicles. And industrializatin was criticized in the 19th century by Rmantics wh wrried abut the replacement f skilled wrkers, the rbbing f the cuntryside and the suffering f factry hands.
Hwever, that pessimism(悲观) can be verdne(过头). T ften, peple fcus n the disadvantages f a new technlgy. A further danger: Luddites (反对技术进步者) try t avid the shrt-term csts f a new technlgy, and thus give up its lng-term benefits--smething that Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxfrd prfessr, calls a “technlgy trap”, which will lead t the slwdwn r even stp f the develpment f a new technlgy. Fr example, fears that rbts will steal peple’s jbs may discurage their use. Yet in the lng term, nearly all cuntries will need mre rbts, nt fewer.
Any pwerful technlgy can be used fr gd r ill. It is peple’s chices abut it that shape the wrld. Perhaps the real surce f anxiety is nt technlgy itself, but grwing dubts abut the ability f scieties t hld this debate, and cme up with gd answers. S as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism fr a mment. T be alive in the tech-bsessed 2020s is t be amng the luckiest peple wh have ever lived.
33．What phenmenn is described in Paragraph 1?
A．The seriusness f scial inequality.
B．The rapid develpment f technlgy.
C．Prblems brught by persnal privacy leaks.
D．Wrries abut the influence f new technlgies.
34．Which wrd can best describe Rmantics’ cncern ver industrializatin?
A．Negative.B．Uncertain.C．indifferent.D．ptimistic.
35．What might be a result f a “technlgy trap”?
A．A lack f gd jbs in the jb market.
B．An increase in the number f Luddites.
C．A decrease in the number f skilled wrkers.
D．An interruptin t the advancement f a new technlgy.
36．What is the best title fr the text?
A．2020s: The Age f TechnlgyB．Technlgy vs Civilizatin
C．Pessimism vs PrgressD．Rbts: Our Future Caretakers
（2022秋·山东淄博·高二山东省淄博实验中学校联考期中）In the rainfrest,thusands f species sing and call, frming sund layers s rich that the human mind can be verwhelmed.Drp a hydrphne(水听器)int an cean and yu will hear similar richness, but it is freign t ur air-adapted ears. Hundreds f thusands f ther vcal(发声的)wnders ring ut acrss the wrld. Every vcal species has a distinctive sund and every place n the glbe has a vcal character.We live in a wrld f vcal wnder,yet this richness is being damaged wrldwide.
In sme places, vcal lss is caused by the destructin f habitats,frm destryed frests t verfished ceans. Hwever, in habitats such as thick rainfrests r ceans, sund is the nly way fr mst animals t cmmunicate even ver shrt distances. This cmmunicatin mating sngs, cperative signals abut fd, cries that indicate scial, status and alarm calls allw cmplex animal life t bm. Elsewhere, nise is als the prblem. Machines pump s much sund int water and air that ther species can’t hear ne anther. The prblem f nise is mst serius in the ceans, where earthquake explratin, shipping and snar(声呐)create a deafening sund that is uninhabitable, r nearly s, fr many species.
Mankind is als affected by envirnmental nise, with cmplaints abut nise pllutin dating t the very first cities, recrded n clay walls frm Babylnia. This nise is n mere incnvenience: It may cause diseases r deaths. The Eurpean Envirnment Agency estimates that envirnmental nise in Eurpe causes 12,000 untimely deaths and 48,000 new cases f heart disease per year.
What can be dne t address these prblems? Perhaps amng the scientific studies f trends in vcal lss, activism t advcate (提倡) fr justice and plicy-making t reduce nise pllutin and habitat destructin, we’d better als find space t listen. Just as we g ut with friends t hear a cncert, might we d the same fr the birds in a city park? In this simple act, we might find inspiratin and a direct cnnectin t ur mre than-human neighbrs.
37．What’s the main idea f paragraph 2?
A．Reasns cntributing t nise.
B．Necessity f prtecting nature.
C．Factrs leading t vcal lss.
D．Significance f sund diversity.
38．Why des the authr list the figures in paragraph 3?
A．T stress the threat f nise.
B．T advcate remving nise.
C．T aruse peple’s health awareness.
D．T criticize the develpment f cities.
39．What des the authr imply in the last paragraph?
A．Make practical plicies.
B．Cnduct mre scientific study.
C．Seek inspiratin frm a cncert.
D．Build bnds with ther creatures.
40．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Can Yu Hear What I Hear?
B．Where Is the Sund Taking Us?
C．Can Yu Smell Smething in Nature?
D．Hw Can We Prtect the Envirnment?