第14讲 语法填空导学案（学生版）-新高二英语暑假衔接（人教版）

这是一份第14讲 语法填空导学案（学生版）-新高二英语暑假衔接（人教版），共10页。
1．了解语法填空的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行语法填空真题训练。
语法填空题的测试重点在于考查同学们能否将中学阶段所学的语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去。语法填空试题基本上涉及了中学阶段所学的各类语法项目，而且考点分布比较均衡。从设题方式来看，分为给出提示词和不给出提示词两类。
已给单词提示题型的技巧
这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式。同样，我们先判断设空处在句中的功能，再确定该用什么形式。
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：There are many students living at schl，the (child) huses are all far frm sch1．
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为huses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例：A talk (give) tmrrw is written by Prfessr Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tmrrw可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——t be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如n ne／nne、ther／anther等。
例：The king decided t see the painter by (he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。
例：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及ne／tw的特殊变化形式 nce／twice
例：T my three sns I leave my seventeen hrses．My eldest sn shall take a half，my secnd sn shall take a (three).
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六：词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：Lius lst his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
未给单词提示题型的技巧
这种形式主要考查同学们对语篇的理解、对逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。考查的内容主要是冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词、连接代/副词、关系词和句式。因为没有提示词，所以同学们需要根据短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系和对一些长难句的结构分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，从而界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容。
技巧七：固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例1：The children were playing n the grund，enjying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y neself短语，故其答案为themselves。
技巧八：短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：The us cnsists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由组成”，所以答案是f。
技巧九：短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except fr，due t等。
例1：Mr Smith tk a plane t Lndn____f taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead f。
技巧十：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，r，but，s，fr，while等，常用的关联短语有bth…and...，either…r...，neither…nr...，nt nly…but als...等。
例1：____Marrie and Jannie like ging t the theatre．
横线处的词与后面可以构成bth?and，故答案为Bth。
技巧十一：冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，n，befre，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：hwever，never，yet，much等。
例1：Jackie likes t drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
（2022秋·四川眉山·高二仁寿一中校考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Lngping, a Chinese plant scientist ___1___ is knwn as the father f hybrid rice, passed away ___2___ May 22, 2021. Yuan was the first persn ____3____(cme) up with the idea f hybridizing rice. He was ___4___ (determine) t study rice just t make mre peple have enugh t eat, s his interests were ___5___(extreme) fcused n rice. He and his team made tw majr discveries in hybrid rice cultivatin in ___6___1970s. He helped China wrk a great wnder, ___7___(feed) nearly ne fifth f the wrld’s ppulatin with less than 9 percent f the wrld’ ttal lands. They make a great ___8___ (cntribute) t Chinese agriculture. In 2019, Yuan ___9___(award) the Medal f the Republic, the cuntry’s highest hnr. Yuan is ne f the representatives that have devted their lives t _____10_____(imprve) peple’s livelihd.
（2022秋·湖北十堰·高二校联考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese female scientist TU Yuyu, ___11___ (award) the Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine n Oct 6 when she was 85 years ld, was ___12___ first Chinese citizen t win a Nbel Prize in science. Tu ___13___ (share) the prize with the Irish-brn William Campbell and Satshi mura f Japan .
Tu Yuyu is a cmmitted and patient researcher at the China Academy f Traditinal Chinese Medicine. She was awarded ___14___ develping artemisinin, “a new drug therapy against malaria” ___15___ has saved millins f lives wrldwide, ___16___ (especial) in develping cuntries, the Nbel Assembly said n its website.
Tu and her clleagues jined a gvernment prject ___17___ (find) a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They examined ver 2,000 recipes frm traditinal Chinese ___18___ (medicine) bks. In 1971, after mre than 190 ___19___ (fail), Tu’s team finally fund an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria.
“The discvery f artemisinin is a gift t mankind frm traditinal Chinese medicine. It’s the cllective achievement f the research team. ___20___ (win) the prize is an hnr fr China’s science and traditinal Chinese medicine t be spread arund the wrld.” Tu tld Xinhua.
（2022秋·湖北武汉·高二武汉市第一中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The difference between a nvelist and a prfessr is that the frmer _____21_____ (mst) uses his extrardinary creative genius t inspire peple’s passin by writing nvels，while the latter _____22_____ (pay) mre attentin t academic research. A plitician wants ____23____ (fund) his wn theries and tries t cme t pwer. A scientist hpes t make remarkable achievements and have mre inventins and patents. Take Albert Einstein fr example. He made numerus ____24____ (cntribute) t the wrld，the mst well-knwn 60. ____25____ (be) the general thery f relativity and the famus frmula E=mc2. He earned a dctrate in physics in 1905 and gradually became famus as the new Isaac Newtn. Circumstances changed in 1933， ____26____ Hitler came t pwer in Germany. Einstein，wh was Jewish，fund the drs f academic institutins ____27____ (clse) t him. As ___28___ cnsequence，he had t flee Germany. He finally tk up a psitin as a researcher at the Institute fr Advanced Study in Princetn，USA．Einstein was nt nly a genius，but als a very gentle man. He had a thick mustache and lng white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he _____29_____ (admire) by his friends and neighburs whm he encuntered. It was n 18 April 1955 ____30____ Einstein passed away, and the whle wrld murned the great lss f a brilliant scientist.
（2022秋·湖北荆州·高二石首市第一中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps the match between a man and a rbt Alpha G was very impressive. In fact the game f ____31____is called weiqi can date back t 4000 years ag. There are mentins f a similar game called yi ____32____(make) by Cnfucius and Mencius ____33____it is nt certain that it is the same game.
The name “G” cmes frm its name in Japan. Like many Japanese traditins it ____34____(adpt) frm China during the Tang dynasty when China was ____35____(influence) and reached it peak. As it made its way t the west via Japan, it is the Japanese frm f the game ____36____is mst widely played nw. The game, which can be actually translated as “encirclement game”, was lng cnsidered t be an apprpriate study fr schlars as it taught peple varieties f strategies.
____37____(rule) f weiqi are extrardinarily simple. There are 180 identical white pieces and 181 identical black pieces ____38____ (fight) against each ther n abard 19×19 lines. Black starts first and then the players take it in turn t place ne piece int ____39____unccupied place n the bard until all the pieces have been played. There is nthing special abut a 19×19 bard, and _____40_____(small) sizes are used by beginners.
（2023春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
What culd the schl f 2050 lk like? Undubtedly, the biggest develpment we ____41____ (see) in recent years is the advancement f technlgy. On entering the classrm, bilgical recgnitin scanning will allw students t check in, ____42____ (simplify) the busy registratin prcess. Teachers will be able t autmatically srt ut the attendance data, fill in perfect recrd, and manage ____43____ (track) the patterns fr being late.
Fr the schl f the future, there will be n need t wrestle with heavy ____44____ (curtain)r dust- cvered blinds; we’ ll have smart glass. Windws can autmatically adjust ____45____ (them) clr t make up fr external brightness, prtecting bth ur eyes and screens.
As summer temperatures cntinue t rise, the general trend fr 2050 is warmer, drier summers as well as warmer, wetter winters and air-cnditined classrms,____46____ will be-cme the nrm(常态). But they will be____47____ (clean), mre flexibly and sustainable(可持续的), with built-in air purifiers t remve txins and dust frm the air.
____48____ 2050,3D printers will have becme a standard appliance, bth in the hme and at schl. As____49____ learning aid, they will have becme essential, allwing teachers mre flexi-bly t explain difficult cncepts.
Students will be able t ____50____ (physical) perate bjects fr better infrmatin prcess-ing, visual perceptin, and cgnitive(认知的) learning.
（2023春·河北张家口·高二张北县第一中学校联考期中）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Paper-making is ne f the mst significant ___51___ (invent) in human histry, and it was first develped in ancient China ver 2,000 years ag. This remarkable achievement transfrmed the way peple cmmunicated and recrded infrmatin, ___52___ (pave) the way fr the birth f mdern civilizatin.
In the early days f paper-making, varius materials ___53___ (use) t create paper, including tree bark, hemp, and silk. Hwever, by the 2nd century BC, a mre efficient methd had been develped using mulberry bark (桑树皮) and ther plant fibers.
As wrd f paper-making spread acrss China, it quickly became an essential part f everyday life. Peple used paper fr everything ___54___ writing letters and keeping recrds t creating artwrk and printing bks. By the 7th century AD, the Chinese had even invented the wrld’s first mvable type printing press, ___55___ enabled them t prduce bks and ther printed materials n a massive scale.
Thanks t paper-making, knwledge and ideas culd be shared and preserved like never befre. This helped t spur advances in science, medicine, art, and literature, and laid the fundatin fr many f the cultural and ___56___ (technlgy) achievements that we take fr granted tday.
Despite ___57___ (it) imprtance, paper-making is ften verlked in discussins f China’s cultural heritage. Hwever, effrts are being made ___58___ (preserve) this ancient craft, and there ___59___ (be) a renewed interest in traditinal Chinese paper-making techniques in recent years.
Tday, visitrs t China can see paper-makers at wrk in small wrkshps and factries thrughut the cuntry. They can als visit museums and histrical sites that shwcase ____60____ creativity f China’s ancient paper-makers.
（2023·高二江苏期中）语法填空。
In Nrthwest China’s Gansu Prvince ____61____ (lie) Zhangye Natinal Gepark, which is blessed with a splendid Danxia landfrm area ____62____ (cver) abut 1,289 square kilmeters. The Danxia landfrms are ____63____ masterpiece f nature. The clrful muntain ridges are just like an verturned palette frm heaven. Bands f fiery red, creamy range, rich green and bright yellw streak acrss the muntain, frming ____64____ is knwn as the mst beautiful rainbw muntain.
The incredible landscapes ____65____ (create) by sandstne and minerals piling n tp f ne anther ver the years due t tectnic plate mvements. Wind, rain, and time then carved the rck frmatins and rlling hills int ____66____ (vary) extrardinary shapes, including twers, pillars and valleys.
____67____ (declare) a UNESCO Wrld Heritage site in 2010 and a natinal gepark in 2011, the landfrm has becme a tp turist ____68____ (attract). The park features a series f bardwalks that allw visitrs t walk arund the clrful sandstne landscapes. There are viewing platfrms ____69____ (special) designed, enabling turists t get clse t the hills and feast their eyes n the magnificent sights withut damaging the fragile ecsystem. Shuttle bus service is available, making _____70_____ easy fr turists t get arund the park.
（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾县第一中学校考阶段练习）Shanghai Disneyland, Beijing’s Universal theme park, Zhejiang’s Hell Kitty theme park, Dalian Discveryland Theme Park — the list grws ____71____(quick). Theme parks are becming big business in China. China Wanda Grup has built ____72____ (it) 11th “Cultural Turism City” in Guilin, Guangxi. Carnival Grup is planning ____73____ (build) ten mre theme parks in China by 2020. And Dalian Haichang Grup als wants t pen fur theme parks in the ____74____ (fllw) five years.
China nw has 300 theme parks r s natinwide. Hwever, mdem entertainment ____75____ (center) fr family visits are still in shrt supply in many cities, s ____76____ number f large theme parks in China will still be ____77____ the increase. US-based cmpany AECOM believes China will replace America t becme the largest theme park market by 2020, having 221 millin visits every year, ____78____ (tw) as many as thse in 2015.
But the industry is nt universally gd. 70 percent f theme parks in China ____79____ (suffer) ecnmic lsses at the mment and 20 percent have nearly gne brke, accrding t a survey _____80_____ (make) by Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.
（2023春·湖北十堰·高二房县第一中学校联考阶段练习）In Sarek Natinal Park, I wke up t the sund f the wind ____81____ (buffet)the clth f my tent. Standing n the edge f the muntain, I fund a few ____82____ (branch) f the Rapa River flwing thrugh the valley belw. Sarek’s muntains used ____83____ (cver) by vast sheets f ice. Arund 9, 000 years ag, this ice ____84____ (melt), with abut 100 glaciers ____85____ (leave) behind. Sn after, reindeer began t arrive. Fllwing the reindeer ____86____ (be) the Sami peple, wh made this territry their hme. In 1909, the gvernment made Sarek a natinal park t keep the land in its natural state.
Fr hundreds f years, lking after reindeer was a way f life fr the Sami. With reindeer ____87____ the mve, the Sami wuld pick up their tents and accmpany them. Tday, mst Sami have huses in villages near Sarek and live ____88____ mdern life. But every spring, sme Sami still fllw their reindeer int the valleys f Sarek, ____89____ they live in tents and enjy their traditins. I am nt a Sami, but in Sarek I’ve adpted sme f their habits. Fr example, this mrning my breakfast is flat bread warmed ver a fire and sme _____90_____ (extreme) delicius berries that I fund grwing near my tent.
（2022秋·广西桂林·高二校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yu prbably have ever been warned against using certain hand gestures when____91____(travel) abrad. The meanings f hand gestures differ s____92____(great) in different cuntries. But d yu knw the relatinship between bdy language____93____grups?
Mark Mffett, authr f The Human Suarm, describes ur need t belng t a certain grup. We are____94____(safe) in a grup than in ne persn. We trust them, they prtect us, and they share____95____same values and beliefs as us. We will even g t war t fight fr ur grup. Humans attract thse peple____96____are members f their wn grup. This is because we like t be able t predict the ____97____(actin) f thers and belnging t a grup enables this.
Outsiders t ur grup____98____(be) freign and unknwn. Therefre, they may be____99____(danger), unpredictable r threatening. S it is imprtant t recgnize these utsiders t ur grup.
There are many things helping us identify these strangers r utsiders — the clthes they wear and the way they speak. Nw, experts knw that their bdy language is als an indicatr. In ur ancestrs’ times, knwing_____100_____smene is a friend r fe (对手) culd mean the difference between ttal annihilatin (灭绝) f their family r the survival f their genes.
（2023春·新疆阿克苏·高二校联考阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In daily life, bdy language plays an imprtant part in ____101____ (cmmunicate). By watching bdy language, we can learn a lt abut ____102____ peple are thinking. Just like the wrds we use, bdy language als varies frm culture t culture. The crucial thing is that bdy language shuld be ____103____ (apprpriate) used. Fr example, making eye cntact in sme cuntries is a way ____104____ (display) interest. In ther cuntries, by cntrast, nt all eye cntact ____105____ (apprve) f.
There are als sme ____106____ (different) in hw we tuch smene we are talking t. In cuntries like France and Russia, peple may kiss their friends n ____107____ cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, peple favur shaking hands, bwing frm the waist, r ndding the head when they meet smene else.
Sme bdy language ____108____ (have) many different uses. Perhaps the cmmn example is smiling. A smile can help us get thrugh difficult situatins. A smile can break dwn barriers. We can use a smile t aplgize, t greet smene, r t ask fr help. Experts suggest ____109____ (smile) at yurself in the mirrr t make yurself feel happier. And if we are feeling dwn r lnely, there is nthing better _____110_____ seeing the smiling face f a gd friend.
（2022秋·广东揭阳·高二惠来县第一中学校考期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
While ____111____(travel) in Sweden, I came acrss an incident, which made me ____112____(embarrass).
One day, I was walking in the street when I saw an adrable baby wh was smiling at me, s I talked t the mther and kissed the baby n the cheek. T my surprise, the mther stared at me fr a while and then left ____113____(angry). When I returned t the htel, I set ut ____114____(learn) smething abut bdy language. Much evidence reveals that if yu knw little abut bdy language, yu are unlikely t enjy the ____115____(interact) with peple frm anther cuntry. ____116____ we all knw, bdy language ____117____(vary) frm culture t culture. Yu must be well aware f whether ____118____ is apprpriate fr yu t d smething n sme ____119____(ccasin). In additin, yu’d better pay attentin t hw anther persn reacts t yur wrds r bdy language, s that yu can adjust yurself _____120_____ the culture there.
（2023春·福建三明·高二统考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Zhen chu, an 86-year-ld man in 2022, wh g this driver’s license in abut a year, has surprised and inspired netizens in China nt nly because f his age.
The mtivatin behind Sun Zhen chu’s____121____(take) the driving tests is t care fr his wife. Sun’s wife didn’t g ut much after____122____peratin. After the plicy that peple ver 70 can apply ____123____a driver’s license was issued, Sun ____124____(immediate) became an elderly trainee at a lcal driver training schl in Zhejiang Prvince and managed ____125____(pass) the fur exams, receiving perfect scres n tw f them. After getting his license in March, Sun bught an electric vehicle t take his wife shpping fr grceries, t the hspital r sightseeing alng the Qian tang River.
____126____astnished peple mst was Sun’s career—he was a specialist in nuclear weapns and made great____127____(cntribute) t the natin. After graduatin in 1964, Sun____128____(select) as ne f the researchers t participate in China’s first atmic bmb test. After the successful test, he went t Beijing,____129____he cntinued t cnduct research and testing fr nuclear weapns fr 32 years. He retired in 1995, but he did nt stp learning new things.
In a speech he delivered at Zhejiang Gngs hang University in late June, he encuraged graduates t keep learning t standut in a _____130_____(cmpete) and challenging sciety.
（2023秋·云南玉溪·高二统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Lngping, knwn as “the father f hybrid rice”, is ne f China’s mst famus scientists. Yet, he cnsidered himself a farmer because he ____131____(cntinual) wrked the land in his research. After ____132____(graduate) frm Suthwest Agricultural Cllege in Chngqing in 1953, he wrked ____133____ a researcher. Yuan met a challenging questin that farmers needed t bst yields in the fields they had, but he was cnvinced that the answer culd be fund in the ____134____ (create) f hybrid rice. Thrugh intense effrt, Yuan vercame many technical ____135____ (difficult) t develp the first hybrid rice that culd be used fr farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers t expand their utput greatly.
Tday, it ____136____ (estimate) that abut 60 percent f dmestic rice cnsumptin in China is cmprised f crps generated frm Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allwed China’s farmers ____137____ (prduce) arund 200 millin tns f rice per year.
____138____ impresses peple mst abut Yuan Lngping is his nging ability t fulfil his dreams. He ____139____ (succeed) in prducing a kind f rice that culd feed mre peple at hme and abrad. He has nt nly cntributed t slving the fd f the Chinese peple and ensuring natinal fd security, but als set _____140_____ mnument t wrld peace and scial prgress.
（2023春·河南郑州·高二校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In April, the planting seasn ____141____(start) n an eclgical(生态) farm in a nrtheastern village f Beijing.
Being eclgical, the farm desn’t use chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, reducing pllutin and carbn emissins as much ____142____ pssible during prductin.
The ____143____(farm) wner Shi Yan, 41, has been prmting eclgical farming in China fr ver a decade. She has just finished the 44th training prgram fr “new farmers” ____144____ want t run eclgical farms like Shi.
“In the past century, sme agricultural prductin methds ____145____(have) a negative impact n the envirnment and peple’s health,” she said, adding that it is why s many peple are interested in eclgical agriculture ____146____ present, which culd make sme psitive changes.
____147____ (advance) green develpment in the agricultural area, China aims t build 1,000 natinal eclgical farms and 10,000 at the lcal level acrss the natin by 2025, accrding t the Ministry f Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Last year, Shi’s farm has been 8recgnized as ne f the natinal-level farms.
Shi has been heavily reprted during the past decade fr____148____(be) a “farmer” wh hlds a dctral degree in agriculture. Her passin fr eclgical farming was kindle back in 2008, ____149____ she first experienced cmmunity-supprted agriculture (CSA) in the United States.
With CSA, farmers and a cmmunity f individuals prvide mutual supprt and share the risks and_____150_____(benefit) f a farm’s peratin. Farmers prmise t prduce agricultural prducts withut using chemicals, and cmmunity members enjy the supply f fresh, safe fd frm the farm.