湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷.zip

这是一份湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷.zip，文件包含精品解析湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷原卷版docx、精品解析湖南省长沙市长郡中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Mther and sn. B. Teacher and student. C. Classmates.
2. What will the man d this afternn?
A. D sme running. B. G swimming.. C. Play basketball.
3. What is Michelle trying t d?
A. Express her thanks.
B. Give sme advice.
C. Invite Henry t dinner.
4. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. A jke. B. A muse. C. A friend.
5. Why des Linda refuse t g t the cncert?
A. She isn’t interested in it.
B. She wants t rest at hme.
C. She hasn’t finished her hmewrk.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man ging t d?
A. D an experiment. B. Have a class. C. Play sprts.
7. Wh will recrd the time?
A. Galile. B. Lenard. C. Alessandr.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is Frank usually respnsible fr at hme?
A. Ding the washing. B. Cleaning the huse. C. Preparing the fd.
9. What des Frank think Karen shuld d?
A. Relax mre. B. Study harder. C. D sme husewrk.
听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。
10. Why des the wman grw her wn garden?
A. T kill time.
B. T develp a new hbby.
C. T eat healthy fd.
11. What is the wman mainly grwing in her garden?
A Fruits. B. Vegetables. C. Grains.
12. What’s the wman ding?
A. Picking strawberries.
B. Watering plants.
C. Eating vegetables.
听第9段材料，回答第13至 16题。
13. Where did Jacb get the infrmatin abut the flat?
A. Frm the Internet. B. Frm his friend. C. Frm the newspaper.
14. Which aspect f the flat appeals t Jacb?
A. The cnvenient lcatin.
B. The reasnable rent.
C. The pet plicy.
15. What des the wman d?
A. A huse agent. B. A vice artist. C. A screen actress.
16. What des the wman suggest Jacb d?
A. Bring his wn furniture.
B. Give her an early reply.
C. Talk with his parents.
听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。
17. Where did the speaker watch the mvie?
A. At her wn hme. B. In a friend’s bedrm. C. At the cinema.
18. Where is the mvie set?
A. In an inland city. B. In a beautiful village. C. In a seaside twn.
19. What des Luka like ding?
A. Hearing thers’ stries.
B. Taking adventure utdrs.
C. Spending time with his families.
20. Why is the friendship threatened?
A. Luka has a terrible secret.
B. Luka’s new friend isn’t a real by.
C. Luka’s family has t mve.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15 小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
King’s Cllege Lndn Vlunteering is seeking fr paid members t sit n the Student Advisry Bard fr Vlunteering. The Bard plays a significant rle in influencing the develpment and delivery f the vlunteering service. Its aim is t discver vlunteering pprtunities fr students, teachers and ther staff at schl.
Vlunteering, which has the ptential t create psitive scial impact, is a key pririty fr King’s. The Bard will ensure that students’ needs are at the cre f the service s that all King’s students can make a difference.
This year, the Student Advisry Bard fr Vlunteering will c-create the agenda, and ptential issues include:
·Vlunteering pprtunities fr the disabled.
·Prmtin f the Bard’s service.
·Hw t recgnize and reward vlunteers.
·Evaluatin (评估) f the Bard’s wrk.
This is a unique and exciting pprtunity accessible t all studying at King’s, regardless f the vlunteer experiences. The Bard will be run bth nline and in-persn, and the Bard’s members will be paid the Lndn Living Wage (£11.95 per hur) via King’s Talent Bank.
The applicatin deadline is 23:59 n Saturday, 31st August 2024.
Apply via the frm belw, using yur King’s email address.
1. What des the Bard aim t d fr thse at King’s?
A. Perfrm vluntary wrk.
B. Meet their academic needs.
C. Prvide learning pprtunities.
D. Discver vlunteering chances.
2. Which f the fllwing is a pssible tpic fr this year’s agenda?
A. Running the Bard nline.
B. Training vluntary wrkers.
C. Evaluating the Bard’s perfrmance.
D. Taking care f peple with disabilities.
3. Wh can apply t be a member f the Bard at King’s?
A. The students.B. The teachers.
C. The graduates.D. The wrking staff.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦国王学院志愿服务正在招募有偿成员成为其学生顾问委员会成员。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中““Its aim is t discver vlunteering pprtunities fr students, teachers and ther staff at schl. (它的目的是为学校的学生、教师和其他工作人员发现志愿服务的机会)”可知，委员会的目标是发现志愿服务的机会。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“This year, the Student Advisry Bard fr Vlunteering will c-create the agenda, and ptential issues include (今年，学生志愿服务顾问委员会将共同制定议程，潜在的议题包括)”和其下的第四点“Evaluatin (评估) f the Bard’s wrk. (评价委员会的工作)”可知，评估委员会的工作是今年的议程主题之一。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“This is a unique and exciting pprtunity accessible t all studying at King’s, regardless f the vlunteer experiences. (这是一个独特而令人兴奋的机会，所有在国王学院学习的人都可以获得，无论志愿者经历如何)”可知，学生可以申请成为委员会的一员。故选A项。
B
Gutiérrez’s life wuld never be the same again after finding a cpy f Anna Karenina by Le Tlsty in the garbage 20 years ag. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighburhds at night and seeing abandned bks. It arused his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He used t take hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library fr children frm lw-incme families.
Clmbia’s capital city f Bgta has 19 public libraries. Hwever, these libraries tend t be far away frm where rural and prer cmmunities live. The ptin f buying new bks is nn-existent fr families struggling t make ends meet. Gutiérrez’s cmmunity library is a true representatin f hw ne man’s garbage can be anther’s treasure.
Gutiérrez grew up pr, and his family culd nt affrd t educate him beynd primary schl. Nevertheless, his mther was a passinate reader and read stries t him every night. Her lve fr bks left a deep impressin n Gutiérrez.
Tday, his makeshift cmmunity library, called “The Strength f Wrds”, ccupies mst f his hme in suthern Bgta, and is piled frm flr t ceiling with fictin and nn-fictin titles. Everything frm schl textbks t strybks can be fund in his cllectin f mre than 20,000 bks! As the wrd began t spread abut his amazing prject, peple began sending him many mre bks t grw his library.
Despite having dne s much fr his cmmunity, Gutiérrez is nt yet cntent t call it a day. He cntinues t search thrugh garbage cans fr reading materials. Tday, the Gutiérrez family des nt merely want t start libraries in neighburhds. They want t create spaces fr schl children t spend their time reading.
Gutiérrez’s jurney t give back t his lcal cmmunity is an amazing example f hw every ne f us can imprve the lives f thse arund us. Hw might we take a leaf ut f Gutiérrez’s bks and impact the less frtunate arund us?
4. What inspired Gutiérrez t rescue unwanted bks?
A. The abandned Anna Karenina.
B. Le Tlsty’s life.
C. Children’s living cnditins.
D. A cmmunity library.
5. Why did Gutiérrez start “The Strength f Wrds”?
A. T create a harmnius neighbrhd.
B. T give his mther sufficient bks.
C. T prmte children’s reading.
D. T imprve the cmmunity life.
6. What can best describe Gutiérrez?
A. Devted and talented.
B. Intelligent and generus.
C. Passinate and well-educated.
D. Creative and caring.
7. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Desire fr ReadingB. Frm Garbage t Treasure
C. Gutiérrez’s LifeD. An Amazing Mdel f Educatin
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述Gutiérrez通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事，引发了读者关于如何改善身边人的生活的思考。
故选 B。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Gutiérrez life wuld never be the same again after finding a cpy f Anna Karenina by Le Tlsty in the garbage 20 years ag. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighburhds at night and seeing abandned bks. It arused his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage.”可知，Gutiérrez在垃圾堆里发现了被丢弃的《安娜·卡列尼娜》，这使他有了从垃圾堆里捡书的想法。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library fr children frm lw-incme families.(最终，他把自己的藏书变成了一个社区图书馆，供低收入家庭的孩子们使用)”以及第四段中的“Tday，his make shift cmmunity library, called ‘The Strength f Wrds’, ccupies mst f his hme in suthern Bgta , and is piled frm flr t ceiling with fictin and nn-fictin titles. Everything frm schl textbks t strybks can be fund in his cllectin f mre than 20,000 bks!(如今，他的临时社区图书馆’文字的力量’占据了他位于波哥大南部的家的大部分空间，从地板到天花板都堆满了小说和非小说类的书籍。从学校课本到故事书，所有的东西都可以在他收藏的20000多本书中找到!)”可知，Gutiérrez的 The Strength f Wrds旨在促进孩子们阅读。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。文章主要讲述Gutiérrez通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事。再根据文章第一段“Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library fr children frm lw-incme families. (最终，他将自己的藏书变成了一个面向低收入家庭儿童的社区图书馆)”可推知，他既有创意又有爱心。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要讲述Gutiérrez通过从垃圾堆中收集废书的方式为农村和贫困社区的孩子们建立了一个社区图书馆从而帮助他们开始阅读的故事。B项“Frm Garbage t Treasure(变废为宝)”最能概括本文主旨。故选B。
C
I wanted t set myself the writing challenge f citing sme f the many psitive things abut having a baby. It’s addressed t ne persn, but I hpe that thse wh find themselves at a similar crssrads get help frm it.
T my friend A,
All yu ever seem t hear abut parenthd is negative. I d nt feel this. Yu create a new life in that child, and with that baby, yu get a new life, t. When I became a mther, my wn mther’s embrace, and my father’s, nt t mentin my extended family’s, have kept me ging.
We are used t hearing abut hw mtherhd limits yur life, less s abut hw it can expand it. I have always believed that life is fundamentally abut human relatinships, and having a baby has enhanced mine. Becming a mther — and giving birth — has enhanced my feelings f unity with ther wmen. Parenting has als allwed me t experience childhd again. I have always wanted t give smene else a childhd. My wide-eyed little by is at the stage where he is simply in lve with the wrld, and that lve is thrillingly uncnditinal. It is a privilege t witness, and it makes me determined t maintain it fr him as much as I am able t, because his laugh is the best sund that I have ever heard.
A nte abut sleep: yu will be OK — yu’ve had enugh wild nights t knw yu can cpe. And yu can get yur bdy back, whatever that might mean t yu. As fr yur career, it’s nrmal t wrry. I speak nly fr myself when I say that I wish I had spent less time wrrying befrehand abut hw I wuld write. I have far less time, nw, but I’m still writing. Even a paragraph a day adds up t a nvel, eventually. There is s much untapped jy and lve there waiting fr yu, and I hpe I’ve given yu a small glimpse f sme f it t hld n t.
8. Wh might be the intended audience fr this article?
A. Self-centered parents.
B. Thse fearing t have a baby.
C. Brken-hearted friends.
D. Thse aviding marriage.
9. Hw des the authr mainly make her arguments cnvincing?
A. By explaining ideas.
B. By quting sayings.
C. By cmparing facts.
D. By cncluding pinins.
10. Why des the authr give examples f her writing in the last paragraph?
A. T shw hw successful she was as a writer.
B. T nte that where there is a will there is a way.
C. T tell her friend that giving birth is a piece f cake.
D. T persuade her friend nt t wrry abut her career.
11. Which clumn may the article be chsen frm?
A. Opinin.
B. Headline.
C. Health.
D. Culture.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者向朋友阐述拥有孩子带来的积极影响，旨在鼓励处于是否成为父母十字路口的朋友。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“I wanted t set myself the writing challenge f citing sme f the many psitive things abut having a baby. It’s addressed t ne persn, but I hpe that thse wh find themselves at a similar crssrads get help frm it.(我想要给自己设定一个写作挑战，那就是列举出拥有一个宝宝所带来的许多积极方面。这封信虽然是写给一个人的，但我希望那些发现自己处于相似人生十字路口的人们，也能从中得到帮助)”可知，作者想写一些关于生孩子的积极的事情，这篇文章的目标读者是那些对生孩子有恐惧或担忧的人。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容及第三段中“All yu ever seem t hear abut parenthd is negative. I d nt feel this. Yu create a new life in that child, and with that baby, yu get a new life, t. When I became a mther, my wn mther’s embrace, and my father’s, nt t mentin my extended family’s, have kept me ging.(你所听到的关于为人父母的一切似乎都是负面的。我没有这种感觉。你在那个孩子身上创造了新的生活，有了那个孩子，你也获得了新的生活。当我成为一名母亲时，我母亲和父亲的拥抱，更不用说我的大家庭了，让我一直坚持下去)”和第四段“I have always believed that life is fundamentally abut human relatinships, and having a baby has enhanced mine.(我一直相信，生活从根本上讲是关于人际关系的，生孩子增强了我的人际关系)”可知，作者主要通过解释自己对为人父母的看法和积极体验来说服读者，比如提到母子关系、与其他女性的团结感增强、重新体验童年等，都是在阐述观点以使论证具有说服力。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“As fr yur career, it’s nrmal t wrry. I speak nly fr myself when I say that I wish I had spent less time wrrying befrehand abut hw I wuld write. I have far less time, nw, but I’m still writing. Even a paragraph a day adds up t a nvel, eventually. There is s much untapped jy and lve there waiting fr yu, and I hpe I’ve given yu a small glimpse f sme f it t hld n t.(关于你的职业生涯，感到担忧是很正常的。我仅从个人经历出发，希望自己当初没有花那么多时间去提前担心写作的问题。现在我的时间少了很多，但我仍在坚持写作。哪怕每天只写一段，终究也能累积成一部小说。那里有太多尚未被发掘的快乐与爱等着你，我希望我已经让你对此有了些许了解，让你有所期待并紧握不放)”可知，作者在最后一段中举例说明她的写作，是为了说服她的朋友，孩子不会影响她的事业，不必担心。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容及第一段“I wanted t set myself the writing challenge f citing sme f the many psitive things abut having a baby. It’s addressed t ne persn, but I hpe that thse wh find themselves at a similar crssrads get help frm it.(我想要给自己设定一个写作挑战，那就是列举出拥有一个宝宝所带来的许多积极方面。这封信虽然是写给一个人的，但我希望那些发现自己处于相似人生十字路口的人们，也能从中得到帮助)”可知，这篇文章以个人经历和观点为主，旨在分享成为母亲的积极面，鼓励对生育有顾虑的朋友，因此最可能出现在“Opinin(观点)”栏目。故选A。
D
Fr decades, scientists thught f the brain as the mst valuable and cnsequently mst clsely guarded part f the bdy. Lcked safely behind the bld-brain barrier, it was bradly free f the harm f viruses and the battles started by the immune system (免疫系统). Then, abut 20 years ag, sme researchers began t wnder: is the brain really s separated frm the bdy? The answer, accrding t a grwing bdy f evidence, is n.
The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing. Changes in the makeup f the micrrganisms in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn’s disease. There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy culd lead t brain diseases in babies.
The effect is tw-way. There is a lengthening list f symptms nt typically viewed as disrders f the nervus system, but the brain plays a large part in them. Fr example, the develpment f a fever is influenced by a ppulatin f nerve cells that cntrl bdy temperature and appetite. Evidence is munting that cancers use nerves t grw and spread.
The intercnnectin between the brain and bdy has prmising implicatins fr ur ability t bth understand and treat illnesses. If sme brain disrders start utside the brain, then perhaps treatments fr them culd als reach in frm utside. Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system, the heart r ther rgans, wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld-brain barrier.
It als wrks in the ppsite directin. Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin. Activatin f the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it. Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers, enhance respnses t vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, fr centuries, have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven.
12. What d the researchers fcus n abut the brain?
A. Its prtecting system.B. Its expsure t diseases.
C. Its cntrlling functin.D. Its cnnectin t the bdy.
13. Hw des the authr supprt his idea in paragraph 2?
A. By explaining a thery.B. By prviding examples.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By presenting cause and effect.
14. Which best describes treatments that d nt crss the bld-brain barrier?
A Cheaper.B. Mre specific.
C. Safer.D. Mre direct.
15. What des the study suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Brain health depends n immune changes.
B. Brain stimulatin leads t negative emtins.
C. The brain can help enhance psychlgical health.
D. The brain may be key t treating physical diseases.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些研究人员发现大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分，它和身体的其它部分产生的疾病是有联系的。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Then, abut 20 years ag, sme researchers began t wnder: is the brain really s separated frm the bdy? The answer, accrding t a grwing bdy f evidence, is n. (然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑：大脑真的与身体如此分离吗？根据越来越多的证据，答案是否定的。)”可知，研究人员主要研究大脑与身体的联系。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The list f brain cnditins that have been assciated with changes elsewhere in the bdy is lng and grwing. Changes in the makeup f the micrrganisms in the digestive system have been linked t disrders such as Parkinsn’s disease. There is als a thery that infectin during pregnancy culd lead t brain diseases in babies. (与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑状况清单很长，而且还在不断增加。消化系统中微生物组成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能会导致婴儿脑部疾病。)”可知，这一段作者主要通过消化系统和怀孕期间的感染2个例子来论证自己的观点，说明大脑并不是身体中保护最严密的部分。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Treatments that take effect thrugh the digestive system, the heart r ther rgans, wuld be much easier and less risky than thse that must crss the bld-brain barrier. (通过消化系统、心脏或其他器官进行的治疗比必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗更容易，风险更小。)”可知，不通过血脑屏障的治疗风险更小。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Study shws mice have healthier hearts after receiving stimulatin t a brain area invlved in psitive emtin and mtivatin. Activatin f the brain reward centre — called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) — seems t cause immune changes that cntribute t it. Wrking ut hw this happens culd help t destry cancers, enhance respnses t vaccines and even re-evaluate physical diseases that, fr centuries, have nt been cnsidered as being psychlgically driven. (研究表明，在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，小鼠的心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中心——被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这种情况是如何发生的，可以帮助摧毁癌症，增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估几个世纪以来一直不被认为是心理驱动的物理疾病。)”可知，大脑可能是治疗身体疾病的关键。故选D。
第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fr many websites, there is tns f infrmatin that’s inaccurate, r just crazy. ____16____ With that in mind, here are fur ways t find reliable websites.
Lk fr established institutins (确立的机构). ____17____ Hwever, what yu want are sites assciated with trusted institutins that have been arund fr a while and have a prven track recrd f reliability. Such sites may include thse run by gvernment agencies, nnprfit rganizatins r universities.
Cnsult sites with expertise (专门知识). Yu wuldn’t g t the hspital t have yur car repaired. This is an bvius pint. ____18____ Fr example, if yu’re writing a stry n a flu utbreak, check ut medical websites like The Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin.
Avid cmmercial (商业的) sites. Sites run by cmpanies and businesses—their websites usually end with “.cm”—are ften trying t sell yu smething. And if they’re trying t sell yu smething, chances are whatever infrmatin they’re presenting will be tilted (偏向) in favr f their prduct. ____19____ But be cautius (谨慎).
____20____ Respected websites ften link t each ther. Yu can find ut which ther websites link t the site yu’re researching by cnducting a link-specific Ggle search. If lts f sites are linking t yur site, and thse sites seem reliable, that’s a gd sign. Then it seems that yu dn’t need t wrry t much.
A. Check the links.
B. Enter the fllwing text int the search field.
C. Lk fr websites that specialize in what yu’re seeking.
D. If a website seems ld, it’s prbably best t keep distance frm it.
E. The Internet is full f websites that were started five minutes ag.
F. That’s nt t say cmmercial sites shuld be screened (屏蔽) entirely.
G. Fr inexperienced researchers, these sites can cause a wide range f prblems.
【答案】16. G 17. E 18. C 19. F 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到了当前很多网站上都含有不准确甚至使让人抓狂的信息，因此文章介绍了四种可以让新手研究者找到可信赖的网站的方法。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Fr many websites, there is tns f infrmatin that’s inaccurate, r just crazy.(对于许多网站来说，有大量的信息是不准确的，或者只是疯狂的)”可知，文章先提出了当前网站乱象，紧接着讲到了这些乱象会给新手研究者造成很多问题。而根据下文“With that in mind, here are fur ways t find reliable websites.(考虑到这一点，这里有四种方法可以找到可靠的网站)”可知，文章针对上句情况介绍了找到可信赖的网站的四个方法。故G选项“对于没有经验的研究人员来说，这些地点可能会引起广泛的问题”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据该段的主题句“Lk fr established institutins(确立的机构).(寻找确立的机构)”可知，该方法是找那些确立的机构所设的网站。此外根据下文“Hwever, what yu want are site s assciated with trusted institutins that have been arund fr a while and have a prven track recrd f reliability.(然而，您需要的是与可信机构相关的站点，这些机构已经存在了一段时间，并且具有可靠的跟踪记录)”可知，设空处应是与下文相悖的事实。故E选项“互联网上到处都是五分钟前才启动的网站”符合语境，故选E。
【18题详解】
根据主题句“Cnsult sites with expertise(专门知识).(咨询专业网站)”以及下文的例子“Fr example, if yu’re writing a stry n a flu utbreak, check ut medical websites like The Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin.(例如，如果你正在写一篇关于流感爆发的报道，请查看疾病控制和预防中心等医疗网站)”可知，后文的例子表明要针对寻找的内容去寻找网站。故C选项“寻找专门针对你所寻找内容的网站”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据主题句“Avid cmmercial (商业的) sites.(避免商业网站)”可知，本段建议研究者们避开一些商业性的网站。此外根据下文“But be cautius.(但是要谨慎)”可知，设空处应该与该句意思相悖。故F选项“这并不是说商业网站应该被完全屏蔽”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据后文“Respected websites ften link t each ther. Yu can find ut which ther websites link t the site yu’re researching by cnducting a link-specific Ggle search. If lts f sites are linking t yur site, and thse sites seem reliable, that’s a gd sign. Then it seems that yu dn’t need t wrry t much.(受人尊敬的网站经常相互链接。你可以通过进行链接特定的谷歌搜索，找出其他网站链接到你正在研究的网站。如果有很多网站链接到你的网站，而且这些网站看起来很可靠，这是一个好迹象。看来你不用太担心了)”可知，设空处考查主题句。根据全段内容可知，最后一个方法为检查网站的相关链接。如果链接指向的其他网站较多且可信度高，那么该网站很大概率也是可靠的。故A选项“检查链接”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Anna was a 9-year-ld girl frm a small village. She ____21____ primary schl till 4th grade at her village. Fr the 5th grade nwards, she wuld have t get a(n) ____22____ in a schl at a city nearby.
Tday was the first day f her ____23____ schl. Upn seeing her ____24____ clthing and knwing she was frm a small village, ther students started ____25____ her. The teacher sn arrived. She ____26____ Anna t the class and began her class. She tld everyne t write dwn the Seven Wnders f the wrld.
When everyne had ____27____ their answer paper, the teacher started reading them t the whle class. The majrity had answered them ____28____ such as The Great Wall f China, Clsseum, Stnehenge, Great Pyramid f Giza, Leaning Twer f Pisa, Taj Mahal, Hanging Gardens f Babyln. The teacher was ____29____ as students had ____30____ what she had taught them.
At last, the teacher laid her ____31____ n Anna’s answer paper and read alud, “The Seven Wnders are—T be able t See, T be able t Hear, T be able t Feel, T Laugh, T Think, T be Kind, T ____32____!”
The teacher std ____33____ and the whle class was speechless. Tday, a girl frm a small village ____34____ us abut the gifts we have, which are truly ____35____. Hence, use what we have and value what we have.
21. A. delayedB. quittedC. attendedD. defended
22. A. liberatinB. achievementC. admissinD. perfrmance
23. A. ldB. newC. remteD. rare
24. A. simpleB. cleanC. lvelyD. expensive
25. A. making use fB. making fun fC. getting dwn tD. cming dwn t
26. A. pushedB. fllwedC. turnedD. intrduced
27 A. presentedB. receivedC. fundD. handled
28. A. neatlyB. crrectlyC. brieflyD. dramatically
29. A. delightedB. realisticC. distantD. patient
30. A. detectedB. expandedC. adaptedD. remembered
31. A. breathB. emtinsC. eyesD. wish
32. A. CreateB. LearnC. LveD. Bet
33. A. shckedB. disappintedC. satisfiedD. frightened
34. A. cnsultedB. warnedC. encuragedD. reminded
35. A. beliefsB. wndersC. rewardsD. ideals
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Anna在新学校的第一天，用她对“世界七大奇迹”的独特理解提醒了全班同学要珍惜自己所拥有的。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在村里上小学到四年级。A. delayed推迟；B. quitted停止，放弃；C. attended参加，上学；D. defended防御。根据上文“Anna was a 9-year-ld girl frm a small village. ”可知，Anna在村里上小学一直到四年级。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从五年级开始，她必须在附近城市的一所学校获得入学许可。A. liberatin解放；B. achievement成就；C. admissin入学许可；D. perfrmance表现。根据上文“She ____1____ primary schl till4th grade at her village.”可知，Anna在村里上完四年级，从五年级开始，她要去城里上学，因此她需要获得城里学校的入学许可。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天是她新学校的第一天。A. ld旧的；B. new新的；C. remte遥远的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Fr the 5th grade nwards, she wuld have t get a(n) ____2____ in a schl at a city nearby.”可知，Anna今天是去城里新学校的第一天。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到她朴素的衣着，知道她来自一个小村庄，其他学生开始嘲笑她。A. simple朴素的；B. clean干净的；C. lvely可爱的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据上文“knwing she was frm a small village”可知，因为她来自小村庄，所以衣着朴素。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：看到她朴素的衣着，知道她来自一个小村庄，其他学生开始嘲笑她。A. making use f利用；B. making fun f嘲笑；C. getting dwn t开始认真做某事；D. cming dwn t归结为。根据上文“Upn seeing her ____4____ clthing and knwing she was frm a small village,”可知，其他学生看到她朴素的衣着，知道她来自一个小村庄，所以开始嘲笑她。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把Anna介绍给全班同学，然后开始上课。A. pushed推；B. fllwed跟随；C. turned转身；D. intrduced介绍。根据上文“Tday was the first day f her ____3____ schl.”可知，Anna是第一天来到新学校上学，所以老师把她介绍给全班同学，然后开始上课。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当每个人都交了答卷后，老师开始给全班读。A. presented提交；B. received收到；C. fund发现；D. handled处理。根据上文“She tld everyne t write dwn the Seven Wnders f the wrld.”可知，老师让学生写下世界七大奇迹，因此此处是指学生们交了答卷。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数人正确地回答了，如中国的长城、罗马斗兽场、巨石阵、吉萨大金字塔、比萨斜塔、泰姬陵、巴比伦空中花园。A. neatly整洁地；B. crrectly正确地；C. briefly简要地；D. dramatically戏剧性地。根据下文“such as The Great Wall f China, Clsseum, Stnehenge, Great Pyramid f Giza, Leaning Twer f Pisa, Taj Mahal, Hanging Gardens f Babyln”可知，这些都是世界七大奇迹，因此此处是指大多数人正确地回答了老师的问题。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师很高兴，因为学生们记住了她教给他们的东西。A. delighted高兴的；B. realistic现实的；C. distant遥远的；D. patient耐心的。根据上文“The majrity had answered them ____8____ such as The Great Wall f China, Clsseum, Stnehenge, Great Pyramid f Giza, Leaning Twer f Pisa, Taj Mahal, Hanging Gardens f Babyln.”可知，因为学生们都答对了，所以老师很高兴。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为学生们记住了她教给他们的东西。A. detected发现；B. expanded扩大；C. adapted适应；D. remembered记住。根据上文“The majrity had answered them ____8____ such as The Great Wall f China, Clsseum, Stnehenge, Great Pyramid f Giza, Leaning Twer f Pisa, Taj Mahal, Hanging Gardens f Babyln.”可知，因为学生们都答对了，所以此处是指学生们记住了她教给他们的东西。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，老师把目光投向Anna的答卷，大声读道：“世界七大奇迹是——能看见、能听见、能感觉、能笑、能思考、能善良、能爱！”A. breath呼吸；B. emtins情绪；C. eyes眼睛；D. wish希望。根据下文“the whle class was speechless”可知，老师把目光投向Anna的答卷，然后开始大声读，读完后全班因为震惊而鸦雀无声。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：七大奇迹是——能够看见、能够听见、能够感受、能够笑、能够思考、能够善良、能够爱！A. Create创造；B. Learn学习；C. Lve爱；D. Bet打赌。根据空前“The Seven Wnders are—T be able t See, T be able t Hear, T be able t Feel, T Laugh, T Think, T be Kind,”可知，Anna的回答是关于人类拥有的宝贵能力，爱是其中之一。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师站在那里，震惊了，全班鸦雀无声。A. shcked震惊的；B. disappinted失望的；C. satisfied满意的；D. frightened害怕的。根据上文“The Seven Wnders are—T be able t See, T be able t Hear, T be able t Feel, T Laugh, T Think, T be Kind, T ____12____ !”可知，Anna写的世界七大奇迹让老师很震惊。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，一个来自小村庄的女孩提醒了我们所拥有的礼物，这些礼物才是真正的奇迹。A. cnsulted咨询；B. warned警告；C. encuraged鼓励；D. reminded提醒。根据上文“The Seven Wnders are—T be able t See, T be able t Hear, T be able t Feel, T Laugh, T Think, T be Kind, T ____12____ !”可知，Anna写的世界七大奇迹提醒了人们所拥有的礼物，这些礼物才是真正的奇迹。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，一个来自小村庄的女孩提醒了我们所拥有的礼物，这些礼物才是真正的奇迹。A. beliefs信仰；B. wnders奇迹；C. rewards奖励；D. ideals理想。根据下文“Hence, use what we have and value what we have.”可知，Anna写的世界七大奇迹才是生活中真正的奇迹。故选B。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Vincent van Ggh was ne f the ____36____ (gifted)artists f his generatin. He began wrking in an art gallery when he was 16 years ld. Hwever, it was nt until mre than a decade later that he started t ____37____(serius) cnsider being an artist himself.
Van Ggh became ____38____ (depress) after he mved t Lndn. In 1880, he tk up painting, frm ____39____ he drew much cmfrt. As he began t display a talent fr painting, he realized that art was his true calling. He was very impressed by the artwrks f the master painter Rembrandt. In 1886, he mved t Paris ____40____ (live) with his brther, wh intrduced him t sme Impressinist artists. He began t frm his wn style, ____41____ (emply)thick, unmixed paint. This resulted ____42____ vivid clrs, similar t thse in the Impressinist paintings.
Hwever, Van Ggh’s wrks had strng lines, as ppsed t ____43____ sfter edges f Impressinism. He made ____44____ (friend)with Paul Gauguin, wh shared the same visin, and they became knwn as Pst- Impressinists.
Althugh he was a genius, Van Ggh was nt yet appreciated in the art wrld. He nly sld ne painting during his lifetime, but these days, his wrks ______45______ (enjy)by peple arund the wrld.
【答案】36. mst gifted
37. seriusly
38. depressed
39. which 40. t live
41. emplying
42. in 43. the
44. friends
45. are enjyed##have been enjyed
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了荷兰后印象派画家文森特·梵高的艺术生涯。
【36题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：文森特·梵高是他那个时代最有天赋的艺术家之一。根据句中的“f his generatin(他那个时代)”可知，此处表达的是最高级含义，表示“最有天赋的”，要用形容词的最高级形式。故填mst gifted。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，直到十多年后，他才开始认真考虑成为一名艺术家。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰动词cnsider。故填seriusly。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：梵高搬到伦敦后变得抑郁。根据空格前的became可知，此处应使用形容词作表语，表示“感到抑郁的”，应使用v-ed形式的形容词。故填depressed。
【39题详解】
考查关系代词。句意：1880年，他开始画画，从中他得到了很多安慰。分析句子结构可知，此句为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词为painting，指物，在从句中作介词frm的宾语，因此用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：1886年，他搬到巴黎和弟弟一起生活，弟弟向他介绍了一些印象派画家。分析句子结构可知，此处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式。故填t live。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：他开始形成自己的风格，使用浓重的、未混合的颜料。分析句子结构可知，此处在句子中作伴随状语，因与其逻辑主语He之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填emplying。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：这导致了鲜艳的色彩，类似于印象派绘画中的色彩。result in为固定短语，意为“导致；造成”。故填in。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然而，梵高的作品中有强烈的线条，与印象派的柔和边缘相反。根据下文“sfter edges f Impressinism(印象派的柔和边缘)”，可知此处特指印象派的柔和边缘，应用定冠词。故填the。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：他和保罗·高更交上了朋友，他们有着相同的愿景，被称为后印象派。make friends with sb.为固定短语，意为“与某人交朋友”。故填friends。
【45题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：尽管他是个天才，但梵高在艺术界还没有得到赏识。在他有生之年只卖出了一幅画，但现在，他的作品受到全世界人民的喜爱。根据句意可知，enjy与主语his wrks之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；由these days可知，此处描述的是现阶段一直存在的动作或状态，可用一般现在时或现在完成时态。故填are enjyed/have been enjyed。
第三节 课文默写（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
46. Cmfrt fd is an imprtant tl in helping us ________ tensin and feel gd abut urselves. (根据句意填空)
【答案】relieve
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：安慰食物是帮助我们缓解紧张和自我感觉良好的重要工具。根据句意可知应用动词relieve，此处为短语help sb. d sth.。故填relieve。
47. This well-develped ability, as well as the scrll’s ambitius size, allws Zhang t shw an ________ amunt f detail—yu culd study the painting fr hurs and still discver smething new. (根据句意填空)
【答案】enrmus
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种高超的能力，再加上画卷的宏大尺寸，让张能够展示出大量的细节——你可以花几个小时研究这幅画，仍然能发现一些新的东西。修饰名词应用形容词enrmus，作定语，表示“大量的”。故填enrmus。
48. Their effrts t cnduct research in bth fields may finally ____________.（根据句意填空）
【答案】pay ff
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和情态动词用法。句意：他们在这两个领域开展研究的努力可能最终会得到回报。根据“Their effrts”和finally可知，此处是指他们的努力最终会得到回报，所以应用动词短语pay ff表示“获得回报”。在情态动词may后应用动词原形。故填pay ff。
49. Smetimes the smell alne can ________ ; nt t mentin the lvely creamy flavr which wrks like a time machine immediately transprting me back t my sunny childhd. (根据句意填空)
【答案】d the trick
【解析】
【详解】考查固定词组。句意：有时单靠气味就能达到目的；更不用说可爱的奶油味了，它就像一台时光机，立刻把我带回了阳光明媚的童年。d the trick为固定短语，意为“奏效，起作用，达到目的”，填入空格处符合句意，由情态动词can可知，动词d应用原形。故填d the trick。
50. The crwd immediately recgnized that they were listening t smething truly special, and ________.(根据句意填空)
【答案】they brke int enthusiastic cheers at the end f the symphny
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构、时态等。句意：观众们立刻意识到他们在听一些真正特别的东西，在交响乐结束时，他们爆发出热烈的欢呼声。根据前文句意和连词and可知，此处表示“在交响乐结束时，他们爆发出热烈的欢呼声”，用简单句表达，和前文并列。根据前文recgnized可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。表示“他们爆发出热烈的欢呼声”为they brke int enthusiastic cheers，break int“突然开始做”是固定搭配；表示“在交响乐结束时”为at the end f the symphny，at the end f“在……的结尾”是固定搭配。故填they brke int enthusiastic cheers at the end f the symphny。
第四部分，写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
51. 假定你是李华，5月14日你校举办了“Fd Festival”活动。请给英国好友Chris写一封邮件分享你的经历，内容包括：
1.介绍活动内容；
2.你的感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
I am mre than delighted t write t share with yu the Fd Festival we celebrated in the campus n May 14th.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
I am mre than delighted t write t share with yu the Fd Festival we celebrated in the campus n May 14th.
With enthusiasm and dedicatin, we students carefully planned ur menus, and searched supermarket stands fr the ingredients. The scene was nthing shrt f amazing, as we all came tgether t create a feast. When we tk bites f the delicius dishes, ur muths watered, ur eyes widened, and the sweet and satisfying flavrs filled ur senses.
The festival was highly praised nt nly because it gave us an pprtunity t shwcase ur cking talents, but als because it strengthened ur bnd as a cmmunity.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一封介绍信。要求考生以李华的身份，就5月14日你校举办了“Fd Festival”活动一事，给英国好友 Chris写一封邮件分享你的经历。
【详解】词汇积累
奉献，投入：dedicatin → cmmitment
寻找：search → seek
美味的：delicius → scrummy
加强：strengthen → reinfrce
句式拓展
同义句改写
原句：With enthusiasm and dedicatin, we students carefully planned ur menus, and searched supermarket stands fr the ingredients.
拓展句：Because we had enthusiasm and dedicatin, we students carefully planned ur menus, and searched supermarket stands fr the ingredients.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The scene was nthing shrt f amazing, as we all came tgether t create a feast. (使用了as引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】The festival was highly praised nt nly because it gave us an pprtunity t shwcase ur cking talents, but als because it strengthened ur bnd as a cmmunity. (使用了nt als...连接的并列句，且其中包含because引导的原因状语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The prize may g t the fastest, but smetimes, the first ne t crss the finish line isn’t the nly winner. Nwhere was that mre true than at a recent 5K invitatinal (邀请赛) in Shelbyville, Indiana.
There were tw players in the match: Levi LaGrange and Axel Aleman, wh hadn’t knwn each ther befre. Levi LaGrange, an 18-year-ld student frm Western Bne High Schl, has been expecting t be a prfessinal sprtsman fr many years. Axel Aleman, wh is frm Sheridan High Schl, is a friendly and generus persn and he is always mre cncerned abut thers than himself. Axel nce said t his classmates, “When yu are standing at a crssrad, yu can chse the path f self-interest, r yu can g the extra mile fr smene in need. As a teen athlete, the chice is extremely clear.”
The game went very well at first. Hwever, with less than half a mile t g, Levi LaGrange slipped, twisting his ankle. He said, “I was running up the little rlling hill and I hurt my ankle. I felt smething was wrng with my ankle.”
Levi stpped and signed t Axel t pass him. Generally, winning a match shuld be the missin fr a sprtsman, But at that mment, the race became a secndary cncern fr Axel. “I was able t see he was in a lt f pain,” Axel recalled. “As I gt clser t him, he narrwly fell dwn. I asked if he was all right. He said he felt like smething brken in his leg.”
Rather than running ahead, in an extrardinary act f true sprtsmen, Axel refused t leave Levi behind. “As sn as I saw him, I knew I had t d smething,” Axel said. “It just seemed like the right thing t d. That mattered mre than the race. I tld him I wasn’t ging t leave. I wanted t help him finish the match.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Minutes later, Axel walked clser t Levi.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Axel gained a lt frm the incident.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
Minutes later, Axel walked clser t Levi. Axel picked Levi up and encuraged him t hld n t the end. Placing an encuraging hand at his cmpetitr’s back, Axel remained with Levi fr the remainder f the race. They advanced side by side, with eyes lking at the finish line. They even sang a sng t cheer each ther up. Eventually, the tw crssed the finish line within secnds f ne anther. Axel even made sure Levi went first. T their surprise, the event rganizer annunced that they were bth winners tgether.
Axel gained a lt frm the incident. In the fllwing days, Axel received lts f psitive cmments nw and then. While he might have enjyed the praise fr his kindness, fr him, the best harvest was the friendship with Levi. We might nt always recgnize when life hands us an pprtunity t help thers, but when it really des, we shuld take actin. Axel said, “I wuld just really hpe peple d the right thing.” Yes, we shuld d that, nt fr thers, but fr urselves.
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章讲述了两个互不相识的运动员一起参加一场5千米田径邀请赛，就在快到终点时，Levi不小心扭伤了脚踝，无法继续比赛；而Axel并没有越过他直接跑向终点，而是停下来扶着他一起先后越过终点线，并意外地得到了并列第一的荣誉。通过这次比赛，Axel不仅得到了好的成绩和人们的赞扬，更重要的是收获了与Levi的友谊。正如他自己认为的：做正确的事情比比赛本身更加重要。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“几分钟后，Axel向Levi走得更近了些。”可知，第一段可描写Axel没有越过Levi继续跑，而是停下来帮助他，与他一起跑向终点经过。
②由第二段首句内容“Axel从这次事情中收获了很多。”可知，第二段可描写Axel不仅取得了好成绩，还收获了人们的赞扬和Levi的友谊。
2.续写线索：走近--帮助--一起走向终点--并列第一--得到称赞--收获友谊--点明主题
3.词汇激活
① 鼓励、激励：encurage→inspire
② 前进：advance→mve frward
③ 比赛：match→game→race
④ 最终、终于：eventually→finally
⑤ 偶尔、不时：nw and then→frm time t time/smetimes
【点睛】[高分句型1] Placing an encuraging hand at his cmpetitr’s back, Axel remained with Levi fr the remainder f the race. （运用了现在分词形式placing在句首作伴随状语）
[高分句型2] While he might have enjyed the praise fr his kindness, fr him, the best harvest was the friendship with Levi. （运用了以while引导的让步状语从句）
[高分句型3] We might nt always recgnize when life hands us an pprtunity t help thers, but when it really des, we shuld take actin.（运用了以but连接的表转折意义的并列句；及以when引导的时间状语从句）
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