英语：河南省2025届高三下学期高考模拟冲刺联考试题（解析版）

这是一份英语：河南省2025届高三下学期高考模拟冲刺联考试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力（略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Study Abrad with Harvard Teachers Arund the Wrld
Expect a true Harvard experience this summer? During a Harvard Summer Schl Study Abrad prgram, yu will engage yur intellectual curisity with Harvard teachers, build a new netwrk f friends, and expand yur understanding f the wrld.
Our ffice hurs f peratin are frm 9:00 am t 5:00 pm Eastern Time, Mnday t Friday. Fr mre abut ur prgrams, please email us at SummerAbrad@
Harvard Summer Prgram in Greece
Study plitical and natural envirnments f the Eastern Mediterranean frm ancient times t the present.
Prgram Directr: Dimiter Angelv and Gregry Nagy
Date: Frm June 28, 2025 t August 3, 2025
Cst: $9,150
Husing: Htel
Harvard Summer Prgram in Kenya
Explre humanity’s evlutinary rigins and dynamic future thrugh climate science, eclgy, and fssil excavatins (挖掘) in Kenya’s Rift Valley.
Prgram Directr: Daniel R. Green
Date: Frm May 29, 2025 t July 10, 2025
Cst: $12,000
Husing: Drmitries
Harvard Summer Prgram in Madrid, Spain
Study Spanish language, histry, and culture in Spain’s dynamic, elegant and hip capital city.
Prgram Directr: Jhanna Liander
Date: Frm May 31, 2025 t July 25, 2025
Cst: $11,700
Husing: Hmestay
Harvard Summer Prgram in Shanghai, China
Encunter China’s majr city, Shanghai, and learn abut China’s place in the wrld. Understand its ties with internatinal fd cultures.
Prgram Directr: Jyce Chaplin and Erez Manela
Date: Frm June 15, 2025 t August 9, 2025
Cst: $ 12,250
Husing: Htel
1. Which prgram lasts the shrtest?
A. The ne in Greece.B. The ne in Kenya.
C. The ne in Spain.D. The ne in China.
2. Where will the students signing up fr the prgram in Madrid live during their study?
A. In a htel.B. In a drmitry.
C. In a lcal’s huse.D. In the directr’s hme.
3. What will the prgram in Shanghai ffer t the students?
A. A tur f big cities.B. A training curse n cking.
C. A language curse in Chinese.D. A curse in the glbal rle f China.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学在四个不同地方设立的暑期学习项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据各个项目对应的时间“Date: Frm June 28, 2025 t August 3, 2025 (日期：2025年6月28日至8月3日)”、“Date: Frm May 29, 2025 t July 10, 2025 (日期：2025年5月29日至7月10日)”、“Date: Frm May 31, 2025 t July 25, 2025 (日期：2025年5月31日至7月25日)”和“Date: Frm June 15, 2025 t August 9, 2025 (日期：2025年6月15日至8月9日)”可知，希腊暑期学习项目从6月28日持续到8月3日，为期37天(=3+31+3)，是持续时间最短的暑期学习项目。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Harvard Summer Prgram in Madrid, Spain部分的“Husing: Hmestay (住宿安排：寄宿家庭)”可知，参加马德里项目的学生将住在当地人的家里。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Harvard Summer Prgram in Shanghai, China部分的“Encunter China’s majr city, Shanghai, and learn abut China’s place in the wrld. Understand its ties with internatinal fd cultures. (走进中国大都市上海，探索中国在世界舞台的独特地位，了解其与国际美食文化的深厚渊源)”可知，参加上海项目的学生将了解中国在全球的角色。故选D项。
B
After Charltte, the green sea turtle, was hit by a bat in 2008, Cnnecticut’s Mystic Aquarium(水族馆)quickly became its new hme. The accident caused Charltte t have what marine bilgists call “bubble butt syndrme”—a cnditin that traps air in the back f the turtle’s shell and tilts(倾斜)its back end up at a 45-degree angle, which is nt a natural psitin fr turtles t swim.
“Bubble butt syndrme” is becming mre cmmn, as mre sea turtles—which are already endangered—face injuries frm human activities. As fr sea turtles, this cnditin can nt nly cause paralysis(瘫痪), but it can make it difficult fr them t eat r avid enemies because they can’t mve well.
While sme animal dctrs have tried t attach weights t the shells f turtles with this cnditin, scientists have just created an innvative device that culd becme the new standard fr turtles like Charltte. Mystic Aquarium reached a 3D printing cmpany, which wrked with experts t create a weighted belt that wuld help Charltte swim mre easily.
After a few tries, experts created a flexible, lightweight, and adjustable belt that wraps arund the edge f Charltte’s shell and can be easily remved.
As Charltte gets used t wearing the belt and builds strength in her back flippers(鳍足), the team at Mystic Aquarium will slwly add weights t the belt t cunter Charltte’s “bubble butt”. And mre sea turtles culd benefit frm this in the future.
“Our hpe is that an aquarium culd uplad a scan f a turtle, have access t an nline design tl, which wuld allw them t make a few design decisins, and exprt a file, which wuld allw them t build a belt n a printer,” said the 3D printing cmpany’s directr. “This wuld help imprve the quality f life fr their turtles.”
4. What caused Charltte t develp “bubble butt syndrme”?
A. An accidental disease.B. A misfrtune.
C. A kind f imprper care.D. A careless swim.
5. What is the main prblem fr sea turtles with “bubble butt syndrme”?
A. Difficulty in finding water.
B. Truble in seeing ther sea turtles.
C. Increased risk f being killed by humans.
D. Difficulty in mving and aviding enemies.
6. What can we infer abut the new belt designed fr Charltte?
A. It can be changed as needed.
B. It is made f a heavy material.
C. It will be replaced later by ther devices.
D. It needs t be adjusted and maintained ften.
7. What d the 3D printing cmpany’s directr’s wrds mean?
A. The cmpany will prvide standard belts.
B. Aquariums need t buy advanced 3D printers.
C. Only sme aquariums can use this technlgy.
D. Aquariums will be able t create and print the belts themselves.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. D
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一只名为Charltte的绿海龟因被船撞击而患上“气泡臀综合征”后，康涅狄格州神秘水族馆与一家3D打印公司合作，为其设计并制作了一条加权腰带，以帮助其更轻松地游泳的情况，还提及了这一创新设备对未来更多海龟的潜在益处。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“After Charltte, the green sea turtle, was hit by a bat in 2008, Cnnecticut’s Mystic Aquarium(水族馆)quickly became its new hme.(2008年，绿海龟Charltte被船撞击后，康涅狄格州的神秘水族馆迅速成为了它的新家。)”可知，Charltte患上“气泡臀综合征”的直接原因是被船撞击这一意外事故。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“As fr sea turtles, this cnditin can nt nly cause paralysis(瘫痪), but it can make it difficult fr them t eat r avid enemies because they can’t mve well.(对于海龟而言，这种病症不仅可能导致瘫痪，还会使它们难以进食或躲避天敌，因为它们无法正常移动。)”可知，患有“气泡臀综合征”的海龟主要问题是行动困难，难以进食或躲避天敌。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“After a few tries, experts created a flexible, lightweight, and adjustable belt that wraps arund the edge f Charltte’s shell and can be easily remved.(经过几次尝试，专家们打造出了一条灵活、轻便且可调节的腰带，它可以缠绕在夏洛特的龟壳边缘，并且易于拆卸。)”以及第五段“As Charltte gets used t wearing the belt and builds strength in her back flippers(鳍足), the team at Mystic Aquarium will slwly add weights t the belt t cunter Charltte’s “bubble butt”.(随着Charltte逐渐适应佩戴腰带并增强后鳍足的力量，神秘水族馆的团队将慢慢在腰带上增加重量，以抵消Charltte的“气泡臀”影响。)”可知，新腰带具有可调节性，且能够根据Charltte的恢复情况逐步增加重量。这表明腰带可根据实际需求进行调整。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Our hpe is that an aquarium culd uplad a scan f a turtle, have access t an nline design tl, which wuld allw them t make a few design decisins, and exprt a file, which wuld allw them t build a belt n a printer,” said the 3D printing cmpany’s directr. “This wuld help imprve the quality f life fr their turtles.”(“我们希望水族馆可以上传海龟的扫描数据，使用在线设计工具进行一些设计决策，然后导出文件，这样就能在打印机上制作出腰带，”这家3D打印公司的主管说，“这将有助于改善海龟的生活质量。”)”可知，水族馆可上传海龟扫描数据，使用在线设计工具自主调整设计，导出文件后通过3D打印机自行制作腰带。这表明水族馆将能够独立完成腰带的设计和打印。故选D。
C
If yu cnfidently believe yu’re right in a disagreement with a friend r a clleague, a new study suggests that yu may actually be wrng. Researchers fund that peple naturally assume they have all the infrmatin they need t make a decisin r supprt their psitins, even when they d nt. The researchers called it the “illusin (错觉) f infrmatin adequacy”.
“We fund that, in general, peple dn’t stp t think whether there might be mre infrmatin that wuld help them make a mre infrmed decisin,” said the c-authr f the study. “If yu give peple a few pieces f infrmatin that seem t line up, mst will say ‘that sunds abut right’ and g with that.”
The study invlved 1,261 Americans wh participated nline. They were divided int three grups wh read an article abut a fictinal schl that lacked adequate water. The first grup read an article that nly gave reasns why the schl shuld merge (合并) with anther schl that had adequate water; the secnd grup’s article nly gave reasns fr staying separate and hping fr ther slutins; the third grup read all the arguments fr the schls merging and fr staying separate.
The findings shwed that the tw grups wh had read nly half the stry still believed they had enugh infrmatin t make a gd decisin. Mst f them said they wuld fllw the recmmendatins in the article they read. Thse with nly half the infrmatin were actually mre cnfident in their decisins t merge r remain separate than thse wh had read the cmplete stry. They were quite sure that their decisins were right, even thugh they didn’t have all the infrmatin.
The c-authr said, “Peple shuld make sure they have the full stry abut a situatin befre they take a stand r make a decisin. Yur first mve when yu disagree with smene shuld be t think, ‘Is there smething that I’m missing that wuld help me see their perspectives and understand their psitins better?’ That’s the way t fight this ‘illusin f infrmatin adequacy’.”
8. What des the new study suggest abut peple during disagreements?
A. They rarely change their minds.
B. They usually give lts f made-up prfs.
C. They tend t verestimate their knwledge.
D. They always have all the necessary infrmatin.
9. Accrding t the c-authr, what d mst peple d when given limited infrmatin?
A. They accept it as sufficient ne.B. They seek mre infrmatin.
C. They dubt the infrmatin.D. They ignre it cmpletely.
10. What can we learn abut the reading materials given t the first tw grups?
A. They fcused n a real-life schl issue.
B. They invlved a large number f prblems.
C. They wuld be cmpleted by the third grup.
D. They presented nly ne perspective t the prblem.
11. What did the c-authr advise peple t d t vercme the illusin?
A. Accept thers’ views.B. Ignre disagreements.
C. Questin their wn perspectives.D. Gather mre infrmatin.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究发现人们常陷入“信息充足错觉”，在信息不完整时仍过度自信，但事实上他们有可能是错的。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“If yu cnfidently believe yu’re right in a disagreement with a friend r a clleague, a new study suggests that yu may actually be wrng. Researchers fund that peple naturally assume they have all the infrmatin they need t make a decisin r supprt their psitins, even when they d nt. (最新研究表明，当你与朋友或同事争论时若自信地认为自己正确，实际上可能是错误的。研究人员发现，人们会自然而然地假定自己已掌握决策或支持立场所需的全部信息——即便事实并非如此)”可知，研究发现，人们在争论中往往高估自己掌握的知识。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中合著者所说的话“If yu give peple a few pieces f infrmatin that seem t line up, mst will say ‘that sunds abut right’ and g with that. (研究发现，当人们获得几条看似相互印证的信息时，大多数人会认为“这听起来挺合理”并直接采信)”可知，大多数人在得到有限的信息时会认为这些信息是足够的。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first grup read an article that nly gave reasns why the schl shuld merge (合并) with anther schl that had adequate water; the secnd grup’s article nly gave reasns fr staying separate and hping fr ther slutins (第一组阅读的文章仅列举了该校应与另一所水源充足的学校合并的理由；第二组的文章则只阐述了保持独立并寻求其他解决方案的依据)”可知，前两组的阅读材料只呈现了问题的一个方面。故选D项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中合著者所说的话“Yur first mve when yu disagree with smene shuld be t think, ‘Is there smething that I’m missing that wuld help me see their perspectives and understand their psitins better?’ (当你与他人意见相左时，首先要做的应该是思考：“我是否忽略了某些能帮助我理解对方立场的关键信息”)”可知，作者建议人们在与别人意见相左时，首先要做的应该是思考和质疑自己的观点。故选C项。
D
T thse utside f educatin, it may cme as a surprise that the hardest aspect f teaching is ften nt what happens in the classrm, but the preparatin that must happen utside it, beynd nrmal wrk hurs. The tughest wrk is in the planning and structuring f lessns fr classes with students f varying knwledge and skill levels.
Against that backdrp, educatin and cmputer science researchers at Stanfrd University have evaluated large language mdels’ (LLMs’) ability t help middle schl math teachers create tiered (分层的) lessns that allw them t nurture thse wh might have fallen behind while hlding the interest f mre advanced students at the same time.
Researchers intrduced the first evaluatin framewrk fr lessn scafflding (脚手架) grunded in expert teachers’ prcesses and the first experiments that test and adapt LLMs fr this task. Befre they began experimenting with LLMs, Malik, a Knight-Hennessy schlar studying educatin data science at the Stanfrd Graduate Schl f Educatin, analyzed teachers’ lessn planning t understand the fundamentals f scafflding.
“The precnditin f the prject was t see what technlgy can d t help teachers with that prcess f taking a curriculum and making the classrm ready,” says Malik. “We’re nt just creating a tl, but a framewrk that helps teachers scaffld curriculum effectively, ensuring AI-generated cntent matches real classrm needs.”
In their analysis, they identified three steps teachers g thrugh in creating lessn plans: bservatin (evaluating their students’ skill levels) , frmulatin f an instructinal strategy, and implementatin (实施) thrugh a scafflded lessn plan that meets the needs f all students.
The AI mdel was designed t generate “warm-up” exercises that help students activate prir knwledge. In user evaluatins, these AI-generated exercises were rated better than human-created nes in terms f accessibility, agreement with learning bjectives, and teachers’ preference.
AI is nt withut limitatins, the researchers stress. LLMs are quite gd at generating text-based cntent — stry prblems and written descriptins — but they struggle with visual appraches, diagrams, graphs, and s n, which are an essential part f math instructin. The researchers are wrking t address these limitatins nw.
12. What might teachers think f as the mst challenging part f teaching?
A. Delivering lessns in the classrm.
B. Using technlgy t enhance teaching.
C. Designing lessns t meet varying needs.
D. Evaluating students’ perfrmance during class.
13. What des the underlined wrd “nurture” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Declare.B. Assist.C. Restrict.D. Cnvey.
14. What is Malik’s attitude t the research prgram?
A. Cnfident.B. Skeptical.
C. Indifferent.D. Cncerned.
15. Which can be the best title fr the text?
A. The Future f AI in Replacing Human Teachers.
B. AI Helps Math Teachers Build Better “Scafflds”.
C. The Limitatins f LLMs in Classrm Teaching.
D. LLMs Have the Ability t Design an Interesting Lessn.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍斯坦福大学研究团队利用大语言模型（LLMs）帮助中学数学教师设计分层课程的研究。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The tughest wrk is in the planning and structuring f lessns fr classes with students f varying knwledge and skill levels.(最困难的工作是为知识和技能水平各异的学生规划和组织课程。)”可知，教师认为最具挑战性的是设计满足不同学生需求的课程。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线单词前的“Against that backdrp, educatin and cmputer science researchers at Stanfrd University have evaluated large language mdels’ (LLMs’) ability t help middle schl math teachers create tiered (分层的) lessns (在这样的背景下，斯坦福大学的教育和计算机科学研究人员对大型语言模型（LLMs）帮助中学数学教师创建分层课程的能力进行了评估。)”可知，设计分层课程，结合划线单词后的“thse wh might have fallen behind while hlding the interest f mre advanced students at the same time.(同时让更优秀的学生保持兴趣，又不至于让那些可能落后的学生掉队。)”可知，设计分层课程使他们能够帮助落后的学生，同时保持高水平学生的兴趣，由此可知，划线单词的意思与“帮助”含义相近。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We’re nt just creating a tl, but a framewrk that helps teachers scaffld curriculum effectively, ensuring AI-generated cntent matches real classrm needs.(我们不仅在创造一种工具，更是在构建一个框架，帮助教师有效搭建课程支架，确保人工智能生成的内容符合真实课堂需求。)”可知，Malik对该研究项目持积极态度，相信其能切实帮助教师。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Against that backdrp, educatin and cmputer science researchers at Stanfrd University have evaluated large language mdels’ (LLMs’) ability t help middle schl math teachers create tiered (分层的) lessns that allw them t nurture thse wh might have fallen behind while hlding the interest f mre advanced students at the same time. (在这样的背景下，斯坦福大学的教育和计算机科学研究人员对大型语言模型（LLMs）辅助中学数学教师设计分层课程的能力展开了评估。这类课程既能帮助可能落后的学生迎头赶上，又能同时让程度更超前的学生保持学习兴趣。)”及第六段中AI模型在生成预热练习方面的成效可知，本文主要介绍的是斯坦福大学研究团队利用大语言模型（LLMs）帮助中学数学教师设计分层课程的研究，由此可知，标题“AI帮助数学教师构建更好的课程脚手架”概括了全文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Teaching students t ask gd questins engages them and acts as an nging assessment. Here are sme f the benefits f inquiry-based learning.
Questins reveal interest
We ask questins when smething catches ur attentin and surprises us, r when we hear smething we want mre infrmatin abut.____16____. It is like saying, “Hey! I am paying attentin, and I want t knw mre!” Asking a great questin is even mre revealing.
Questins reveal bth gaps and strengths in understanding
____17____. In fact, it makes ur jb a lt easier when we are asked a questin that can clarify a misunderstanding r explain smething in a better way. Teaching students t ask effective questins can reveal what a child desn’t understand, allwing us t fill in the gaps and likely imprve understanding fr ther students t.
____18____
Research shws that when we ask a questin urselves, we are mre likely t remember the infrmatin we receive. It makes sense—we are likely t ask abut smething that is interesting r relevant t us, and by asking the questin, we becme persnally invested in the answer.
Questins keep learners engaged
If we are pen t children’s questins and leave rm fr discussin, the lessn can quickly becme mre interesting when the children’s wn questins guide it.____19____. A questin can make students persnally engaged in the tpic r activity.
Questins build a fundatin fr new knwledge
There are many benefits f inquiry-based learning. Any subject r tpic starts ut with brad, fundatinal infrmatin that frms the basis fr mre in-depth r specific knwledge. A questin psed at the right time builds essential knwledge. With that understanding, the mre cmplex and mre interesting knwledge has rts.____20____.
A. Questins imprve memry
B. Questins shw yur excellence
C. And the learning prvides a chance t grw
D. And they get a lt f benefits frm asking questins
E. There is a difference between a gd questin and a bad ne
F. Asking almst any questin is a clear signal t shw ur interest
G. As teachers, we knw that nt everything we say will be understd
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. A 19. D 20. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕探究式学习中提问的好处展开，介绍了提问能揭示兴趣、揭示理解上的空白和优势、提高记忆力、保持学习者参与度以及为新知识奠定基础等多个方面，对探究式学习中提问的作用进行了详细的说明。
【16题详解】
空前“We ask questins when smething catches ur attentin and surprises us, r when we hear smething we want mre infrmatin abut.(当某事物引起我们的注意或让我们感到惊讶时，或者当我们听到想要进一步了解的内容时，我们就会提出问题。)”提到当某事引起我们的注意或惊讶时，我们会提问；而空后“It is like saying, “Hey! I am paying attentin, and I want t knw mre!” Asking a great questin is even mre revealing.(这就像是在说：“嘿！我在关注，我想知道更多！”提出一个好问题更能揭示兴趣。)”则指出提问就表明自己很关注。选项F“Asking almst any questin is a clear signal t shw ur interest(几乎任何问题都是表达兴趣的明确信号。)”衔接上下文，解释了提问与兴趣的直接关联，且“clear signal”与后句“like saying”形成呼应。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据下文内容“In fact, it makes ur jb a lt easier when we are asked a questin that can clarify a misunderstanding r explain smething in a better way. Teaching students t ask effective questins can reveal what a child desn’t understand, allwing us t fill in the gaps and likely imprve understanding fr ther students t.(事实上，当学生提出一个能澄清误解或更好地解释某事物的问题时，我们的工作会变得轻松很多。教学生提出有效的问题可以揭示他们不理解的内容，让我们填补这些空白，也可能帮助其他学生加深理解。)”可知，当学生提问时，我们更容易澄清误解，暗示教师需要应对学生未理解的内容。选项G“As teachers, we knw that nt everything we say will be understd(作为教师，我们知道并非我们说的所有内容都会被理解。)”引出教师视角，解释了为何学生提问能揭示理解差距，逻辑连贯。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处为小标题，为本段主要内容。根据本段内容“Research shws that when we ask a questin urselves, we are mre likely t remember the infrmatin we receive. It makes sense—we are likely t ask abut smething that is interesting r relevant t us, and by asking the questin, we becme persnally invested in the answer. (研究表明，当我们自己提出一个问题时，我们更有可能记住所获得的信息。这是有道理 ——我们往往会询问自己感兴趣或相关的事情，而通过提问，我们会亲自投入到答案中。)”可知，本段主要讲述了提问可以使我们记住所获得的信息。选项A“Questins imprve memry(问题提升记忆力)”作为小标题，精准概括段落主旨。故选A。
【19题详解】
空前“If we are pen t children’s questins and leave rm fr discussin, the lessn can quickly becme mre interesting when the children’s wn questins guide it.(如果我们对孩子的问题持开放态度，并留出讨论的空间，当孩子们自己的问题引导课程时，课堂会很快变得更有趣。)”提到当孩子的问题引导课程时，课堂会更有趣；而空后“A questin can make students persnally engaged in the tpic r activity.(一个问题可以让学生个人投入到主题或活动中。)”则强调问题让学生个人投入主题。选项D“And they get a lt f benefits frm asking questins(他们从提问中获得很多好处。)”承上启下，既总结前句“课程更有趣”的结果，又引出后句“个人投入”的具体收益，逻辑顺畅。故选D。
【20题详解】
上文“There are many benefits f inquiry-based learning. Any subject r tpic starts ut with brad, fundatinal infrmatin that frms the basis fr mre in-depth r specific knwledge. A questin psed at the right time builds essential knwledge. With that understanding, the mre cmplex and mre interesting knwledge has rts.(探究式学习有很多好处。任何学科或主题都是从广泛的基础信息开始的，这些信息构成了更深入或更具体知识的基础。在恰当的时候提出的问题能构建必要的知识。有了这种理解，更复杂、更有趣的知识就有了根基。)”提到复杂知识有了根基。选项C“And the learning prvides a chance t grw(而学习提供了成长的机会)”补充了知识根基带来的结果，即通过学习实现成长，与“根基”形成隐喻呼应，完整阐述知识积累的逻辑。故选C。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was a teenager, I managed t bth skip my freshman year f high schl and gain entry int a dual-credit(双学分)high schl prgram. Fr every cllege____21____I tk thrugh the prgram, I wuld gain high schl credit tward graduatin and an Assciate’s degree.
It was there, in my junir year, that I fund my____22____weakness in academia: chemistry. Mind yu, the cllege was aware f high schl____23____being integrated int their classes. Hwever, the prfessr____24____we all had taken chemistry befre—a big____25____fr students like me wh hadn’t. With n basic teaching and a strict “n drp r switch curses”____26____, my peers and I were dmed(注定的)t a class with n basic fundatin. My grades____27____sharply, and s did my cnfidence.
One evening, after weeks f studying, tutring, and practice, I____28____a failed exam paper. I’d scred just 58, and tears filled my eyes. My fur-year-ld brther saw me sitting n the flr near my desk. He placed his stuffed cat beside me, climbed nt my lap, and____29____patted my face.
“Dn’t be sad,” he said sftly. “I’m here t be yur_____30_____s yu can be happy.”
Thrughut the mess f that chemistry curse, that is the shining_____31_____I saw at the end f the tunnel. I ended up_____32_____the class, but my brther helped me see that there was an_____33_____t that nightmare. Smetimes little brthers knew the warm thing t say ut f inncent lve and_____34_____. My brther’s lve shwed me that failure is_____35_____, and that supprt frm lved nes can turn even the hardest days int hpeful nes.
21. A. curseB. majrC. prgramD. task
22. A. currentB. slightC. fatalD. minr
23. A. teachersB. studentsC. educatrsD. leaders
24. A. insistedB. suggestedC. saidD. assumed
25. A. styleB. misunderstandingC. desireD. permissin
26. A. ruleB. scheduleC. deviceD. recgnitin
27. A. clsedB. quitC. drppedD. increased
28. A. talked arundB. asked abutC. called frD. stared at
29. A. prudlyB. gentlyC. merelyD. madly
30. A. giftB. galC. dreamD. eagerness
31. A. chanceB. lineC. lightD. gld
32. A. attendingB. failingC. callingD. discussing
33. A. .endB. aimC. edgeD. pinin
34. A. idealB. permissinC. curisityD. cncern
35. A. curableB. essentialC. tempraryD. realistic
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在青少年时期参加双学分高中项目时，在化学课程上遇到的困难和挑战，以及作者四岁弟弟给予的温暖支持和鼓励，使作者明白了失败是暂时的，亲人的支持可以让最艰难的日子也充满希望。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这个项目修读的每一门大学课程，我都可以同时获得高中毕业学分和副学士学位学分。A. curse课程；B. majr专业；C. prgram项目、程序；D. task任务。根据空后的“I tk thrugh the prgram”以及下文“Thrughut the mess f that chemistry curse, that is the shining ________ I saw at the end f the tunnel.”可知，此处指的是作者通过这个项目修读的大学课程。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正是在高三那年，我发现了自己在学术上的致命弱点：化学。A. current当前的；B. slight轻微的；C. fatal致命的；D. minr较小的。根据下文“With n basic teaching and a strict “n drp r switch curses” _______ , my peers and I were dmed(注定的)t a class with n basic fundatin. My grades _______ sharply, and s did my cnfidence.”可知，作者因未学过基础化学而挂科，成绩和信心大幅下降，说明化学是致命的学术弱点。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：需要说明的是，学院知道有高中生参与他们的课程。A. teachers教师；B. students学生；C. educatrs教育家；D. leaders领导者。根据上文“When I was a teenager, I managed t bth skip my freshman year f high schl and gain entry int a dual-credit(双学分)high schl prgram.”可知，作者以高中生身份参加双学分项目，所以大学知道有高中的学生参与他们的课程。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，教授却假设我们所有人都学过化学——这对于像我这样没学过化学的学生来说，是一个巨大的误解。A. insisted坚持；B. suggested建议；C. said说；D. assumed假设、认为。根据空后“we all had taken chemistry befre”以及后续的问题可知，教授虽然知道有高中生参与课堂，可是却以为这些学生都学过化学。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有基础教学，而且还有一条严格的“禁止退课或换课”的规定，我和同学们注定要在没有基础知识的情况下学习这门课程。A. style风格、方式；B. misunderstanding误解；C. desire愿望；D. permissin允许。根据上文可知，教授假设学生有化学基础，而像作者这样的学生并未学过，这是一个误解。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于没有基础教学，而且还有一条严格的“禁止退课或换课”的规定，我和同学们注定要在没有基础知识的情况下学习这门课程。A. rule规则；B. schedule时间表；C. device设备；D. recgnitin识别。根据空前““n drp r switch curses””可推测，“禁止退课或换课”是课程的规则。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的成绩急剧下降，信心也一落千丈。A. clsed关闭；B. quit离开；C. drpped放弃、退学；D. increased增加、提高。根据上文“With n basic teaching and a strict “n drp r switch curses” ______ , my peers and I were dmed(注定的)t a class with n basic fundatin.”可知，作者由于缺乏基础且无法退课，成绩大幅下降。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，经过数周的学习、辅导和练习后，我盯着一张不及格的试卷。A. talked arund含糊其辞地说；B. asked abut询问；C. called fr呼吁、要求；D. stared at凝视。根据空后“a failed exam paper.”可知，作者盯着不及格的试卷，符合沮丧的情绪。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他把他的毛绒猫放在我旁边，爬到我的腿上，轻轻地拍了拍我的脸。A. prudly自豪地；B. gently温柔地；C. merely仅仅；D. madly疯狂地。根据空后“patted my face”以及常理可知，四岁弟弟应该是温柔地拍作者的脸，体现安慰的动作。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“别难过，”他轻声说道，“我来当你的礼物，这样你就能开心了。”A. gift礼物；B. gal目标；C. dream梦想；D. eagerness渴望。根据上文““Dn’t be sad,” he said sftly.”可知，弟弟是来安慰作者。所以弟弟应该是说自己来当作者的礼物，从而让作者开心，符合孩子天真的表达。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在整个混乱的化学课程中，这是我在隧道尽头看到的一束光芒。A. chance机会；B. line排、行；C. light光线；D. gld金。根据下文“My brther’s lve shwed me that failure is _______ , and that supprt frm lved nes can turn even the hardest days int hpeful nes.”可知，弟弟的鼓励和支持让作者看到了希望。此处考查短语“see the shining light at the end f the tunnel”，意为“隧道尽头的光芒”，指困境中的希望。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我最终这门课没及格，但我弟弟让我明白，那场噩梦终有结束的时候。A. attending参加、出席；B. failing失败、不及格；C. calling打电话、呼叫；D. discussing讨论。根据下文“but my brther helped me see that there was an _______ t that nightmare.”中的but可推测，空处与下文存在转折关系。下文说弟弟让作者明白噩梦终会结束，所以空处指的是作者的这门课没有及格。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我最终这门课没及格，但我弟弟让我明白，那场噩梦终有结束的时候。A. end结束、末尾；B. aim目标；C. edge边缘、优势；D. pinin意见、观点。根据上文“Thrughut the mess f that chemistry curse, that is the shining _______ I saw at the end f the tunnel.”可知，弟弟让作者看到了希望，也就是噩梦终有结束的时候。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，小弟弟们出于纯真的爱和关心，会说出一些温暖人心的话。A. ideal理想；B. permissin允许；C. curisity好奇心；D. cncern担忧、关心。根据空前的“lve”以及上文““Dn’t be sad,” he said sftly.”可推测，弟弟说这些话都是源于对作者的关心和爱。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：弟弟的爱让我明白，失败是暂时的，而亲人的支持甚至可以把最艰难的日子变成充满希望的日子。A. curable可治愈的；B. essential必要的、基本的；C. temprary暂时的、临时的；D. realistic现实的、实际的。根据上文“I ended up _______ the class, but my brther helped me see that there was an _______ t that nightmare.”可知，失败是暂时的，亲人的支持甚至可以把最艰难的日子变成充满希望的日子。故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Dunhuang is mentined, the mst lasting impressin is its histrical heritage,____36____ (particular) the must-visit painted grtts (石窟) f the Mga Grtts.
In additin t____37____ (preserve) this treasured heritage, the city in Gansu Prvince is nw seeking____38____ (becme) mre cntemprary and meet different needs by setting up multifunctinal cultural places and ffering experiences with a mdern tuch.
The Dunbuang Bk Center is such a place. Like ther bkstres, it is filled____39____bks and creative cultural items, but it is als undubtedly f Dunhuang, with____40____ (it) unique design, titles and gds inspired by the grtts and the murals (壁画).
It pened in April 2022. Tw years later, it____41____ (earn) a spt n the “mst beautiful bkstres f the year” list at the Third Natinal Cnference n Reading in Kunming City, Yunnan Prvince. Cvering arund 800 square meters, it includes sme 25,000 bks categrized under____42____ (sectin) such as Dunhuang’s histry, murals, and calligraphy. All the bks in the center are abut Dunhuang. Seventy percent f them have “Dunhuang”____43____ (write) n their cvers.
The center als basts its wn “library cave”, a reference t Cave 17,____44____ is famus fr the 50,000 histrical artifacts. These include manuscripts, dcuments, textiles and ritual ware, frm the 4th t the l4th century, fund inside it when it was repened. In hnr f the cave, the center set up_____45_____ unique space dedicated t mre than 1, 200 publicatins n Dunhuang manuscripts.
【答案】36. particularly 37. preserving 38. t becme 39. with 40. its
41. earned 42. sectins 43. written 44. which 45. a
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍敦煌除保护历史遗产，还打造如敦煌图书中心等现代文化场所。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：提起敦煌，给人印象最深的就是它的历史遗产，尤其是莫高窟的彩绘石窟。此处表示“尤其是；特别是”，强调敦煌给人最持久印象的是莫高窟的彩绘石窟，所以填副词。故填particularly。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。除了保护这一珍贵的遗产，甘肃省的这座城市现在正寻求变得更加现代化，通过建立多功能文化场所和提供具有现代气息的体验来满足不同的需求。in additin t是介词短语，后接动词时要用动名词形式。故填preserving。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。除了保护这一珍贵的遗产，甘肃省的这座城市现在正寻求变得更加现代化，通过建立多功能文化场所和提供具有现代气息的体验来满足不同的需求。seek t d...的意思是“设法做……”。故填t becme。
【39题详解】
考查介词。和其他书店一样，它也堆满了书籍和创意文化物品，但它无疑也是敦煌的，其独特的设计、标题和商品的灵感来自石窟和壁画。be filled with...的意思是“充满……”。故填with。
【40题详解】
考查代词。和其他书店一样，它也堆满了书籍和创意文化物品，但它无疑也是敦煌的，其独特的设计、标题和商品的灵感来自石窟和壁画。此处修饰后面的名词，所以填形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【41题详解】
考查时态。两年后，在云南省昆明市举行的第三届全国阅读大会上，它获得了“年度最美书店”的称号。根据时间状语Tw years later，这里描述的是过去发生的动作，此处用一般过去时。故填earned。
【42题详解】
考查名词单复数。它占地约800平方米，包括约25,000本书籍，分为敦煌历史，壁画和书法等部分。sectin是可数名词，空格前没有限定词，所以此处填其复数形式。故填sectins。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。其中70%的封面上写着“敦煌”。分析句子可知，此处作后置定语修饰前面的名词，且与该名词是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填written。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。该中心还拥有自己的“图书馆洞穴”，参考17号洞穴，该洞穴以5万件历史文物而闻名。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Cave 17，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。为了纪念这个洞穴，该中心设立了一个独特的空间，专门展示1200多份敦煌手稿出版物。此处表泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你校上周举办了一场主题为“中国茶文化”的讲座。请给你的外国朋友Anny写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.讲座的主要内容；
2.你的收获。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Anny,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Anny,
I hpe this email finds yu well. Last week, ur schl held a fascinating lecture n Chinese tea culture. The speaker cvered the rich histry f varius types f tea and traditinal tea ceremnies. We als learned abut the health benefits assciated with different kinds f tea and the cultural significance f tea in Chinese sciety.
I gained a deeper understanding f hw tea is an imprtant part f Chinese heritage and daily life. It was enlightening t see hw tea culture reflects Chinese philsphies f harmny, respect, and tranquility. The lecture truly bradened my knwledge and appreciatin fr this ancient art.
I believe yu wuld have enjyed it immensely if yu had listened t it.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
First, here are a few things yu need t knw abut my dad. He was a slightly impatient kind f guy. If he wanted smething dne, he wanted it dne nw, if nt sner.
Secnd, yu need t knw that Dad was an early riser. Every single day. N exceptins. N excuses. Wrk r n wrk. Hlidays r vacatin days, there was my father, up and ready t g. We’d ften start vacatin trips at 3:00 am r 4:00 am “t beat the traffic”.
Oh, and yu shuld knw that Mm was a night wl, up late watching a late mvie r a wrestling match. It didn’t matter t Mm. She enjyed staying up late, late, late.
Here is ne mre thing abut my dad. He is clr-blind. That usually desn’t matter. And he was a fairly cnservative kind f persn. Fr instance, he bught ur new hme ut in the cuntry and bjected immediately t the stucc (粉饰灰泥) being a pale peach clr. It was t “flashy” fr Dad. He hired a painter t cver up all that peach with a nice, nt-flashy gray. Dad was fnd f gray anyway.
And s, we arrived at the Saturday mrning when Dad ppped ut f bed as bright-eyed and bushy-tailed as ever, felt restless, and lked arund fr smething that needed ding. Mm was sund asleep, as usual. My brther and I slept in a bit. There was nbdy arund t keep an eye n Dad and whatever he decided t d next.
S, Dad decided that the prch (走廊) n ur newly gray huse needed a fresh cat f paint. He headed ff t the hardware stre t get paint and painting supplies. He did nt tell any f us. Nr did he invite any f us alng.
We were nt sure what happened at the hardware stre. But we were all pretty sure that Dad had n clue what clr he was painting the wden prch. He wrked hard at the task.
My brther and I wke up, wndered where Dad was, and went lking fr him.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We fund him n the prch.
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Mm shk her head and my brther and I grinned (咧嘴笑) — the pink prch wuld sure draw interesting cmments.
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【答案】参考范文：
We fund him n the prch. There, he was standing n a ladder, paintbrush in hand, with a lk f cncentratin n his face. The prch was already half-cvered in a bright pink paint. My brther and I stared in disbelief. “Dad, that’s nt gray!” I shuted. Dad turned arund, lking cnfused. My brther and I made a quick dash fr Mm. “Cme quick!” we tld Mm. “Hurry!” Stumbling arund in her rbe, flppy slippers, and hair curlers, Mm rushed utside.
Mm shk her head and my brther and I grinned（咧嘴笑）— the pink prch wuld sure draw interesting cmments. But t ur surprise, Mm didn’t cmplain. Instead, she said, “Yu knw what? Let’s keep it. It’s different, but maybe it’s time fr a change.” Dad beamed with pride. The next day, we all helped finish painting the prch. Peple passing by wuld smile and wave, sme even stpping t praise ur “unique” chice. Our huse became a lcal landmark. Dad’s pink prch taught us that smetimes, mistakes can lead t wnderful new beginnings.