北京市朝阳区2025届高三下学期3月一模试题 英语 含解析

这是一份北京市朝阳区2025届高三下学期3月一模试题 英语 含解析，共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（考试时间90分钟 满分100分）
本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
New-brn babies aren’t afraid f the dark. They dn’t have a ___1___ f the dark yet; that cmes later. One day, my 2-year-ld daughter suddenly said, “T dark!” after we turned ut the light. She believed smething was under the bed. T ___2___ her tears, I plugged in the desk lamp t prve there were n mnsters.
When I first started writing, I didn’t wrry abut the dark as I culd create all kinds f stries. After graduatin, I became a busy parent. My writing ___3___. Nights that I wuld spend reading r thinking were gne. I wrte at 5 am befre the ___4___ f the everyday husewrk—laundry, playdates and feedings—but sn ndded ff. I was s ___5___. Writing anxiety grew slwly.
Wrn ut, I frgt t buy a nightlight. The desk lamp was t bright. A nightlight was enugh t help my daughter see the utline f the bed. It wuld burn thrugh the night, calming her fears. She didn’t need it t see; she needed it t feel ___6___. In the basement I fund an ld plastic Christmas tree and tk it up t her rm. My daughter saw it and clapped ___7___, “Light! My light!” It sits there year-rund. A Christmas tree in July is dd, but perfect desn’t ___8___, and besides, it casts the ideal amunt f light.
In being a parent and a writer, there is n fixed ___9___, n ne way f ding things that is right; sme things that we must d are dd. Many things bring the light. Sme bring just enugh light that yu are n lnger afraid. The shadwy light that says, Dn’t be scared, write it! It is a light t ____10____ yu, t keep yu ging. And it burns thrugh the night, keeping the mnsters at bay.
1. A. secretB. hpeC. fearD. habit
2. A. wipeB. hideC. stpD. draw
3. A. slwedB. ceasedC. imprvedD. increased
4. A. trainingB. divisinC. mvementD. repetitin
5. A. lnelyB. tiredC. fcusedD. energetic
6. A. safeB. quietC. prudD. cnfident
7. A. shylyB. sftlyC. plitelyD. excitedly
8. A. lastB. existC. wrkD. arrive
9. A. needB. termC. bndD. rutine
10. A. guideB. blindC. attractD. fllw
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过对自身经历的叙述，鼓励人们要勇于追寻生命中的能指引你前行的那束光。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还不害怕黑暗。A. secret秘密；B. hpe希望；C. fear害怕；D. habit习惯。根据上句“New-brn babies aren’t afraid f the dark.(刚出生的婴儿不怕黑。)”可知，这里指刚出生的婴儿对黑不害怕，以后才会有恐惧感。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了止住她的眼泪，我插上了台灯的插头，以证明没有怪物。A. wipe擦掉；B. hide隐藏；C. stp停止；D. draw绘画。根据“t prve there were n mnsters”可知，女儿因为害怕有怪物所以哭泣，作者插上了台灯的插头是为了证明没有怪物，从而止住女儿的眼泪。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的写作慢了下来。A. slwed放慢速度；B. ceased终止；C. imprved提高；D. increased增加。根据下文“I wrte at 5 am befre the 4 f the everyday husewrk—laundry, playdates and feedings—but sn ndded ff.(我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。)”可知，作者每日忙于家务，非常疲惫，所以写作速度也变慢了。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。A. training训练；B. divisin分歧；C. mvement运动；D. repetitin重复。根据上文“I became a busy parent.(我成了一个忙碌的家长。)”和句中的“everyday husewrk”及常识可知，作者成为家长后非常忙碌，每天都要重复做琐碎的家务活。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我太累了。A. lnely孤独的；B. tired累的；C. fcused专注的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据上句“I wrte at 5 am befre the 4 f the everyday husewrk—laundry, playdates and feedings—but sn ndded ff.(我在早上5点写作，然后开始重复每天的家务——洗衣服、玩伴和喂饭——但很快就睡着了。)”及下文“Wrn ut(感到筋疲力尽)”可知，作者每天都很忙碌及疲惫。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要它来感到安全。A. safe安全的；B. quiet安静的；C. prud自豪的；D. cnfident自信的。根据上文“It wuld burn thrugh the night, calming her fears.(它会整夜亮着，安抚她的恐惧。)”可知，女儿需要这盏小夜灯安抚她的恐惧，让她不再害怕，有安全感。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我女儿看到了，兴奋地拍手：“光！我的光!”A. shyly害羞地；B. sftly温柔地；C. plitely礼貌地；D. excitedly兴奋地。根据女儿的欢呼““Light! My light!””可知，女儿看见圣诞树时是非常兴奋的。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：七月的圣诞树是奇怪的，但完美是不存在的，而且，它投下了理想数量的光。A. last持续；B. exist存在；C. wrk工作；D. arrive到达。根据常识可知，世上没有完美的东西，所以完美是不存在的。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为父母和作家，没有固定的惯例，没有一种正确的做事方法。A. need需要；B. term学期；C. bnd联系；D. rutine惯例。根据句中“n ne way f ding things that is right”和常识可知，作为父母和作家，没有什么正确的做事方法，可见也没有固定的生活方式和日常习惯。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是一束指引你前进的光。A. guide引导、指引；B. blind蒙蔽；C. attract吸引；D. fllw跟随。根据上句“The shadwy light that says, Dn’t be scared, write it!(阴影的光说，不要害怕，写下来！)”和本句中“t keep yu ging”可知，这是一束指引你前行的光。故选A。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhu Mengdan, a 15-year-ld frm the Li ethnic (少数民族的) grup, grew up climbing ccnut trees. Hwever, she had never imagined her childhd game ____11____ (becme) an fficial event at a natinal cmpetitin ne day. In 2024, as the yungest cmpetitr n Hainan’s team, Zhu ____12____ (participate) in the ccnut tree climbing cmpetitin at the Natinal Traditinal Games f Ethnic Minrities. “____13____ makes the event s special is that it shwcases Hainan’s unique cultural identity. I hpe this event cntinues t grw,” she remarked.
【答案】11. wuld becme
12. participated
13. What
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年15岁黎族姑娘朱梦丹是攀椰竞速项目海南代表队年龄最小的选手，参加了全国少数民族传统运动会。
【11题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：然而，她从来没有想到，她童年的游戏有一天会成为全国比赛的正式项目。becme为动词，表示“变成”，在句中作谓语；根据“had never imagined”和“ne day”及句意可知，空处表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故填wuld becme。
【12题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：2024年，作为海南队最年轻的选手，参加了全国少数民族传统运动会爬椰树比赛。participate为动词，表示“参加”，在句中作谓语，与主语“Zhu”之间为主动关系；根据“In 2024”可知，该句为一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。故填participated。
【13题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：这次活动的特别之处在于它展示了海南独特的文化特征。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“使活动特别的东西”，故应用连接代词what；句首字母大写。故填What。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
DeepSeek-R1, ____14____ cre technlgies are built upn a next-generatin large language mdel architecture, highlights China’s grwing strength in AI innvatin. This smart assistant can answer cmplex questins, create digital art and even write cmputer cde. DeepSeek-R1 learns by repeatedly ____15____ (try), unlike ther AIs that rely n large amunts f prepared examples. It practises many times and gets ____16____ (gd), much like hw students master maths. ____17____ the develpment f DeepSeek-R1, China shws the wrld that great things cme frm new ideas and hard wrk, nt just mney.
【答案】14. whse
15. trying 16. better
17. With
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能应用DeepSeek-R1。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：DeepSeek-R1的核心技术建立在下一代大型语言模型架构之上，凸显了中国在人工智能创新方面日益增长的实力。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“DeepSeek-R1”，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
【15题详解】
考查动名词。句意：DeepSeek-R1通过反复尝试来学习，不像其他人工智能依赖于大量准备好的例子。动词try用在介词“by”后面，应用动名词形式，作宾语，表示“通过反复尝试”。故填trying。
【16题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：它反复练习，然后变得越来越好，就像学生如何掌握数学一样。空处应用形容词作表语；根据“practises many times”可知，空处指多次练习作对比，变得更好，应用比较级形式。故填better。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着DeepSeek-R1的发展，中国向世界展示了伟大的事物来自新想法和努力工作，而不仅仅是金钱。空处应用介词，后接名词短语“the develpment f DeepSeek-R1”作宾语，表示“随着”，应用介词with；句首字母大写。故填With。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It’s difficult ____18____ (understand) jargn-filled (充满行话的) writing that academics have lng been accused f. T track academic writing ver time, The Ecnmist analyzed 347,000 PhD abstracts ____19____ (publish) between 1812 and 2023. They fund that the abstracts have becme harder t read. Thugh specializatin and advances in technlgy require mre precise terms, the trend f unreadable academic writing ____20____ (grw) strnger. Clear and simple writing wuld be a breath f fresh air.
【答案】18. t understand
19. published
20. is grwing
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要叙述了难以读懂的学术写作趋势越来越强的现状。
【18题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：学者们长期以来被指责的充满行话的文章很难理解。understand为动词，表示“理解”，根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，应用其非谓语动词形式；固定句式It’s difficult t d表示“做某事很困难”，It为形式主语，动词不定式t d为真正的主语。故填t understand。
【19题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：《经济学人》分析了1812年至2023年间发表的347,000篇博士论文摘要。publish为动词表示“出版、发表”，根据谓语动词“analyzed”可知，应用其非谓语动词形式，作定语，修饰“abstracts”，并与其之间为被动关系，表示“发表的摘要”，故应用过去分词形式。故填published。
【20题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：虽然专业化和技术的进步需要更精确的术语，但难以读懂的学术写作趋势越来越强。grw为动词，表示“成长、发展”，在句中作谓语，根据句意，该句应用现在进行时，表示目前“正在发生的动作”，主语是“the trend”，谓语为单数。故填is grwing。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
UNESCO is inviting teams and individuals frm Asia and the Pacific t submit case studies n the rles and risks f intangible cultural heritage (ICH) (非物质文化遗产) in the cntext f climate change. The gal is t safeguard ICH while advancing sustainable develpment. These case studies will deepen the understanding f the links between ICH and envirnmental sustainability, and infrm future plicies and practices in heritage prtectin and climate actin.
Fcus f the Case Studies:
Submitted case studies shuld address ne r mre f the fllwing questins in detail:
● What rles des ICH play in identifying, assessing and mnitring climate change?
● What rles des ICH play in prmting cmmunities’ adaptatin and safeguarding against climate change?
● What rles des ICH play in reducing carbn emissins (排放) and disaster risk?
● What are the cultural, scial and ecnmic impacts and risks t ICH practice, transmissin (传承) and safeguarding due t climate change?
● What changes t ICH are required fr adaptatin t climate change?
● What are lcal and reginal strategies fr safeguarding ICH in the cntext f climate change?
The case studies shuld be grunded in evidence-based research and invlve the widest pssible participatin f the cmmunity, grups r individuals. They shuld highlight the links between cultural diversity and envirnmental sustainability and ffer lcally-suited slutins fr sustainable develpment.
Submissin Details:
The case studies shuld be written in English and between 3,000 and 5,000 wrds in length. All submissins are t be sent t beijing.culture@unesc.rg befre April 15th, 2025. Authrs f selected case studies may have the pprtunity t participate in publicatins r internatinal cnferences.
21. Why is UNESCO calling fr case studies?
A. T shw the risk f climate change.B. T prtect ICH in a sustainable way.
C. T stress UNESCO’s imprtance.D. T raise funds fr ICH prtectin.
22. Which f the fllwing is a fcus f the case studies?
A. ICH’s rle in evaluating climate change.
B. ICH’s ecnmic value fr cmmunities.
C. Glbal strategies t safeguard ICH.
D. Carbn emissins’ effects n ICH.
23. The case studies t be submitted shuld ________.
A. cver all the listed questins
B. maximize public participatin
C. be based n persnal pinins
D. be written in Chinese r English
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织征集关于非物质文化遗产在气候变化中的角色与风险案例研究的背景、焦点及提交详情。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The gal is t safeguard ICH while advancing sustainable develpment.(目的是在促进可持续发展的同时保护非物质文化遗产)”可知，联合国教科文组织呼吁进行案例研究是为了以可持续的方式保护非物质文化遗产。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Fcus f the Case Studies(案例研究重点)”中的第一个问题“● What rles des ICH play in identifying, assessing and mnitring climate change?(●非物质文化遗产在识别、评估和监测气候变化方面发挥什么作用？)”可知，非物质文化遗产在评估气候变化方面的作用是案例研究的一个重点。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The case studies shuld be grunded in evidence-based research and invlve the widest pssible participatin f the cmmunity, grups r individuals.(案例研究应以基于证据的研究为基础，并使社区、团体或个人尽可能广泛地参与)”可知，提交的案例研究应该使公众参与范围最大化。故选B。
B
Luther Gerlach’s images enrich the permanent cllectins f the J. Paul Getty Museum in Ls Angeles and the Natinal Prtrait Gallery in Lndn, amng ther institutins.
While studying his wrk, ne cannt help but revisit the jurney he undertk in pursuit f art. Gerlach has dyslexia, a cnditin that makes it difficult fr him t read and spell, and in middle schl, it began t affect his studies. At the University f Minnesta, where Gerlach studied bilgy, his struggle with writing reached a tipping pint. Gerlach left the university and entered art schl. “Art has never been smething that slwed me dwn, in cntrast t the written wrd,” Gerlach says.
After graduating frm art schl, Gerlach tk what he learned and traveled acrss the United States selling his prints at art fairs. It was the late 1980s, and Gerlach traveled rughly 90,000 miles a year, taking phts alng the way. He was making $100,000 a year ding what he lved.
But the emergence f digital phtgraphy changed everything. Phtgraphers began t use Phtshp t create the hand-brushed quality f Gerlach’s phtgraphs and tld custmers they were using the same prcess Gerlach was using. “I wuld hear them talking — cmplete lies,” he says.
Rather than dive int digital, Gerlach mved int a phtgraphic prcess that was quite unusual: the wet clldin (火棉胶) prcess, invented in 1851. The prcess invlves cating a plate f glass r metal with clldin, fllwed by using a silver nitrate (硝酸银) bath t make the plate sensitive t light. The plate is then placed in a light-tight film hlder, with the pht made almst immediately while the plate is still wet.
It wasn’t easy when he first started, but Gerlach has always cnsidered “cnstant prblem slving” t be part f the creative prcess. It made Gerlach feel “present as an artist”. “I saw the final prduct right there in frnt f me. The same leaves n the tree that I’m standing in frnt f are n the image,” Gerlach explains. “The prcess allwed me t feel mre like a phtgrapher instead f a machine that printed prints t sell s I culd make mney. And when the final prduct wrks, nthing else cmpares t it.”
24. Luther Gerlach’s dyslexia ________.
A. frced him t change his majr
B. drve him t g int business
C. made him drp ut f middle schl
D. affected his artistic perfrmance
25. As digital phtgraphy emerged, Luther Gerlach ________.
A. adpted a unique phtgraphic technique
B set ff fr new places t take phtgraphs
C. praised phtgraphers fr using Phtshp
D. imprved the hand-brushed quality f his phts
26. Why did Luther Gerlach prefer the wet clldin prcess?
A. It was cheap and reliable.
B. It was easy and efficient.
C. It gave him artistic satisfactin.
D. It helped him sell prints fr prfit.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Necessity inspires inventin.
B. Everything cmes t thse wh wait.
C Hpe fr the best; prepare fr the wrst.
D. Dare t be different in a wrld f cpycats.
【答案】24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了患有阅读障碍症的Luther Gerlach追求艺术生涯的历程。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“At the University f Minnesta, where Gerlach studied bilgy, his struggle with writing reached a tipping pint. Gerlach left the university and entered art schl.(在Gerlach学习生物学的明尼苏达大学，他在写作上的困难达到了一个临界点。Gerlach离开大学，进入了艺术学院)”可知，阅读障碍症迫使Gerlach放弃了生物专业，改学艺术专业。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Rather than dive int digital, Gerlach mved int a phtgraphic prcess that was quite unusual: the wet clldin (火棉胶) prcess, invented in 1851.(Gerlach没有深入研究数码技术，而是转向了一种相当不同寻常的摄影方法：1851年发明的湿胶法)”可知，当数码摄影出现时，Gerlach没有跟风研究它， 而是采用了一种独特的摄影技术。故选A。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“It wasn’t easy when he first started, but Gerlach has always cnsidered “cnstant prblem slving” t be part f the creative prcess. It made Gerlach feel “present as an artist”.(刚开始的时候并不容易，但Gerlach一直认为“不断解决问题”是创作过程的一部分，这让Gerlach感到“作为一名艺术家的存在”)”和“The prcess allwed me t feel mre like a phtgrapher instead f a machine that printed prints t sell s I culd make mney. And when the final prduct wrks, nthing else cmpares t it.(这个过程让我觉得自己更像是一个摄影师，而不是一台打印印刷品出售的机器，这样我就可以赚钱。当最终产品成功时，没有什么能与之相比)”可知，Gerlach更喜欢这种湿胶法的过程，是因为这个创作过程让他感受到自己是一名艺术家，最终的作品也是无与伦比的，从而能够获得艺术上的满足感。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Rather than dive int digital, Gerlach mved int a phtgraphic prcess that was quite unusual: the wet clldin (火棉胶) prcess, invented in 1851.(Gerlach没有深入研究数码技术，而是转向了一种相当不同寻常的摄影方法：1851年发明的湿胶法)”和最后一段“The prcess allwed me t feel mre like a phtgrapher instead f a machine that printed prints t sell s I culd make mney. And when the final prduct wrks, nthing else cmpares t it.(这个过程让我觉得自己更像是一个摄影师，而不是一台打印印刷品出售的机器，这样我就可以赚钱。当最终作品成功时，没有什么能与之相比)”及全文内容可知，在数码摄影技术兴起的时候，Gerlach并不盲目跟随潮流、模仿他人，而是敢于探索不同的方法，并不断学习和研究，最终创造出无与伦比的作品，可见在一个充斥着模仿者的世界里，他敢于与众不同。故选D。
C
When peple view phtgraphs f frightening spiders, scientists usually bserve increased electrical activity deep in their brain, in a regin called the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The bvius cnclusin is that the PAG cntrls fight-r-flight respnses in threatening situatins. But what if brains dn’t have dedicated circuits fr fighting and flighting? Is threat detectin really a primary mde f the brain with its wn neural circuitry (神经回路)?
This idea f fight-r-flight circuits riginates frm the “triune brain” mdel dividing brains int the s-called lizard brain, including the PAG, fr survival functins, the “limbic system” fr emtins, and the “necrtex” fr higher-rder reasning. If yu knw anything abut evlutin, yu might knw that smething is spurius. The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic “system” r the “necrtex” fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively. S where des this leave the fight-r-flight stry?
Recently, changes in PAG activity have been bserved in nnthreatening tasks, such as reading a fascinating article abut the brain. The PAG has als been prved t regulate bdily systems cntinuusly. Incidentally, this explains why antianxiety medicatins manage anxiety disrders withut healing them. They target brain circuits that aren’t dedicated t anxiety r fight-r-flight but that simply regulate the bdy.
Researches n the brain’s pwers als cast new light n ur understandings. In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react t varius stimuli as either threatening r safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and frmulates actin plans in anticipatin f events befre stimuli ccur. The brain’s preparatry mechanism, metablically (新陈代谢地) expensive, invlves cmplicated neurnal activities fr sustaining multiple predictins and crrespnding actin plans ver extended perids. But the experiences in fight-r-flight respnses crafted by yur brain dn’t reveal hw it wrks.
Mrever, yur brain, which des much mre than avid threats, handles a cmplex scial wrld full f uncertainty. That’s a recipe fr stress. And what is stress? It reflects energy preparatin fr anticipated challenges. Yur brain ften makes sense f metablic cst f uncertainty, if it drags n fr lng enugh, as anxiety, but that’s nt a must. Peple seek uncertainty ut — and its psitive cusin, nvelty — when they try new fds r learn new skills.
Uncertainty is cmmn, but these days, with scial media and rund-the-clck news cverage, it smetimes bmbards us and leaves us anxius and exhausted. But these feelings dn’t emerge frm fight-r-flight circuits. They may just mean, in an ever changing and nly partly predictable wrld, that yu’re ding smething hard.
28. The authr asks the questins in Paragraph 1 t ________.
A. evaluate a statementB. justify an assumptin
C. challenge an argumentD. intrduce a new cncept
29. Which des the underlined wrd “spurius” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Rare.B. Wrng.C. Limited.D. Unexpected.
30. What can we infer frm this passage?
A. Hunting fr nvelty reduces stress and anxiety.
B. Medicine targeting PAG cures anxiety disrders.
C. Uncertainty is a prduct f mdern media and news cycles.
D. The “Fight r Flight” idea verlks the brain’s predictive pwer.
【答案】28 C 29. B 30. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了对“战斗或逃跑”这一大脑反应模式的质疑与新的理解。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The bvius cnclusin is that the PAG cntrls fight-r-flight respnses in threatening situatins. But what if brains dn’t have dedicated circuits fr fighting and flighting? Is threat detectin really a primary mde f the brain with its wn neural circuitry (神经回路)?(显而易见的结论是，中脑导水管周围灰质（PAG）在威胁情况下控制着战斗或逃跑反应。但是，如果大脑并没有专门用于战斗或逃跑的回路呢？威胁探测真的只是大脑自身神经回路的一种主要模式吗？)”可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了挑战一个论点，即“战斗或逃跑”反应是否由大脑中的特定回路控制。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic ‘system’ r the ‘necrtex’ fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively.(这个星球上唯一拥有“蜥蜴脑”的动物就是蜥蜴。此外，也不存在分别负责情感或理性的统一“边缘系统”或“新皮层”)”可知，地球上只有蜥蜴有蜥蜴脑，也没有分别用于情感或理性的统一的边缘 “系统” 或 “新皮质”。说明前面提到的 “三位一体脑” 模型是错误的，所以“spurius”意思是“错误的”。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“In daily life, individuals might feel like they perceive and react t varius stimuli as either threatening r safe. Actually, the brain, using past experiences, skillfully predicts and frmulates actin plans in anticipatin f events befre stimuli ccur.(在日常生活中，人们可能会觉得他们对各种刺激的认知和反应，要么是将其视为威胁，要么是视为安全。实际上，大脑会利用过往的经验，在刺激发生之前，巧妙地预测并制定行动计划，以应对即将发生的事件)”可知，“战斗或逃跑”这一观念忽视了大脑的预测能力。大脑利用过去的经验，在刺激发生之前就能熟练地预测并制定行动计划。故选D。
D
In the field where philsphy and neurscience verlap, few questins have fascinated and cnfused humanity as deeply as the cncept f free will. At first glance, the idea that we have the pwer t make chices that are nt predetermined seems intuitive (直觉的). Hwever, a clser examinatin reveals a cmplex web f philsphical arguments and scientific findings that challenge this seemingly straightfrward cncept.
Frm a philsphical standpint, the debate arund free will has cntinued intensely fr centuries. Cmpatibilists argue free will can cexist with determinism, as lng as ur actins are a result f ur wn desires and mtivatins. Fr example, chsing a music career ut f passin is cnsidered as a free chice within this framewrk. In cntrast, incmpatibilists maintain free will and determinism are mutually exclusive. Hard determinists view the universe as a clsed system gverned by strict laws f nature, where every event, including human actins, is predetermined. In this view, the idea f free will is an illusin (幻觉).
Neurscience has advanced markedly in decding the brain, revealing that many actins are preceded (先于) by neural activity. Studies n the brain’s reward system and neurtransmitters, particularly dpamine (多巴胺), further challenge the nature f free will. Addictive behavirs, fr instance, can be strngly influenced by the brain’s respnse t dpamine. A persn struggling with addictin may feel they lack the free will t resist it, as their brain chemistry has been altered in a way that frces them int acting.
The scientific evidence is nt cnclusive, thugh. Sme argue that the neural activity bserved befre cnscius decisins may nt be the cause f the actin but rather part f the preparatry prcess fr a decisin that is still freely made. Additinally, the cmplexity f the human brain and the fact that much f its functining is still nt fully understd leave rm fr the pssibility f free will.
If free will is an illusin, it challenges ur fundamental ntins f mral respnsibility. We praise and blame peple fr their actins because we believe they culd have acted differently. Hw can we hld individuals accuntable fr their actins if they were never truly free t chse therwise? Withut free will, the essential mral framewrk f ur scieties wuld cllapse int chatic indifference. Free will is nly an illusin if yu are, t.
31. Which f the fllwing situatins reflects the cmpatibilists’ view?
A. Driven by dpamine, Tim keeps checking his scial media.
B. Lucy speaks first after being randmly selected by sftware.
C. Expsed t a sudden blinding light, Lily quickly shuts her eyes.
D. Jerry shifts between cmpanies f shared bikes based n discunts.
32. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The altered brain chemistry enhances free will.
B Cnscius decisins are independent f neural activities.
C. Hard determinists see free will vital t mral accuntability.
D. Neurscientists’ views n the causes f human actins differ.
33. As fr the existence f free will, the authr is ________.
A. neutralB. disapprvingC. psitiveD. dubtful
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Des Neurscience Threaten Free Will?
B. Why the Arguments Against Free Will Fail
C. Explratin int the Cmplexity f Free Will
D. Free Will: Bridging Neurscience and Philsphy
【答案】31. D 32. D 33. C 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了自由意志在哲学与神经科学领域的复杂性与争议。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Cmpatibilists argue free will can cexist with determinism, as lng as ur actins are a result f ur wn desires and mtivatins. Fr example, chsing a music career ut f passin is cnsidered as a free chice within this framewrk.(相容论者认为，自由意志可以与决定论共存，只要我们的行为是出于我们自己的欲望和动机。例如，出于热情而选择音乐事业，在这个框架下就被视为一种自由的选择)”可知，兼容论者认为只要我们的行为是自身欲望和动机的结果，自由意志就可以与决定论共存。D选项“Jerry根据折扣在共享单车公司之间转换”符合相容论者的观点，即行为是基于个人欲望和动机的自由选择。故选D。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Neurscience has advanced markedly in decding the brain, revealing that many actins are preceded (先于) by neural activity.(神经科学在解码大脑方面取得了显著进展，揭示出许多行为在发生之前都会有神经活动)”和第四段的“Sme argue that the neural activity bserved befre cnscius decisins may nt be the cause f the actin but rather part f the preparatry prcess fr a decisin that is still freely made.(有些人认为，在做出有意识的决定之前观察到的神经活动可能并非该行为的原因，而是仍为自由做出的决定所做的准备过程的一部分)”可知，神经科学表明很多行为先有神经活动，但有些人认为有意识的决定之前观察到的神经活动可能不是行为的原因，而是自由做出决定的准备过程的一部分。这说明神经科学家对于人类行为的原因存在不同的观点。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If free will is an illusin, it challenges ur fundamental ntins f mral respnsibility. We praise and blame peple fr their actins because we believe they culd have acted differently. Hw can we hld individuals accuntable fr their actins if they were never truly free t chse therwise? Withut free will, the essential mral framewrk f ur scieties wuld cllapse int chatic indifference. Free will is nly an illusin if yu are, t.(如果自由意志是一种幻觉，那么它就会挑战我们关于道德责任的基本观念。我们赞扬或责备他人的行为，是因为我们相信他们本可以做出不同的选择。如果他们从未真正拥有自由选择其他行为的能力，我们又如何能让个人对自己的行为负责呢？没有自由意志，我们社会的基本道德框架将会崩塌，陷入混乱与冷漠。只有当你也认为自由意志是幻觉时，它才真正是幻觉)”可知，作者认为如果自由意志是幻觉，会挑战我们的道德责任观念，没有自由意志社会的道德框架会崩溃，最后说 “自由意志只有在你也是幻觉时才是幻觉”，暗示作者认为自由意志是存在的，态度是积极的。故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“In the field where philsphy and neurscience verlap, few questins have fascinated and cnfused humanity as deeply as the cncept f free will. At first glance, the idea that we have the pwer t make chices that are nt predetermined seems intuitive (直觉的). Hwever, a clser examinatin reveals a cmplex web f philsphical arguments and scientific findings that challenge this seemingly straightfrward cncept.(在哲学与神经科学相交汇的领域，几乎没有哪个问题能像自由意志这一概念那样，既深深吸引着人类，又让人类感到困惑。乍一看，我们拥有做出非预定选择的能力这一想法似乎是直觉上的。然而，更深入的探究揭示了一个由哲学论点和科学发现交织而成的复杂网络，这些论点和发现挑战了这一看似简单的概念)”可知，文章主要探讨了自由意志在哲学与神经科学领域的复杂性与争议，包括相容论者与不相容论者的观点、神经科学对自由意志的挑战以及科学证据的不确定性等。C选项“对自由意志复杂性的探索”最能概括文章的主旨大意。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When I think f my friends, I am mstly filled with lve and warmth: I simply can’t wait t see them again fr their affectin and supprt. ____35____ In the right md, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrng mment, they can drain (耗尽) all my gdwill.
If this sunds familiar, then yu t have frenemies, wh psychlgists call “ambivalent relatinships”. These lve-hate relatinships culd include a friend, a parent, a clleague r even a husband r wife. Their ambivalence can cme in many frms. ____36____ It culd be a partner lve-bmbing yu ne day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving yu unsure abut their true feelings.
____37____ At the very least, yu wuld expect them t be better fr us than ur aversive (令人厌恶的) relatinships. Unfrtunately, research suggests things aren’t s simple. A team at the University f Utah asked peple t take a reactin-time test and they fund that rapidly flashing the name f an ambivalent cnnectin n a screen intensified stress respnse f participants. Anther study at Brigham Yung University fund that simply knwing an ambivalent cnnectin was nearby as participants prepared t give a speech was enugh t send their bld pressure rcketing. ____38____
Cutting ties with ur ambivalent cnnectins isn’t always pssible r desirable if they are deeply mixed int ur scial netwrk. S, what can be dne? Simply being aware f the ambivalent nature f a relatinship might ffer sme prtectin. We can manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves fr the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. ____39____ As imprtantly, be a little mre mindful f any interactins with all ur ties. Shw thers the appreciatin and respect we feel fr them, fr accidental neglect culd be taken as a sign f indifference.
A. It might be a friend wh is ften unavailable when yu need his supprt.
B. We might hpe that in such relatinships, the gd wuld utweigh the bad.
C. In fact, even uncnscius reminders f a frenemy can break ur peace f mind.
D. This allws us t fcus n their gd qualities and shw empathy fr the unpleasant nes.
E. If yu feel smene t negative a presence in yur life, yu may decide t cut ff cntact.
F. A handful, hwever, stimulate quite different emtins—a mixture f eagerness and anxiety.
G. After all, the benefits f scial cnnectin cme frm feeling well understd and supprted.
【答案】35. F 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人际关系中的爱恨交织现象及其应对策略。
【35题详解】
上文“When I think f my friends, I am mstly filled with lve and warmth: I simply can’t wait t see them again fr their affectin and supprt.(当我想到我的朋友时，我大多充满了爱和温暖：我迫不及待地想再次见到他们，得到他们的关爱和支持)”说明作者想到朋友时，大多充满了爱和温暖。结合下文“In the right md, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrng mment, they can drain (耗尽) all my gdwill.(心情好的时候，这些人能让我度过一个充满乐趣的夜晚，但心情不好的时候，他们会耗尽我所有的善意)”推知，空处和前文为转折关系，说明有些朋友给作者带来的是不同的感受。F项中的Hwever表示转折，“stimulate quite different emtins”与上文的“filled with lve and warmth”形成对比，说明有些朋友会激起不同的情感。所以F项“然而，有少数人激起了截然不同的情感——渴望和焦虑的混合体。”符合语境。故选F。
【36题详解】
上文“Their ambivalence can cme in many frms.(他们的矛盾心理可能以多种形式出现)”说明他们的矛盾心理有多种表现形式。空处承接上文，举例说明矛盾心理的一种表现形式。A项“可能是一个在你需要他支持时却经常不在身边的朋友。”符合语境。故选A。
【37题详解】
下文“At the very least, yu wuld expect them t be better fr us than ur aversive (令人厌恶的) relatinships.(至少，你会期望他们比我们厌恶的关系对我们更好)”说明人们期望这种爱恨交织的关系能带来一些好处。B项中的“We might hpe”与下文的“yu wuld expect”相呼应，“the gd wuld utweigh the bad”与下文的“better fr us than ur aversive relatinships”相契合。所以B项“我们可能希望在这样的关系中，好的一面会超过坏的一面。”符合语境。故选B。
【38题详解】
上文“Anther study at Brigham Yung University fund that simply knwing an ambivalent cnnectin was nearby as participants prepared t give a speech was enugh t send their bld pressure rcketing.(杨百翰大学的另一项研究发现，当参与者准备演讲时，仅仅知道一个爱恨交织的人就在附近，就足以让他们的血压飙升)”说明即使是无意识的提醒也会让人血压升高。C项中的“even uncnscius reminders”与上文的“simply knwing”相呼应，“break ur peace f mind”与上文的“send their bld pressure rcketing”相契合，进一步说明这种关系的影响。所以C项“事实上，即使是无意识地想起一个爱恨交织的人，也会打破我们的平静。”符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
上文“We can manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves fr the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies.(在与爱恨交织的人交往时，我们可以管理自己的期望，并在心理上为这种复杂的情感做好准备)”说明我们可以管理自己的期望，为复杂的情感做好准备。D项中的“This allws us”承接上文，“fcus n their gd qualities and shw empathy fr the unpleasant nes”与上文的“manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves”相契合，说明这样做的好处。所以D项“这让我们能够关注他们的优点，并对不愉快的方面表示同情。”符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Grwing up, my favurite children’s bk was Amelia Bedelia. Amelia’s silly behaviurs that were a result f her literal interpretatin f language ften had me laughing. When she was tld t dust the furniture, instead f grabbing a feather duster, she sprinkled (撒) dust all ver the chairs and tables. A classic mment in Amelia’s life.
Recently, several f my friends have decided t limit their use f electrnic devices fr chatting t avid ptential misunderstandings. Yet, I enjy using these tls t stay cnnected with my children and grandchildren. But I admit it des lead t mre frequent Amelia Bedelia mments.
The ther day I was prviding childcare fr my granddaughter Cra and her ne-year-ld brther, Zay. Zay was sleeping while Cra was in her bedrm cluring, with her tablet right next t her. Hping t have a few minutes f peace, I tld Cra I wuld be in the backyard and that she shuld call me if Zay wke up. Shrtly after, the dr pened. There was Cra, red-faced, struggling t carry Zay. I quickly tk him frm her, gently sclding (训斥), “Cra, I tld yu t call me.”
She simply replied, “Grandma, I did call yu. Yu didn’t answer. Where’s yur phne?” Her call had cme via an app n her tablet t my phne which was n the kitchen table. Clearly, we had different ideas f what “call” meant.
As my grandchildren becme mre prficient (熟练) with technlgy and the language f a different generatin, there is n dubt ur Amelia Bedelia mments will nly increase. I can resist the misunderstandings by putting my phne away, but t enjy the smile f the lved nes, I’d rather keep it clser t me t experience the silly accidents that will ccur.
40. What caused Amelia’s silly behaviurs?
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41. Why didn’t the authr’s granddaughter call her the way she had expected?
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
 The authr cherishes Amelia Bedelia mments because she wants t resist the misunderstandings.
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43. If yu experience an Amelia Bedelia mment, what wuld yu d? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. Her literal interpretatin f language.
41. Because they had different ideas f what “call” meant.
42. The authr cherishes Amelia Bedelia mments because she wants t resist the misunderstandings.
The authr cherishes Amelia Bedelia mments because she wants t enjy the smile f the lved nes.
43. If I experience an Amelia Bedelia mment, I wuld laugh it ff and try t understand the ther persn’s perspective, because it’s a chance t see the wrld frm a different angle.(答案不唯一，合理即可)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者和孙女间因对“call”理解不同产生的趣事及感悟。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Amelia’s silly behaviurs that were a result f her literal interpretatin f language ften had me laughing.(阿米莉亚那些因对语言的字面理解而产生的愚蠢行为常常让我捧腹大笑)”可知，Amelia愚蠢的行为是由于她对语言的字面理解造成的。故答案为Her literal interpretatin f language.
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Her call had cme via an app n her tablet t my phne which was n the kitchen table. Clearly, we had different ideas f what ‘call’ meant.(她是通过平板电脑上的一个应用程序给我打电话的，而我的手机当时放在厨房的桌子上。很明显，我们对 “call” 的理解不一样)”可知，孙女是通过平板电脑上的应用程序给作者打电话，而作者期望的是她在弟弟醒了后叫他。故答案为Because they had different ideas f what “call” meant.
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“I can resist the misunderstandings by putting my phne away, but t enjy the smile f the lved nes, I’d rather keep it clser t me t experience the silly accidents that will ccur.(我可以通过把手机放在一边来避免这些误解，但为了能看到所爱之人的笑容，我宁愿把手机放在身边，去经历那些将会发生的小趣事)”可知，作者珍惜这些“Amelia Bedelia 时刻”不是为了避免误解，而是为了享受亲人的笑容，体验那些会发生的愚蠢的意外，所以错误的地方是 because she wants t resist the misunderstandings. 。故答案为The authr cherishes Amelia Bedelia mments because she wants t resist the misunderstandings. The authr cherishes Amelia Bedelia mments because she wants t enjy the smile f the lved nes.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，合理即可。如果经历了阿米莉亚·贝迪莉娅的时刻，我会笑着面对，尝试从对方的角度去理解，因为这是一个从不同角度看世界的机会。故答案为If I experience an Amelia Bedelia mment, I wuld laugh it ff and try t understand the ther persn’s perspective, because it’s a chance t see the wrld frm a different angle.
第二节（20分）
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校正在举办以“美丽校园”为主题的原创作品征集活动，交换生Jim打算参加，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1. 建议创作内容；
2. 就以上建议简要说明理由。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Excited abut yur plan t participate in “The Beauty f Campus” activity! I’m eager t share my suggestins abut what t create.
I believe it wuld be a wnderful idea t sht a vide highlighting the heartfelt bnds between students and teachers. Yu can capture ftage f bustling ffices where teachers diligently help students with their academic challenges. T add a mre heartwarming tuch yu culd interview students and incrprate their appreciatin fr teachers’ guidance, supprt, and the psitive impact they’ve had n their lives int the vide. Their hnest remarks wuld nt nly beautifully shw the dynamic campus life, but als prtray the beauty f character.
What d yu think f my ideas? Feel free t ask me any questins during yur shting.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于建议信。要求考试给交换生Jim回封邮件，就他所询问的有关学校正在举办的以“美丽校园”为主题的原创作品征集活动的创作内容提出建议，并说明理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
参加：participate in→take part in
渴望的：eager→lnging
突出、强调：highlight→emphasize
联系：bnd→cnnectin
影响：impact→influence
充满活力的：dynamic→energetic
2. 句式拓展：
同义句转换：
原句：I believe it wuld be a wnderful idea t sht a vide highlighting the heartfelt bnds between students and teachers.
拓展句：I believe it wuld be a wnderful idea t sht a vide that highlights the heartfelt bnds between students and teachers.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Yu can capture ftage f bustling ffices where teachers diligently help students with their academic challenges.（运用了以关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句。）
【高分句型2】T add a mre heartwarming tuch, yu culd interview students and incrprate their appreciatin fr teachers’ guidance, supprt, and the psitive impact they’ve had n their lives int the vide.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语和省略了关系代词的限制性定语从句。）