北京市西城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题 含解析

这是一份北京市西城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题 含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
On July 22nd, 18-year-ld Clleen Knull, a vlunteer firefighter, faced a dangerus situatin when a wildfire rapidly spread thrugh Jasper Natinal Park.
Knull, with less than a year f experience at the Ender by Fire Department, sptted ___1___ rising frm the muntainside. Her training immediately ___2___. “I saw the smke and used sme f the knwledge I had gained t read it, understand the wind directin, and ___3___ hw clse the fire was,” she said.
Befre an fficial evacuatin (疏散) rder was issued, Knull decided t act. She began kncking n cabin drs at the ldge (旅馆), ___4___ guests abut the fire. Then, realizing that hikers at a nearby campgrund were unaware f the ___5___, she quickly walked up the trail t evacuate them.
Leading a grup f 16 peple, Knull guided them n a tugh, fur-hur hike thrugh thick smke and difficult cnditins. “The smke was heavy, my eyes were burning, and ash kept falling,” said Rebecca Tcher, ne f the hikers. Despite these ___6___, Knull remained calm and kept the grup fcused.
Knull’s familiarity with the area and her firefighting skills prved ___7___. After hurs f struggling, the grup finally made it ut f the smky frest and reached a safe area where help was waiting.
Authrities later ___8___ Knull’s effrts, calling her a her fr her calmness and leadership under extreme pressure. Fr Knull, the experience was a pwerful reminder f the imprtance f preparatin and cmmunity. “I didn’t d it alne,” she said ___9___. “The training I received and the ____10____ the grup placed in me made it pssible.”
1. A. dustB. smkeC. cludD. steam
2. A. kicked inB. gave utC. added upD. caught n
3. A. shwB. prveC. assessD. track
4. A. callingB. askingC. teachingD. warning
5. A. prgram B. dangerC. arrangementD. fear
6. A. challengesB. limitatinsC. findingsD. cnsequences
7. A. unique B. cautiusC. vitalD. ppular
8. A. evaluatedB. supprted C. applaudedD. resisted
9. A. humblyB. cnfidentlyC. hnestlyD. nervusly
10. A. hnrB. gratitudeC. requestD. trust
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述的是18岁的志愿消防员科琳·克诺尔（Clleen Knull）在加拿大贾斯珀国家公园（Jasper Natinal Park）野火迅速蔓延时的英勇表现。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Knull在安德消防部门工作不到一年，他发现山坡上冒出了烟。A. dust灰尘；B. smke烟；C. clud云；D. steam蒸汽。根据下文“I saw the smke”可知，他是发现山坡上冒烟了。故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的训练立刻起了作用。A. kicked in开始生效；B. gave ut分发；C. added up加起来；D. caught n变得流行。根据下文“used sme f the knwledge I had gained t read it”可知，她平时的训练起了作用，空格处意为“开始生效”。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我看到了烟雾，并利用我所掌握的一些知识来解读它，了解风向，并评估火势有多近。”A. shw展示；B. prve证明；C. assess评估；D. track跟踪。根据下文“hw clse the fire was”可知，她评估火势有多近。故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始敲小屋的门，警告客人着火了。A. calling打电话；B. asking问；C. teaching教；D. warning警告。根据下文“guests abut the fire”可知，她是警告那些客人着火了。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她意识到附近露营地的徒步旅行者没有意识到危险，她迅速走上小路疏散他们。A. prgram项目；B. danger危险；C. arrangement安排；D. fear害怕。根据上文“the fire”可知，起火了，很危险，但是那些旅行者没有意识到危险。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管面临这些挑战，Knull仍然保持冷静，让团队保持专注。A. challenges挑战；B. limitatins局限性；C. findings发现；D. cnsequences后果。根据上文“The smke was heavy, my eyes were burning, and ash kept falling”可知，烟很重，火挺大的，这对她来说是挑战。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Knull对该地区的熟悉和她的消防技能证明是至关重要的。A. unique独特的；B. cautius谨慎的；C. vital至关重要的；D. ppular受欢迎的。根据上文“Knull’s familiarity with the area and her firefighting skills”可知，Knull对该地区的熟悉和她的消防技能证明是至关重要的。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当局后来赞扬了Knull的努力，称她为英雄，因为她在极端压力下的冷静和领导能力。A. evaluated评价；B. supprted支持；C. applauded称赞，赞许；D. resisted抵抗。根据下文“calling her a her fr her calmness and leadership under extreme pressure”可知，当局赞扬了她。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我不是一个人干的，”她谦虚地说。A. humbly谦虚地；B. cnfidently自信地；C. hnestly诚实地；D. nervusly紧张地。根据上文“I didn’t d it alne”可知，她谦虚地说不是她一个人干的。故选A。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所接受的训练和团队对我的信任使得这一切成为可能。A. hnr荣誉；B. gratitude感激；C. request要求；D. trust信任。根据倒数第三段“kept the grup fcused”和下文“the grup placed in me made it pssible”可知，团队是信任她的，她所接受的训练和团队对她的信任使得这一切成为可能。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
My sns, Liam and Patrick, lve baking ur family’s special Swedish bread, ____11____ we make nly nce a year. The recipe was passed dwn frm my great-grandmther t my great-uncle Olf, wh baked it every week and later taught it ____12____ me when I was furteen. As we bake, we share family stries. Baking tgether nt nly helps us cnnect with ur family’s past but als allws us t create new memries. One day, I hpe my bys ____13____ (carry) n these traditins, passing the stries and recipes t their wn children.
【答案】11. which
12. t 13. will carry
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是家庭传统瑞典面包的烘焙过程，以及它在家族成员间传承的重要性，通过这个过程，家族的历史与记忆得以延续和珍藏。
【11题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我的儿子们，利亚姆和帕特里克，喜欢烤我们家特有的瑞典面包，这种面包我们一年只做一次。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以此处使用关系代词，先行词 “special Swedish bread”指的是物，所以此处使用关系代词which。故填which。
【12题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个配方从我的曾祖母传给了我叔祖父奥洛夫，他每周都会烤它，后来在我十四岁时教给了我。此处为固定短语“teach sth. t sb.”意为“教给某人某事”符合句意。故填t。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我希望有一天我的孩子们能把这些传统传承下去，把故事和食谱传给他们的孩子。此处为宾语从句中的谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处描述的是希望将来发生的事情，应该使用一般将来时态来表示这一愿望。故填will carry。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
On Nvember 17, 2024, China’s first dmestically built cean drilling ship, Mengxiang, r “Dream,” ____14____ (enter) service in Guangzhu. Mengxiang is the largest scientific research ship ever built in China. Its mst remarkable feature is its ability t drill as deep as 11 kilmeters belw the sea flr. After samples ____15____ (cllect), he ship’s autmated system brings them abard fr analysis in nine labratries specializing in ____16____ (field) such as gelgy and micrbilgy. The ship’s unique prpulsin (推进) system imprves safety, ____17____ (enable) it t perate in rugh sea cnditins and even during super typhns.
【答案】14. entered
15. are cllected
16. fields 17. enabling
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是中国首艘国产深海钻探船“梦想”号于2024年11月17日在广州正式投入使用。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：2024年11月17日，中国第一艘国产海洋钻井船“梦想”号在广州开始服役。空处是句子的谓语动词，由On Nvember 17, 2024可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填entered。
【15题详解】
考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：采集完样本后，船上的自动化系统将它们送到9个专门从事地质学和微生物学等领域的实验室进行分析。空处是从句的谓语动词，由主句谓语brings可知，句子时态用一般现在时，且主语samples与cllect之间是被动关系，即 “样本被收集”，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语samples是复数，be动词用are。故填are cllected。
【16题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：采集完样本后，船上的自动化系统将它们送到9个专门从事地质学和微生物学等领域的实验室进行分析。field在此处意为“领域”，是可数名词，根据后面列举的“such as gelgy and micrbilgy”可知，不止一个领域，所以要用复数形式fields，故填fields。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该船独特的推进系统提高了安全性，使其能够在恶劣的海况下甚至在超级台风期间运行。句中谓语是imprves，空格处用非谓语动词，The ship’s unique prpulsin (推进) system和enable之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填enabling。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In the future, we may n lnger need chemical pesticides (农药) t help crps grw. Chinese scientists have discvered a small mlecule (分子) called 2’cADPR in plant cells that can stimulate immunity. This mlecule may be develped int a new type f bi pesticide. “Once this bi pesticide is put int use, it will wrk when ____18____ (apply) t the plant surface,” said Wan Li, ne f the researchers. “Based n existing scientific knwledge, it has the ptential t be used n varius plants ____19____ (fight) many diseases.” Wan als mentined that the small mlecule has already started prductin. The next step is t cntinue testing its effectiveness in the field, with the hpe f putting it int ____20____ (practice) use sn.
【答案】18. applied
19. t fight
20. practical
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是研究人员正在研制的一种生物杀虫剂。
【18题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。研究人员万里说：“这种生物农药一旦投入使用，在植物表面施用时就会起作用。”根据空格前的连词when和所给动词apply可知，此处考查状语从句的省略。when引导的时间状语从句应该是when it is applied t the plant surface，从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句中有be动词is，符合状语从句省略的条件，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。故填applied。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：根据现有的科学知识，它有可能被用于各种植物来对抗许多疾病。be used t d“被用于……”是固定搭配，所以空格处应该用不定式，作目的状语。故填t fight。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：下一步是继续在实地测试其有效性，希望很快将其投入实际使用。根据空格后的名词use可知，空格处应该用形容词practical作定语，修饰后面的名词use。故填practical。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Thank yu fr yur interest in vlunteering at Brightview Children’s Research Hspital. Each year, hundreds f vlunteers dnate their time and prvide much-needed supprt t ur patients and their families. Vlunteers serve in a variety f rles, delivering the care and services ur patient families deserve.
Rles:
·Playing games and prviding activities fr children.
·Prviding temprary care in clinical/inpatient settings.
·Delivering drinks, tys, and ther necessary items frm varius carts.
·Prviding directins and assisting with drs.
Qualificatins:
·Be at least 18 years f age and nt attending high schl. Thse under 18 must have written permissin frm a parent r legal guardian.
·Cmmit t at least eight cntinuus mnths f service, including cmpleting three r mre fur-hur shifts each mnth.
·Pass a criminal backgrund check. Backgrund screening may include criminal histry, educatin histry, and credit reprts.
·Required vaccinatins (疫苗接种): Flu vaccinatin during flu seasn and annually; Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR); Chickenpx; and Tuberculsis (TB) screening and clearance.
Vlunteer Cde f Cnduct and Ethics:
·D nt make cmmitments yu may be unable t fulfill. Fr day-f-event rles, if yu cannt appear fr r cmplete the shift(s) yu registered fr, cancel yur registratin at least ne week prir t the scheduled rle r shift.
·When using the Internet, be aware f yur surrundings. Cnsider hw yur behavir might be perceived by patients r thers nearby. Never pst anything abut patients r members n scial media, even if yu mit names r think yu’ve remved all identifiers.
·Vlunteers shuld never ffer advice r guidance t patients abut medical, persnal, financial, r ther decisins, even if asked. Encurage patients t discuss their cncerns with apprpriate staff.
·It is nt apprpriate t becme friends with patients. Vlunteers are encuraged t be friendly, caring, and supprtive while maintaining prfessinal bundaries and fllwing prfessinal standards.
If yu have specific questins abut individual vlunteer pprtunities at Brightview, please read ur Hspital Vlunteer FAQs r cntact vlunteers@Brightview.rg.
21. What d vlunteers at Brightview d?
A. Deliver takeut.B. Make drinks and tys.
C. Prvide cnsistent care.D. Guide peple in the right directin.
22. Accrding t this passage, wh is qualified fr the pst?
A. A cllege student wh wants t take a six-mnth gap.
B. A full-time husewife wh is sensitive t flu vaccines.
C A 50-year-ld self-emplyed persn wh is willing t wrk shifts.
D. An 18-year-ld high schl student wh wants t be a dctr in the future.
23. Which cde f cnduct shuld vlunteers fllw?
A. Avid using the Internet in the hspital.
B. Give patients persnal advice when cnfident.
C. Remve patients’ names when psting phts n scial media.
D. Cancel the registratin at least 7 days in advance if they cannt cme.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是关于在Brightview儿童研究医院做志愿者的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rles:部分“Prviding directins and assisting with drs.(指路并协助开门。)”可知，Brightview的志愿者引导人们走正确的方向。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Qualificatins:部分“Be at least 18 years f age and nt attending high schl.(年满18岁，未在上高中。)”，“Cmmit t at least eight cntinuus mnths f service, including cmpleting three r mre fur-hur shifts each mnth.(承诺至少连续服务8个月，包括每月完成3次或更多4小时轮班。)”可知，50岁，自雇人士，愿意轮班工作的人有资格担任这个职位。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Vlunteer Cde f Cnduct and Ethics:部分第一段的“Fr day-f-event rles, if yu cannt appear fr r cmplete the shift(s) yu registered fr, cancel yur registratin at least ne week prir t the scheduled rle r shift.(对于活动当天的角色安排，如果您无法出席或无法完成您已注册的值班（班次），请在预定的角色或值班开始前至少一周取消您的注册。)”可知，志愿者应该遵守的准则是如不能到场，请至少提前7天取消报名。故选D。
B
After the deadly hurricane in Octber, Taylr Schenker, wh lives in Cantn, Nrth Carlina, near hard-hit Asheville, went fr a walk with her friend t check ut the hmes destryed in the disaster.
“We spent abut fur hurs digging thrugh the mud, lking fr any belngings we culd find,” Schenker said. During the prcess, she fund sme phtgraphs that didn’t belng t them and laid them ut, hping they culd be reunited with their wners. Schenker said that thinking abut the phts she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained r the wind blew, the phts wuldn’t be able t be reunited with their families.
The next day, Schenker went back t cllect the phts and ended up finding mre — abut 200 f them — cntaining schl prtraits, birthday cards, and images f childhd friends and families n vacatin. She said it was clear that the phts belnged t multiple families, and she understd hw special such memries culd be t them.
Realizing hw many imprtant family memries she nw had in her pssessin, she created the Phts frm Helene page — a virtual lst-and-fund where peple culd recgnize and reclaim their phts. She hped peple wuld recgnize the phts n her page and that wrd f muth wuld help reunite them with their rightful wners.
Schenker tk the phts hme, cleaned them ff, and rganized them int flders and bins fr safekeeping until they culd be returned t their wners. Schenker mailed phts t peple wh were n lnger in the area, but she als hand-delivered thse that belnged t families wh still lived nearby. Each reunin served as a heartwarming reminder f the imprtance f her wrk.
In ne instance, Becky Tate and her daughter bth recgnized their phts n the nline page. Tate’s daughter, Nancy, cmmented that her mm was in tears when they made the discvery.
“The prcess is definitely fulfilling,” Schenker said. “It’s enjyable t witness the mment when a phtgraph is returned t its rightful wner, and t bserve peple in the cmments mentining each ther and sharing their thughts and saying, ‘Oh my gsh, yu just reminded me f this mment in my life that I had ttally frgtten abut.’”
She said she chse the name fr her page because mst f the phts they’ve seen cme ut f the hurricane shw the devastatin (破坏) left behind—but her Phts frm Helene are happy memries f Asheville and the lives there.
24. What can we knw abut the phts n Schenker’s page?
A. They were all prf f the hurricane.
B. They were seriusly damaged in the strm.
C. They were left behind by sme families n purpse.
D They were discvered in areas impacted by the hurricane.
25. Which sentence best expresses Schenker’s mtivatin fr her page?
A. “The hurricane destryed everything in its path.”
B. “I wanted t clean the phts and keep them as memries.”
C. “I realized hw imprtant these phts must be t smene.”
D. “It was just s sad t see s many phts spread and damaged.”
26. Why were Schenker’s actins imprtant after the hurricane?
A. They gave cmfrt t thse affected.
B. They inspired thers t vlunteer and help.
C. They prvided supplies t families in need.
D. They raised awareness f survivrs’struggles.
27. Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Schenker?
A. Curius.B. Caring.C. Ambitius.D. Adventurus.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了在北卡罗来纳州坎顿经历了一场致命飓风后，Taylr Schenker帮助寻找并归还受灾居民遗失的照片的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“After the deadly hurricane in Octber (10月那场致命的飓风过后)”和第二段““We spent abut fur hurs digging thrugh the mud, lking fr any belngings we culd find,” Schenker said. During the prcess, she fund sme phtgraphs that didn’t belng t them and laid them ut, hping they culd be reunited with their wners.(“我们花了大约四个小时在泥浆中挖掘，寻找我们能找到的任何东西，”Schenker说。在这个过程中，她发现了一些不属于它们的照片，并把它们放了出来，希望它们能和它们的主人团聚。)”可知，Schenker页面上的照片是在受飓风影响的地区被发现的。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“She said it was clear that the phts belnged t multiple families, and she understd hw special such memries culd be t them.(她说，很明显，这些照片属于多个家庭，她明白这样的记忆对他们来说有多特别。)”和第四段“She hped peple wuld recgnize the phts n her page and that wrd f muth wuld help reunite them with their rightful wners.(她希望人们能认出她页面上的照片，并希望口口相传能帮助它们与真正的主人团聚。)”可知，Schenker创建网页是因为她意识到那些照片对那些人很重要，所以最能表达她的目的的句子是““I realized hw imprtant these phts must be t smene.”(“我意识到这些照片对某人来说有多重要。”)”。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“Schenker mailed phts t peple wh were n lnger in the area, but she als hand-delivered thse that belnged t families wh still lived nearby. Each reunin served as a heartwarming reminder f the imprtance f her wrk.(Schenker把照片寄给那些已经不在这个地区的人，但她也亲手把那些仍然住在附近的家庭的照片寄给他们。每次团聚都温馨地提醒着她工作的重要性。)”可知，Schenker在飓风过后的行动如此重要是因为它们安慰那些受影响的人。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Schenker said that thinking abut the phts she had left behind kept her up that night. She was afraid that if it rained r the wind blew, the phts wuldn’t be able t be reunited with their families.(Schenker说，一想到她留下的照片，她那天晚上就睡不着觉。她担心如果下雨或刮风，这些照片就不能和家人团聚了。)”和第四段“Realizing hw many imprtant family memries she nw had in her pssessin, she created the Phts frm Helene page—a virtual lst-and-fund where peple culd recgnize and reclaim their phts.(意识到她现在拥有了多少重要的家庭记忆，她创建了“海伦的照片”页面——一个虚拟的失物招领处，人们可以在这里识别和收回他们的照片。)”可推知，Schenker是一个关心他人的人。故选B。
C
In recent research, my clleagues and I set ut t investigate the neural (神经的) mechanisms underlying experiences like slving challenging prblems. Specifically, we wanted t understand what happens in the brain while a persn engages in abstract and demanding thught — s we designed a study invlving math expertise.
Fr ur experiment, we selected 22 university students majring in mathematics, alng with 22 students frm ther disciplines. We asked the students t watch step-by-step presentatins that explained hw t slve several challenging math prblems. Thrughut this demnstratin, the students wre a cap cvered with electrdes (电极) s that we culd track electrical activity in their brains. After each presentatin, they had t reprt whether they thught they had understd the presentatins and hw engaged they felt during the experience.
We fund that students whse cursewrk invlved little mathematics shwed mre signs f cmplex activity in the prefrntal crtex (皮层), indicating hw hard they were wrking t understand the varius steps f the cmplex math demnstratins. Hwever, in the ther grup, we nted significant activity linking the frntal and parietal (顶骨) regins f their brain. Mre specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern f activity described as delta waves.
Sme recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial rle in the cgnitive (认知的) prcessing that supprts deep internal cncentratin and the relcatin f infrmatin between distant brain regins. In fact, we suspect that the lng-distance delta waves we bserved may play a central rle whenever peple engage in cntextual and cmplex prblem-slving. This suggests that engaging brain netwrks in this way culd be useful fr many tasks requiring cncentratin. It’s likely that when peple with extensive experience in a task are deeply engaged in that effrt, these same delta waves are invlved, even as the specific brain netwrks vary. It’s als pssible — thugh we’ll need t investigate further t be sure — that this state f deep cncentratin is generalizable: develping this way f thinking in ne dmain culd help yu in thers.
These findings suggest a trade-ff that peple shuld keep in mind—particularly as artificial intelligence and ther tls ffer shrtcuts fr varius frms f prblem-slving. Each time we fflad a prblem t a calculatr r ask Al t summarize an essay, we lse an pprtunity t imprve ur wn skills and practice deep cncentratin. T be clear, technlgies can bst ur efficiency in imprtant ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard wrk we d can be pwerful, t.
28. Based n the study results, hw d Math majrs prcess challenging math prblems differently frm nn-Math majrs?
A. They experience less engagement during prblem-slving tasks.
B. They use mre areas f their prefrntal crtex t slve prblems.
C. They display delta wave activity linking frntal and parietal regins.
D. They shw slwer verall brain activity during cmplex prblem-slving.
29. What des the underlined wrd “trade-ff” in the last paragraph prbably refer t?
A. Weighing shrt-term efficiency against lasting cgnitive benefits.
B. Chsing between immediate cnvenience and faster results.
C. Sacrificing technlgy’s advantage fr human cmpetitin.
D. Deciding between human effrt and advanced tls.
30. Which f the fllwing best summarizes the authr’s view n the rle f “inefficient” wrk?
A. It allws the brain t build skills that are transferable t ther tasks.
B. It wastes time and resurces cmpared t using technlgy.
C. It imprves engagement but has n cgnitive benefits.
D. It helps thse wh are gd at subjects like math.
31. What is the best title fr the passage?
A Which t Chse: Efficiency r Hard Wrk?
B. What Benefits Us Mre: AI Tls r Deep Cncentratin?
C. Emplying Cmplex Math Prblems t Enhance Delta Waves
D. Develping Expertise Imprves the Brain’s Ability t Cncentrate
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. A 31. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是研究者们对比了数学专业学生与非数学专业学生在观看并理解复杂数学问题解法的过程中大脑活动的差异。研究发现，缺乏数学背景的学生在理解过程中前额皮层表现出更复杂的活动，显示出他们为理解这些步骤所付出的努力。而数学专业的学生则展示了额叶和顶叶区域之间显著的活动联系，并且特别表现为一种称为delta波的大脑活动模式。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“We fund that students whse cursewrk invlved little mathematics shwed mre signs f cmplex activity in the prefrntal crtex (皮层), indicating hw hard they were wrking t understand the varius steps f the cmplex math demnstratins. Hwever, in the ther grup, we nted significant activity linking the frntal and parietal (顶骨) regins f their brain. Mre specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern f activity described as delta waves.(我们发现，那些课程中涉及数学较少的学生，在前额皮层表现出更多复杂活动的迹象，这表明他们在努力理解复杂数学演示的各个步骤时有多费劲。然而，在另一组学生中，我们注意到他们大脑的前额和顶骨区域之间有显著的活动联系。更具体地说，这些区域表现出一种被称为德尔塔波的活动模式)”可知，数学专业学生表现出连接前额和顶骨区域的德尔塔波活动。故选C。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Each time we fflad a prblem t a calculatr r ask Al t summarize an essay, we lse an pprtunity t imprve ur wn skills and practice deep cncentratin. T be clear, technlgies can bst ur efficiency in imprtant ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard wrk we d can be pwerful, t.(每次我们把一个问题交给计算器，或者让人工智能总结一篇文章，我们就失去了一个提高自己技能和练习深度专注的机会。需要明确的是，技术可以在重要方面提高我们的效率，但我们所做的看似“低效”的辛勤工作也可能是强大的)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“人们应该牢记一种权衡——尤其是人工智能和其他工具为各种形式的问题解决提供了捷径”，划线词trade-ff意为“权衡”，和“Weighing shrt-term efficiency against lasting cgnitive benefits”意思相近。故选A。
30题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s als pssible — thugh we’ll need t investigate further t be sure — that this state f deep cncentratin is generalizable: develping this way f thinking in ne dmain culd help yu in thers.(还有一种可能——尽管我们还需要进一步调查才能确定——这种深度集中的状态是可以推广的：在一个领域培养这种思维方式可能有助于你在其他领域也表现出色。)”和最后一段“T be clear, technlgies can bst ur efficiency in imprtant ways, but the seemingly “inefficient” hard wrk we d can be pwerful, t.(需要明确的是，技术可以在很多重要方面提高我们的效率，但我们所做的那些看似“低效”的艰苦工作同样具有强大的力量)”可知，最好地概括了作者对“低效”工作的作用的看法是它允许大脑建立可转移到其他任务的技能。故选A。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“We fund that students whse cursewrk invlved little mathematics shwed mre signs f cmplex activity in the prefrntal crtex (皮层), indicating hw hard they were wrking t understand the varius steps f the cmplex math demnstratins. Hwever, in the ther grup, we nted significant activity linking the frntal and parietal (顶骨) regins f their brain. Mre specifically, these areas exhibited a pattern f activity described as delta waves.(我们发现，那些课程中涉及数学较少的学生，在前额皮层表现出更多复杂活动的迹象，这表明他们在努力理解复杂数学演示的各个步骤时有多费劲。然而，在另一组学生中，我们注意到他们大脑的前额和顶骨区域之间有显著的活动联系。更具体地说，这些区域表现出一种被称为德尔塔波的活动模式)”和第四段“Sme recent research suggests that these delta waves may play a crucial rle in the cgnitive (认知的) prcessing that supprts deep internal cncentratin and the relcatin f infrmatin between distant brain regins.(最近的一些研究表明，这些德尔塔波可能在支持深层内部集中和远距离大脑区域之间信息重新定位的认知过程中起着至关重要的作用)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究者们对比了数学专业学生与非数学专业学生在观看并理解复杂数学问题解法的过程中大脑活动的差异。研究发现，缺乏数学背景的学生在理解过程中前额皮层表现出更复杂的活动，显示出他们为理解这些步骤所付出的努力。而数学专业的学生则展示了额叶和顶叶区域之间显著的活动联系，并且特别表现为一种称为delta波的大脑活动模式由此可知，“Develping Expertise Imprves the Brain’s Ability t Cncentrate(发展专业技能可以提高大脑集中注意力的能力)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
D
In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famus “Pisn Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers f unregulated (未经监管的) fd additives and raised public awareness abut the imprtance f knwing what was in the fd they cnsumed. Hwever, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that cmpanies in the U. S. began disclsing the ingredients inside the bxes, cans, and bags that lined grcery stre shelves.
Fast-frward t tday, and it’s hard t imagine walking thrugh a supermarket withut seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — anther essential marketplace in ur lives — we ften absrb vast amunts f digital infrmatin withut any understanding f its emtinal r mental “nutritinal value.” But what if every webpage came with a cntent label?
A study we cnducted, published tday in Nature Human Behavir, revealed that individuals with prer mental health tended t seek ut mre negative and frightening cntent nline. This, in turn, wrsened their symptms, creating a destructive cycle. T break this cycle, we intrduced cntent labels that prvided users with emtinal “nutritin infrmatin” abut the websites they were abut t visit. Wuld this webpage make yu feel better r wrse? Was it full f negativity, r was it likely t brighten yur md? When users were shwn these labels n the search engine results page, they were far less likely t click n negative cntent. As a result, this led t imprved md after brwsing (浏览).
Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that yu wuldn’t want peple t make decisins slely based n the emtinal tne f a website. Staying infrmed abut the wrld — despite the ptential fr sadness r anxiety — is ften essential. T address this, we develped a plugin that prvides users with nt nly labels abut a website’s emtinal tne but als scres indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability f the infrmatin t enhance understanding. These scres, displayed n the search engine results page, are calculated using a machine learning algrithm (运算法则) trained n thusands f human assessments.
Anne-Linda Camerini, a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health, pinted ut that while much f the fcus n mental health and technlgy has been n limiting screen time, the type f cntent we cnsume is just as critical. This shift culd transfrm the cnversatin arund mental health and technlgy. Instead f framing the Internet as inherently harmful, cntent labels ffer a way t create a healthier digital experience. Just as nutritin labels empwer peple t make better fd chices, cntent labels culd enable users t make smarter, healthier decisins nline.
32. What des the authr intend t d by mentining Harvey’s studies?
A. Make a cmparisn.B. Illustrate a pint.
C. Suggest an alternative.D. Challenge an assumptin.
33. Accrding t the passage, hw d cntent labels aim t create a healthier digital experience?
A. By encuraging users t avid the Internet altgether.
B. By shwing emtinal tne and website usefulness.
C. By training users t spend less time nline.
D. By restricting access t negative cntent.
34. What is the purpse f this passage?
A. T stress the necessity f categrizing webpages.
B. T suggest new slutins t mental health prblems.
C. T criticize scial media sites fr spreading negativity.
D. T highlight the imprtance f regulating nline cntent.
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了网站内容标签的作用以及重要性。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famus “Pisn Squad” experiment. His studies revealed the dangers f unregulated (未经监管) fd additives and raised public awareness abut the imprtance f knwing what was in the fd they cnsumed. Hwever, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that cmpanies in the U. S. began disclsing the ingredients inside the bxes, cans, and bags that lined grcery stre shelves.(20世纪初，一位名叫Harvey W. Wiley的美国化学家领导了著名的“毒药小队”实验。他的研究揭示了不受管制的食品添加剂的危险，并提高了公众对了解他们所食用的食品中含有什么的重要性的认识。然而，直到近90年后，美国的公司才开始披露杂货店货架上的盒子、罐子和袋子里的成分)”以及第二段“Fast-frward t tday, and it’s hard t imagine walking thrugh a supermarket withut seeing these labels. Yet, when we surf the Internet — anther essential marketplace in ur lives — we ften absrb vast amunts f digital infrmatin withut any understanding f its emtinal r mental “nutritinal value.” But what if every webpage came with a cntent label?(快进到今天，很难想象在超市里看不到这些标签。然而，当我们上网时——我们生活中另一个重要的市场，我们经常吸收大量的数字信息，却不了解其情感或精神上的“营养价值”。但是如果每个网页都有一个内容标签呢？)”可知，作者提到哈维的研究是为了说明论点。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Hwever, it’s imprtant t nte that yu wuldn’t want peple t make decisins slely based n the emtinal tne f a website. Staying infrmed abut the wrld — despite the ptential fr sadness r anxiety — is ften essential. T address this, we develped a plugin that prvides users with nt nly labels abut a website’s emtinal tne but als scres indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability f the infrmatin t enhance understanding.(然而，重要的是要注意，你不希望人们仅仅根据网站的情感基调来做决定。保持对世界的了解——尽管可能会感到悲伤或焦虑——通常是必不可少的。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一个插件，它不仅可以为用户提供关于网站情感基调的标签，还可以为用户提供分数，表明信息的实用性、有用性和能力，以增强他们的理解)”可知，内容标签通过展示情感基调和网站有用性创造更健康的数字体验。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet, when we surf the Internet — anther essential marketplace in ur lives — we ften absrb vast amunts f digital infrmatin withut any understanding f its emtinal r mental “nutritinal value.” But what if every webpage came with a cntent label?(然而，当我们上网时——我们生活中另一个重要的市场，我们经常吸收大量的数字信息，却不了解其情感或精神上的“营养价值”。但是如果每个网页都有一个内容标签呢？)”结合文章主要说明了网站内容标签的作用以及重要性。可知，这篇文章的目的是强调网页分类的必要性。故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What fd d yu lve? What fd d yu hate? If yu ask arund, yu’ll sn see there’s n right r wrng answer—it’s all a questin f taste. ____35____ Rather, scientists have discvered that taste is influenced by ur genes and DNA.
Our scientific understanding f taste began just 25 years ag with the discvery f taste receptrs—cells lcated n the tngue’s surface. ____36____ What tastes sweet t me might taste sur r salty t smene else, and this is because f differences in the receptrs we’re brn with. In ther wrds, taste is partly genetic.
Accrding t Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Mnell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started ding genetic studies, we really just limited urselves t lking at a few Eurpeans, peple f Eurpean ancestry. ____37____ We are bradening ur hrizns and studying peple f Asian and African ancestry, and that has really pened up the knwledge that peple are much mre diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter f pinin. ____38____”
But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what abut restaurant critics and wine cnnisseurs—peple whse jb is t tell us what t eat and drink? Are their pinins any better than ur wn? David Kermde, a wine judge fr the Internatinal Wine and Spirits Cmpetitin, admits that while scientists have shwn taste is largely individual and genetic, persnal taste remains subjective. “____39____ But they are encuraged t set thse prejudices aside.”
A. It’s a matter f bilgy.
B. It is actually the number-ne driver fr fd chice.
C. Hwever, individual taste experience is highly subjective.
D. But ur taste, it turns ut, isn’t simply a matter f pinin.
E. Peple all have their wn persnal prejudices in whatever aspect f life they want t g int.
F. And s, ur understanding f the brad diversity f humans n the planet was extremely limited.
G. Fr researchers in scial sciences, taste is a brader cncept related t traditin, gegraphy, culture, as well as scial relatins.
【答案】35. D 36. C 37. F 38. A 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是口味的个体差异及其影响因素。
【35题详解】
空前“If yu ask arund, yu’ll sn see there’s n right r wrng answer—it’s all a questin f taste.(如果你问问周围的人，你很快就会发现，这个问题没有绝对的对错——这完全取决于个人的口味。)”说明了喜欢或讨厌什么食物完全取决于个人的口味，空后“Rather, scientists have discvered that taste is influenced by ur genes and DNA.(相反，科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味。)”说明的是科学家已经发现，我们的基因和DNA会影响我们的口味，因此空格处要引起转折，D选项“But ur taste, it turns ut, isn’t simply a matter f pinin.(但事实证明，我们的口味并不是一个简单的观点问题。)”中的But表转折，说明口味并不是一个观点问题，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
【36题详解】
空后“What tastes sweet t me might taste sur r salty t smene else, and this is because f differences in the receptrs we’re brn with.(对我来说是甜的东西，对别人来说可能是酸的或咸的，这是因为我们天生的受体不同。)”说明同一种东西不同人的感觉是不同的，说明这很主观，C选项“Hwever, individual taste experience is highly subjective.(然而，个人的味觉体验是高度主观的。)”说明味觉是主观的，引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
【37题详解】
空前“When we first started ding genetic studies, we really just limited urselves t lking at a few Eurpeans, peple f Eurpean ancestry.(当我们刚开始进行遗传学研究时，我们真的只局限于研究少数欧洲人，即有欧洲血统的人。)”说明了刚开始我们进行遗传学研究时只局限于研究少数欧洲人，空格处应该说这么做会导致什么结果，F选项“And s, ur understanding f the brad diversity f humans n the planet was extremely limited.(因此，我们对地球上人类多样性的了解是非常有限的。)”说明了我们只研究少数欧洲人所导致的结果，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
【38题详解】
空前“Taste isn’t a matter f pinin.(口味不是主观臆断的问题。)”说明了口味不是主观臆断，空格处应该说口味是什么，A选项“It’s a matter f bilgy.(这是生物学的问题。)”中的it指代的是前面的Taste，说明了口味是生物学的问题，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
空前“David Kermde, a wine judge fr the Internatinal Wine and Spirits Cmpetitin, admits that while scientists have shwn taste is largely individual and genetic, persnal taste remains subjective.(Internatinal Wine and Spirits Cmpetitin的葡萄酒评委David Kermde承认，尽管科学家们已经证明，口味在很大程度上是个体和遗传的，但个人品味仍然是主观的。)”说明了个人品味是主观的，空格处应该说这主要体现在哪里，E选项“Peple all have their wn persnal prejudices in whatever aspect f life they want t g int.(人们在生活想要涉足的任何一个方面都会带有自己的个人偏见。)”说的是主观性的具体体现，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选E。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
At the airprt recently, I witnessed a mment f unexpected jy. A ne-year-ld by, still mastering his wbbly (摇晃的) first steps, tddled (蹒跚行走) with fierce determinatin, his little legs wrking hard t find balance. His mm, glwing with pride, shared that he had just started walking. Each time he fell, he sprang right back up — and smething beautiful happened. Strangers — yung and ld, frm every backgrund and crner f life — began cheering him n, united in encuragement fr this tiny explrer. In that brief mment, we came tgether t celebrate smething simple yet prfund: the beauty f prgress.
This gt me thinking: When did we stp cheering fr the “wbbles” in ur wn lives? When did we start treating every fall as a failure instead f an essential step frward? As adults, we ften lse sight f hw imprtant it is t celebrate small wins. We wait fr the big milestnes — a prmtin, a degree, r a majr achievement — befre we allw urselves (and thers) t feel wrthy f applause. But research shws that it’s the little victries, the everyday prgress, that drive mtivatin and lng-term success.
In their research n creativity and mtivatin, Harvard Business Schl prfessr Teresa Amabile and psychlgist Steven Kramer develped what they call The Prgress Principle. Their studies revealed that ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin isn’t achieving majr breakthrughs — it’s making cnsistent prgress, n matter hw small. Even seemingly minr accmplishments can cause a psitive emtinal respnse that bsts mtivatin and enhances perfrmance.
Small wins, Amabile explains, create an “upward prgressin.” Each little victry reinfrces ur belief that prgress is pssible, even when the final gal feels distant. The prblem is that, as adults, we ften dismiss small wins as insignificant. Instead f celebrating small mments f prgress, we fcus n hw far we still have t g, leaving us feeling stuck and unmtivated.
This brings us back t the tddler at the airprt. Every stumble (蹒跚) he made wasn’t met with criticism r a strict reminder f hw much mre he had t learn — it was met with cheers and encuragement. Imagine hw different ur lives might feel if we celebrated each ther, and urselves, the way we cheered fr that tddler: fr trying, fr wbbling, and fr getting back up.
40. What did the strangers at the airprt cme tgether t celebrate as the little by tried t walk?
________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Accrding t the authr, hw d adults ften treat small wins?
________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t The Prgress Principle, ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin is achieving majr breakthrughs.
________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Give ne example f yur real-life “wbbles”. (In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. The beauty f prgress.
41. Adults ften treat small wins as insignificant and dismiss them.
42. Accrding t The Prgress Principle, ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin is achieving majr breakthrughs.
Accrding t the passage, ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin isn’t achieving majr breakthrughs — it’s making cnsistent prgress, n matter hw small.
43. I had many difficulties learning t prgram initially. The cde keeps making mistakes, and every failure frustrates me. Hwever, instead f giving up, I kept trying, and slwly, I began t see prgress and was able t slve mre cmplex prblems.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲的是小胜利和日常进步对于维持动力和长期成功的重要性。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“In that brief mment, we came tgether t celebrate smething simple yet prfund: the beauty f prgress.(在那短暂的时刻，我们聚在一起庆祝一件简单而深刻的事情：进步之美。)”可知，当小男孩试着走路时，机场的陌生人聚在一起庆祝进步之美。故答案为The beauty f prgress.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“The prblem is that, as adults, we ften dismiss small wins as insignificant.(问题是，作为成年人，我们常常忽视小胜利的重要性，认为它们微不足道。)”可知，成年人常常把小的胜利视为无关紧要的事情而不予理会。故答案为Adults ften treat small wins as insignificant and dismiss them.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Their studies revealed that ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin isn’t achieving majr breakthrughs — it’s making cnsistent prgress, n matter hw small.(他们的研究表明，保持动力最重要的因素之一不是取得重大突破，而是不断取得进步，无论多么小。)”可知，错误的部分是“achieving majr breakthrughs”，因为保持动力最重要的因素之一不是取得重大突破，而是取得持续的进步，无论多么小。故答案为Accrding t The Prgress Principle, ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin is achieving majr breakthrughs. Accrding t the passage, ne f the mst significant factrs in sustaining mtivatin isn’t achieving majr breakthrughs — it’s making cnsistent prgress, n matter hw small.
【43题详解】
开放性题目。我现实生活中“蹒跚学步”的例子是我学习编程时一开始遇到了很多困难。代码总是出错，每次失败都让我感到沮丧。然而，我没有放弃，而是继续尝试，慢慢地，我开始看到进步，能够解决更复杂的问题。故答案为I had many difficulties learning t prgram initially. The cde keeps making mistakes, and every failure frustrates me. Hwever, instead f giving up, I kept trying, and slwly, I began t see prgress and was able t slve mre cmplex prblems.
第二节(20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim要组织一次主题为“A Message t Spring”的学生活动，发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1．活动内容；
2．你的理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Great t hear frm yu! Here’s an idea fr yur activity: a flwer seed-planting event.
Start by inviting a lcal farmer t give a shrt talk n basic gardening techniques. Afterward, prvide participants with flwer seeds and schedule a day t plant them in a designated area n campus. T make it meaningful, give each student a card titled “A Message t Spring,” where they can write dwn their persnal gals fr the upcming seasn.
This activity is bth fun and symblic. The flwers will pen in spring, brightening the campus, while the act f planting seeds represents hpe and persnal grwth. It’s a wnderful way t cnnect persnal develpment with the seasn f renewal.
Hpe this helps, and gd luck with yur activity.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，给他提出主题为“A Message t Spring”的学生活动的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
提供：prvide→supply
有意义的：meaningful→significative
即将到来的：upcming→frthcming
连接：cnnect→link
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It’s a wnderful way t cnnect persnal develpment with the seasn f renewal.
拓展句：It’s a wnderful way in which yu can cnnect persnal develpment with the seasn f renewal.
【点睛】[高分句型1] T make it meaningful, give each student a card titled “A Message t Spring,” where they can write dwn their persnal gals fr the upcming seasn. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句和过去分词作后置定语)
[高分句型2] The flwers will pen in spring, brightening the campus, while the act f planting seeds represents hpe and persnal grwth. (运用了现在分词作状语)