北京市石景山区2025届高三下学期一模考试 英语 含解析

这是一份北京市石景山区2025届高三下学期一模考试 英语 含解析，共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文、掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
As a student planning t study management, I realised that classrm alne wuldn’t be enugh t fully prepare me fr the challenges frm the wrld. Eager t gain market-related experience befre university, I stepped int the wrld f ____1____ this summer.
I nticed a prblem in my cmmunity: the electricity supply was nt ____2____, ften being insufficient and leading t frequent pwer cuts that affected daily life. This created a clear need fr a charging statin, s I decided t pen ne t ____3____ the issue. What started as a way t prepare myself fr cllege quickly turned int a meaningful prject, shaping my understanding f hw business can nt nly ____4____ practical needs but als make a lasting impact in a cmmunity.
The respnse t my business was ____5____. On the first three days alne, I made $406.Thai initial success was mre than just encuraging — it was ____6____ that I was slving a real prblem and that the market was there fr my services. Seeing peple stream int the centre, grateful fr the charging service, ____7____ my belief that business is abut addressing needs and serving thers.
The jurney f starting this business was nt withut challenges. When I needed ____8____ t start the business, I negtiated with my relatives t give me tw cws, which I then sld t raise funds. I als drew n technical skills t handle the electrical wrk myself, which ____9____ my startup csts. Tday, the charging center is alive with activities.
The skills I’ve acquired will certainly serve me well as l begin my university jurney. Lking back, I can see hw these _____10_____ lessns have set a stage fr the future.
1. A. medicineB. literatureC. businessD. science
2. A. reliableB. privateC. affrdableD. renewable
3. A. discussB. raiseC. reprtD. address
4. A. prmteB. replaceC. meetD. guide
5. A. disappintingB. incredibleC. strangeD. embarrassing
6. A. prfB. dubtC. hpeD. fear
7. A. cnfusedB. challengedC. cnfirmedD. changed
8. A. incmeB. capitalC. priceD. prfit
9. A. estimatedB. prvidedC. dubledD. reduced
10. A. practicalB. classicC. familiarD. cultural
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了在大学前积累市场相关经验，开始创业经营充电站的过程和感悟。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：渴望在大学前获得与市场相关的经验，今年夏天我踏入了商业世界。A. medicine医学；B. literature文学；C. business商业；D. science科学。根据上文“Eager t gain market-related experience”可知，作者想要获得与市场相关的经验，因此踏入了商业世界。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我注意到我的社区存在一个问题：电力供应不可靠，经常不足，导致频繁停电，影响日常生活。A. reliable可靠的；B. private私人的；C. affrdable负担得起的；D. renewable可再生的。根据下文“ften being insufficient and leading t frequent pwer cuts”可知，电力供应不足，导致频繁停电，说明电力供应不可靠。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这产生了对充电站的明显需求，所以我决定开设一个来解决这个问题。A. discuss讨论；B. raise提高；C. reprt报告；D. address解决。根据上文“This created a clear need fr a charging statin”可知，社区需要充电站，所以作者决定开设一个来解决这个问题。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个最初只是为了为大学做准备的项目，很快变成了一个有意义的项目，塑造了我对商业如何不仅能满足实际需求，还能在社区中产生持久影响的理解。A. prmte促进；B. replace替换；C. meet满足；D. guide指导。根据下文“practical needs”可知，此处指满足实际需求。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的生意反响令人难以置信。A. disappinting令人失望的；B. incredible难以置信的；C. strange奇怪的；D. embarrassing尴尬的。根据下文“On the first three days alne, I made $406.”可知，作者三天就赚了406美元，说明生意反响令人难以置信。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一初步的成功不仅仅是鼓舞人心的——它证明了我正在解决一个真正的问题，而且我的服务有市场。A. prf证明；B. dubt怀疑；C. hpe希望；D. fear恐惧。根据下文“that I was slving a real prblem and that the market was there fr my services”可知，作者的生意成功证明了他正在解决一个真正的问题，而且他的服务有市场。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到人们涌入中心，对充电服务表示感谢，这证实了我的信念：商业就是满足需求，为他人服务。A. cnfused使困惑；B. challenged挑战；C. cnfirmed证实；D. changed改变。根据下文“my belief that business is abut addressing needs and serving thers”可知，人们的反应证实了作者对商业的信念。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我需要资金来创业时，我与亲戚谈判，让他们给我两头牛，然后我把牛卖掉来筹集资金。A. incme收入；B. capital资金；C. price价格；D. prfit利润。根据下文“which I then sld t raise funds”可知，作者卖掉牛来筹集资金，说明他创业时需要资金。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我还利用技术技能自己处理电工工作，这降低了我的创业成本。A. estimated估计；B. prvided提供；C. dubled加倍；D. reduced减少。根据上文“I als drew n technical skills t handle the electrical wrk myself”可知，作者自己处理电工工作，这降低了他的创业成本。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回顾过去，我可以看到这些实践课程如何为未来奠定了基础。A. practical实际的；B. classic经典的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文作者创业的经历可知，作者从中学到了实际的经验，这些实践课程为他的未来奠定了基础。故选A。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Released in 2023, DeepSeek is ____11____ pen-surce artificial intelligence system. Users can dwnlad, change and even run it lcally ____12____ (satisfy) their specific technical requirements. Its latest mdel, V3.5, delivers exceptinal perfrmance in reasning, text generatin, and data analysis tasks. Many users are chsing DeepSeek nt nly fr its pwerful features but als fr its ____13____ (lw) csts cmpared t any ther ptin n the market.
【答案】11. an 12. t satisfy
13. lwer
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了2023年发布的开源人工智能系统DeepSeek。
【11题详解】
考查冠词。句意：DeepSeek是2023年发布的一款开源人工智能系统。system为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且pen-surce发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：用户可以下载、修改甚至在本地运行它，以满足其特定的技术需求。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填t satisfy。
【13题详解】
考查比较级。句意：许多用户选择DeepSeek，不仅因为其功能强大，而且与市场上其他选项相比，它的成本更低。根据下文的“cmpared t any ther ptin n the market”可知，是将 DeepSeek 与市场上的其他选择进行比较，所以要用形容词的比较级“lwer”，表示“更低的”，作定语，修饰名词csts。故填lwer。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The first public htline, ____14____ is a tl fr enhancing citizen participatin and imprving city management, started in Lndn in 1937. In China, the gvernment htline ____15____ (launch) in big cities during the 1980s and later imprved t be a citizen service platfrm in 2019. Nw, in Beijing, mre than 1,700 peratrs deal with ver 60,000 calls each day. This system ____16____ (prmte) interactin between citizens and the city, ____17____ (respnd) t their appeals and making the city a better place.
【答案】14. which
15. was launched
16. prmtes
17. respnding
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了公共热线的起源及其在中国的发展。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：第一条公共热线于1937年在伦敦开通，是加强公民参与和改善城市管理的工具。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The first public htline，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在中国，政府热线于20世纪80年代在大城市推出，后来在2019年改进为公民服务平台。根据时间状语during the 1980s可知，句子使用一般过去时，launch与主语the gvernment htline 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语是the gvernment htline ，be动词使用was。故填was launched。
【16题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该系统促进了公民与城市之间的互动，回应了他们的诉求，使城市变得更美好。句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语This system是单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填prmtes。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统促进了公民与城市之间的互动，回应了他们的诉求，使城市变得更美好。空处作非谓语动词，respnd与逻辑主语This system之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填respnding。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scrlling thrugh the phne, Zhang Yang nticed Chngqing subway-thrugh-building vides were gaining massive attentin. Curius, he searched the data and fund that the freign turist arrivals ____18____ (keep) rising steadily even befre these vides OSS surfaced. ____19____ (inspire) by this upward trend, he jined a travel startup and set abut designing persnalised cultural trips. As a result, his ____20____ (bking) have dubled these days, prving that such trips are attracting mre freign travelers than crwded turist spts when they lk fr meaningful cnnectins with lcal culture.
【答案】18. had kept
19. Inspired
20. bkings
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了张阳观察到重庆地铁穿楼视频走红，发现外国游客数量持续增长，因此加入旅游创业公司的小故事。
【18题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：出于好奇，他查阅数据后发现，在这些视频走红之前，外国游客数量一直在稳步上升。句中第一个that到句末是宾语从句，空处需要填入的是宾语从句的谓语动词。又根据宾语从句中的时间状语“even befre these vides surfaced”可知，时间状从中使用了一般过去时surfaced，空处要填的动作发生于该动作之前，表示过去的过去，应使用过去完成时。故填had kept。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受到这一上升趋势的启发，他加入一家旅游创业公司，开始设计个性化的文化旅行项目。句中有并列的谓语jined和set abut，空处应填入非谓语动词。句子主语he与动词inspire之间是被动关系，表示“他被趋势所启发”，需用过去分词作原因状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Inspired。
【20题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：因此，近日他的预订量翻倍，证明这类旅行在外国游客寻求与当地文化有意义的连接时，比拥挤的景点更具吸引力。根据谓语动词have dubled可知，主语应为复数名词，且bking指“预订量”时通常用复数形式bkings。故填bkings。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The AI Schlars Prgramme (AISP) ffers high schl students wrldwide a fur-week, n-campus experience in artificial intelligence (AI) at Westbridge Technlgy University (WTU), cnnecting them with leading AI researchers. This fully-funded prgramme cvers curse fees, husing and prgramme-related field trips.
Curse Plan
A virtual Pythn preparatin curse begins ne mnth prir t the start f the campus prgramme. Cding experience is nt required, and instructr supprt will be available fr all students.
Cre academic mdules include lectures n using AI fairly and safely, alng with in-depth seminars led by WTU teaching staff that explre current AI research prjects. Students will apply newly acquired AI skills t real-wrld challenges in a hands-n grup prject, which will be presented at the AISP clsing ceremny.
Site visits with industry leaders are als included t explre emerging career paths in the AI field, alng with academic writing wrkshps fr cllege applicatin.
Applicatin Requirements
Students applying fr AISP must be at least 16 years ld. The cmplete applicatin fr AISP will cnsist f：
an nline applicatin frm;
fficial high schl recrds f academic perfrmance and extra-curricular activities;
a persnal statement demnstrating curisity in AI research and cmmitment t scially respnsible innvatin.
Applicants are strngly encuraged t submit a ne-page maximum summary f the research prpsal, clarifying hw the prject uses AI, its imprtance and intended utcmes. This will prvide valuable infrmatin abut the applicant’s research ptential, technical skills, and ability t plan and cmmunicate their research gals.
Applicatins f 2025 prgramme clse n April 15, 2025, with interviews cnducted thrugh May. Click here t start yur applicatin.
21. What is the main purpse f the AISP?
A. T engage students in AI explratin.
B. T advcate cperatin in AI research.
C. T prvide career guidance in AI industry.
D. T prmte the principles f AI applicatins.
22. What can students learn frm the prgramme?
A. Academic writing n AI develpment.
B. Ways t write an AI research prpsal.
C. AI skills fr slving prblems in reality.
D. Advanced maths and physics with AI fcus.
23. T be cnsidered fr the prgramme, students shuld .
A. pay the tuitin fees in advance
B. uplad a recmmendatin letter
C. submit an nline applicatin frm in May
D. prvide schl recrds and a persnal statement
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了西桥科技大学的 AI 学者项目，含课程计划、申请要求，旨在让高中生体验 AI，项目全资助，2025 年 4 月 15 日截止申请 。
21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The AI Schlars Prgramme (AISP) ffers high schl students wrldwide a fur-week, n-campus experience in artificial intelligence (AI) at Westbridge Technlgy University (WTU), cnnecting them with leading AI researchers.(人工学者项目（AISP）为全球高中生提供为期四周的Westbridge Technlgy University（WTU）人工智能校园体验，将他们与领先的AI研究人员联系起来)”可知，整个项目围绕让学生体验和探索 AI 展开，其主要目的是让学生参与到AI 探索中。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Curse Plan部分“Students will apply newly acquired AI skills t real-wrld challenges in a hands-n grup prject, which will be presented at the AISP clsing ceremny.(学生将在AISP闭幕式上展示的实践小组项目中，将新获得的人工智能技能应用于现实世界的挑战)”可知，学生们将在一个实际操作的小组项目中，把新学到的人工智能技能应用到现实世界的挑战中，这表明学生可以从该项目中学到用于解决现实问题的 AI 技能。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Applicatin Requirements部分“The cmplete applicatin fr AISP will cnsist f: an nline applicatin frm; fficial high schl recrds f academic perfrmance and extra-curricular activities; a persnal statement demnstrating curisity in AI research and cmmitment t scially respnsible innvatin.(申请AISP的学生必须年满16岁。AISP的完整申请将包括：在线申请表；官方高中学业成绩和课外活动记录；一份个人陈述，展示了对人工智能研究的好奇心和对社会责任创新的承诺)”可知，要申请该项目，学生应该提供学校记录和个人陈述。故选D项。
B
In my early frties, I began painting with waterclurs. Each brushstrke n paper turned int a persnal language, allwing me t express the inexpressible. The feeling f clur being absrbed int the paper was calming, yet it left me lnging fr smething deeper. Over time, I became mre interested in il paints. Althugh they tk lnger t dry, they ffered me a sense f cntrl. Layers f paints cmbined smthly, creating a three-dimensinal effect that waterclurs culdn’t cpy. Oil paints granted me the precius pprtunity t take a few steps back, as if I were a curius explrer appraching a hidden landscape.
Hwever, wrking with il paints wasn’t easy. Getting the right shine r thickness required patience, and at times, I felt annyed by my lack f prgress. Clurs didn’t always behave as expected, and I struggled t achieve the visin in my mind. But the mre I persisted, the mre I understd il paints. They balanced sftness with depth, giving me the chance t create bth delicate and grand images. The prcess f painting became reflective, a practice f explring clurs, textures (纹理) and emtins — smetimes rugh, smetimes peaceful, but always rewarding.
One evening, I nticed a strange shade f blue n my canvas (画布). It seemed ut f place, as if it didn’t belng. My heart skipped a beat, and I stared at it, uncertain if it was part f my recent wrk r a trick f the eye. As I stepped back t examine the canvas, the blue shade slwly began t make sense. It was nt an errr but an invitatin — an unplanned element that added depth t the piece in a way I hadn’t expected. At that mment, I realised that painting, much like life, was nt abut cmplete cntrl but abut embracing the unexpected.
Frm then n, I apprached my wrk with a new sense f curisity. I let clurs blend mre freely, allwed accidental mistakes t becme part f the cmpsitin, and accepted that every brushstrke carried its wn stry. Oil painting nt nly gave me a medium t express myself but als taught me patience, resilience, and the beauty f discvery.
Lking at my finished wrk, I n lnger saw just layers f paints. I saw mments f struggle, jy, and grwth wven int the canvas — a reminder that art, like any, is as much abut the prcess as it is abut the final masterpiece.
24. Why did the authr turn t il paints?
A. T enhance creativity.B. T save painting time.
C. T seek deeper artistic cntrl.D. T imprve painting skills.
25. What challenge did the authr face when wrking with il paints?
A. Balancing sftness and sharpness.B. Creating a three-dimensinal effect.
C. Achieving the right shine and thickness.D. Cntrlling the drying time f the paints.
26. What message des the authr want t cnvey?
A. Art is a jurney f welcming imperfectins.
B. A gd picture is wrth a thusand wrds.
C. Beauty is the ultimate gal f fine art.
D. Creating is abut explring ideal self.
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者从水彩画转向油画的过程，以及在油画创作中所遇到的挑战和感悟。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Over time, I became mre interested in il paints. Althugh they tk lnger t dry, they ffered me a sense f cntrl.(随着时间的推移，我对油画越来越感兴趣。虽然它们需要更长的时间来干燥，但它们给了我一种控制感。)”可知，作者转向油画是因为油画给了作者一种控制感，也就是让作者能寻求更深层次的艺术控制。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Hwever, wrking with il paints wasn’t easy. Getting the right shine r thickness required patience, and at times, I felt annyed by my lack f prgress.(然而，用油画颜料作画并不容易。要想获得合适的光泽度或厚度，需要耐心，有时，我因为缺乏进展而感到恼火。)”可知，作者在使用油画颜料时面临的挑战是达到合适的光泽度和厚度。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“At that mment, I realised that painting, much like life, was nt abut cmplete cntrl but abut embracing the unexpected.(那一刻，我意识到，绘画就像生活一样，不是关于完全的控制，而是关于接受意想不到的事情。)”和最后一段“Lking at my finished wrk, I n lnger saw just layers f paints. I saw mments f struggle, jy, and grwth wven int the canvas — a reminder that art, like any, is as much abut the prcess as it is abut the final masterpiece.(看着我完成的作品，我不再只是看到一层层的颜料。我看到了挣扎、喜悦和成长的瞬间交织在画布上——这提醒我们，艺术和其他任何事物一样，既关乎过程，也关乎最终的杰作。)”可知，作者想要传达的信息是艺术是一场接纳不完美的旅程。故选A。
C
Researchers frm the NeurMind Institute have develped a new system that uses predatr (捕食者) rbts t chase (追逐) larval (幼体的) zebrafish in an pen water. This innvative apprach is helping scientists study hw the yung fish rapidly learn and adapt in real-wrld cnditins.
Larval zebrafish are a valuable tl fr neurscientists because their transparency enables easy study f the brain and behaviur. Hwever, it’s been difficult fr scientists t study learning in these develping vertebrates (脊椎动物) — an imprtant part f understanding hw the brain wrks. Previus research fund yung zebrafish culd learn simple assciatins. But this type f learning happens slwly and ften unreliably, and it was still unclear whether days-ld zebrafish can learn fast enugh t use their memry in natural situatins, like recgnizing and aviding new predatrs.
The researchers thught that traditinal ways f testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the cnditins were far frm what the fish wuld encunter in the wild, might nt be effective fr uncvering hw the fish learn. T mdel a real-life situatin, the researchers used small rbtic cylinders (圆柱体), with sme prgrammed t shw predatr-like characteristics.
The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a rbt that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the rbt chased the fish fr a minute, the fish began aviding the rbt’s area fr mre than an hur — a big change frm the nn-avidant behaviur befre the chase experience. When a secnd rbt was intrduced that did nt chase the fish, the zebrafish nly avided the chasing rbt, shwing that they culd distinguish between a threat and a nn-threat.
Using this system, the researchers made an unexpected discvery that nt nly culd larval zebrafish learn extremely quickly in a mre natural cntext, but they culd als d s just five days after beginning their lives as single cells. This was particularly surprising given the fact that a develping zebrafish larva cntains just ne percent r s f the neurns (神经元) in its adult frm. The findings suggest that sme essential learning abilities, like recgnizing predatrs, emerge early in life and are critical fr survival.
Further brain imaging reveals that different regins f the zebrafish brain are invlved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a regin cntrlling essential functins, respnds t the appraching predatr; the frebrain, a regin assciated with learning and planning, encdes the presence f the predatr rbt; and the habenula, anther brain area, signals avidance utcmes. All these regins are necessary fr learning, and silencing any f them remves the ability f the fish t learn. It is believed that the new wrk culd ffer insights int hw ther brains prcess real-wrld threats.
27. Why did the researchers develp a new system with larval zebrafish?
A. T bserve their hunting behaviurs.B. T identify their simple assciatins.
C. T examine their brain characteristics.D. T uncver their learning in natural settings.
28. What des the underlined wrd “dynamics” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Interactin.B. Functin.C. Structure.D. Standard.
29. What can we learn abut larval zebrafish?
A. They can distinguish between rbts and fish.
B. They learn fast thrugh a multi-reginal brain netwrk.
C. They develp learning abilities when reaching adulthd.
D. They can recgnise predatrs with much neurns needed.
30. What will the authr mst prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. Explaining the rbt design used in the experiment.
B. Explring danger prcessing in ther species’ brains.
C. Analysing the cnnectin between learning and planning.
D. Describing zebrafish behaviurs in different surrundings.
【答案】27 D 28. A 29. B 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员用捕食者机器人追逐幼体斑马鱼来研究其学习能力，发现其能快速学习，且多脑区参与，或可启示其他大脑。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers thught that traditinal ways f testing learning in larval zebrafish in the lab, where the cnditins were far frm what the fish wuld encunter in the wild, might nt be effective fr uncvering hw the fish learn. T mdel a real-life situatin, the researchers used small rbtic cylinders (圆柱体), with sme prgrammed t shw predatr-like characteristics.(研究人员认为，在实验室中测试斑马鱼幼虫学习的传统方法可能无法有效揭示鱼类的学习方式，因为那里的条件与野生斑马鱼的情况相去甚远。为了模拟现实生活中的情况，研究人员使用了小型机器人圆柱体，其中一些被编程为显示捕食者般的特征)”可推知，研究人员开发新系统是为了揭示幼体斑马鱼在自然环境中的学习情况，因为传统在实验室的测试方法难以揭示它们在自然情况下的学习方式。故选D项。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“The researchers created the dynamics: they first placed a rbt that stayed still with a free-swimming zebrafish; after the rbt chased the fish fr a minute, the fish began aviding the rbt’s area fr mre than an hur — a big change frm the nn-avidant behaviur befre the chase experience. When a secnd rbt was intrduced that did nt chase the fish, the zebrafish nly avided the chasing rbt, shwing that they culd distinguish between a threat and a nn-threat.(研究人员创造了dynamics：他们首先将一个静止的机器人放在一条自由游动的斑马鱼身上；在机器人追逐鱼一分钟后，鱼开始避开机器人的区域一个多小时，这与追逐体验前的非回避行为相比发生了很大变化。当引入第二个不追逐鱼的机器人时，斑马鱼只是避开了追逐的机器人，表明它们可以区分威胁和非威胁)”可知，研究人员创造了这种dynamics，后面描述了机器人和斑马鱼之间的互动过程，所以dynamics在这里指的是机器人和斑马鱼之间的“互动”，与Interactin意义相近。故选A项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Further brain imaging reveals that different regins f the zebrafish brain are invlved in this rapid learning: the hindbrain, a regin cntrlling essential functins, respnds t the appraching predatr; the frebrain, a regin assciated with learning and planning, encdes the presence f the predatr rbt; and the habenula, anther brain area, signals avidance utcmes. All these regins are necessary fr learning, and silencing any f them remves the ability f the fish t learn.(进一步的脑成像显示，斑马鱼大脑的不同区域参与了这种快速学习：后脑是一个控制基本功能的区域，对接近的捕食者做出反应；前脑是一个与学习和规划相关的区域，对捕食者机器人的存在进行编码；缰核是另一个大脑区域，它发出回避结果的信号。所有这些区域都是学习所必需的，沉默其中任何一个区域都会剥夺鱼的学习能力)”可知，幼体斑马鱼的后脑、前脑和缰核等不同脑区都参与了这种快速学习，它们通过一个多脑区的网络快速学习。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is believed that the new wrk culd ffer insights int hw ther brains prcess real-wrld threats.(据信，这项新工作可以为其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解)”可知，这项新工作可能会为了解其他大脑如何处理现实世界的威胁提供见解。由此推知，接下来作者最有可能讨论的是探索其他物种大脑中对危险的处理情况。故选B项。
D
The mn stands alne. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harburs little except what we bring t it. But that is abut t change.
Half a century after the Apll prgramme, a private spacecraft Nva-C made the first tuchdwn n the mn successfully, bearing scientific instruments, micrfiche (微缩胶片) stry disks, cameras, and sculptures t stay n the mn frever. Its success wuld prmise many mre. Thugh it may seem like an exciting utlk fr humanity’s space explratin ambitins, it als signals a future where the mn becmes a htbed f ungverned business peratins that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transfrm it.
Fr the first time, private capital has reached the mn, expanding beynd scientific gals. This allws private landers, even when carrying gvernment science experiments, t include additinal nn-scientific paylads (有酬负载) fr ther custmers. Items bund t raise varius bjectins, such as human cremains (骨灰) and dehydrated water bears frm past missins, have caused cncerns abut bilgical materials n the mn. There’re a lt mre planned fr future launches, likely sparking further debate.
Befre this decade is ut, with a pwerful enugh telescpe, yu may be able t see evidence f human cnstructin r even habitatin n the mn. In 2023, the glbal space industry was valued at $469 billin, expected t exceed $1 trillin by 2030, driven by grwing satellite use in manufacturing, pwer, and data. “We are nw at a tipping pint, where ideas previusly limited t science fictin represent attractive investment prjects,” a reprt read.
A vluntary agreement has been used since 2020 t fster lunar cperatin. It prmtes internatinal standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. Hwever, it als allws fr expliting (开采) lunar resurces like dust, water, rare earth elements and ther materials.
Explring the mn has value fr science and ptential benefits fr Earth but humans ften turn explratin int explitatin, and the mn may face the same fate. The mn wn’t be alne fr lng. But it is and will frever be quiet. It plays hst t n thunderstrms, n crashing waves, n bird sngs and n anthems (国歌). We must be its vice. We will sn change its surface, and ur relatinship t it, frever. At the very least, we we the mn a cnsidered discussin f why and hw we will d s.
31. What is the authr’s cncern abut the mn’s future?
A. Unregulated cmmercial activities.B. Illegal human cnstructin.
C. Limited paylad carried t the mn.D. A lack f scientific missins.
32. The “tipping pint” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change .
A. frm cperatin t cmpetitinB. frm science t trade
C. frm lunar landing t settlementD. frm fantasy t adventure
33. What can we infer frm this passage?
A. Lunar resurce explratin hlds great prmise.
B. Massive investment is beneficial t lunar develpment.
C. Nn-scientific activities can test lunar envirnmental limits.
D. The existing agreement is insufficient in cntrlling ver-explitatin.
34. What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. The Prmising Mn: Playgrund fr All
B. The Mn’s Edge: Ambitin Meets Reality
C. The Mn’s Future: Uncver the Unknwn
D. The Silent Mn: Humanity’s Respnsibility
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担忧月球面临过度开发，强调人类对月球负有责任。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Thugh it may seem like an exciting utlk fr humanity’s space explratin ambitins, it als signals a future where the mn becmes a htbed f ungverned business peratins that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transfrm it.(尽管这似乎是人类太空探索野心的一个令人兴奋的前景，但它也预示着未来月球将成为不受控制的商业活动的温床，这将不可逆转地改变它)”可知，作者担心的是月球未来会成为不受监管的商业活动的温床，即未受规范的商业活动。故选A。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Fr the first time, private capital has reached the mn, expanding beynd scientific gals. This allws private landers, even when carrying gvernment science experiments, t include additinal nn-scientific paylads (有酬负载) fr ther custmers.(私人资本首次登上月球，超越了科学目标。这使得私人着陆器，即使在携带政府科学实验时，也可以为其他客户提供额外的非科学有酬负载)”以及第四段“‘We are nw at a tipping pint, where ideas previusly limited t science fictin represent attractive investment prjects,’ a reprt read.(我们现在正处于一个转折点，以前仅限于科幻小说的想法代表了有吸引力的投资项目)”可知，私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，以前科幻小说里的想法现在成为了有吸引力的投资项目，因此tipping pint指的是从科学到贸易的转变。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“A vluntary agreement has been used since 2020 t fster lunar cperatin. It prmtes internatinal standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. Hwever, it als allws fr expliting (开采) lunar resurces like dust, water, rare earth elements and ther materials.(自2020年以来，一项自愿协议一直被用来促进月球合作。它促进了国际标准、紧急援助和数据共享。然而，它也允许开采月球资源，如灰尘、水、稀土元素和其他材料)”可知，现有协议虽然促进合作等，但也允许开采月球资源，可推知它在控制过度开采方面是不足的。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“The mn stands alne. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harburs little except what we bring t it.(月亮孤零零地待着。它是宇宙中独一无二的，是一片没有生命、被阳光晒得黝黑的荒地，除了我们带给它的东西外，几乎什么都没有)”、最后一段“The mn wn’t be alne fr lng. But it is and will frever be quiet. It plays hst t n thunderstrms, n crashing waves, n bird sngs and n anthems (国歌). We must be its vice. We will sn change its surface, and ur relatinship t it, frever. At the very least, we we the mn a cnsidered discussin f why and hw we will d s.(月亮不会孤单太久。但它现在是，也将永远是安静的。它没有雷雨，没有巨浪，没有鸟鸣，没有国歌。我们必须成为它的声音。我们很快就会永远改变它的表面，以及我们与它的关系。至少，我们欠月球一个深思熟虑的讨论，为什么以及如何这样做)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了随着私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担心月球面临过度开发等问题，强调人类要对月球负责。D项“寂静的月球：人类的责任” 符合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain Mre Strngly
Pain perceptin (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same persn acrss different situatins. In sme cases, an injury r physical illness may lead t strnger pain than expected, while similar injuries at ther times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perceptin is nt entirely determined by the physical injury itself. ____35____
____36____ One is the Estimate Hypthesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity f pain based n predictins it makes abut the injury. The ther is the Surprise Hypthesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually ccurred. This difference, als knwn as the predictin gap, plays a key rle in shaping hw pain is experienced. ____37____ Healthy participants were subjected t painful ht-based stimuli (刺激), while bserving visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either assciated with painful r nn-painful experiences. Participants were then asked t reprt their pain intensity.
The researchers discvered that pain perceptin becmes mre intense as the predictin gap widens. This phenmenn ccurs when the actual pain is much strnger than the brain’s expectatins. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perceptin when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. ____38____ It prvides a mre accurate framewrk fr understanding hw the brain prcesses pain. The study als revealed that unexpected events tend t increase pain, supprting the idea that the difference between expectatin and reality causes pain t feel wrse.
Individuals with persistent pain ften experience uncertain fears and anxieties abut their cnditin. This mismatch between their expectatins and the actual experience f pain can further strengthen hw strngly they perceive the pain. ____39____ Gaining deeper insights int hw the brain prcesses pain culd als cntribute t the develpment f mre effective treatments, ultimately imprving recvery frm persistent pain.
A. This evidence supprts the Surprise Hypthesis.
B. It is als strngly influenced by individual expectatins.
C. In this study, hw the brain perceives pain was examined.
D. In cntrast, the gap will determine the intensity f the pain ne feels.
E. T explain this phenmenn, a new study has intrduced tw main assumptins.
F. The findings highlight the imprtance f psychlgical factrs in pain management.
G Narrwing this gap between expectatin and reality may play a key rle in reducing pain.
【答案】35. B 36. E 37. C 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章探讨了大脑如何感知疼痛，特别是预期与实际疼痛之间的差异对疼痛感知的影响，并提出缩小这种差异可能有助于减轻疼痛。
【35题详解】
根据上文“This difference suggests that pain perceptin is nt entirely determined by the physical injury itself.(这种差异表明，疼痛感知并不完全由身体伤害本身决定。)”可知，上文说明疼痛感知受到其他因素的影响，空处应该对此进行解释说明。选项B“它也受到个人期望的强烈影响”正好解释了除了身体伤害，疼痛感知还受到个人期望的影响，符合语境。故选B。
【36题详解】
根据下文“One is the Estimate Hypthesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity f pain based n predictins it makes abut the injury. The ther is the Surprise Hypthesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually ccurred.(一个是估计假说，该假说认为大脑会根据对伤害的预测来估计疼痛的强度。另一个是惊喜假说，该假说认为大脑感受到的疼痛是预期与实际发生之间的差异。)”可知，下文两个关于大脑如何感知疼痛的假设，说明空处应该提到有两个假设。选项E“为了解释这一现象，一项新的研究提出了两个主要假设”提到了有两个假设，引出下文，符合语境。故选E。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Healthy participants were subjected t painful ht-based stimuli (刺激), while bserving visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either assciated with painful r nn-painful experiences. Participants were then asked t reprt their pain intensity.(健康的参与者在虚拟现实环境中接受疼痛的热刺激，同时观察视觉信号。这些信号要么与疼痛经历相关，要么与非疼痛经历相关。然后要求参与者报告他们的疼痛强度。)”可知，下文描述了一项关于大脑如何感知疼痛的研究，说明空处应该提到有研究。选项C“在这项研究中，研究了大脑如何感知疼痛”提到了有研究，引出下文，符合语境。故选C。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perceptin when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels.(他们的研究结果表明，当预期疼痛水平和实际疼痛水平之间存在显著差异时，大脑会加强疼痛感知。)”可知，上文是关于大脑感知疼痛的研究结果，空处应该对此进行评价。选项A“这一证据支持了惊喜假说”是对上文研究结果的评价，说明研究结果支持了惊喜假说，符合语境。故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Individuals with persistent pain ften experience uncertain fears and anxieties abut their cnditin. This mismatch between their expectatins and the actual experience f pain can further strengthen hw strngly they perceive the pain.(持续疼痛的患者经常对自己的状况感到不确定的恐惧和焦虑。他们的预期与实际疼痛体验之间的这种不匹配会进一步加强他们对疼痛的强烈感知。)”可知，上文提到了预期与实际疼痛体验之间的不匹配会加强疼痛感知，空处应该提出解决办法。选项G“缩小期望与现实之间的这种差距可能在减轻疼痛方面发挥关键作用”提出了解决办法，即缩小期望与现实之间的差距，符合语境。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
A Jurney with a Painting Drne
In the messy garage f their hme, 16-year-ld Emma stared at the pieces f her brther’s ld brken drne (无人机). Her physics teacher had given the class a task — turning ld technlgy int smething “magical.” While mst students built simple things like slar chargers, Emma dreamed f smething bigger — a drne that culd paint pictures while flying! She drew designs mixing science and art — brushes attached t prpellers (螺旋桨) and clurs guided by GPS. Her classmates laughed, calling it a “flying junk,” but Emma kept wrking.
One rainy afternn, she adjusted the drne’s settings t match music. Every beat released a paint drp. The first try was a mess — bright paints spread everywhere. But Emma nticed a pattern in the chas. After five tries, the drne danced t Beethven’s Fifth Symphny, creating a beautiful abstract painting. Her prject wn the schl’s tp prize and even inspired lcal artists t use her technlgy fr large utdr artwrks.
Emma’s success wasn’t just abut imaginatin. It teaches us three essential keys t unlcking creativity. First, balance is crucial. Creativity grws nt in daydreams alne, but when wild ideas meet real-wrld lgic. Emma didn’t just imagine a painting drne; she grunded her visin in maths and physics, calculating hw t keep brushes steady mid-flight. Secnd, bravery grws thrugh small steps. Early n, Emma almst abandned her idea, fearing thers wuld laugh. But she fught dubt by practising creativity daily. Finally, fun fuels persistence. Emma’s first test spread paints everywhere, but instead f giving up, she fund jy in the chas. Her attempts reminded her that “impssible” ideas can awaken wnder. Creativity isn’t a rare gift fr the chsen few; it’s a muscle that strengthens when we laugh at failures and celebrate small wins.
Mst imprtantly, Emma’s jurney mirrrs a universal truth: creativity, like a child learning t walk, demands patience. Every wbble (蹒跚) and every fall is a track f prgress. When we cheer fr effrt rather than perfectin — whether fr a child’s first steps r ur wn messy drafts — we unlck the curage t keep mving frward.
40. What task did Emma’s physics teacher give t the class?
________________________________________________________
41. Accrding t the authr, what are the essential keys t unlcking creativity?
________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Emma, valuing the final result instead f small wins, learned frm failures and eventually achieved her gal.
________________________________________________________
43. Hw d yu unlck yur creativity? Please give ne example. (In abut 40 wrds)
________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Turning ld technlgy int smething “magical.”
41. Balance, bravery and fun.
42. Emma, valuing the final result instead f small wins, learned frm failures and eventually achieved her gal.
Emma, valuing small wins, learned frm failures and eventually achieved her gal.
43. 言之成理即可。I unlck my creativity by explring different hbbies. Once I cmbined painting and music. While listening t a piece f jazz, I painted freely, which inspired new ideas.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了16岁女孩Emma将旧无人机改造成能绘画的无人机的过程，强调了通过平衡想象与现实、勇敢面对挑战和享受创造的乐趣来解锁创造力的重要性。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Her physics teacher had given the class a task — turning ld technlgy int smething “magical.” (她的物理老师给全班同学布置了一个任务——把旧技术变成“神奇”的东西)”可知，Emma的物理老师布置的任务是将旧技术变成某种“神奇”的东西。故答案为Turning ld technlgy int smething “magical.”
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“It teaches us three essential keys t unlcking creativity. First, balance is crucial.(它教会了我们开启创造力的三个关键。首先，平衡至关重要)”、“Secnd, bravery grws thrugh small steps.(其次，勇气通过小步骤逐渐增长)”和“Finally, fun fuels persistence.(最后，乐趣能激发毅力)”可知，作者认为开启创造力的关键有三个：平衡（Balance），勇敢（Bravery），以及乐趣（Fun）。故答案为Balance, bravery and fun.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Creativity isn’t a rare gift fr the chsen few; it’s a muscle that strengthens when we laugh at failures and celebrate small wins.(创造力并非是少数被选中的人所独有的罕见天赋；它就像是一块肌肉，当我们对失败付之一笑并为小小的成功而庆祝时，它就会变得更加强健)”以及第四段中“When we cheer fr effrt rather than perfectin—whether fr a child’s first steps r ur wn messy drafts — we unlck the curage t keep mving frward.(当我们为付出的努力而非完美喝彩时——无论是为孩子迈出的第一步，还是为我们自己那些杂乱无章的草稿——我们就激发了继续前行的勇气)”可知，艾玛从失败中学习并且庆祝小的成功，而不是看重最终结果，所以Emma, valuing the final result这部分错误。文中强调的是艾玛注重努力的过程、庆祝小的成功，而不是只看重最终结果。故答案为：Emma, valuing the final result instead f small wins, learned frm failures and eventually achieved her gal.
Emma, valuing small wins, learned frm failures and eventually achieved her gal.
【43题详解】
开放题目，答案不唯一，言之成理即可。我通过探索不同的爱好来释放我的创造力。有一次我将绘画和音乐结合起来。在听一段爵士乐的时候，我自由地绘画，这激发了新的想法。I unlck my creativity by explring different hbbies. Once I cmbined painting and music. While listening t a piece f jazz, I painted freely, which inspired new ideas.
第二节(20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim要参加学校举办的“世界智慧城市”(Glbal Smart City)展示活动。他打算介绍北京，聚焦智慧北京的亮点，向你寻求相关建议、请你用英文回复，内容包括：
1.建议内容；
2.说明理由。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Learning that yu are ging t intrduce Beijing at the “Glbal Smart City” Exhibitin, I’m glad t share what I knw with yu.
First, Beijing fcuses n technlgical innvatin, leading t the bming develpment f smart turism, smart healthcare, smart manufacturing, etc. Peple can easily enjy all kinds f services prvided by artificial intelligence. Fr example, peple can visit the Frbidden City n their wn with the Wechat guide and learn abut its histry, which is really fantastic. Besides, mre and mre subways are built t make ur travel cnvenient.
Hpe my advice can be helpful t yu. If yu need mre infrmatin, d feel free t ask me.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim回信，关于对方要参加的“世界智慧城市”(Glbal Smart City)展示活动给出建议，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开心的：glad → pleased
集中精力：fcus n → cncentrate n
提供：prvide → ffer
此外：besides → in additin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First, Beijing fcuses n technlgical innvatin, leading t the bming develpment f smart turism, smart healthcare, smart manufacturing, etc.
拓展句：First, Beijing fcuses n technlgical innvatin, which leads t the bming develpment f smart turism, smart healthcare, smart manufacturing, etc.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Fr example, peple can visit the Frbidden City n their wn with the Wechat guide and learn abut its histry, which is really fantastic. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If yu need mre infrmatin, d feel free t ask me.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）