陕西省西安市铁一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份陕西省西安市铁一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版），共27页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the train leave?
A. At 12:00. B. At 12:10. C. At 12:20.
2. Where are the speakers prbably?
A hi a restaurant. B. In a kitchen. C. In a shp.
3. What is the weather prbably dike nw?
A. Sunny. B. Cludy. C. Windy.
4. What is the man ging t d?
A. Lk fr a museum. B. Turn t an expert. C. Learn abut histry.
5. What are the speakers discussing?
A. A new career. B. A study. C. A subject.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答6、7小题。
6. What des the wman want-t d?
A. Buy a new car. B. Wash her car. C. Maintain her car.
7. Hw much will the wman pay in ttal?
A. $180. B. $190. C. $200.
听下面一段较长对话，回答8、9小题。
8. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Neighbrs. B. Teacher and student. C. Mther and sn.
9. What des the wman expect the man t d?
A. Be kind t animals. B. Learn t accept kindness. C. Be prepared t assist thers.
听下面一段较长对话，回答10-12小题。
10. Wh failed in French?
A. Bert. B. Pam. C. Judy.
11. Hw will they g t the beach?
A. By car. B. By train. C. On ft.
12. What will they d n the beach?
A. Have a picnic. B. Take sme exercise. C. Play beach vlleyball
听下面一段较长对话，回答13-16小题。
13. What des the wman think f me wall?
A. Impressive. B. Cnfusing. C. Clrful.
14. Hw did the man learn t build the wall?
A. By watching vides nline.
B. By brrwing bks frm a library.
C. By turning t a prfessinal fr help.
15. What is the man planning t d next year?
A. Rebuild the garden wall. B. Plant mre flwers. C. Grw fruit trees.
16. What des the man expect his children t d?
A. Learn abut nature. B. Help him pick fruits. C. Eat mre healthy fd.
听下面一段独白，回答17-20小题。
17. Which is a prven way t learn hw t speak a language well?
A. Learning grammar rules.
B. Practicing speaking mre.
C. Listening t native speakers.
18. What d children’s bks fcus n?
A. Vcabulary and grammar. B. Prnunciatin and grammar. C. Prnunciatin and vcabulary.
19. What is key t learning a language accrding t the speaker?
A. Reading a lt. B. Memrizing wrds C. Learning frm mistakes.
20. What des the speaker prbably d?
A. A teacher. B. A dctr. C. A student.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分;满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Chinese petry thrugh the guqin:
a practical tl t learn Chinese language and culture
Cnfucius said: “T educate smebdy, yu shuld start with petry, and finish with music”. The Nrth American Guqin Assciatin (NAGA) has develped a new class series that will cmbine (融合) petry and music with guqin study and aims t deepen the appreciatin f Chinese petry and guqin culture thrugh the explratin f guqin sngs.
Curse descriptin
The classes will cnsist f lectures and practical sessins (课). Students will nt nly learn hw t play guqin and sing pems by famus pets frm different Chinese dynasties such as Farewell t Meng Haran at Yellw Crane Terrace by Li Bai, but als will learn standard Chinese thrugh these pems. At the end f the curse, students will be able t sing at least five famus Chinese pems while playing guqin, and will have a brad appreciatin f Chinese culture.
Fees and schedules
Please select the apprpriate ptins frm the schedule belw.
Time: Sundays 1:00 pm t 3:30 pm, 19/1/24, 26/1/24, 2/2/24, 9/2/24
Fee: $150 (ne sessin) r $480 (4 sessins)
Venue (场地)
Unin City CA. Address t be annunced after registratin (登记). Public transprtatin is recmmended.
Instruments
Instruments can be rented fr the full 4 days duratin f the curse which they can take hme t practice with (nrmal cst $50). NAGA class spnsr will prvide discunts fr students wh want t buy guqins in the class, with prices starting frm nly $199 (see the descriptin f each mdel recmmended).
Registratin
The number f places is limited, and space is available n a first-cme-first-served basis, s please register nw! Please email yur registratin frm (click here t dwnlad) directly t [email protected] and pay nline at Fr mre details, please email [email protected] r call1-415-857-3918.
1. What’s special abut the new class series?
A. It discusses mdern singing techniques.B. It ffers sessins t practise writing pems.
C. It benefits bth native speakers and freigners.D. It cmbines Chinese petry and guqin music.
2. Hw much at least des it cst t select 4 sessins and buy an instrument?
A. $530.B. $650.C. $679.D. $799.
3. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T teach Chinese petry.B. T spread guqin culture.
C. T advertise guqin classes.D. T ppularize Chinese music.
B
An internatinally praised cultural thing has intrduced the attractive tale f Sun Wukng t audiences wrldwide. But fr Ghaffar Purazar, a British-American dual citizen living in Califrnia; this legendary figure has been a part f his identity fr decades.
Purazar’s lifelng passin fr Peking Opera began by chance. In 1993, Purazar attended a perfrmance at Lndn’s Queen Elizabeth Hall and was instantly captured. He went backstage right after the shw and made friends with the Chinese perfrmers. With their help, Purazar was enrlled at an pera schl. Just three mnths later, he left his life in Britain behind and. mved t Beijing t train in the martial rles f the art.
Starting as ar r adult was nt easy, as Peking Opera is a cmplex mixture f vcal perfrmance, mime, martial arts, dance and acrbatics. In additin t the physical demands, mastering the Chinese language psed anther prblem. “I was cnstantly reciting the subtitles and. sngs, whether I was eating, bathing, walking, r even dreaming,” Purazar said.
Purazar believes that great art transcends (超越) languages. Over the years, he has devted himself t intrducing Peking Opera and Sun Wukng t internatinal audiences. He has als been teaching curses and rganizing wrkshps in the United-States, bringing Peking Opera t curius Western learners. T better cnnect with. Western audiences and learners, he adapted sme classic plays such as The Mnkey King: Uprar in Heaven int English versins and he als adapted Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream int-Peking Opera.
In recgnitin f his cntributins, Purazar received the Great Wall Friendship Award frm the Beijing gvernment in 2014. “Cultural exchange shuld be reciprcal. I aim t blend my expertise m pera with my multicultural backgrund t create enriching artistic experiences fr the audiences,” said Purazar.
4. What is the authr’s intentin f writing paragraph 1?
A. T prve Ghaffar Purazar’s achievement.
B. T intrduce a cultural influence n an individual.
C. T explain the cultural significance f Sun Wukng.
D. T highlight the fascinatin f ancient Chinese tales.
5. What d we knw abut Purazar’s experience f learning Peking Opera?
A. Language was a significant barrier fr him.
B. The perfrmers he met backstage taught him the art.
C Queen Elizabeth made him interested in Peking Opera.
D. His enthusiasm fr Peking Opera started at an early age.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. His great lve fr Peking Opera.
B. His amazing perfrmance n stage.
C. His belief in perfrming Peking Opera.
D. His cntributin t spreading Peking Opera.
7. Which f the fllwing wrds best describe Purazar?
A. Persistent and gentle.B. Humrus and charming.
C. Traditinal and cautius.D. Determined and innvative.
C
What if everything happens fr a reasn? Burnt tast thery, a mdern view n this classic idea, suggests that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.
Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect (多米诺效应). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.
When we feel like things are utside ur cntrl, that can be scary. The burnt tast thery can help sme peple let g f their need fr cntrl and take negative situatins mre psitively.
Hwever, while maintaining a psitive mindset can be beneficial, ver-ptimism can lead t “pisnus psitivity”. When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive façade (假象) instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.
Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
8. What can be inferred frm the burnt tast thery?
A. Life is a prcess, nt destinatin.B. Lst in the east, gained in the west.
C. Life is full f endless challenges.D. Lst time will never be fund again.
9. Which can be an utcme frm “pisnus psitivity”?
A. Lss f chances t grw.B. Failure t acknwledge thers.
C. Inability t cntrl emtins.D. Decline in physical health.
10. Which can be seen as a grwth mindset mentined in the last paragraph?
A. Finding reasns fr failure.
B. Aviding pushing thers t hard.
C. Accepting life and making it better.
D. Keeping a psitive mindset and wrking hard.
11. Which is the best pssible title fr the text?
A. Bum Tast Thery: Find a True Self
B. Bum Tast Thery: Lead a Psitive Life
C. Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity
D. Burn Tast Thery: Hw t Live Actively
D
Peple vary in hw well they discriminate and identify fds. The variatin is explained by a general ability t recgnize bjects. We researchers riginally therized the variability might als be assciated with peple’s attitude tward new fds. Thse wh endrse statements like “I am particular abut what I eat” have fd nephbia — refusal f fd nvelty. Sure enugh, ur study did find picky eaters scred wrst n ur tests f fd recgnitin: Fd nephbia is negatively crrelated with fd recgnitin ability.
While we were publishing ur finding, scientists were debating new findings abut hw the brain reacts t fd and clr. Different research grups had identified brain areas in the visual system that respnded preferentially t images f fd. Fr instance, lking at a bwl f ndles wuld activate these brain areas, but nt lking at a pile f string. The scientific disagreement was abut what it meant t identify a selectivity fr fd in brain areas already knwn fr their respnsiveness t clr.
We repeated ur initial study with gray-scale images f fd. The result shwed withut clr, peple unsurprisingly made mre errrs, mistaking different dishes as the same, but the pattern f variatin acrss peple was therwise unchanged. Thse with a higher general visual ability did better with fd. We als fund ne effect f remving clr: Fd nephbia was n lnger crrelated with fd recgnitin ability. It was as if whatever advantage the adventurus eaters had gained ver picky nes was all dependent n clr.
We then made an entirely new predictin: Wuld peple with clr blindness be less fd nephbic than thse with nrmal clr perceptin? Because the clrblind experience fd in a restricted range f clr, certain signals that raise flags abut freshness, safety, r therwise drive anxiety abut nvel fd culd be limited.
We invited participants nline, based n hw they answered ne questin abut clr blindness buried in a lng screening questinnaire. The survey suggested clrblind peple were indeed less fd nephbic than the nn-clrblind. Seeing the wrld with a narrw clr range seems t ease an emtin-based resistance t nvel fds.
Our findings pave the way fr addressing extreme cases f fd nephbia. As researchers learn mre abut the cmplicated relevance between clr perceptin and fd, we might develp targeted interventins t imprve dietary habits.
12. What des the underlined wrd “endrse” mean in paragraph 1?
A. Cmment n.B. Apprve f.C. Wrry abut.D. Argue against.
13. What’s the purpse f writing paragraph 2?
A. T illustrate an argument.
B. T emphasize the value f science.
C. T explain the backgrund f later tests.
D. T indicate a psitive academic atmsphere.
14. Why are clrblind peple less fd nephbic accrding t the study?
A. They’re brn with a bigger appetite.
B. They’re mre expert at recgnizing fd.
C. They prefer t take risks and try fresh things.
D. They fail t perceive sme fd signs causing tensin.
15. Hw did the authr uncver the effect f clr n emtinal respnses t fd?
A. By experiencing fd diversity firsthand.
B. By analyzing feedback frm respndents.
C. By testing brains’ reactin t clrful fds.
D. By mnitring picky eaters’ dietary variatins.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Admittedly, cmplex writing that uses rich vcabulary and vivid figurative language can ww readers. But it isn’t the nly mark f a gd writer. Anther skill that’s f equal imprtance is the ability t cnvey ideas in plain language. ___16___ T write in plain language, there are sme general guidelines fr yu t fllw.
___17___ The nly details they include are thse necessary fr the reader t understand the sentences’ meaning. Fr example, the sign “Wait behind the yellw line.” at a train platfrm includes “yellw” s travelers knw where t stand.
Plain language avids using vcabulary that requires specialized knwledge. If yu wrk in IT, yu can cmfrtably use the wrd “latency” with yur clleagues. ___18___ But when speaking with smene withut an IT backgrund, yu might instead use “slw” t ensure that they knw what yu’re talking abut.
Plain language is mre than wrd chices, thugh. ___19___ This can be achieved in the fllwing ways. Fr example, use clear headers fr each sectin and keep paragraphs fcused n ne idea each. Make the relatinships between ideas and sentences clear with transitin wrds. Write directly t yur reader. Additinally, use the active vice whenever pssible t enhance clarity.
It is imprtant t nte that nt every guideline fr plain writing will apply t every piece f writing. The ultimate gal is t create cntents that are accessible and easily understd. By using plain language, yu demnstrate respect fr yur readers’ time and intelligence. ___20___
A. That is because they knw what it means.
B. Thus, it develps psitive relatinships with them.
C It als invlves structuring writing t priritize clarity.
D. One key aspect f plain writing is ensuring sentences are as shrt as pssible.
E. It invlves using direct and accessible language with a straightfrward structure.
F. This can be especially imprtant fr thse wh speak English as a secnd language.
G. Plain language reduces the risk f misunderstandings caused by cnfusing language chices.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节(共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Kelsang Pedrn was studying at the Beijing Tibet Middle Schl in 2017. One day she heard that a senir student f the schl had____21____ a place at the Air Frce Aviatin University t learn hw t fly military aircraft. The ____22____infrmatin planted the seeds f what then seemed like a(n) ____23____dream in the yung girl’s mind. After all, n Tibetan wman had ever____24____ a military aircraft in China till then,
“I wanted t try s that I culd ____25____ the mtherland’s blue skies. But flying appeared t be far beynd ____26____fr me, an rdinary girl, at that time,” Kelsang Pedrn said, adding that it all ____27____ when she saw China’s first tw female astrnauts, Liu Yang and Wang Yaping, n televisin. Their stries ____28____ her a lt. With determinatin, she ____29____pursuing her dreams.
Tw years later, ____30____ came kncking when her teacher annunced that the PLA Air Frce was recruiting (征募) female fight cadets, and encuraged interested students t ____31____. “My dad encuraged me t ____32____ give it a sht,” she said.
S she applied and sn began t prepare fr the ____33____ tests which she all passed. In August 2019, Kelsang Pedrn____34____ at the Air Frce Aviatin University as a freshwman.
Accrding t her instructrs, she has trained very hard t ____35____herself in her chsen career. Nw, 23-year-ld Kelsang Pedrn has becme the first Tibetan wman t fly a fighter jet.
21. A. abandnedB. vlunteeredC. securedD. mentined
22. A. inspiringB. embarrassingC. relaxingD. shcking
23. A. unfrgettableB. dissatisfactryC. dishnrableD. unattainable
24. A. bardedB. piltedC. fixedD. dreamed
25. A. appreciateB. passC. safeguardD. research
26. A. reachB. dubtC. cntrlD. descriptin
27. A. ruinedB. changedC. delayedD. expanded
28. A. pushedB. prtectedC. challengedD. apprached
29. A. turned tB. tk inC. kept atD. cmmented n
30. A. successB. judgmentC. regretD. pprtunity
31. A. appealB. applyC. assignD. determine
32. A. randmlyB. irregularlyC. bravelyD. eventually
33. A. rganizatinB. peratinC. rutineD. selectin
34. A. graduatedB. reprtedC. celebratedD. presented
35. A. perfectB. abandnC. helpD. satisfy
When I was a child, after bedtime I wuld ften get ut f my bed in my pajamas, g t the windw and stare at the stars. I had s many questins. Hw far away were thse tiny pints f ___36___? Did space g n frever and ever?
When I grew up, I became a prfessinal astrphysicist (天体物理学家), but these questins cntinued t challenge and ___37___ me in my scientific research, causing me t live n bread and n sleep fr days at a time while I was ___38___ with a science prblem.
Einstein nce wrte that “the mst beautiful experience we can have is the mysterius. It is the fundamental emtin which ___39___ true art and true science.” What did Einstein mean by “the mysterius?” I dn’t think he meant that science is full f unknwable frces. I think that he meant a sense f ___40___, a sense that there are things larger than us, that we d nt have all the answers at this mment. A sense that we can stand right at the bundary between the knwn and the unknwn and gaze int the ___41___and be jyful rather than frightened.
Scientists are happy, f curse, when they find answers t questins. But scientists are als happy when they becme ___42___, when they discver interesting questins that they cannt answer. Because that is when their imaginatins and creativity are ___43___ n fire. That is when the greatest prgress ccurs.
One f the ultimate gals in physics is t find the s-called “thery f everything”: the final thery that will ___44___ all the essential laws f nature. Hwever, I hpe that we never find that final thery. I hpe that there are always things that we dn’t knw—abut the physical wrld as well as abut urselves. I believe in the creative ______45______ f the unknwn. I believe in the jy f standing at the bundary between the knwn and the unknwn. I believe in the unanswered questins f children.
36. A. clrB. lightC. infrmatinD. difference
37. A. cnsumeB. limitC. driveD. apprve
38. A. cncernedB. delightedC. strictD. bsessed
39. A. releasesB. limitsC. distinguishesD. nurtures
40. A. aweB. achievementC. urgencyD. belnging
41. A. futureB. mysteryC. distanceD. space
42. A. admirableB. realisticC. cmpetitiveD. stuck
43. A. lightedB. setC. fundD. built
44. A. cverB. questinC. evaluateD. innvate
45. A. writingB. expressinC. pwerD. enthusiasm
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tech fr peple
A rbtic dg fr delivering heavy lads (including garbage) is in a test run at the Taishan Muntain scenic area in Tai’an, Shandng Prvince. It ____46____ (serve) as a “prter”, transprting gds uphill and reducing human labr.
Due t the cmplex terrain (地形，地势) f the Taishan Muntain scenic area and the presence f nly hiking trails, large-scale mechanized peratins are nt pssible, leading t manual garbage cllectin. During peak visitr hurs, ____47____ hikers ccupy all trails, trash is ____48____ (temprary) stred n the sides until a later cncerted effrt fr cllectin, a lng-standing challenge fr the park.
In the last three mnths, rbtic dgs ____49____ (intrduce) fr waste cllectin tests at the Taishan Muntain scenic area ____50____ (imprve) transprtatin efficiency based n the latest technlgy and advanced practices frm ther lcatins.
The rbtic dgs ____51____ (participate) in the test are amng the fastest and mst advanced industrial-grade quadruped (有四足的) rbts n the market. They bast strng bstacle-crssing capabilities, utstanding ____52____ (stable) and balance, excellent lad-bearing and endurance capacities, amng ther perfrmance advantages.
The rbtic dg used in this test is ____53____ example f hw technlgy can help slve envirnmental prblems in turist areas. This new apprach is hped t reduce the burden n wrkers and make the scenic area ____54____ (clean).
“The mdern technlgy and the ancient culture f Taishan Muntain are clsely cnnected t frm a unique landscape, nt nly bringing new pprtunities fr the develpment f Taishan’s turism, but als prviding new ideas ____55____ the inheritance and innvatin f Taishan culture,” said Wang Zhngwu, a prfessr at Shandng University.
第三节 基础知识(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据提示，填写恰当的单词，每空一词。
56. When Natinal Day is appraching, flags will be __________ (string) alng the rute as a celebratin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
57. Every civilian in this cuntry shuld shw his __________(lyal) t his mther cuntry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
58. After days f training and learning, he finally became a __________ (qualify) cach. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59. It is said that the treasured painting __________ (belng) t the City Museum was secretly stlen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. By nw, we have cllected mre than 300 __________ (entry) with the same theme. (所给词的适当形式填空)
61. The authrity have the duty t __________ (执行，贯彻) the plicy t benefit its advcates. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
62. The directr instructed his staff t destry the __________(机密的，敏感的) dcument. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
63. His three children are 3, 6 and 9 years ld __________(分别地，各自地) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
64. She has published mre than 20 bks including nvels, petry and literary __________. (批评，评论) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
65. The draft reslutin ____________ (提交) by the cmmittee was declined finally. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
66. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The waves crashed heavily against the rcks, the strmy sea swallwing the nce-pwerful ship. The nly survivr f the shipwreck was brught by the currents t the shre f a small, uninhabited island. His desperate cries fr help mixed with the rar f the strm, nly t be swallwed by the cean.
Exhausted and disriented, he lay n the sandy beach, thanking whatever frces had saved his life. After he surveyed the surrundings, he realized the harsh reality f his islatin. He prayed t Gd and scanned the hrizn fr any sign f rescue, but n help appeared. In the midst f despair, he gradually awakened t the fact that he had t survive n this uninhabited island n his wn. Driven by great determinatin, the survivr managed t build a shelter with the driftwd t prtect him frm the elements, and t stre his few pssessins.
Days turned int weeks, and weeks int mnths. The survivr, nce stuck in his islatin, started explring the island’s hidden treasures. His rutine became a dull cycle f hunting fr fd, cllecting rainwater, and scanning the hrizn fr any sign f rescue. But the vast expanse f the cean ffered n cmfrt, n ship n the hrizn t save him.
Despite his lneliness, the survivr clung t hpe. The sunrises brught a glimmer f ptimism, and he kept scanning the hrizn, searching fr any trace f rescue.
Then, ne fateful day, as he returned frm a fruitless search fr fd, he was greeted by a devastating sight — his shelter was n fire, and the smke was rlling up t the sky! The wrst had happened — the fire had cnsumed all his pssessins, leaving him nthing but the clthes n his back. Desperatin and disbelief seized him as he watched the smke rise t the sky, a cruel demnstratin f his misfrtune.
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Gd, hw culd yu d this t me!” he cried.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The rescuers explained that they had seen the smke signal frm the burning shelter.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2024-2025-2高二年级期中考试
英语试卷
时间：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the train leave?
A. At 12:00. B. At 12:10. C. At 12:20.
2. Where are the speakers prbably?
A. hi a restaurant. B. In a kitchen. C. In a shp.
3. What is the weather prbably dike nw?
A. Sunny. B. Cludy. C. Windy.
4. What is the man ging t d?
A. Lk fr a museum. B. Turn t an expert. C. Learn abut histry.
5. What are the speakers discussing?
A. A new career. B. A study. C. A subject.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答6、7小题。
6. What des the wman want-t d?
A. Buy a new car. B. Wash her car. C. Maintain her car.
7. Hw much will the wman pay in ttal?
A. $180. B. $190. C. $200.
听下面一段较长对话，回答8、9小题。
8. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Neighbrs. B. Teacher and student. C. Mther and sn.
9. What des the wman expect the man t d?
A. Be kind t animals. B. Learn t accept kindness. C. Be prepared t assist thers.
听下面一段较长对话，回答10-12小题。
10. Wh failed in French?
A. Bert. B. Pam. C. Judy.
11. Hw will they g t the beach?
A. By car. B. By train. C. On ft.
12. What will they d n the beach?
A. Have a picnic. B. Take sme exercise. C. Play beach vlleyball
听下面一段较长对话，回答13-16小题。
13. What des the wman think f me wall?
A. Impressive. B. Cnfusing. C. Clrful.
14. Hw did the man learn t build the wall?
A. By watching vides nline.
B. By brrwing bks frm a library.
C. By turning t a prfessinal fr help.
15. What is the man planning t d next year?
A. Rebuild the garden wall. B. Plant mre flwers. C. Grw fruit trees.
16. What des the man expect his children t d?
A. Learn abut nature. B. Help him pick fruits. C. Eat mre healthy fd.
听下面一段独白，回答17-20小题。
17. Which is a prven way t learn hw t speak a language well?
A. Learning grammar rules.
B. Practicing speaking mre.
C. Listening t native speakers.
18. What d children’s bks fcus n?
A. Vcabulary and grammar. B. Prnunciatin and grammar. C. Prnunciatin and vcabulary.
19. What is key t learning a language accrding t the speaker?
A. Reading a lt. B. Memrizing wrds C. Learning frm mistakes.
20. What des the speaker prbably d?
A. A teacher. B. A dctr. C. A student.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分;满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Chinese petry thrugh the guqin:
a practical tl t learn Chinese language and culture
Cnfucius said: “T educate smebdy, yu shuld start with petry, and finish with music”. The Nrth American Guqin Assciatin (NAGA) has develped a new class series that will cmbine (融合) petry and music with guqin study and aims t deepen the appreciatin f Chinese petry and guqin culture thrugh the explratin f guqin sngs.
Curse descriptin
The classes will cnsist f lectures and practical sessins (课). Students will nt nly learn hw t play guqin and sing pems by famus pets frm different Chinese dynasties such as Farewell t Meng Haran at Yellw Crane Terrace by Li Bai, but als will learn standard Chinese thrugh these pems. At the end f the curse, students will be able t sing at least five famus Chinese pems while playing guqin, and will have a brad appreciatin f Chinese culture.
Fees and schedules
Please select the apprpriate ptins frm the schedule belw.
Time: Sundays 1:00 pm t 3:30 pm, 19/1/24, 26/1/24, 2/2/24, 9/2/24
Fee: $150 (ne sessin) r $480 (4 sessins)
Venue (场地)
Unin City, CA. Address t be annunced after registratin (登记). Public transprtatin is recmmended.
Instruments
Instruments can be rented fr the full 4 days duratin f the curse which they can take hme t practice with (nrmal cst $50). NAGA class spnsr will prvide discunts fr students wh want t buy guqins in the class, with prices starting frm nly $199 (see the descriptin f each mdel recmmended).
Registratin
The number f places is limited, and space is available n a first-cme-first-served basis, s please register nw! Please email yur registratin frm (click here t dwnlad) directly t [email protected] and pay nline at Fr mre details, please email [email protected] r call1-415-857-3918.
1. What’s special abut the new class series?
A. It discusses mdern singing techniques.B. It ffers sessins t practise writing pems.
C. It benefits bth native speakers and freigners.D. It cmbines Chinese petry and guqin music.
2. Hw much at least des it cst t select 4 sessins and buy an instrument?
A. $530.B. $650.C. $679.D. $799.
3. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T teach Chinese petry.B. T spread guqin culture.
C. T advertise guqin classes.D. T ppularize Chinese music.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了NAGA举办的一个结合诗歌与古琴学习的课程。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The Nrth American Guqin Assciatin (NAGA) has develped a new class series that will cmbine (融合) petry and music with guqin study and aims t deepen the appreciatin f Chinese petry and guqin culture thrugh the explratin f guqin sngs.(NAGA开发了一个新的课程系列，将诗歌和音乐与古琴学习结合起来，旨在通过对古琴歌曲的探索加深对中国诗歌和古琴文化的欣赏。)”可知，新课程系列的特别之处在于结合了中国诗歌和古琴音乐。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fees and schedules部分“Fee: $150 (ne sessin) r $480 (4 sessins)(费用：$150(一节)或$480 (4节))”和Instruments部分“NAGA class spnsr will prvide discunts fr students wh want t buy guqins in the class, with prices starting frm nly $199(NAGA课程赞助商将为想在课堂上购买古琴的学生提供折扣，起价仅为199美元)”可知，选择4节课并购买一件乐器至少要花480+199=679美元，故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“The Nrth American Guqin Assciatin (NAGA) has develped a new class series that will cmbine (融合) petry and music with guqin study and aims t deepen the appreciatin f Chinese petry and guqin culture thrugh the explratin f guqin sngs.(NAGA开发了一个新的课程系列，将诗歌和音乐与古琴学习结合起来，旨在通过对古琴歌曲的探索加深对中国诗歌和古琴文化的欣赏。)”可知，本文是NAGA举办的一个结合诗歌与古琴学习的课程介绍，因此本文的目的是为古琴课做广告。故选C。
B
An internatinally praised cultural thing has intrduced the attractive tale f Sun Wukng t audiences wrldwide. But fr Ghaffar Purazar, a British-American dual citizen living in Califrnia; this legendary figure has been a part f his identity fr decades.
Purazar’s lifelng passin fr Peking Opera began by chance. In 1993, Purazar attended a perfrmance at Lndn’s Queen Elizabeth Hall and was instantly captured. He went backstage right after the shw and made friends with the Chinese perfrmers. With their help, Purazar was enrlled at an pera schl. Just three mnths later, he left his life in Britain behind and. mved t Beijing t train in the martial rles f the art.
Starting as ar r adult was nt easy, as Peking Opera is a cmplex mixture f vcal perfrmance, mime, martial arts, dance and acrbatics. In additin t the physical demands, mastering the Chinese language psed anther prblem. “I was cnstantly reciting the subtitles and. sngs, whether I was eating, bathing, walking, r even dreaming,” Purazar said.
Purazar believes that great art transcends (超越) languages. Over the years, he has devted himself t intrducing Peking Opera and Sun Wukng t internatinal audiences. He has als been teaching curses and rganizing wrkshps in the United-States, bringing Peking Opera t curius Western learners. T better cnnect with. Western audiences and learners, he adapted sme classic plays such as The Mnkey King: Uprar in Heaven int English versins and he als adapted Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream int-Peking Opera.
In recgnitin f his cntributins, Purazar received the Great Wall Friendship Award frm the Beijing gvernment in 2014. “Cultural exchange shuld be reciprcal. I aim t blend my expertise m pera with my multicultural backgrund t create enriching artistic experiences fr the audiences,” said Purazar.
4. What is the authr’s intentin f writing paragraph 1?
A. T prve Ghaffar Purazar’s achievement.
B. T intrduce a cultural influence n an individual.
C. T explain the cultural significance f Sun Wukng.
D. T highlight the fascinatin f ancient Chinese tales.
5. What d we knw abut Purazar’s experience f learning Peking Opera?
A. Language was a significant barrier fr him.
B. The perfrmers he met backstage taught him the art.
C. Queen Elizabeth made him interested in Peking Opera.
D. His enthusiasm fr Peking Opera started at an early age.
6. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. His great lve fr Peking Opera.
B. His amazing perfrmance n stage.
C. His belief in perfrming Peking Opera.
D. His cntributin t spreading Peking Opera.
7. Which f the fllwing wrds best describe Purazar?
A. Persistent and gentle.B. Humrus and charming.
C. Traditinal and cautius.D. Determined and innvative.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ghaffar Purazar与京剧的深厚渊源及传播贡献。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“An internatinally praised cultural thing has intrduced the attractive tale f Sun Wukng t audiences wrldwide. But fr Ghaffar Purazar, a British-American dual citizen living in Califrnia; this legendary figure has been a part f his identity fr decades.(一个备受国际赞誉的文化作品向全球观众介绍了孙悟空这一引人入胜的故事。但是，对于居住在加利福尼亚的英美双重国籍公民加法尔·普拉扎尔而言，这位传奇人物几十年来一直是他身份认同的一部分)”可知，文章先是说孙悟空这一文化形象在世界范围内的影响，接着指出对Purazar来说，这个传奇人物已经成为他身份的一部分数十年了。由此可知，作者写第一段的意图是介绍一种文化对一个人的影响。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In additin t the physical demands, mastering the Chinese language psed anther prblem. “I was cnstantly reciting the subtitles and. sngs, whether I was eating, bathing, walking, r even dreaming,” Purazar said.(除了身体上的要求外，掌握中文还带来了另一个问题。普拉扎尔说：“无论我是在吃饭、洗澡、走路，甚至是在做梦，我都在不断地背诵台词和歌曲。”)”可知，语言对Purazar来说是一个很大的障碍。故选A。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Purazar believes that great art transcends (超越) languages. Over the years, he has devted himself t intrducing Peking Opera and Sun Wukng t internatinal audiences.(普拉扎尔认为，伟大的艺术超越语言界限。多年来，他致力于向国际观众介绍京剧和孙悟空这一角色)”以及全段可知，本段讲述了多年来他致力于向国际观众介绍京剧和孙悟空，在美国授课、组织研习班，还改编经典剧目，这些都体现了他对传播京剧所做的贡献。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Just three mnths later, he left his life in Britain behind and mved t Beijing t train in the martial rles f the art.(仅仅三个月后，他就告别了英国的生活，搬到北京，去学习这门艺术中的武打角色)”以及第三段他克服语言等困难学习京剧，能看出他很有决心；根据第四段的“T better cnnect with Western audiences and learners, he adapted sme classic plays such as The Mnkey King: Uprar in Heaven int English versins and he als adapted Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream int Peking Opera.(为了更好地与西方观众和学习者建立联系，他将《孙悟空：大闹天宫》等经典剧目改编成英文版，还把莎士比亚的《仲夏夜之梦》改编成京剧)” 可知，他改编经典剧目，体现了他的创新。所有Purazar既有决心又有创新精神。故选D。
C
What if everything happens fr a reasn? Burnt tast thery, a mdern view n this classic idea, suggests that every little incnvenience we experience in ur day-t-day lives happens fr a bigger reasn.
Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect (多米诺效应). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.
When we feel like things are utside ur cntrl, that can be scary. The burnt tast thery can help sme peple let g f their need fr cntrl and take negative situatins mre psitively.
Hwever, while maintaining a psitive mindset can be beneficial, ver-ptimism can lead t “pisnus psitivity”. When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive façade (假象) instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.
Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.
8. What can be inferred frm the burnt tast thery?
A. Life is a prcess, nt destinatin.B. Lst in the east, gained in the west.
C. Life is full f endless challenges.D. Lst time will never be fund again.
9. Which can be an utcme frm “pisnus psitivity”?
A. Lss f chances t grw.B. Failure t acknwledge thers.
C. Inability t cntrl emtins.D. Decline in physical health.
10. Which can be seen as a grwth mindset mentined in the last paragraph?
A. Finding reasns fr failure.
B. Aviding pushing thers t hard.
C. Accepting life and making it better.
D. Keeping a psitive mindset and wrking hard.
11. Which is the best pssible title fr the text?
A. Bum Tast Thery: Find a True Self
B. Bum Tast Thery: Lead a Psitive Life
C. Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity
D. Burn Tast Thery: Hw t Live Actively
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了烤焦面包理论及其相关思考，指出相较于单纯积极思考，培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视事情带来的感受，认识到无法掌控一切，努力提升应对意外挑战的能力。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Imagine yu accidentally burn yur tast befre leaving fr wrk. Accrding t burnt tast thery, this tiny incnvenience can cause a dmin effect(多米诺效应). Yur mrning gets delayed by three t five minutes—just enugh time t leave the huse later than usual and avid a ptential car accident. Or perhaps yu catch a later train, missing an awkward encunter with smene yu dn’t intend t see. Yu might even meet smene new whm yu wuldn’t have therwise met, leading t a friendship r rmantic cnnectin.(想象一下，在你上班前不小心把面包烤焦了。根据烤焦面包理论，这个小小的不便可能会引发多米诺效应。你的早晨会因此延迟三到五分钟——而这恰好让你比平常晚些出门，从而避开了一场可能发生的车祸。又或者，你会搭乘晚一班的火车，错过与某个你不想见到的人的尴尬碰面。你甚至可能会结识一个原本不会认识的新朋友，进而发展出一段友谊或浪漫的关系。)”可知，根据烤焦面包理论，比如不小心烤焦面包这种看似不好的小事情，可能会引发一系列连锁反应，带来意想不到的好结果，像避开一场潜在的车祸、错过不想见的人或者结识新朋友等。这体现了“失之东隅，收之桑榆”的道理，即虽然在一方面有所损失，却在另一方面有所收获。故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“When we nly allw urselves t fcus n psitive thughts, we are denying urselves the chance t prperly deal with challenges and difficult situatins t better urselves, fcusing n creating a false psitive facade(假象)instead. By cnstantly aviding negative experiences, we might ignre their real impact n us and fail t acknwledge when we’re struggling. It can make us feel wrse abut urselves, and may lead t pushing dwn negative feelings r experiences, and refusing t acknwledge r deal with them fully.(当我们只允许自己关注积极的想法时，我们其实是在剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，取而代之的是专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。通过不断地回避负面经历，我们可能会忽视它们对我们产生的真正影响，并且在自己陷入挣扎时也无法察觉。这会让我们对自己感觉更糟糕，还可能导致我们压抑负面情绪或经历，拒绝全面地认识和处理它们。)”可知，当陷入“有毒的积极心态”时，我们只关注积极想法，会剥夺自己妥善应对挑战和困境、让自己变得更好的机会，专注于营造一种虚假的积极表象。由此可知，“有毒的积极心态”可能导致的结果是失去成长的机会。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead f fcusing purely n psitive thinking, wrking twards develping a grwth mindset may be mre helpful. Yu dn’t always have t lk fr life’s silver linings, r even the meaning behind a little burnt tast. Smetimes things happen, and they suck. But as lng as we take time t acknwledge hw these things make us feel, and recgnize that we can’t always cntrl everything arund us, we can still wrk twards imprving urselves, and hw we handle life’s unexpected challenges—and that’s what really matters.(与其单纯地专注于积极思考，努力培养一种成长型思维模式或许会更有帮助。你并非总是需要去寻找生活中的一线希望，甚至是一片烤焦面包背后的意义。有时候事情就是发生了，而且很糟糕。但只要我们花时间去正视这些事情给我们带来的感受，并且认识到我们无法总是掌控身边的一切，我们仍然能够努力提升自己，改进我们应对生活中意外挑战的方式——而这才是真正重要的。)”可知，培养成长型思维模式不是单纯地专注于积极思考，不必总是去寻找生活中的积极面，当事情糟糕时，我们要正视这些事情带给我们的感受，认识到我们无法控制周围的一切，并且努力提升自己以及处理生活中意外挑战的能力。由此可知，最后一段提到的成长型思维模式的是接受生活并让它变得更好。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引入烤焦面包理论，即生活中的小不便背后有更大原因，接着阐述该理论能帮助人们以更积极的态度看待负面情况，随后指出过度乐观导致的 “有毒的积极心态” 的危害，强调不能单纯专注于积极思考，最后提出培养成长型思维模式更有益，要正视生活中的各种情况并努力提升应对能力。选项C“Burn Tast Thery: Mre than Psitivity(烤焦面包理论：不仅仅是积极心态)”既包含了烤焦面包理论能带来积极看待事情的一面，又指出了不能仅仅局限于积极心态，还需要应对生活中的各种情况，培养成长型思维，全面地概括了文章的主旨。故选C。
D
Peple vary in hw well they discriminate and identify fds. The variatin is explained by a general ability t recgnize bjects. We researchers riginally therized the variability might als be assciated with peple’s attitude tward new fds. Thse wh endrse statements like “I am particular abut what I eat” have fd nephbia — refusal f fd nvelty. Sure enugh, ur study did find picky eaters scred wrst n ur tests f fd recgnitin: Fd nephbia is negatively crrelated with fd recgnitin ability.
While we were publishing ur finding, scientists were debating new findings abut hw the brain reacts t fd and clr. Different research grups had identified brain areas in the visual system that respnded preferentially t images f fd. Fr instance, lking at a bwl f ndles wuld activate these brain areas, but nt lking at a pile f string. The scientific disagreement was abut what it meant t identify a selectivity fr fd in brain areas already knwn fr their respnsiveness t clr.
We repeated ur initial study with gray-scale images f fd. The result shwed withut clr, peple unsurprisingly made mre errrs, mistaking different dishes as the same, but the pattern f variatin acrss peple was therwise unchanged. Thse with a higher general visual ability did better with fd. We als fund ne effect f remving clr: Fd nephbia was n lnger crrelated with fd recgnitin ability. It was as if whatever advantage the adventurus eaters had gained ver picky nes was all dependent n clr.
We then made an entirely new predictin: Wuld peple with clr blindness be less fd nephbic than thse with nrmal clr perceptin? Because the clrblind experience fd in a restricted range f clr, certain signals that raise flags abut freshness, safety, r therwise drive anxiety abut nvel fd culd be limited.
We invited participants nline, based n hw they answered ne questin abut clr blindness buried in a lng screening questinnaire. The survey suggested clrblind peple were indeed less fd nephbic than the nn-clrblind. Seeing the wrld with a narrw clr range seems t ease an emtin-based resistance t nvel fds.
Our findings pave the way fr addressing extreme cases f fd nephbia. As researchers learn mre abut the cmplicated relevance between clr perceptin and fd, we might develp targeted interventins t imprve dietary habits.
12. What des the underlined wrd “endrse” mean in paragraph 1?
A. Cmment n.B. Apprve f.C. Wrry abut.D. Argue against.
13. What’s the purpse f writing paragraph 2?
A. T illustrate an argument.
B. T emphasize the value f science.
C. T explain the backgrund f later tests.
D. T indicate a psitive academic atmsphere.
14. Why are clrblind peple less fd nephbic accrding t the study?
A. They’re brn with a bigger appetite.
B. They’re mre expert at recgnizing fd.
C. They prefer t take risks and try fresh things.
D. They fail t perceive sme fd signs causing tensin.
15. Hw did the authr uncver the effect f clr n emtinal respnses t fd?
A. By experiencing fd diversity firsthand.
B. By analyzing feedback frm respndents.
C. By testing brains’ reactin t clrful fds.
D. By mnitring picky eaters’ dietary variatins.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了人们对食物识别能力的差异，以及这种差异与人们对新食物态度（食物新恐惧症）的关系。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Thse wh endrse statements like “I am particular abut what I eat” have fd nephbia — refusal f fd nvelty. (那些endrse“我对自己吃的东西很挑剔”的人有“新食物恐惧症”——拒绝新奇食物。)”可知，“Thse…have fd nephbia”这里指那些人有“新食物恐惧症”说明他们支持“I am particular abut what I eat”这一观点，划线词意为“赞成、同意”。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“While we were publishing ur finding, scientists were debating new findings abut hw the brain reacts t fd and clr. Different research grups had identified brain areas in the visual system that respnded preferentially t images f fd. (当我们发表我们的发现时，科学家们正在就大脑如何对食物和颜色做出反应的新发现进行辩论。不同的研究小组已经确定了视觉系统中优先对食物图像做出反应的脑区。)”可知，在作者团队发表其发现的同时，科学界关于大脑对食物和颜色反应的新发现以及存在的争议，为后文作者团队进行灰度图像实验以及提出色盲者与食物新恐惧症关系的预测提供了背景信息。因此，本段的写作目的是解释后续测试的背景。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Because the clrblind experience fd in a restricted range f clr, certain signals that raise flags abut freshness, safety, r therwise drive anxiety abut nvel fd culd be limited. (因为色盲者体验食物的颜色范围有限，某些关于新鲜度、安全性或引起对新奇食物焦虑的信号可能会受到限制。)”和倒数第二段的“The survey suggested clrblind peple were indeed less fd nephbic than the nn-clrblind.(调查显示，色盲者确实比非色盲者更不害怕食物。)”可知，色盲者由于颜色感知能力的限制，无法像正常人一样感知到某些可能引起对食物新鲜度、安全性等担忧的信号，因此他们对新奇食物的恐惧感较低，没有察觉到一些引起紧张的食物迹象。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“We repeated ur initial study with gray-scale images f fd. The result shwed withut clr, peple unsurprisingly made mre errrs, mistaking different dishes as the same, but the pattern f variatin acrss peple was therwise unchanged…We als fund ne effect f remving clr: Fd nephbia was n lnger crrelated with fd recgnitin ability. (我们使用食物的灰度图像重复了最初的研究。结果显示，在没有颜色的情况下，人们不出所料地犯了更多错误，将不同的菜肴误认为是相同的，但人与人之间差异的模式没有其他变化……我们还发现了去除颜色的一个效果：食物新恐惧症不再与食物识别能力相关。)”，倒数第三段的“We then made an entirely new predictin: Wuld peple with clr blindness be less fd nephbic than thse with nrmal clr perceptin? (然后我们做出了一个全新的预测：色盲者是否比正常色觉者更少食物新恐惧症？)”和倒数第二段的“We invited participants nline, based n hw they answered ne questin abut clr blindness buried in a lng screening questinnaire.(我们根据参与者在一份长筛查问卷中关于色盲问题的回答邀请他们在线参与。)”可知，结合参与者在线回答参与，作者通过对比有颜色和无颜色（灰度图像）情况下人们对食物识别能力的差异，以及进一步预测并验证色盲者与食物新恐惧症的关系，来揭示颜色对食物情感反应的影响，也就是作者主要分析了受访者的反馈（即在不同条件下的表现）来揭示颜色对食物情感反应的影响。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Admittedly, cmplex writing that uses rich vcabulary and vivid figurative language can ww readers. But it isn’t the nly mark f a gd writer. Anther skill that’s f equal imprtance is the ability t cnvey ideas in plain language. ___16___ T write in plain language, there are sme general guidelines fr yu t fllw.
___17___ The nly details they include are thse necessary fr the reader t understand the sentences’ meaning. Fr example, the sign “Wait behind the yellw line.” at a train platfrm includes “yellw” s travelers knw where t stand.
Plain language avids using vcabulary that requires specialized knwledge. If yu wrk in IT, yu can cmfrtably use the wrd “latency” with yur clleagues. ___18___ But when speaking with smene withut an IT backgrund, yu might instead use “slw” t ensure that they knw what yu’re talking abut.
Plain language is mre than wrd chices, thugh. ___19___ This can be achieved in the fllwing ways. Fr example, use clear headers fr each sectin and keep paragraphs fcused n ne idea each. Make the relatinships between ideas and sentences clear with transitin wrds. Write directly t yur reader. Additinally, use the active vice whenever pssible t enhance clarity.
It is imprtant t nte that nt every guideline fr plain writing will apply t every piece f writing. The ultimate gal is t create cntents that are accessible and easily understd. By using plain language, yu demnstrate respect fr yur readers’ time and intelligence. ___20___
A. That is because they knw what it means.
B. Thus, it develps psitive relatinships with them.
C. It als invlves structuring writing t priritize clarity.
D. One key aspect f plain writing is ensuring sentences are as shrt as pssible.
E. It invlves using direct and accessible language with a straightfrward structure.
F. This can be especially imprtant fr thse wh speak English as a secnd language.
G. Plain language reduces the risk f misunderstandings caused by cnfusing language chices.
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了使用通俗易懂的语言写作时需要遵循一些通用的指导原则。
【16题详解】
根据前文“But it isn’t the nly mark f a gd writer. Anther skill that’s f equal imprtance is the ability t cnvey ideas in plain language.(另一个同样重要的技能是用通俗易懂的语言表达想法的能力)”以及下文“T write in plain language, there are sme general guidelines fr yu t fllw.(要用通俗易懂的语言写作，有一些一般的指导方针供你遵循)”可知，前文提到一种能力，后文是提出一些知道方法，所以空处应是过渡句， E项“It invlves using direct and accessible language with a straightfrward structure.(它包括使用结构简单的直接易懂的语言)”承接上文内容，为对上文内容的具体解释，同时引起下文，符合文意。故选E项。
【17题详解】
设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“The nly details they include are thse necessary fr the reader t understand the sentences’ meaning. Fr example, the sign “Wait behind the yellw line.” at a train platfrm includes “yellw” s travelers knw where t stand.(它们只包括读者理解句子意义所必需的细节。例如，“请在黄线后面等候”的标志。站台上的标志包括“黄色”，以便乘客知道该站在哪里)”可知，提到只包括那些读者理解句子意义所必需的细节，也就是句子要简洁。所以D项“One key aspect f plain writing is ensuring sentences are as shrt as pssible.(简洁写作的一个关键方面是确保句子尽可能短)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选D项。。
【18题详解】
根据前文“If yu wrk in IT, yu can cmfrtably use the wrd “latency” with yur clleagues.(如果您从事IT工作，那么您可以轻松地与同事使用“latency”这个词)”以及后文“But when speaking with smene withut an IT backgrund, yu might instead use “slw” t ensure that they knw what yu’re talking abut.(但是当你和一个没有IT背景的人说话时，你可以用“slw”来确保他们知道你在说什么)”可知，A项“That is because they knw what it means.(那是因为他们知道这意味着什么)”是对前文的解释，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。
【19题详解】
根据前文“Plain language is mre than wrd chices, thugh.(然而，简单的语言不仅仅是词语的选择)”以及后文“This can be achieved in the fllwing ways. Fr example, use clear headers fr each sectin and keep paragraphs fcused n ne idea each. Make the relatinships between ideas and sentences clear with transitin wrds. Write directly t yur reader. Additinally, use the active vice whenever pssible t enhance clarity.(这可以通过以下方式实现。例如，每个部分使用清晰的标题，每个段落专注于一个观点。用过渡词使观点和句子之间的关系清晰。直接写给你的读者。此外，尽可能使用主动语态来提高清晰度)”可知，本段讲述简单的语言除了词语的选择还要有清晰度，所以C项“It als invlves structuring writing t priritize clarity.(它还包括组织写作，优先考虑清晰)”符合本段主题，引出下文内容。故选C项。
【20题详解】
设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“It is imprtant t nte that nt every guideline fr plain writing will apply t every piece f writing. The ultimate gal is t create cntents that are accessible and easily understd. By using plain language, yu demnstrate respect fr yur readers’ time and intelligence.(重要的是要注意，并不是所有关于普通写作的指导方针都适用于每一篇文章。最终目标是创建可访问且易于理解的内容。通过使用通俗易懂的语言，你表现出对读者时间和智慧的尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述创建可访问且易于理解的内容，表现出对读者时间和智慧的尊重。所以B项“Thus, it develps psitive relatinships with them.(因此，它与他们发展了积极的关系)”是对前文的总结，和前文构成因果关系，符合文意。故选B项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节(共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Kelsang Pedrn was studying at the Beijing Tibet Middle Schl in 2017. One day she heard that a senir student f the schl had____21____ a place at the Air Frce Aviatin University t learn hw t fly military aircraft. The ____22____infrmatin planted the seeds f what then seemed like a(n) ____23____dream in the yung girl’s mind. After all, n Tibetan wman had ever____24____ a military aircraft in China till then,
“I wanted t try s that I culd ____25____ the mtherland’s blue skies. But flying appeared t be far beynd ____26____fr me, an rdinary girl, at that time,” Kelsang Pedrn said, adding that it all ____27____ when she saw China’s first tw female astrnauts, Liu Yang and Wang Yaping, n televisin. Their stries ____28____ her a lt. With determinatin, she ____29____pursuing her dreams.
Tw years later, ____30____ came kncking when her teacher annunced that the PLA Air Frce was recruiting (征募) female fight cadets, and encuraged interested students t ____31____. “My dad encuraged me t ____32____ give it a sht,” she said.
S she applied and sn began t prepare fr the ____33____ tests which she all passed. In August 2019, Kelsang Pedrn____34____ at the Air Frce Aviatin University as a freshwman.
Accrding t her instructrs, she has trained very hard t ____35____herself in her chsen career. Nw, 23-year-ld Kelsang Pedrn has becme the first Tibetan wman t fly a fighter jet.
21. A. abandnedB. vlunteeredC. securedD. mentined
22 A. inspiringB. embarrassingC. relaxingD. shcking
23. A. unfrgettableB. dissatisfactryC. dishnrableD. unattainable
24. A. bardedB. piltedC. fixedD. dreamed
25. A. appreciateB. passC. safeguardD. research
26. A. reachB. dubtC. cntrlD. descriptin
27. A. ruinedB. changedC. delayedD. expanded
28. A. pushedB. prtectedC. challengedD. apprached
29. A. turned tB. tk inC. kept atD. cmmented n
30. A. successB. judgmentC. regretD. pprtunity
31. A. appealB. applyC. assignD. determine
32. A. randmlyB. irregularlyC. bravelyD. eventually
33. A. rganizatinB. peratinC. rutineD. selectin
34. A. graduatedB. reprtedC. celebratedD. presented
35. A. perfectB. abandnC. helpD. satisfy
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了藏族女孩Kelsang Pedrn如何受到启发，克服困难，最终成为中国首位藏族女战斗机飞行员的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她听说学校的一位高年级学生被空军航空大学录取，学习如何驾驶军用飞机。A. abandned放弃；B. vlunteered自愿做；C. secured获得，赢得；D. mentined提到。根据下文“a place at the Air Frce Aviatin University t learn hw t fly military aircraft”可知，此处指获得空军航空大学录取名额，secure a place意为“获得一个名额”。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一鼓舞人心的信息在这个小女孩心中种下了看似遥不可及的梦想的种子。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. relaxing令人放松的；D. shcking令人震惊的。根据上文“a senir student f the schl had __1___ a place at the Air Frce Aviatin University t learn hw t fly military aircraft.”可知，是一个鼓舞人心的消息。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一鼓舞人心的信息在这个小女孩心中种下了看似遥不可及的梦想的种子。A. unfrgettable难忘的；B. dissatisfactry不满意的；C. dishnrable不光彩的；D. unattainable难以达到的。根据下文“After all, n Tibetan wman had ever __4__ a military aircraft in China till then,”可知，直到那时，还没有藏族女性在中国驾驶过军用飞机，所以飞行对Kelsang Pedrn来说是遥不可及的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，直到那时，还没有藏族女性在中国驾驶过军用飞机。A. barded登上；B. pilted驾驶；C. fixed固定；D. dreamed梦想。根据上文“t learn hw t fly military aircraft.”可知，此处指驾驶飞机。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想尝试一下，这样我就可以保卫祖国的蓝天。”A. appreciate欣赏；B. pass通过；C. safeguard保卫；D. research研究。根据上文“learn hw t fly military aircraft.”以及下文“the mtherland’s blue skies”可知，驾驶军用飞机即保卫祖国的蓝天。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“但当时，飞行对我来说，一个普通女孩来说，似乎遥不可及，”Kelsang Pedrn说，并补充说，当她在电视上看到中国首批两名女航天员刘洋和王亚平时，一切都改变了。A. reach范围；B. dubt怀疑；C. cntrl控制；D. descriptin描述。根据上文“After all, n Tibetan wman had ever __4__a military aircraft in China till then,”可知，既然还没有藏族女性在中国驾驶过军用飞机，那么飞行对她来说是遥不可及的，beynd reach意为“遥不可及”。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. ruined毁坏；B. changed改变；C. delayed延迟；D. expanded扩大。根据下文“when she saw China’s first tw female astrnauts, Liu Yang and Wang Yaping, n televisin”可知，当她在电视上看到中国首批两名女航天员刘洋和王亚平时，她就觉得离梦想更近了，所以一切都改变了。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她们的故事给了她很大的推动。A. pushed推动；B. prtected保护；C. challenged挑战；D. apprached接近。根据下文“With determinatin, she __9__ pursuing her dreams.”可知，她们的故事给了她很大的推动，让她坚持追求梦想。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着决心，她坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想。A. turned t转向；B. tk in吸收；C. kept at坚持；D. cmmented n评论。根据上文“With determinatin”以及下文“pursuing her dreams”可知，她坚持不懈地追求自己的梦想。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两年后，机会来了，她的老师宣布中国人民解放军空军正在招募女飞行学员，并鼓励有兴趣的学生申请。A. success成功；B. judgment判断；C. regret遗憾；D. pprtunity机会。根据下文“when her teacher annunced that the PLA Air Frce was recruiting (征募) female fight cadets”可知，中国人民解放军空军正在招募女飞行学员，这是一个机会。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年后，机会来了，她的老师宣布中国人民解放军空军正在招募女飞行学员，并鼓励有兴趣的学生申请。A. appeal呼吁；B. apply申请；C. assign分配；D. determine决定。根据上文“the PLA Air Frce was recruiting (征募) female fight cadets”可知，中国人民解放军空军正在招募女飞行学员，所以老师鼓励有兴趣的学生申请。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我爸爸鼓励我勇敢地试一试，”她说。A. randmly随机地；B. irregularly不规则地；C. bravely勇敢地；D. eventually最终。根据上文“My dad encuraged me t”以及下文“give it a sht”可知，爸爸鼓励她勇敢地试一试。故选C项。
33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是她申请了，并很快开始为选拔考试做准备，她通过了所有考试。A. rganizatin组织；B. peratin操作；C. rutine常规；D. selectin选拔。根据上文的“S she applied and sn began t prepare fr the”可知，申请后就开始准备选拔考试。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年8月，Kelsang Pedrn以大一新生的身份在空军航空大学报到。A. graduated毕业；B. reprted报到；C. celebrated庆祝；D. presented展示。根据下文“at the Air Frce Aviatin University as a freshwman”可知，此处指以新生身份在空军航空大学报到。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：据她的教练说，她训练非常刻苦，以完善自己在所选职业中的技能。A. perfect完善；B. abandn放弃；C. help帮助；D. satisfy使满意。根据上文“she has trained very hard”可知，她训练非常刻苦，以完善自己在所选职业中的技能。故选A项。
When I was a child, after bedtime I wuld ften get ut f my bed in my pajamas, g t the windw and stare at the stars. I had s many questins. Hw far away were thse tiny pints f ___36___? Did space g n frever and ever?
When I grew up, I became a prfessinal astrphysicist (天体物理学家), but these questins cntinued t challenge and ___37___ me in my scientific research, causing me t live n bread and n sleep fr days at a time while I was ___38___ with a science prblem.
Einstein nce wrte that “the mst beautiful experience we can have is the mysterius. It is the fundamental emtin which ___39___ true art and true science.” What did Einstein mean by “the mysterius?” I dn’t think he meant that science is full f unknwable frces. I think that he meant a sense f ___40___, a sense that there are things larger than us, that we d nt have all the answers at this mment. A sense that we can stand right at the bundary between the knwn and the unknwn and gaze int the ___41___and be jyful rather than frightened.
Scientists are happy, f curse, when they find answers t questins. But scientists are als happy when they becme ___42___, when they discver interesting questins that they cannt answer. Because that is when their imaginatins and creativity are ___43___ n fire. That is when the greatest prgress ccurs.
One f the ultimate gals in physics is t find the s-called “thery f everything”: the final thery that will ___44___ all the essential laws f nature. Hwever, I hpe that we never find that final thery. I hpe that there are always things that we dn’t knw—abut the physical wrld as well as abut urselves. I believe in the creative ______45______ f the unknwn. I believe in the jy f standing at the bundary between the knwn and the unknwn. I believe in the unanswered questins f children.
36. A. clrB. lightC. infrmatinD. difference
37. A. cnsumeB. limitC. driveD. apprve
38. A. cncernedB. delightedC. strictD. bsessed
39. A. releasesB. limitsC. distinguishesD. nurtures
40. A. aweB. achievementC. urgencyD. belnging
41. A. futureB. mysteryC. distanceD. space
42. A. admirableB. realisticC. cmpetitiveD. stuck
43. A. lightedB. setC. fundD. built
44. A. cverB. questinC. evaluateD. innvate
45. A. writingB. expressinC. pwerD. enthusiasm
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. D 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了作者对未知的好奇和探索欲，以及作为天体物理学家的科研经历和对科学研究的看法。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些微小的光点多远？A. clr颜色；B. light光；C. infrmatin信息；D. difference差异。根据上文“g t the windw and stare at the stars”可知，作者会盯着星星看，星星会发光，因此此处指的是光点，即星星。故选B项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我长大后，我成为了一名专业的天体物理学家，但这些问题始终在我的科学研究中挑战并驱使着我，让我在遇到棘手的科学难题时，一连几天只靠面包度日，夜不能寐。A. cnsume消耗；B. limit限制；C. drive驱使；D. apprve批准。根据上文“challenge”和下文“causing me t live n bread and n sleep fr days at a time”可知，这些问题一直挑战着作者，让作者废寝忘食，因此此处用“驱使”符合语境，drive sb. in sth.表示“在某事上驱使某人”。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. cncerned担心的；B. delighted高兴的；C. strict严格的；D. bsessed痴迷的。根据上文“causing me t live n bread and n sleep fr days at a time”可知，作者会为了科学问题废寝忘食，说明作者痴迷于科学问题。故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它是孕育真正的艺术和真正的科学的基本情感。A. releases释放；B. limits限制；C. distinguishes区分；D. nurtures培养，滋养。根据上文“the mst beautiful experience we can have is the mysterius”和下文“true art and true science”可知，神秘感对真正的艺术和科学起到孕育、培养的作用。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为他指的是一种敬畏感，一种有比我们更宏大的事物的感觉，一种我们此刻并没有所有答案的感觉。A. awe敬畏；B. achievement成就；C. urgency紧迫；D. belnging归属。根据下文“a sense that there are things larger than us”可知，作者认为有比我们更宏大的事物会让我们产生敬畏感。故选A项。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一种我们可以站在已知和未知的边界上，凝视神秘，感到快乐而不是害怕的感觉。A. future未来；B. mystery神秘；C. distance距离；D. space空间。根据上文“the mysterius”可知，此处指的是神秘的事物。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当科学家们陷入困境时，当他们发现有趣的问题而无法回答时，他们也会很高兴。A. admirable令人钦佩的；B. realistic现实的；C. cmpetitive竞争的；D. stuck被困住的，陷入困境的。根据下文“when they discver interesting questins that they cannt answer”可知，此处指的是科学家们遇到无法回答的问题时，即陷入困境时。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为那时他们的想象力和创造力被点燃。A. lighted点亮；B. set设置，点燃；C. fund发现；D. built建造。根据上文“their imaginatins and creativity”和下文“n fire”可知，此处指的是想象力和创造力被点燃，set sth. n fire表示“使……着火”。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：物理学的终极目标之一是找到所谓的“万物理论”：即涵盖所有自然基本定律的最终理论。A. cver涵盖；B. questin质疑；C. evaluate评估；D. innvate创新。根据下文“all the essential laws f nature”可知，此处指的是涵盖所有自然基本定律的理论。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信未知的创造性力量。A. writing写作；B. expressin表达；C. pwer力量；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文“I believe in the jy f standing at the bundary between the knwn and the unknwn. I believe in the unanswered questins f children.”可知，作者相信未知能带来快乐，相信孩子未得到回答的问题，说明作者相信未知具有创造性力量。故选C项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tech fr peple
A rbtic dg fr delivering heavy lads (including garbage) is in a test run at the Taishan Muntain scenic area in Tai’an, Shandng Prvince. It ____46____ (serve) as a “prter”, transprting gds uphill and reducing human labr.
Due t the cmplex terrain (地形，地势) f the Taishan Muntain scenic area and the presence f nly hiking trails, large-scale mechanized peratins are nt pssible, leading t manual garbage cllectin. During peak visitr hurs, ____47____ hikers ccupy all trails, trash is ____48____ (temprary) stred n the sides until a later cncerted effrt fr cllectin, a lng-standing challenge fr the park.
In the last three mnths, rbtic dgs ____49____ (intrduce) fr waste cllectin tests at the Taishan Muntain scenic area ____50____ (imprve) transprtatin efficiency based n the latest technlgy and advanced practices frm ther lcatins.
The rbtic dgs ____51____ (participate) in the test are amng the fastest and mst advanced industrial-grade quadruped (有四足的) rbts n the market. They bast strng bstacle-crssing capabilities, utstanding ____52____ (stable) and balance, excellent lad-bearing and endurance capacities, amng ther perfrmance advantages.
The rbtic dg used in this test is ____53____ example f hw technlgy can help slve envirnmental prblems in turist areas. This new apprach is hped t reduce the burden n wrkers and make the scenic area ____54____ (clean).
“The mdern technlgy and the ancient culture f Taishan Muntain are clsely cnnected t frm a unique landscape, nt nly bringing new pprtunities fr the develpment f Taishan’s turism, but als prviding new ideas ____55____ the inheritance and innvatin f Taishan culture,” said Wang Zhngwu, a prfessr at Shandng University.
【答案】46. serves
47. when 48. temprarily
49. have been intrduced
50. t imprve
51. participating
52. stability
53. an 54. cleaner
55. fr
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了泰山景区引入高科技机器狗进行垃圾运输测试，以解决复杂地形下人工清理的难题，提高效率并减轻工人负担，同时为旅游发展和文化传承提供创新思路。
【46题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：它充当“搬运工”，将货物运送上山，减少人力劳动。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述当前的情况，时态应用一般现在时，且主语是It，serve应用第三人称单数形式。故填serves。
【47题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在游客高峰期，当徒步者占满所有步道时，垃圾会暂时堆放在路边，待后续统一清理，这一直是景区面临的长期挑战。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词peak visitr hurs作补充说明，关系词在从句中表示行为发生的时间，作时间状语，应用关系副词when作引导词。故填when。
【48题详解】
考查副词。句意：在游客高峰期，当徒步者占满所有步道时，垃圾会暂时堆放在路边，待后续统一清理，这一直是景区面临的长期挑战。空处修饰动词stred，副词temprarily符合题意，意为“暂时地”。故填temprarily。
【49题详解】
考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：过去三个月，泰山景区引入了机器狗进行垃圾收集测试，以基于最新技术和其他地区的先进经验提高运输效率。空处作句子的谓语，结合“In the last three mnths”可知，过去的动作或状态持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，intrduce“引入”和主语rbtic dgs之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，助动词应用have。故填have been intrduced。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：过去三个月，泰山景区引入了机器狗进行垃圾收集测试，以基于最新技术和其他地区的先进经验提高运输效率。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用imprve“提高”的不定式形式。故填t imprve。
【51题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：参与测试的机器狗是目前市场上速度最快、最先进的工业级四足机器人之一。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作The rbtic dgs的后置定语，participate in“参与”和The rbtic dgs逻辑上是主动关系，因此用participate的现在分词形式。故填participating。
【52题详解】
考查名词。句意：它们具备强大的越障能力、出色的稳定性和平衡性，以及优异的负重和续航能力等性能优势。空处作bast的宾语，被utstanding修饰，名词stability符合题意，意为“稳定性”，是不可数名词。故填stability。
【53题详解】
考查冠词。句意：此次测试中使用的机器狗是科技如何帮助解决旅游区环境问题的一个范例。空处表示泛指，意为“一个范例”，应用不定冠词，且example的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
【54题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：这一新方法有望减轻工人负担，并使景区更加清洁。空处作宾语补足语，结合“reduce the burden n wrkers”可知，此处介绍引入机器狗后的效果，是和之前的情况作比较，因此用clean的比较级形式。故填cleaner。
【55题详解】
考查介词。句意：山东大学教授王忠武表示：“现代科技与泰山的古老文化紧密相连，形成独特景观，不仅为泰山旅游发展带来新机遇，也为泰山文化的传承与创新提供了新思路。”prvide sth. fr是固定短语，表示“为……提供……”。故填fr。
第三节 基础知识(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
根据提示，填写恰当的单词，每空一词。
56. When Natinal Day is appraching, flags will be __________ (string) alng the rute as a celebratin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strung
【解析】
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：国庆节临近时，沿途将悬挂国旗以示庆祝。空处和will be搭配，构成谓语，string“悬挂”和主语flags之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此用string的过去分词形式strung。故填strung。
57. Every civilian in this cuntry shuld shw his __________(lyal) t his mther cuntry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】lyalty
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个国家的每个公民都应该表现出对祖国的忠诚。空格前有形容词性物主代词his，空格处需要填入名词形式作宾语，lyal的名词形式是lyalty，故填lyalty。
58. After days f training and learning, he finally became a __________ (qualify) cach. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】qualified
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：经过数日的培训学习，他终于成为了一名合格的教练。空处作修饰cach的定语，结合“After days f training and learning”可知，形容词qualified符合题意，意为“合格的”。故填qualified。
59. It is said that the treasured painting __________ (belng) t the City Museum was secretly stlen. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】belnging
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说这幅属于市博物馆的珍贵画作被秘密偷走了。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作painting的后置定语，belng t“属于”和painting逻辑上是主动关系，因此用belng的现在分词形式。故填belnging。
60. By nw, we have cllected mre than 300 __________ (entry) with the same theme. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】entries
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：到目前为止，我们已经收集了300多篇同一主题参赛作品。entry“参赛作品”,可数名词，且被mre than 300修饰，应用复数形式，作宾语，其复数形式为entries。故填entries。
61. The authrity have the duty t __________ (执行，贯彻) the plicy t benefit its advcates. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】implement
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当局有责任实施有利于其拥护者的政策。空前的t是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据所给中文提示词，应是implement意为“执行，贯彻”。故填implement。
62. The directr instructed his staff t destry the __________(机密的，敏感的) dcument. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】cnfidential
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：主任指示他的工作人员销毁机密文件。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据所给中文提示词，应是cnfidential意为“机密的，敏感的”。故填cnfidential。
63. His three children are 3, 6 and 9 years ld __________(分别地，各自地) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】respectively
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他的三个孩子分别是3岁、6岁和9岁。空处修饰句子，用副词修饰，根据所给中文提示词，应是respectively意为“分别地，各自地”。故填respectively。
64. She has published mre than 20 bks including nvels, petry and literary __________. (批评，评论) (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】criticism
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她出版了20多本书，包括小说、诗歌和文学评论。根据and可知，空处和前文的“nvels, petry”并列，且空前是形容词，所以应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词，应是criticism意为“批评，评论”为不可数名词。故填criticism。
65. The draft reslutin ____________ (提交) by the cmmittee was declined finally. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】submitted
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：委员会提交的决议草案最后被拒绝了。根据所给中文提示词，应是submit意为“提交”，本句已有谓语was declined，所以submit用非谓语形式，根据空后的by可知，用过去分词表被动。故填submitted。
第四部分 写作(满分25分)
66. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给的段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The waves crashed heavily against the rcks, the strmy sea swallwing the nce-pwerful ship. The nly survivr f the shipwreck was brught by the currents t the shre f a small, uninhabited island. His desperate cries fr help mixed with the rar f the strm, nly t be swallwed by the cean.
Exhausted and disriented, he lay n the sandy beach, thanking whatever frces had saved his life. After he surveyed the surrundings, he realized the harsh reality f his islatin. He prayed t Gd and scanned the hrizn fr any sign f rescue, but n help appeared. In the midst f despair, he gradually awakened t the fact that he had t survive n this uninhabited island n his wn. Driven by great determinatin, the survivr managed t build a shelter with the driftwd t prtect him frm the elements, and t stre his few pssessins.
Days turned int weeks, and weeks int mnths. The survivr, nce stuck in his islatin, started explring the island’s hidden treasures. His rutine became a dull cycle f hunting fr fd, cllecting rainwater, and scanning the hrizn fr any sign f rescue. But the vast expanse f the cean ffered n cmfrt, n ship n the hrizn t save him.
Despite his lneliness the survivr clung t hpe. The sunrises brught a glimmer f ptimism, and he kept scanning the hrizn, searching fr any trace f rescue.
Then, ne fateful day, as he returned frm a fruitless search fr fd, he was greeted by a devastating sight — his shelter was n fire, and the smke was rlling up t the sky! The wrst had happened — the fire had cnsumed all his pssessins, leaving him nthing but the clthes n his back. Desperatin and disbelief seized him as he watched the smke rise t the sky, a cruel demnstratin f his misfrtune.
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
“Gd, hw culd yu d this t me!” he cried.
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The rescuers explained that they had seen the smke signal frm the burning shelter.
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【答案】范文
“Gd, hw culd yu d this t me!” he cried. The cry f misery and desperatin eched thrugh the air as he fell t his knees, tears mingling with the salty sea wind. His prayers were seemingly unanswered, and nw, even the shelter he had painstakingly cnstructed lay in ruins. The fire nt nly cnsumed the tangible evidence f his perseverance, but als the fragile hpe that had kept him ging... In the depths f despair, the survivr slept restlessly. But as the first rays f dawn painted the sky, he was awakened by the sund f a ship that was appraching the island. Disbelief mingled with hpe in his weary eyes when rescuers std befre him. Bewildered, he asked: “Hw did yu knw I was here?”
The rescuers explained that they had seen the smke signal frm the burning shelter. It dawned n the survivr that what seemed like a tragedy, the lss f his meager pssessins and shelter, had unintentinally becme a beacn that guided the rescue. As he barded the ship, leaving the island behind, the survivr lked back ne last time. The island, nw fading int the hrizn, as well as the burnt remains f the shelter std as the witness f his perseverance. The ship carried the survivr twards a new chapter and the survivr carried with him a firm belief that smetimes hpe culd emerge frm the ashes, s it’s crucial nt t lse heart even if in the darkest mments.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了海难中唯一的生还者被洋流带到一个无人小岛的岸边。他绝望的呼救声与风暴的咆哮混合在一起，却被大海吞没了。他疲惫不堪，迷失了方向，躺在沙滩上，感谢那些救了他一命的力量。在巨大的决心的驱使下，幸存者设法用浮木建造了一个避难所，以保护他免受恶劣天气的影响，并储存了他仅有的几件财产，一场大火却把这些东西都烧毁了，正当他绝望的时候，救援队看到了烟雾救了他。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“‘上帝，你怎么能这样对我！’他叫道”可知，第一段可描写幸存者感到绝望，放弃了活下去的希望，结果第二天被船的声音吵醒。
②由第二段首句内容“救援人员解释说，他们看到了从燃烧的避难所发出的烟雾信号。”可知，第二段可描写幸存者得救以及幸存者的感悟。
2.续写线索：绝望叫喊——放弃希望——被吵醒——救援人员赶到——幸存者得救——幸存者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①建造：cnstruct/build
②跪下：fall t knee/ kneel
③唤醒：awaken/wake up
情绪类
①费力地：painstakingly/ labriusly
②绝望：despair/ desperatin
【点睛】[高分句型1] Disbelief mingled with hpe in his weary eyes when rescuers std befre him.(运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] It dawned n the survivr that what seemed like a tragedy, the lss f his meager pssessins and shelter, had unintentinally becme a beacn that guided the rescue. (运用了that引导定语从句)