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专题02 考点拓展2&冠词、名词&写作指导(学校生活)-2025春外研版七下预习
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目录
TOC \ "1-1" \h \u \l "_Tc9447" 一.词汇拓展 PAGEREF _Tc9447 \h 1
\l "_Tc12558" 二.考点拓展 PAGEREF _Tc12558 \h 2
\l "_Tc23583" 三.语法考点 PAGEREF _Tc23583 \h 5
\l "_Tc20634" 冠词 PAGEREF _Tc20634 \h 6
\l "_Tc21918" 名词 PAGEREF _Tc21918 \h 9
\l "_Tc31824" 四.写作考点 PAGEREF _Tc31824 \h 13
\l "_Tc13880" 五.阅读拓展 PAGEREF _Tc13880 \h 15
一.词汇拓展
1.say v.说;讲→________ n.谚语;格言;警句
2.day n.一天→________ adj.每天的;天天的eq \a\vs4\al(7次)
3.cld adj.冷的→________(反义词) adj.暖和的,温暖的→________ n.温暖;暖和
4.swim v.游泳→________ n.游泳者
5.let v.让,使→________(现在分词)
6.China中国→________ n.中国人;汉语 adj.中国的;中国人的
7.America美国;美洲→________ n.美国人;美洲人 adj.美国的;美国人的;美洲的
8.big adj.大的→________(反义词) adj.小的
9.city n.城市→________(复数)
10.ne num.一→________(序数词)第一→________ adv.一次;一回
11.family n.家,家庭→________(复数)
12.pht n.照片,相片→________(复数
13.wman n. 成年女子;妇女→________(复数)→________(对应词) n.男人→________(对应词复数)
14.wife n.妻子;太太→________(对应词) n.丈夫
15.drive v.驾驶;驾车→________(现在分词)→________ n.司机,驾驶员
16.dctr n.医生→________(对应词) n.病人
17.pliceman n.男警察→________(复数)
18.same adj.相同的,同一的→________(反义词) adj.不同的
19.farm n.农场→________ n.农民
1.saying 2.daily3.warm warmth4.swimmer 5.letting 6.Chinese7.American 8.small 9.cities 10.first nce 11.families 12.phts13.wmen man men 14.husband15.driving driver 16.patient17.plicemen 18.different 19.farmer
二.考点拓展
考点1.时间介词at/in/n
考点2.hw much/hw many
考点3. t much的用法
T much chclate isn't gd fr yu. 吃太多的巧克力对你不好。
1.用t many/t much填空。
Nw __________ teenagers dn't have a healthy lifestyle. They eat __________ junk fd which can cause fatness.
2.太多甜食有害健康。(be harmful t)
______________________________________________________
1.t many; t much
2.T much sweet fd is harmful t health.
考点4.like的用法
It tells us that we shuld be prud f wh we are, even if we dn't lk r feel like everyne else.
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我妹妹喜欢看电影,她最喜欢的电影是《花木兰》。
My sister mvies and her favrite mvie is Mulan.
2.生活就像骑自行车。为了保持平衡,你必须保持前行。
Life is riding a bicycle. T keep a balance, yu must keep mving.
3.——你愿意和我分享你是如何提高你的英语口语的吗?
——尽可能频繁地阅读和倾听。
— t share hw yu imprve yur spken English with me?
—By reading and listening as ften as pssible.
1.likes watching 2.like 3.Wuld yu like
考点5.buy 的用法
I will buy yu a new ne.
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.妈妈,你介意给我买件新衣服吗?
Mm, d yu mind a new dress?
2.Mary,你决定买哪一个了吗?外套还是裙子?
Mary, have yu decided which ne ? The cat r the skirt?
3.我家里没有人从商店买塑料袋。
Nbdy in my family plastic bags frm the shp.
1.buying me 2.t buy 3.buys
考点6.辨析in、wear、put n和dress
“It's an Umbrella Hat. Yu can wear it n rainy days and...” Garth said.
按要求完成句子。
1.It's cld utside. (put) n yur warm clthes, Bb.Dn't catch a cld.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
2.—Lk! Peple utside are (wear) dresses and shrts.
—The weather must be very ht.(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
3.Get (dress) nw, Tny! We are leaving in 10 minutes!(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)
4.D yu knw the by red?(盲填)
5.今天多冷啊!你最好穿上外套。
Hw cld it is tday! Yu'd better yur cat.(根据汉语意思完成句子) 三1.Put 2.wearing 3.dressed 4.in 5.put n
考点7. with的用法
Between this building and the dining hall is the classrm building with twenty-fur classrms. 在这栋建筑和餐厅之间是有二十四间教室的教学楼。
1.Tny can see things mre clearly nw this pair f glasses.
2.My aunt came t my hme her six-year-ld daughter Alice in the mrning.
三.语法考点
冠词
考点一 不定冠词的基本用法
特别提醒
1.不定冠词a和an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。判断一个单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头,要根据其读音,而不是仅仅根据其首字母。例如:a hrse、an hur、an apple。
2.发音为元音音素开头的字母
26个字母中发音为元音音素开头的有12个,它们分别是a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、、r、s、x。例如:
There is an “m” in the wrd “map”.
巧学妙记
1.巧记不定冠词a和an的区别:
冠词a、an两种帽,许多名词常需要。
开头读音若是元,要把an帽来戴好。
辅音起首用a帽,记住规律别乱套。
2.巧记不定冠词的用法:
不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”。可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体。某类人、物任一个,有时还要表“每一”。
考点二 定冠词的基本用法
巧学妙记
巧记定冠词的基本用法:
特指重提与唯一,岛屿海峡和海湾;
海洋党派最高级,沙漠河流与群山;
方位顺序和乐器,年代团体与机关;
船名建筑和组织,会议条约与报刊;
姓氏复数国全名,请你记住用定冠。
考点三 不用冠词(零冠词)的情况
特别提醒
1.节假日前一般不加冠词,但节日名中含有“Festival”的中国传统节日名前,通常要加the。例如:
the Spring Festival
2.在表示一日三餐的名词前通常不加冠词,但如果特指或指具体的饮食,可用定冠词;有修饰词时用不定冠词。例如:
①Were yu at the lunch with the English teacher?
②I had a big supper just nw.
3.某些短语中有无the表达的意义不同。例如:
be in hspital 住院;be in the hspital 在医院;g t schl 去上学;g t the schl 去学校
巧学妙记
巧记不用冠词的情况:
不用冠词有几点,名前代词这那限;
星期月份和季节,专名球类及语言;
复数名词表泛指,棋类学科三餐前;
交通方式和节日,称呼职务与头衔;
颜色电视和国名,固定搭配记心间。
用适当的冠词完成下列句子
1.There's new schlbag n Bill's desk.
2.Dn't frget t turn left at third crssing.I'll wait fr yu there.
3.My grandma used t tell me ld stry befre ging t bed every night.
4.My red sweater is in the washing machine, s I have t chse anther ne.
5.It's very surprising that the 65-year-ld man has e-mail address.
6.It is increasingly clear that Internet is becming mre and mre imprtant.
7.What's address f yur new schl,Lily? I wuld like t visit yu next mnth.
8.We all believe that Michael will becme imprtant and useful member f the sciety in the future.
9. Greens arrived in Beijing last week.They will leave fr Shanghai this weekend.
10.There will be talk n teenage prblems tmrrw. All the students are asked t attend talk.
11.Tmrrw Mr.Smith will leave Paris, capital f France, fr Washingtn by air.
12.We were having lunch when they came in.
13.This is the bk yu gave me last week. bk is interesting.
14.What did yu d last Saturday?
15.March 8 is Wmen's Day.
16.If weather is fine tmrrw, we will g t the park.
17.I prefer playing pian t playing basketball.
18.At age f five, he read a lt f bks.
19.Tm and Lucy are f same age.
20. harder we study, mre we learn.
【参考答案】
1.a 2.the 3.an 4./ 5.an 6.the 7.the 8.an 9.The 10.a the 11.the / / 12./ 13.The 14./
15./ 16.the 17.the / 18.the 19.the 20.The the
名词
考点一 名词的分类
考点二 名词的数
1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
★元音字母结尾的名词变复数
小贴士:
名词词尾字母,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如:
her/heres、 tmat/tmates、 ptat/ptates、 zer/zers或zeres
★以f,fe结尾的名词变复数
以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆:
小贴士:
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wlf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如:
leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
易混易错
man和wman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 tw wmen dctrs。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 plitics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。
★有些名词单数与复数形式相同
小贴士:
单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如:
Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep
★有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词)
小贴士:
世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如:
Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。
考点三 不可数名词的分类
小贴士:
不可数名词成员多,常用词语记心头。茶水牛奶兑橘汁,米肉面包和食品;作业家务工作忙,幸福时间钱财多。即tea、 water、 milk、 range、 rice、 meat、 bread、 fd、 hmewrk、 husewrk、 wrk、 happiness、 time、 mney。
4.既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
考点四 名词的所有格
易混易错
's不全是名词所有格
It lks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。)
My dg is frm China, but her dg's frm Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dg's应是dg is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。)
根据句意,用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Jhnny is s hungry that he can eat up all the (bread).
2.This mrning market sells different kinds f fresh (fish).
3.Hw amazing! The little cat caught tw (muse) last night.
4.The little by has t peel three baskets f (ptat) befre lunch.
5.Jack spent abut tw hurs sweeping (leaf) in the back garden.
6.It's abut twenty (minute) drive frm my huse t the park.
7.There are few spelling and grammar (mistake) in Lily's hmewrk.
8.The ld man likes reading bks very much.He wns tw private (library).
9.There are mre than ne hundred teachers in ur schl, and mst f them are (man) teachers.
10.The wrst thing abut wrking in the shpping mall is that yu're n yur (ft) all day.
11.Different peple have different (hbby).
12.Yu can lk fr (infrmatin) abut the shp n the Internet.
13.She bught a pair f (glve).
14.—Are thse (sheep)?
—N, they aren't.They're (cw).
15.15,15. ( Lucy and Lily ) rm is n the 5th flr.
【参考答案】1.bread 2.fishes 3.mice 4.ptates 5.leaves
6.minutes' 7.mistakes 8.libraries 9.men 10.feet 11.hbbies 12.infrmatin 13.glves 14.sheep cws15.Lucy and Lily's
四.写作考点
以“崭新的初中学校生活”为话题,主要围绕“勤学善思”“制订好的计划”“努力学习”等方面展开,与此相关的写作通常涉及以下几个方面:
1.介绍自己初中的第一节课;
2.描述初中生活面临的问题;
3.给同学/朋友提供初中生活建议;
4.发表如何看待初中生活的观点。
假如你是李华,刚进入初中的你,面临着许多新问题,你很苦恼,请你写一封信给学生会,寻求建议与帮助。
信件要点如下:
1.学习科目增多,学习内容难度加大。
学习任务很多,不知道如何制订计划。
学校活动很多,不知道如何选择。
要求:
1.信件应包含所有要点内容,可适当发挥;
2.词数不少于80(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。
佳作展示
Dear Students’ Unin,
Hi! I’m Li Hua frm Class 3, Grade 7. I’m writing t ask fr sme advice. The new term is beginning and I’m facing many prblems. First, it’s hard fr me t learn the subjects well. There are many new subjects at junir high, such as Histry,Gegraphy and Bilgy. And I’m nt gd at Maths r Histry. Secnd, it’s difficult fr me t make gd plans. There are many different kinds f tasks and I can’t decide what t d first. Lastly, it’s hard fr me t chse the schl activities. There are many activities at schl, but I dn’t knw which ne is gd fr me.
写作训练
假如你是李华,学生会给你回了信,就初中生如何充分利用时间提出了两点建议。请根据他们的建议,再写封回信,与他们分享一下你的认识和打算。
要点如下:
表达感谢。
根据建议合理安排时间:列任务清单,优先做最重要的事情;分解任务,逐一完成小任务。
表明信心。
要求:
短文应包含以上所有要点,可适当发挥。
条理清楚,行文连贯;
词数不少于90(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)。
Dear Students’ Unin,
It’s great t hear frm yu. Thanks a lt fr yur advice and help.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【写作提示】
主题:恰当的学习方法与策略
体裁:应用文(信件)
人称:以第一人称为主
时态:以一般将来时为主,穿插使用一般现在时
要点:表达感谢、合理安排时间的方式、对初中学习生活的信心
写作思路:先表达感谢,再具体阐述如何利用好时间,最后表达对初中生活的信心
【范文赏读】
Dear Students’ Unin,
It’s great t hear frm yu. Thanks a lt fr yur advice and help.
Nw I knw it’s nrmal fr us t have these prblems at junir high, s I am nt wrried abut myself t much. I learn t make plans t slve the prblems I’m facing. Accrding t yur advice, I’m ging t d the fllwing tw things. First, I will list my tasks and the time fr each task. And I will d the mst imprtant thing first when there are t many tasks at the same time. Secnd, if the prject takes lng, I plan t turn it int small nes and wrk n them ne by ne. In a wrd, I’ll wrk hard and try my best.
I hpe everything ges well and I’m sure that I will make prgress. Thank yu s much!
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
五.阅读拓展
一
A family in East Side, Detrit, is s thankful(感激的)fr their dg. The dg “Blue” 1 their 1-year-ld kid, Chantal, frm fire. When the fire started, he went inside the huse and ran tward the 2 . And because f him, the girl culd 3 safely.
Zey,the eldest(年龄最大的) daughter f the family, Chantal and their uncle were at hme when 4 huse caught fire. The uncle and Zey 5 ran ut but they frgt Chantal. At that time, the dg went running back int the huse 6 he knew Chantal was still there. The firefighters(消防队员)had t chase him up and 7 Chantal.
During this time f the year, the family is 8 f mney. S they have t live in a van(小型货车)with their dg. "Peple can't bring a dg int a shelter(收容所).And I dn't want t 9 Blue. It is because n ne knws where my family wuld be 10 him, "the mther said.
B. bught C. saved D. tk
2.A. girl B. student C. pliceman D. driver
3.A. get up B. get ut C. get ff D. get n
4.A. her B. its C. yur D. their
5. A. easily B. silentlyC. quickly D. difficultly
6.A. but B. thugh C. because D. when
7.A. thugh B. brught C. drew D. taught
8.A. afraid B. tired C. prud D. shrt
9.A. leave B. fllw C. frget D. buy
10.A. ver B. tward C. withut D. arund
答案详析
1.C 根据上文中的thankful以及第一段最后一句"And because f him, the girl culd 3 safely.”可知,此处指Blue 从火灾中救了他们一岁的孩子。save“救”,符合语境。
2. A 根据下文中的“the girl culd 3safely”可推知,此处指Blue进到房子里,向那个女孩跑去,故选girl。
3.B 根据上文可知,房子失火,一岁的孩子还在房子里面。由此可知,此处指因为这只狗,这个女孩才能安全逃出来。get ut“逃离;离开”,符合语境。
4.D根据语境可知,此处指当他们的房子着火时,Zey、Chantal和她们的叔叔在房子里面,故选their。
5.C根据语境可知,此处指叔叔和 Zey快速跑了出来,故选quickly。
6.C 空后的“它知道Chantal仍然在房子里”与空前的“那时,这只狗跑回了房子”构成因果关系,故选because。
7.B 根据第一段的内容可知,房子失火后,Blue进到房子里,向那个女孩跑去;结合6空后的“he knew Chantal was still there”可推知,此处指消防队员追逐它,发现了Chantal。find“发现”,符合语境。
8.D 根据空后的“S they have t live in a van with their dg.”可知,他们不得不和他们的狗一起住在小型货车里。由此可推知,今年这段时间,这家人缺钱。be shrt f“缺少”,为固定搭配。
9. A 根据空前的“Peple can't bring a dg int a shelter.”可知,人们不能携带狗进入收容所。结合语境可知,此处指这位母亲不想丢弃Blue。leave“丢弃”,符合语境。
10.C根据语境及备选词可知,此处指这是因为没人知道没有Blue 这家人会怎么样。withut“没有”,符合语境。
二
Early in the mrning in Lanzhu, Gansu prvince, Xie Yanting wakes up. After 1 (get)ut f bed, he ges t Lanzhu University. He is an auditr(旁听生) at the schl. It 2 (take)him abut 13 minutes t get there.
Xie has had cerebral palsy(脑瘫)fr many years. He had n 3 (able)t speak, write r walk nrmally(正常地). 4 he culd nt g t schl like ther kids. 5 (lucky),he had a great family. His parents and grandpa helped him learn 6 .hme
Nw, Xie's 7 (数学)is s gd that he's a big star at Lanzhu University. In June, 2023, he will 8 (完成)his
dctrate studies(博士学业)and leave the schl.“ When peple 9 (想起)f me, I want them t frget that I'm a man wh has cerebral palsy. I 10 (希望)that they knw hw gd my math is ," says Xie.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案详析
1.getting 根据空前的wakes up可知,此处指起床后,他去兰州大学。get ut f bed意为“起床”,是固定短语。空前的After是介词,“介词+v.-ing”是固定用法,故填getting。
2.takes 根据语境可知,他用了约13分钟到达那里。it takes sb. sme time t d sth.意为“某人花费一些时间做某事”,是固定句型,此处描述客观事实,应用一般现在时,故填takes。
3.ability 根据上一句可知,谢炎廷患有脑瘫很多年了。由此可知,此处指他不能正常地说话、写字和走路。have n ability t d.“能够做某事”,为固定用法,故填ability。
4.S 根据空前的“Xie has had cerebral palsy fr many years. He was nt...”可知,谢炎廷患有脑瘫很多年了,他不能正常地说话、写字和走路。结合提示可知,此处指所以他不能像其他孩子一样去上学,故填S。
5.Luckily根据语境可知,此处指幸运的是,他有一个好的家庭,故填Luckily。
6.at 根据5空前的“he culd nt g t schl like ther kids”可知,他不能像其他孩子一样去上学:再根据空前的“His parents and grandpa helped him learn"和提示可知,此处指他的父母和祖父帮助他在家里学习,故填at。
7. math 根据提示及10空后的“hw gd my math is"可知,此处指谢炎廷的数学非常好。
8.finish 根据空后的leave the schl及提示可知,此处指他将完成博士学业。finish“完成”,符合语境。
9.think 根据语境及提示可知,此处指谢炎廷希望当人们想起他时,他们能忘记他是个患有脑瘫的人。think f“想起”,为固定短语,故填 think。
10.hpe 根据语境及提示可知,此处指谢炎廷希望他们知道自己的数学有多好。
三
B is a rster(公鸡). B He lves ging n rad trips, playing the pian, watching TV, and walking ut with ther huse pets: chickens and cats. ★ But mst f all, he lves t play with his human mm, Mary Bwman.
Befre he came t the Bwman family, B's life wasn't always this beautiful. He spent the first six mnths f his life n a farm with many ther chickens. There he was mre like a prduct. Mary adpted(收养)B after learning abut him frm a friend. She was very sad knwing his pr life. She then decided t help him leave the farm and finally live safely.
B, just like a dg, welcmes the family when they cme hme. He likes t spend time with his dad reading the cmics. He spends time with his grandma t. B even likes t lk at pictures in the bks because that's fun t!
1.Which can be the best fr“ ★ ”?
A. He likes playing the pian best.
B. He enjys many things in his life.
C. He is ppular with the Bwman family.
D. He lives a happier life than ther huse pets.
2.Mary learned abut B frm_____.
A. a farmer B. her dad C. a friend D. her grandma
3.What can we infer(推断) frm the passage?
A. B likes taking pictures very much.
B. B will g back t the farm six mnths later.
C. The Bwman family lives a busy life.
D. The Bwman family may be very kind t B.
4.What is the best title f the passage?
A. A terrible farm B. A happy family
C. A mm's lve D. A rster's new life
答案详析
1.B 句子还原题。根据第一段第二句可知,B喜欢公路旅行、弹钢琴、看电视以及和其他家养宠物一起出去散步。再根据第一段最后一句可知,但最重要的是.B喜欢和它的人类母亲——Mary Bwman一起玩耍。故B项“它喜欢生活中的许多事情”可承上启下,符合语境。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Mary adpted B after learning abut him frm a friend.”可知,Mary从一个朋友那里得知B的情况后收养了它。
3.D 推理判断题。通读第三段可知,B喜欢和它的人类父亲和人类奶奶共度时光。由此可推知,这家人可能对B很好。
4.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了公鸡B 在新家的幸福生活.故D项“一只公鸡的新生活”最适合作本文标题。
考点
用法
搭配
at
常与“钟点时刻”搭配,表示在某一具体时刻。
钟点 at seven 'clck
年龄 at the age f 45
时间 at this time
一天中的某段时间 at nn/at night
in
常与表示“范围性”的时间名词搭配。
月份 in March
年份 in 2012
季节 in winter
一天中某段时间 in the mrning/afternn/evening
n
常与“日期”“星期几”搭配或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上。
日期 On Octber 1st
星期几 n Mnday
节假日 n weekends;n New Year's Day
某一天的某时段 n Friday evening
考点
用法
例句
Hw much
用来询问事物的数量,后接不可数名词。常用结构为:Hw much+不可数名词+其他?
Hw much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?
用来询问价格时,可单独使用,也可构成词组hw much mney。常用结构: Hw much+is/are+主语?(相当于What's the price f …?)
—Hw much is the eraser?这块橡皮擦多少钱?
—Ninety tw fen.九角二分。
用来询问事物的重量或数字计算的结果。
—Hw much des the pig weigh?这头猪多重?
—Eighty kils.八十公斤。
Hw many
询问数量,后接可数名词复数。常用结构为:Hw many+可数名词复数+其他?
记忆口诀:hw many在句首,名词复数跟着走,一般问句紧相随,其他成分不要丢。
Hw many classes des Mary have tday?玛丽今天有几节课?
词汇意义及用法
in
意为“穿着;戴着”,后接表示衣服类型或颜色的词
wear
意为“穿;戴;蓄(发、须等)”,宾语可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子、饰物、奖章、胡子等,表示状态
put n
意为“穿上”,宾语一般是衣服、鞋子、帽子等,表示瞬间的动作,不能和时间段连用
dress
意为“给……穿衣服”,宾语是人,dress neself意为“某人自己穿衣服”,get/be dressed意为“穿好衣服”
用法
例词或例句
用于第一次提到的人或事物前
I saw a by sleeping ver there.
用来指一类人或事物中的任何一个
I want t buy an English bk.
表示数量,相当于ne或each
I have a muth, a nse and tw eyes.
指某人或某物,但不具体指明是哪个人或物
A man is waiting fr yu at the gate.
表示类别,泛指某一类人或物
A hrse is bigger than a rabbit.
表示“每一”的意思,相当于every
nce a week; 200 kilmetres an hur
用在such、quite、rather、half、what等词之后
such a busy day; half an hur
用在某些固定搭配中
a bit; in a wrd; have a try
用法
例词或例句
特指有修饰语的或第二次提及的同一事物或谈话双方都知道的某个或某些人或事物
On the right there was a bed. And n the bed there was a ty.
用于由限制性定语所修饰的名词前,指一类人或事物中特定的人或事物
The man n the right is my father.
表示世界上独一无二的东西
the sun; the wrld; the Great Wall
用在单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或事物
The mbile phne is mre useful than the camera.
用在序数词及形容词或副词的最高级之前
the first flr; the tallest building
用在江河、海洋、湖泊、山脉、群岛的名称前
the Changjiang River; the Pacific
用在由普通名词构成的一些表示机构、文娱场所、商店、设施等专有名词前
the Science Museum; the Friendship Stre
用在姓氏的复数形式前,指一家人或一对夫妇
the Smiths; the Wangs
和某些形容词连用,表示一类人,在意义上常是复数
the ld; the rich; the sick
与某些名词所有格连用时表示“在……处”
at the dctr's
用在乐器前
play the guitar
用在next、last、same、nly等词前
the next mment
用在某些固定搭配中
all the year rund; in the end
情况
例词或例句
复数名词和物质名词表示泛指时
Cats like fish, dn't they?
人名、地名、街道名、城市名、洲、省、机场以及大多数大学、公园、节日等专有名词前
Beijing Street; Munt Tai; Baiyun Airprt; Teachers' Day
表示职位、身份、称呼、头衔的名词前
Mr. Green; head f ur prvince
节假日、季节、月份、星期前
Natinal Day; summer; May; Sunday
表示一日三餐、球类、语言、学科、棋类、游戏等名词前
have supper; play ftball
在与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前
by train; by bus
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰时
this bk; my sn; Jack's bike
在某些固定搭配中
day and night; by mistake
专有名词
Einstein, Beijing, CCTV, December, the Spring Festival, the Great Wall...
普通名词
可数
名词
个体
名词
bk, kid, friend, scarf, sweater, bat, library...
集体
名词
peple, class, family,
plice...
不可数
名词
物质
名词
beef, meat, wd, water, air, bread...
抽象
名词
wealth, hnesty, lve, ability, health...
复合名词
grandfather, blackbard, classrm, birthday, husewrk, newspaper...
一般情况直接加-s
map/maps, Indian/Indians, bk/bks, pencil/pencils
以s、 x、 ch、 sh等结尾的单词加-es
brush/brushes, church/churches,watch/watches, dish/dishes
以元音字母+y结尾的单词,直接加-s; 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变y为i, 再加-es
stry/stries, baby/babies, key/keys, city/cities, day/days
以f,fe 结尾的单词,将f或fe改为v再加-es
half/halves, leaf/leaves, shelf/shelves, life/lives, wife/wives
以字母结尾的可数名词
表示有生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-es
tmat/tmates, her/heres, ptat/ptates, Negr/Negres
表示无生命的事物名词,构成复数时加-s
radi/radis, pian/pians, pht/phts, z/zs
注意:zer的复数形式有两种,即zers/zeres
单复数同形
sheep, Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish
把a改为e
man/men, wman/wmen, pliceman/plicemen, Englishman/Englishmen, Frenchman/Frenchmen
变ee式
tth/teeth, ft/feet, gse/geese
词尾加-ren
child/children
只有复数式
trusers, clthes, glasses, cngratulatins, pants, scissrs, glves
物质
名词
食物
bread, meat, rice, fd, salt, wheat, cheese, fish, chicken...
饮料
juice, milk, tea, water, cla, cffee...
自然物质
air, sil, sand, wd...
抽象
名词
情感、概念
peace, lve, friendship, jy, happiness, time, news, ppulatin, knwledge...
学科
Chinese, English, maths, physics, chemistry, plitics, histry...
国家、城市
等专有名词
China, England, Japan, Sydney...
名词
用作可数名词
用作不可数名词
fish
表示条数,单数复数形式相同
意为“鱼肉”
表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es
glass
“玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜”
意为“玻璃”
range
意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s
意为“橙汁;橙色”
rm
意为“房间”,复数加-s
意为“余地;地方;空间”
paper
意为“文件;试卷;
报纸”,复数加-s
意为“纸”
wrk
意为“著作”,复数加-s
意为“工作”
chicken
意为“小鸡”,复数加-s
意为“鸡肉”
light
意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s
意为“光线”
有生命的名词单数
在词尾加“'s”
Lucy's cat
有生命的名词复数
(1)以-s结尾加“'”
the teachers' ffice
(2)不以-s结尾的加“'s”
her children's
hmewrk
表示两者或多者共同拥有
在最后一个名词后加“'s”
Lucy and Lily's desk(Lucy和Lily共同的课桌)
表示两者或多者各自拥有
各名词后都要加上“'s”
Jim's and Sam's
bikes (Jim和Sam各自的自行车)
表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词
单数加“'s”
an hur's walk
复数加“'”
ten minutes' walk
双重所有格
f +'s所有格
tw students f Mr. Wu's
f +名词性物主代词
a friend f mine
f+ne's wn
a huse f my wn
长难句分析
原句:(第二段倒数第二句)At that time,the dg went running back int the huse because he knew Chantal was still there.
译文:那时,这只狗跑回了房子里,因为它知道Chantal还在里面。
分析:本句是一个复合句。because he knew Chantal was still there是because引导的原因状语从句;在该从句中,Chantal was still there是省略了引导词 that的宾语从句,作knew的宾语。
长难句分析
原句:(最后一段第三句)When peple think f me , I want them t frget that I'm a man wh has cerebral palsy.
译文:当人们想起我时,我希望他们忘记我是一个患有脑瘫的人。
分析:这是一个复合句。When peple think f me是when引导的时间状语从句。主句中,that I'm a man wh has cerebral palsy是that引导的宾语从句,作frget的宾语;在该宾语从句中,wh has cerebral palsy是wh引导的定语从句,修饰a man。
长难句分析
原句:(文章最后一句)B even likes t lk at pictures in the bks because that's fun t!
译文:B甚至喜欢看书里的图片,因为那也很有趣!
分析:本句是一个复合句。because that's fun t是because引导的原因状语从句。
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