湖北省2024-2025学年高三下学期4月期中联考英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份湖北省2024-2025学年高三下学期4月期中联考英语试题（原卷版+解析版），共37页。试卷主要包含了答题前，请将自己的姓名，选择题的作答，非选择题作答，考试结束后，请将答题卡上交，7题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答题前，请将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的制定位置。
2、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3、非选择题作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4、考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案写到答题栏上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will Jane d this Friday？
A.G ut f twn.
B.Watch her sister's dg.
C.Have dinner with her classmates.
2.Where des the cnversatin take place？
A.In a bkstre.
B.In a shp.
C.In a restaurant.
3.What wuld the man drink at last？
A.Orange juice.
B.Grape juice.
C.Apple juice.
4.What will the man d？
A.Change the plan.
B.Wait fr a phne call.
C.Srt things ut.
5.What are the speakers talking abut？
A.Organizatin f events.
B.Time management.
C.Reading.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why des the wman ask t g t the chemistry lab？
A.T check the equipment.
B.T fllw the man clsely.
C.T d an experiment again.
7.What des the man remind the wman t d at last？
A.G hme early.
B.Turn ff the light.
C.Lk after herself.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What is the wman？
A.A chef.
B.A waitress.
C.A taxi driver.
9.What des the man say abut the pie？
A.He can't eat it.
B.He desn't like it.
C.He misses the taste very much.
10.Which dessert des the man rder？
A.The chclate cake.
BThe fruit salad.
C.Nthing.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Why des the wman dislike the city？
A.The air is nt fresh.
B.The streets are crwded.
C.It is difficult t park the car.
12.What can we learn abut the man？
A.He lives near his wrkplace.
B.He takes the subway t wrk.
C.He dreams t have a big huse.
13.What des the wman plan t d？
A.Find a new jb.
B.Mve ut f the city.
C.Keep a pet dg.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Where did the wman spend her hliday？
A.In the garden.
B.By the seaside.
C.In the muntains.
15What have the wman's parents been ding recently？
A.Mving.
B.Decrating the huse.
C.Enjying the hliday.
16.Where did the wman live during her hliday？
A.In an apartment.
B.In a strerm.
C.In a tree huse.
17.When will the man cme fr a visit？
A.This year.
B.Next mnth.
C.Next year.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Hw many key cultural sites are expected t be listed under state prtectin in 2020 in China？
A.1，800.
B.1，000.
C.770.
19.What did the Chinese gvernment d with the cultural sites in the 1990s？
A.It passed new laws t prtect them.
B.It spent much mney n their prtectin.
C.It used special technlgy t prtect them.
20.In what aspect des the Chinese gvernment prtect cultural cities？
A.Agricultural technlgy.
B.The natural envirnment.
C.Ancient buildings and traditinal cultures.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Here are several places which will surprise yu.
Death Valley, Califrnia, USA
Very lively at night but cmpletely dead during the day, this place is nthing but dry ht desert. It actually hlds the recrd fr the httest air temperature. It has an average temperature f 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is cnsidered t be a current recrd. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even thugh less than a thusand peple live there.
Kebili, Tunisia
Tunisia’s clse lcatin t the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it shuld be nice and cl but Kebili is a desert twn which has the highest temperature recrded at 55℃. The peple inhabiting the area have adjusted t tugh cnditins and learned t spend mst f their time in the shade. Date palms are ne f the key features f this place.
Wādī Halfā, Sudan
The city is lcated n the shres f Lake Nubia, and dust strms are a pretty cmmn thing in the summer. With an average temperature f 41℃, it still managed t make it t 53℃ in 1967. Yu wuld think that it shuld be a little bit cler fr it is the mst nrthern place in Sudan.
Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran
It’s anther uninhabited desert which is actually getting super ht. In the past 20 years, the temperatures f 70℃ have been recrded. The salt desert spreads ver 200 miles and even wildlife is nt that spread. The place is ppular with turists and naturalists wh wuld like t experience extreme landscapes.
1. What can we say abut Death Valley?
A. There is little rainfall in it.B. Over 1, 000 peple live there.
C. There is nthing but dry ht sand in it.D. Its average temperature is 56.7℃.
2. Which place has the highest temperature ever recrded?
A. Death Valley.B. Dasht-e Lut Desert.
C. Wādī Halfā.D. Kebili.
3. What d the fur places have in cmmn?
A. They are places suitable t settle in.
B. They are lcated clse t deserts.
C. They are the httest places n earth.
D They are mre ppular with turists than ther places.
B
Recently I bught a bk abut signpsts. Signpsts aren’t very interesting, yu’re thinking. Well, that, f curse, depends n whether yu happen t be lst! Ancient travelers wuld have been grateful fr these when settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability t reach shelter fr the night culd be the difference between life and death.
One f the very earliest way-marks discvered is in Cumbria. Dating frm Rman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer plughing his fields came acrss a sandstne shaft (碑文). There are ther stne psts that have std by radsides fr centuries. It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stnes must be built.
This applied t remte parts f the cuntry where there might be cnfusin as t which path led t the nearest market twn. Later, with the appearance f the Ryal Mail, the number rse still further. Nwadays many f these early rad signs are designated (指定) as Listed Mnuments.
“Hw times change!” Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, t whm I laned the bk, exclaimed.
“I suppse nw we all rely far mre upn mbile phnes t guide us.”
“Yet they aren’t perfect. Whenever I g ut, I prefer a map. I never have t wrry abut running ut f battery.” “I’m always grateful t whever is placing way-markers alng the rute,” she added, “I suppse that hwever sure we are, a little utside cnfirmatin is always welcme.”
Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can ffer us a great many chices f path, and smetimes it isn’t easy t knw if we’ve chsen the best ne.
Perhaps when it cmes t gratitude, we shuld als include thanks fr thse peple wh appear in ur lives when we mst need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrng directin, r reassurance that we are n the right track. After all, we’d be lst withut them!
4. What des the underlined wrd “these ” in the first paragraph refer t?
A. Signpsts.B. Abilities.C. Settlements.D. Shelters.
5. What cntributed t the initial spread f signpsts?
A. The market trade.B. The act passed in 1697.
C. The discvery f the sandstne.D. The appearance f the Ryal Mail.
6. What des Lucy think f signpsts?
A. Ppular.B. Outdated.C. Imperfect.D. Helpful.
7. What des the authr learn frm signpsts?
A. T chse right tracks.B. T live a clrful life.
C. T have a grateful mind.D. T ffer practical chices.
C
Scientists at Purdue University created the wrld’s whitest paint — a discvery that nt nly adds yet anther chice t the “which white shuld we paint this wall” dilemma, but als might help the climate crisis.
The paint was develped by Purdue mechanical engineering prfessr Xiulin Ruan and his team. It wrks thrugh a passive cling technlgy that ffers great prmises t reduce space cling cst and glbal warming. “When we started this prject seven years ag, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind,” Ruan said in a pdcast (播客) episde f This Is Purdue. They wanted t create a paint that wuld reflect sunlight away frm a building, dramatically decreasing the need fr air cnditining.
Heating, cling, and lighting accunt fr 28 percent f the wrld’s ttal greenhuse gas emissins. And verusing air cnditining can verwhelm a city’s pwer grid and cause blackuts (停电). In a Queens blackut in 2006, 175,000 peple were left withut pwer, which lead t 40 deaths. This paint culd effectively be an alternative t air cnditiners in sme places.
The paint reflects 98.1%f slar radiatin while als giving ut infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat frm the sun than it gives ut, a surface cated with this paint is cled belw the surrunding temperature withut using pwer. Cvering a rf area f 1,000 square feet with the paint culd create 10 kilwatts fcling pwer, the researchers fund.“That’s mre pwerful than the air cnditiners used by mst huses,”Ruan tld This Is Purdue.
Yu can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a cmpany t put the paint n the market. While individual actin t fight elimate change can help save ur planet, it’s imprtant t nte that the vast majrity f the wrld’s greenhuse gas emissins can be traced back t 100cmpanies. Maybe we can duse(浇) thse cmpanies with this white paint, t — it culd be wrth a sht.
8. What is knwn abut the paint?
A. It has different clrs.B. It desn’t cst much.
C. It uses heating technlgy.D. It is climate-friendly.
9. What is the Queens blackut mentined t shw?
A. The pr management f pwer.B. The significance f the paint.
C. The imprtance f air cnditining.D. The result f glbal warming.
10. Which aspect f the paint is talked abut in Paragraph 4?
A. Its applicatin.B. Its functin.
C. Its cmpsitin.D. Its disadvantage.
11. What can be learned frm the last paragraph?
A. The quality f the paint needs imprving.
B. The paint will bring prfits t the 100 cmpanies.
C. Researchers want t see the paint in cmmercial use.
D. Individual effrts matter in creating the whitest paint.
D
Human respnses t mral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbt ChatGPT, accrding t a study published in Scientific Reprts. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent t which their wn mral judgments can be influenced by the chatbt.
Sebastian Krigel and clleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right t sacrifice (牺牲) the life f ne persn in rder t save the lives f five thers. They fund that ChatGPT wrte randm statements arguing bth fr and against sacrificing ne life, indicating that it is nt biased twards a certain mral stance (立场).
The authrs then presented 767 U. S. participants, wh were n average 39 years ld, with a dilemma whether t sacrifice ne persn’s life t save five thers. Befre answering, participants read a statement prvided by ChatGPT arguing either fr r against sacrificing ne life t save five. Statements were frm either a mral advisr r ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent f participants reprted that their answers were nt influenced by the statements they read. Hwever, the authrs fund that the answers participants believed they wuld have prvided withut reading the statements were still mre likely t agree with the mral stance f the statement they did read than with the ppsite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.
The authrs suggest that the ptential fr chatbts t influence human mral judgments highlights the need fr educatin t help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They prpse that future research shuld design chatbts that either decline t answer questins requiring a mral judgment r answer these questins by prviding multiple arguments and warnings.
12. What are ChatGPT’s answers t a certain mral stance like accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. Incnsistent.B. Valuable.C. Creative.D. Simple.
13. What is learned abut the participants?
A. They admitted the pwer f ChatGPT.
B. They were interviewed by a mral advisr.
C. They were affected by ChatGPT unknwingly.
D. They were presented with different mral dilemmas.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Different findings f the study.B. Future ptentials fr chatbts.
C. Majr fcuses f future educatin.D. Slutins t the impact f chatbts.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. ChatGPT Tends t Cause Mral PanicsB. ChatGPT: Is It Likely t Affect Our Life?
C. ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us S Nervus?D. ChatGPT Can Influence Human Mral Judgments
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu travel t nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, yu will see peple, mstly men wearing T-shirts, sitting ut n the sidewalks n lw chairs in the shade, playing a game with large rund disks f wd. ____16____ Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States perid. While experts have different pinins as t wh created Xiangqi and hw it is linked t Western chess, there is n dubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a ppular game in China. ____17____ And in the 20th century bth Sun Yat-sen and Zhu Enlai were big fans f the game.
And, thugh it may lk quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can d and hw the game is played. Like Western chess, the bject f the game is t capture the ther player’s “king”. ____18____
Unlike Western chess, instead f placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed n the intersectins f lines. Anther big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle f the bard, which the elephants cannt crss. ____19____ This space refers t an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-r-death war. The war was s influential that “the Chu River and the Han Bundary” has becme a metaphr(隐喻)referring t any bundary between tw ppsing armies. When the Chinese peple tday see this name n the bard, the battle scenes cme t their mind, as thugh they are surrunded by thick smke, able t hear the beating f war drums. ____20____
A. Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general.
B. During the Qing Dynasty its ppularity grew.
C. It is called “the Chu River and the Han Bundary”.
D. The game is called Xiangqi, a game f rdinary peple.
E. There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess.
F An intense battle is abut t take place n this small chessbard.
G. Several sayings related t Xiangqi are in cmmn use in China tday.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One summer night in a seaside cttage, a small by was in bed, sund asleep. Suddenly, he felt himself ____21____frm bed and carried in his father’s arms n t the beach. Overhead was the clear starry sky. “Watch!” As his father spke,____22____, ne f the stars mved. It ____23____acrss the sky like a glden fire. And befre the ____24____f this culd fade, anther star leapt frm its place, then anther...
“What is it?” the child asked in ____25____.
“Shting stars. They____26____every year n a certain night in August.”
That was all: just an ____27____encunter f smething magic and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child stared int the dark, with mind full f the falling stars.
I was the____28____seven-year-ld by whse father believed that a new experience ____29____mre fr a small by than an unbrken night’s sleep.
That night my father pened a dr fr his child, leading him int an area f splendid____30____.Children are naturally curius, but they need smene t____31____them. This art f adding new dimensins t a child’s wrld desn’t ____32____require a great deal f time. It simply____33____ding things mre ften with children instead f fr them r t them. Gd parents knw this: The mst precius gift they can give a child is t spark their flame f ____34____That night is still deeply____35____in my memry. Next year, when August cmes with its shting stars, my sn will be seven.
21. A. hiddenB. rbbedC. liftedD. kicked
22. A. incrediblyB. accidentallyC. apparentlyD. actually
23. A. expldedB. circledC. spreadD. flashed
24. A. successB. wnderC. exhibitinD. discvery
25. A. amazementB. hrrrC. reliefD. delight
26. A. blw upB. turn upC. shw ffD. give ut
27. A. uncmfrtableB. unbearableC. undetectedD. unexpected
28. A. curiusB. determinedC. frtunateD. chsen
29. A. wrkedB. matteredC. deservedD. prved
30. A. newnessB. emptinessC. freedmD. innvatin
31. A. prtectB. challengeC. guideD. believe
32. A. abslutelyB. basicallyC. pssiblyD. necessarily
33. A. invlvesB. risksC. admitsD. resists
34. A. hpeB. curisityC. faithD. wisdm
35. A. trappedB. setC. lstD. rted
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mst peple like t start their day with a nice ht drink. But what heats up must cl dwn, and that can be frustrating if yu haven’t finished yur drink. Nw, prfessr Dr. Aln Grdetsky in University f Califrnia Irvine reveals a new inventin: a thermregulatry (温度调节的) material____36____ imitates the way ctpus (章鱼)skin wrks.
Grdetsky ____37____ (fall) in lve with ctpuses the mment he saw a vide f an ctpus hiding itself in a rck, which led him t create the material ____38____ (inspire) by ctpus skin. Octpuses have the amazing ability t hide____39____ (they) in their envirnments, using unique rgans in their skin that can shrink and expand within secnds. As a result, ctpus skin can reflect different____40____ (wavelength) f clur. It is this aspect f ctpus bilgy that was the inspiratin fr the ____41____ (develp) f the new material. The new material acts like ctpus skin, expanding r cntracting t reflect heat instead f clr.
This new material culd be used____42____ (create) emergency heating blankets, and it can even help keep yur cmputers ____43____ verheating. Best f all, ____44____ new thermregulatry material is inexpensive t prduce, and very envirnmentally friendly as it is durable and____45____ (easy) reusable.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
46. 你校英文报就“英语课外阅读对学生产生的影响”进行了问卷调查。请你根据下面的调查数据写一篇短文，内容包括：
1.调查结果描述；
2.课外阅读倡议。
参考词汇：extracurricular课外的
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Maria and Peter lived in a castal city. The greatest pleasure in summer fr them was t swim at their lcal beach after schl. But ne day they started t lse their enthusiasm fr swimming in the waters. Mre ften than nt, they wuld find plastic bags thrwn n the beach. Wrse sill, as they swam in the water, sme plastic bags wuld flat arund them and even stick t their legs when they walked t the shre.
They were upset and decided smething needed t be dne t stp the beautiful sea becming cnsumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brught a big bag t the beach and determined t clean it up. Sweat streamed dwn frm their frehead while they bent dwn and picked up the plastic bags. T their disappintment, after a day’s hard wrk, there were still many plastic bags lying n the beach r flating in the water. Ging hme with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almst defeated by a strng sense f failure.
That night ver dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Nticing their lw spirits, Mther asked gently, “Yu tw lked s dwn. What happened?”Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a lw vice,“It’s thse annying plastic bags. We tried t clean up but it was just impssible.”Understanding the pair’s disappintment, their father patted them n the back and cmfrted,”Well, it’s really hard fr just tw f yu t fix such a big prblem.”“Just tw f us.”cmplained Maria and Peter, lking at each ther.Suddenly, an idea lashed thrugh their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the pint! We shuld make mre peple aware f the prblem and encurage them t take actin!” the pair said in chrus.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Excited and nervus, they psted the vide and article n WeChat.
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湖北省部分高中协作体2024--2025学年下学期期中联考
高三英语试题
全卷满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1、答题前，请将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的制定位置。
2、选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3、非选择题作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4、考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案写到答题栏上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will Jane d this Friday？
A.G ut f twn.
B.Watch her sister's dg.
C.Have dinner with her classmates.
2.Where des the cnversatin take place？
A.In a bkstre.
B.In a shp.
C.In a restaurant.
3.What wuld the man drink at last？
A.Orange juice.
B.Grape juice.
C.Apple juice.
4.What will the man d？
A.Change the plan.
B.Wait fr a phne call.
C.Srt things ut.
5.What are the speakers talking abut？
A.Organizatin f events.
B.Time management.
C.Reading.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why des the wman ask t g t the chemistry lab？
A.T check the equipment.
B.T fllw the man clsely.
C.T d an experiment again.
7.What des the man remind the wman t d at last？
A.G hme early.
B.Turn ff the light.
C.Lk after herself.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What is the wman？
A.A chef.
B.A waitress.
C.A taxi driver.
9.What des the man say abut the pie？
A.He can't eat it.
B.He desn't like it.
C.He misses the taste very much.
10.Which dessert des the man rder？
A.The chclate cake.
B.The fruit salad.
C.Nthing.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Why des the wman dislike the city？
A.The air is nt fresh.
B.The streets are crwded.
C.It is difficult t park the car.
12.What can we learn abut the man？
A.He lives near his wrkplace.
B.He takes the subway t wrk.
C.He dreams t have a big huse.
13.What des the wman plan t d？
A.Find a new jb.
B.Mve ut f the city.
C.Keep a pet dg.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.Where did the wman spend her hliday？
A.In the garden.
B.By the seaside.
C.In the muntains.
15.What have the wman's parents been ding recently？
A.Mving.
B.Decrating the huse.
C.Enjying the hliday.
16.Where did the wman live during her hliday？
A.In an apartment.
B.In a strerm.
C.In a tree huse.
17.When will the man cme fr a visit？
A.This year.
B.Next mnth.
C.Next year.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.Hw many key cultural sites are expected t be listed under state prtectin in 2020 in China？
A.1，800.
B.1，000.
C.770.
19.What did the Chinese gvernment d with the cultural sites in the 1990s？
A.It passed new laws t prtect them.
B.It spent much mney n their prtectin.
C.It used special technlgy t prtect them.
20.In what aspect des the Chinese gvernment prtect cultural cities？
A.Agricultural technlgy.
B.The natural envirnment.
C.Ancient buildings and traditinal cultures.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Here are several places which will surprise yu.
Death Valley, Califrnia, USA
Very lively at night but cmpletely dead during the day, this place is nthing but dry ht desert. It actually hlds the recrd fr the httest air temperature. It has an average temperature f 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is cnsidered t be a current recrd. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even thugh less than a thusand peple live there.
Kebili, Tunisia
Tunisia’s clse lcatin t the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it shuld be nice and cl but Kebili is a desert twn which has the highest temperature recrded at 55℃. The peple inhabiting the area have adjusted t tugh cnditins and learned t spend mst f their time in the shade. Date palms are ne f the key features f this place.
Wādī Halfā, Sudan
The city is lcated n the shres f Lake Nubia, and dust strms are a pretty cmmn thing in the summer. With an average temperature f 41℃, it still managed t make it t 53℃ in 1967. Yu wuld think that it shuld be a little bit cler fr it is the mst nrthern place in Sudan.
Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran
It’s anther uninhabited desert which is actually getting super ht. In the past 20 years, the temperatures f 70℃ have been recrded. The salt desert spreads ver 200 miles and even wildlife is nt that spread. The place is ppular with turists and naturalists wh wuld like t experience extreme landscapes.
1. What can we say abut Death Valley?
A. There is little rainfall in it.B. Over 1, 000 peple live there.
C. There is nthing but dry ht sand in it.D. Its average temperature is 56.7℃.
2. Which place has the highest temperature ever recrded?
A. Death Valley.B. Dasht-e Lut Desert.
C. Wādī Halfā.D. Kebili.
3. What d the fur places have in cmmn?
A. They are places suitable t settle in.
B. They are lcated clse t deserts.
C. They are the httest places n earth.
D. They are mre ppular with turists than ther places.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让人大吃一惊的四个不同的地方，它们共同的特点是都非常炎热。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Death Valley, Califrnia, USA”下文详细介绍“Very lively at night but cmpletely dead during the day, this place is nthing but dry ht desert. It actually hlds the recrd fr the httest air temperature. It has an average temperature f 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is cnsidered t be a current recrd. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even thugh less than a thusand peple live there.( 这个地方晚上很热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，只不过是干热沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干旱的地方，这个地方实际上有人居住，尽管那里只有不到1000人。)”可知 Death Valley是美国最干旱的地区；由此可知，这个地方很少下雨。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Death Valley, Califrnia, USA”下文中的“It actually hlds the recrd fr the httest air temperature. It has an average temperature f 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is cnsidered t be a current recrd. (它实际上保持着最高气温的记录。它的平均气温为46℃，但在1913年达到了56.7℃，被认为是目前的记录。)”、“Kebili, Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’s clse lcatin t the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it shuld be nice and cl but Kebili is a desert twn which has the highest temperature recrded at 55℃.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。)”、“Wādī Halfā, Sudan”下文中的“With an average temperature f 41℃, it still managed t make it t 53℃ in 1967. (这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran”下文中的“It’s anther uninhabited desert which is actually getting super ht. In the past 20 years, the temperatures f 70℃ have been recrded. (这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，已有温度达到了70℃的记录。)”可知，有记载的最高温度在伊朗的Dasht-e Lut 沙漠，达到70℃。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Death Valley, Califrnia, USA”下文中的“Very lively at night but cmpletely dead during the day, this place is nthing but dry ht desert. It actually hlds the recrd fr the httest air temperature. It has an average temperature f 46℃ but it has reached 56.7℃ in 1913 and is cnsidered t be a current recrd. As the driest place in the USA, this place is actually inhabited even thugh less than a thusand peple live there.(晚上非常热闹，但白天完全死气沉沉，这个地方只不过是干燥炎热的沙漠。它实际上保持着最热空气温度的记录。它的平均温度为46°C，但在1913年已达到56.7°C，被认为是目前的记录。作为美国最干燥的地方，这个地方实际上也有人居住，尽管只有不到一千人居住在那里。)”、“Kebili, Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’s clse lcatin t the Mediterranean Sea suggests that it shuld be nice and cl but Kebili is a desert twn which has the highest temperature recrded at 55℃. The peple inhabiting the area have adjusted t tugh cnditins and learned t spend mst f their time in the shade. (突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它应该是凉爽宜人的，但Kebili是一个沙漠小镇，有记录的最高温度为55℃。居住在该地区的人们已经适应了恶劣的条件，并学会了大部分时间都在阴凉处度过。)”、“Wādī Halfā, Sudan”下文中的“The city is lcated n the shres f Lake Nubia, and dust strms are a pretty cmmn thing in the summer. With an average temperature f 41℃, it still managed t make it t 53℃ in 1967. (这座城市位于努比亚湖畔，沙尘暴在夏天是很常见的事情。这里的平均气温为41℃，但在1967年却达到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-e Lut Desert, Iran”下文中的“It’s anther uninhabited desert which is actually getting super ht. In the past 20 years, the temperatures f 70℃ have been recrded. The salt desert spreads ver 200 miles and even wildlife is nt that spread. The place is ppular with turists and naturalists wh wuld like t experience extreme landscapes. (这是另一个无人居住的沙漠，实际上变得超级热。在过去的20年里，气温达到了70℃。盐沙漠绵延200多英里，甚至连野生动物都没有那么广泛。这个地方很受想体验极端风景的游客和博物学家的欢迎。)”可知，这四个地区共同之处是它们都是地球上最热的地方。故选C。
B
Recently I bught a bk abut signpsts. Signpsts aren’t very interesting, yu’re thinking. Well, that, f curse, depends n whether yu happen t be lst! Ancient travelers wuld have been grateful fr these when settlements were smaller and further apart. In winter, the ability t reach shelter fr the night culd be the difference between life and death.
One f the very earliest way-marks discvered is in Cumbria. Dating frm Rman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer plughing his fields came acrss a sandstne shaft (碑文). There are ther stne psts that have std by radsides fr centuries. It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stnes must be built.
This applied t remte parts f the cuntry where there might be cnfusin as t which path led t the nearest market twn. Later, with the appearance f the Ryal Mail, the number rse still further. Nwadays many f these early rad signs are designated (指定) as Listed Mnuments.
“Hw times change!” Lucy, an enthusiastic walker, t whm I laned the bk, exclaimed.
“I suppse nw we all rely far mre upn mbile phnes t guide us.”
“Yet they aren’t perfect. Whenever I g ut, I prefer a map. I never have t wrry abut running ut f battery.” “I’m always grateful t whever is placing way-markers alng the rute,” she added, “I suppse that hwever sure we are, a little utside cnfirmatin is always welcme.”
Lucy is quite right there. Life itself can ffer us a great many chices f path, and smetimes it isn’t easy t knw if we’ve chsen the best ne.
Perhaps when it cmes t gratitude, we shuld als include thanks fr thse peple wh appear in ur lives when we mst need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrng directin, r reassurance that we are n the right track. After all, we’d be lst withut them!
4. What des the underlined wrd “these ” in the first paragraph refer t?
A. Signpsts.B. Abilities.C. Settlements.D. Shelters.
5. What cntributed t the initial spread f signpsts?
A. The market trade.B. The act passed in 1697.
C. The discvery f the sandstne.D. The appearance f the Ryal Mail.
6. What des Lucy think f signpsts?
A. Ppular.B. Outdated.C. Imperfect.D. Helpful.
7. What des the authr learn frm signpsts?
A. T chse right tracks.B. T live a clrful life.
C T have a grateful mind.D. T ffer practical chices.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者最近买了一本关于路标的书，以及从书中掌握了解到关于路标的知识。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Recently I bught a bk abut signpsts. Signpsts aren’t very interesting, yu’re thinking. Well, that, f curse, depends n whether yu happen t be lst!(最近我买了一本关于路标的书。你在想，路标没什么意思。嗯，那当然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及划线词所在句“Ancient travelers wuld have been grateful fr these when settlements were smaller and further apart.(当定居点更小、距离更远的时候，古代旅行者会很感激这些)”可知，划线单词these指的就是上文中提到的路标。故选A项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“One f the very earliest waymarks discvered is in Cumbria. Dating frm Rman times, it had lain fallen until 1836, when a farmer plughing his fields came acrss a sandstne shaft (碑文). There are ther stne psts that have std by radsides fr centuries. It wasn’t until 1697 that an act was passed declaring that guide-stnes must be built.(最早发现的路标之一是在坎布里亚郡。它始建于罗马时代，直到1836年，一个农民在耕地时偶然发现了一个砂岩井。还有一些石柱已经矗立在路边几个世纪了。直到1697年才通过一项法案，宣布必须建造路标)”可知，1697年通过的法案促成了路标最初的传播。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段““Yet they aren’t perfect. Whenever I g ut, I prefer a map. I never have t wrry abut running ut f battery.” “I’m always grateful t whever is placing way-markers alng the rute,” she added, “I suppse that hwever sure we are, a little utside cnfirmatin is always welcme.” (“然而，它们并不完美。无论我什么时候出去，我都喜欢带着地图。我从来不用担心没电了。“无论谁在沿途设置路标，我都很感激，”她补充说，“我想，无论我们多么确定，一点外界的确认总是受欢迎的。”)”可推知，露西对路标的看法是认为它是有帮助的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps when it cmes t gratitude, we shuld als include thanks fr thse peple wh appear in ur lives when we mst need them — either giving us gentle warning that we might be heading in the wrng directin, r reassurance that we are n the right track.(也许说到感恩，我们也应该感谢那些在我们最需要他们的时候出现在我们生活中的人——他们要么温和地警告我们可能走错了方向，要么安慰我们走在正确的道路上。毕竟，没有他们我们会迷路的！)”可推知，作者从路标中学到了要有感恩的心。故选C项。
C
Scientists at Purdue University created the wrld’s whitest paint — a discvery that nt nly adds yet anther chice t the “which white shuld we paint this wall” dilemma, but als might help the climate crisis.
The paint was develped by Purdue mechanical engineering prfessr Xiulin Ruan and his team. It wrks thrugh a passive cling technlgy that ffers great prmises t reduce space cling cst and glbal warming. “When we started this prject seven years ag, we had saving energy and fighting climate change in mind,” Ruan said in a pdcast (播客) episde f This Is Purdue. They wanted t create a paint that wuld reflect sunlight away frm a building, dramatically decreasing the need fr air cnditining.
Heating, cling, and lighting accunt fr 28 percent f the wrld’s ttal greenhuse gas emissins. And verusing air cnditining can verwhelm a city’s pwer grid and cause blackuts (停电). In a Queens blackut in 2006, 175,000 peple were left withut pwer, which lead t 40 deaths. This paint culd effectively be an alternative t air cnditiners in sme places.
The paint reflects 98.1%f slar radiatin while als giving ut infrared (红外线的) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat frm the sun than it gives ut, a surface cated with this paint is cled belw the surrunding temperature withut using pwer. Cvering a rf area f 1,000 square feet with the paint culd create 10 kilwatts fcling pwer, the researchers fund.“That’s mre pwerful than the air cnditiners used by mst huses,”Ruan tld This Is Purdue.
Yu can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a cmpany t put the paint n the market. While individual actin t fight elimate change can help save ur planet, it’s imprtant t nte that the vast majrity f the wrld’s greenhuse gas emissins can be traced back t 100cmpanies. Maybe we can duse(浇) thse cmpanies with this white paint, t — it culd be wrth a sht.
8. What is knwn abut the paint?
A. It has different clrs.B. It desn’t cst much.
C. It uses heating technlgy.D. It is climate-friendly.
9. What is the Queens blackut mentined t shw?
A. The pr management f pwer.B. The significance f the paint.
C. The imprtance f air cnditining.D. The result f glbal warming.
10. Which aspect f the paint is talked abut in Paragraph 4?
A. Its applicatin.B. Its functin.
C. Its cmpsitin.D. Its disadvantage.
11. What can be learned frm the last paragraph?
A. The quality f the paint needs imprving.
B. The paint will bring prfits t the 100 cmpanies.
C. Researchers want t see the paint in cmmercial use.
D. Individual effrts matter in creating the whitest paint.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了普渡大学的科学家们创造了世界上最白的涂料——这一发现不仅为“我们应该把这面墙涂成哪种白色”的困境增加了另一个选择，而且可能有助于解决气候危机。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The paint was develped by Purdue mechanical engineering prfessr Xiulin Ruan and his team. It wrks thrugh a passive cling technlgy that ffers great prmises t reduce space cling cst and glbal warming.”（这种涂料是由普渡大学机械工程教授阮秀林和他的团队开发的。它的工作原理是一种被动冷却技术，这种技术很有希望降低空间冷却成本和全球变暖。）可知，关于涂料我们知道它是气候友好型的。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“In a Queens blackut in 2006,175,000 peple were left withut pwer, which lead t 40 deaths. This paint culd effectively be an alternative t air cnditiners in sme places.”（在2006年皇后区的一次大停电中，17.5万人没有电，导致40人死亡。在一些地方，这种涂料可以有效地替代空调。）可推知，皇后区停电事件是为了说明涂料的意义。故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“The paint reflects 98.1%f slar radiatin while als giving ut infrared (红外线) heat. Because the paint takes in less heat frm the sun than it gives ut, a surface cated with this paint is cled belw the surrunding temperature withut using pwer. Cvering a rf area f 1,000 square feet with the paint culd create 10 kilwatts fcling pwer, the researchers fund. “That’s mre pwerful than the air cnditiners used by mst huses,”Ruan tld This Is Purdue.”（这种涂料能反射98.1%的太阳辐射，同时还能发出红外线。由于这种涂料从太阳吸收的热量比散发的热量少，涂上这种涂料的表面可以在不使用电力的情况下冷却到周围温度以下。研究人员发现，用这种涂料覆盖1000平方英尺的屋顶可以产生10千瓦的冷却功率。“这比大多数家庭使用的空调更强大，”阮告诉This Is Purdue。）可知，第4段主要谈论了涂料的功能方面的内容。故选B项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu can’t buy the paint just yet, but researchers are partnering with a cmpany t put the paint n the market. While individual actin t fight elimate change can help save ur planet, it’s imprtant t nte that the vast majrity f the wrld’s greenhuse gas emissins can be traced back t 100cmpanies. Maybe we can duse(浇) thse cmpanies with this white paint, t — it culd be wrth a sht.”（你现在还不能买到这种涂料，但研究人员正在与一家公司合作，将这种涂料推向市场。虽然个人行动对抗气候变化可以帮助拯救我们的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上绝大多数温室气体排放可以追溯到100家公司。也许我们可以把这些公司也涂上这种白漆——值得一试。）可推知，从最后一段可以得知研究人员希望看到这种涂料在商业上的应用。故选C项。
D
Human respnses t mral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbt ChatGPT, accrding t a study published in Scientific Reprts. The findings indicate that users may underestimate the extent t which their wn mral judgments can be influenced by the chatbt.
Sebastian Krigel and clleagues asked ChatGPT multiple times whether it is right t sacrifice (牺牲) the life f ne persn in rder t save the lives f five thers. They fund that ChatGPT wrte randm statements arguing bth fr and against sacrificing ne life, indicating that it is nt biased twards a certain mral stance (立场).
The authrs then presented 767 U. S. participants, wh were n average 39 years ld, with a dilemma whether t sacrifice ne persn’s life t save five thers. Befre answering, participants read a statement prvided by ChatGPT arguing either fr r against sacrificing ne life t save five. Statements were frm either a mral advisr r ChatGPT. After answering, participants were asked whether the statement they read influenced their answers.
Eighty percent f participants reprted that their answers were nt influenced by the statements they read. Hwever, the authrs fund that the answers participants believed they wuld have prvided withut reading the statements were still mre likely t agree with the mral stance f the statement they did read than with the ppsite stance. This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.
The authrs suggest that the ptential fr chatbts t influence human mral judgments highlights the need fr educatin t help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They prpse that future research shuld design chatbts that either decline t answer questins requiring a mral judgment r answer these questins by prviding multiple arguments and warnings.
12. What are ChatGPT’s answers t a certain mral stance like accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. Incnsistent.B. Valuable.C. Creative.D. Simple.
13. What is learned abut the participants?
A. They admitted the pwer f ChatGPT.
B. They were interviewed by a mral advisr.
C. They were affected by ChatGPT unknwingly.
D. They were presented with different mral dilemmas.
14. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. Different findings f the study.B. Future ptentials fr chatbts.
C. Majr fcuses f future educatin.D. Slutins t the impact f chatbts.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. ChatGPT Tends t Cause Mral PanicsB. ChatGPT: Is It Likely t Affect Our Life?
C. ChatGPT:Why Is It Making Us S Nervus?D. ChatGPT Can Influence Human Mral Judgments
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写语句的影响。文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“They fund that ChatGPT wrte randm statements arguing bth fr and against sacrificing ne life, indicating that it is nt biased twards a certain mral stance (立场).(他们发现，ChatGPT随机写出支持或反对牺牲一条生命的陈述，这表明它并不偏向于某种道德立场)”可推知，ChatGPT对某种道德立场的回答不一致。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”可知，参与者在不知不觉中受到了ChatGPT的影响。故选C。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The authrs suggest that the ptential fr chatbts t influence human mral judgments highlights the need fr educatin t help humans better understand artificial intelligence. They prpse that future research shuld design chatbts that either decline t answer questins requiring a mral judgment r answer these questins by prviding multiple arguments and warnings.(作者认为，聊天机器人影响人类道德判断的潜力凸显了教育的必要性，以帮助人类更好地理解人工智能。他们提出，未来的研究应该设计出这样的聊天机器人：要么拒绝回答需要道德判断的问题，要么通过提供多种论证和警告来回答这些问题)”可知，最后一段主要讲解决聊天机器人影响人类道德判断力的方法。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Human respnses t mral dilemmas (两难选择) can be influenced by statements written by the artificial intelligence chatbt ChatGPT, accrding t a study published in Scientific Reprts.(发表在《科学报告》上的一项研究表明，人类对道德困境的反应可能会受到人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT所写言论的影响)”以及倒数第二段“This indicates that participants may have underestimated the influence f ChatGPT’s statements n their wn mral judgments.(这表明参与者可能低估了ChatGPT的陈述对他们自己道德判断的影响)”并结合文章介绍了研究开展的经过以及发现，最后提到了解决聊天机器人影响的方法。可知，D选项“ChatGPT可以影响人类的道德判断”最符合文章标题。故选D。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu travel t nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, yu will see peple, mstly men wearing T-shirts, sitting ut n the sidewalks n lw chairs in the shade, playing a game with large rund disks f wd. ____16____ Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States perid. While experts have different pinins as t wh created Xiangqi and hw it is linked t Western chess, there is n dubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a ppular game in China. ____17____ And in the 20th century bth Sun Yat-sen and Zhu Enlai were big fans f the game.
And, thugh it may lk quite a bit different than Western chess, Xiangqi is actually quite similar in what the pieces can d and hw the game is played. Like Western chess, the bject f the game is t capture the ther player’s “king”. ____18____
Unlike Western chess, instead f placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed n the intersectins f lines. Anther big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle f the bard, which the elephants cannt crss. ____19____ This space refers t an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-r-death war. The war was s influential that “the Chu River and the Han Bundary” has becme a metaphr(隐喻)referring t any bundary between tw ppsing armies. When the Chinese peple tday see this name n the bard, the battle scenes cme t their mind, as thugh they are surrunded by thick smke, able t hear the beating f war drums. ____20____
A. Actually, in Xiangqi he is just a general.
B. During the Qing Dynasty its ppularity grew.
C. It is called “the Chu River and the Han Bundary”.
D. The game is called Xiangqi, a game f rdinary peple.
E. There are many differences between Xiangqi and Western chess.
F. An intense battle is abut t take place n this small chessbard.
G Several sayings related t Xiangqi are in cmmn use in China tday.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。
【16题详解】
上文“If yu travel t nearly any Chinese city in the summertime, yu will see peple, mstly men wearing T-shirts, sitting ut n the sidewalks n lw chairs in the shade, playing a game with large rund disks f wd. ”（如果你在夏天去中国的任何一个城市旅行，你会看到人们，大多数是穿着 T 恤的男人，坐在人行道上的阴凉处的矮椅子上，用大圆盘木头玩游戏）描述了下象棋的景象，下文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States perid. ”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国）介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，所以空处应该指出这个游戏是象棋，D项“这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏”符合逻辑关系。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Xiangqi dates back as early as the Warring States perid. While experts have different pinins as t wh created Xiangqi and hw it is linked t Western chess, there is n dubt that by the Tang Dynasty Xiangqi was a ppular game in China. ”（象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏）介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。这里是按时间顺序：战国时期—唐朝，所以空处应该按照时间讲唐朝之后的一个时期，象棋的发展情形。B项“在清朝时期，它的知名度增加了”符合时间逻辑关系。故选B。
【18题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Like Western chess, the bject f the game is t capture the ther player’s “king”. ”（和西洋象棋一样，这个游戏的目的是捕捉对手的“国王”）推知，空处应该讲述中国象棋中的“王”，A项“其实在象棋里他只是个将军。”符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
上文“Unlike Western chess, instead f placing the pieces in squares, the pieces are placed n the intersectins f lines. Anther big difference between Western chess and Xiangqi is that there is a large empty space in the middle f the bard, which the elephants cannt crss. ”（与西方国际象棋不同，棋子不是放在正方形中，而是放在直线的交叉点上。象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过）提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“This space refers t an area in China where Liu Bang and Xiang Yu had a life-r-death war. ”（这个空间指的是中国的一个地区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战）提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“它被称为“楚河汉界””符合逻辑。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“The war was s influential that “the Chu River and the Han Bundary” has becme a metaphr(隐喻)referring t any bundary between tw ppsing armies. When the Chinese peple tday see this name n the bard, the battle scenes cme t their mind, as thugh they are surrunded by thick smke, able t hear the beating f war drums. ”（这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在黑板上，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声）提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，因此下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F项“一场激烈的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行”符合逻辑。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One summer night in a seaside cttage, a small by was in bed, sund asleep. Suddenly, he felt himself ____21____frm bed and carried in his father’s arms n t the beach. Overhead was the clear starry sky. “Watch!” As his father spke,____22____, ne f the stars mved. It ____23____acrss the sky like a glden fire. And befre the ____24____f this culd fade, anther star leapt frm its place, then anther...
“What is it?” the child asked in ____25____.
“Shting stars. They____26____every year n a certain night in August.”
That was all: just an ____27____encunter f smething magic and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child stared int the dark, with mind full f the falling stars.
I was the____28____seven-year-ld by whse father believed that a new experience ____29____mre fr a small by than an unbrken night’s sleep.
That night, my father pened a dr fr his child, leading him int an area f splendid____30____.Children are naturally curius, but they need smene t____31____them. This art f adding new dimensins t a child’s wrld desn’t ____32____require a great deal f time. It simply____33____ding things mre ften with children instead f fr them r t them. Gd parents knw this: The mst precius gift they can give a child is t spark their flame f ____34____That night is still deeply____35____in my memry. Next year, when August cmes with its shting stars, my sn will be seven.
21. A. hiddenB. rbbedC. liftedD. kicked
22. A. incrediblyB. accidentallyC. apparentlyD. actually
23. A. expldedB. circledC. spreadD. flashed
24. A. successB. wnderC. exhibitinD. discvery
25. A. amazementB. hrrrC. reliefD. delight
26. A. blw upB. turn upC. shw ffD. give ut
27. A. uncmfrtableB. unbearableC. undetectedD. unexpected
28. A. curiusB. determinedC. frtunateD. chsen
29. A. wrkedB. matteredC. deservedD. prved
30. A. newnessB. emptinessC. freedmD. innvatin
31. A. prtectB. challengeC. guideD. believe
32. A. abslutelyB. basicallyC. pssiblyD. necessarily
33. A. invlvesB. risksC. admitsD. resists
34. A. hpeB. curisityC. faithD. wisdm
35. A. trappedB. setC. lstD. rted
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了我的父亲在我七岁时的一个晚上抱我到海滩看流星，激发了我的好奇心。进而提到好的父母都知道给孩子的最珍贵的礼物就是激发他们的好奇心。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，他感到自己被从床上抱起来，被父亲抱到海滩上。A. hidden隐藏；B. rbbed抢劫；C. lifted抬起；移开；移动；D. kicked踢。根据下文“and carried in his father’s arms n t the beach”可知，此处指他被父亲从床上抱起来，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：头顶上是晴朗的星空。“看！”当他的父亲说话时，令人难以置信的是，其中一颗星星动了。A. incredibly不可思议地；B. accidentally意外地；C. apparently明显地；D. actually事实上。根据上文“Watch!”及下文“ne f the stars mved”可知，一颗星星在他父亲说话的时候开始移动，这让人觉得不可思议。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它像一团金色的火焰划过天空。A. explded爆炸；B. circled环绕；盘旋；C. spread传播；D. flashed飞速运动；掠过。根据下文“acrss the sky like a glden fire. And befre the 4 f this culd fade, anther star leapt frm its place, then anther...”可知，此处指星星划过夜空，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这奇迹消失之前，另一颗星星从原来的位置跃出，接着又一颗……。A. success成功； B. wnder奇迹； C. exhibitin展览； D. discvery发现。根据上文“ne f the stars mved.”及下文“anther star leapt frm its place, then anther...”可知，一颗接着一颗星星不断的在天空中划过，这是一个奇迹。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是什么？”孩子惊奇地问。A. amazement惊奇；惊愕；B. hrrr惊骇；C. relief安慰；减轻；D. delight高兴。根据上文“ne f the stars mved.”及下文“anther star leapt frm its place, then anther...”可知，星星一颗接着一颗从天空中划过的景象，对孩子来说是很惊讶的事。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“流星。它们每年八月的某个晚上都会出现。”A. blw up爆发；爆炸；B. turn up出现；发生；C. shw ff炫耀；D. give ut用光；耗尽。根据上文“ne f the stars mved.”及下文“anther star leapt frm its place, then anther...”可知，此处指每年八月的某个晚上流星都会出现。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是一切：只是一种神奇而美丽的东西的意外相遇。但是，回到床上，孩子盯着黑暗，满脑子都是流星。A. uncmfrtable不舒服的； B. unbearable难以忍受的； C. undetected未被发现的；未被觉察的； D. unexpected意外的；突如其来的。根据上文“Shting stars”及下文“encunter f smething magic and beautiful”可知，此处指男孩意外看到流星，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我就是那个幸运的七岁男孩，我的父亲认为，对一个小男孩来说，新的经历比一夜的安稳睡眠更重要。A. curius好奇的；B. determined坚定的；坚决的；C. frtunate幸运的；D. chsen被选中的；根据前文讲述的男孩意外看到流星的事情可知，此处作者说自己就是那个幸运的男孩。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wrked起效；B. mattered重要；C. deserved应得到；D. prved证明。根据上文“a new experience ”及下文“mre fr a small by than an unbrken night’s sleep.”可知，此处指新的经历更重要。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，父亲为他的孩子打开了一扇门，把他带进了一片崭新的天地。A. newness新奇；崭新；B. emptiness空虚；空旷；C. freedm自由；D. innvatin创新；革新。根据前文“whse father believed that a new experience 9 mre fr a small by than an unbrken night’s sleep”及下文“This art f adding new dimensins t a child’s wrld ”可知，我的父亲让我相信新的经历更重要，此处指父亲带我看到流星现象，让我了解到新事物。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们天生好奇，但他们需要有人引导。A. prtect保护；B. challenge挑战；C. guide引导；操纵；D. believe相信。根据前文“my father pened a dr fr his child, leading him int an area ”可知，此处指孩子要有人引导。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种为孩子的世界增添新维度的艺术并不一定需要很多时间。A. abslutely绝对地；B. basically基本地；C. pssibly可能地；D. necessarily必需地；根据下文“It simply 13 ding things mre ften with children instead f fr them r t them. ”可知，此处指给孩子的世界增添新维度的艺术并不一定需要很多时间。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它只是需要更多地与孩子们一起做事情，而不是为他们或为他们做事情。A. invlves包含；需要；B. risks冒险；C. admits承认；D. resists抵抗；抵制。根据上文“desn’t 12 require a great deal f time”下文“ding things mre ften with children”可知，为孩子的世界增添新维度需要父母和孩子们一起做事。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的父母知道这一点：他们能给孩子的最珍贵的礼物是激发他们的好奇心。A. hpe希望；B. curisity好奇心；C. faith信任；D. wisdm智慧。根据上文“Children are naturally curius”可知，此处指好的父母知道激发孩子们的好奇心。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个夜晚仍然深深地印在我的记忆里。A. trapped使……陷入困境；B. set设置；C. lst失去；D. rted生根。根据下文“Next year, when August cmes with its shting stars, my sn will be seven.”可知，我打算在明年的八月份的某个夜晚带自己的七岁的孩子看流星，可推知，父亲带我一起看流星的记忆植根于我的记忆，be rted in固定搭配，意为“植根于”。故选D。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mst peple like t start their day with a nice ht drink. But what heats up must cl dwn, and that can be frustrating if yu haven’t finished yur drink. Nw, prfessr Dr. Aln Grdetsky in University f Califrnia Irvine reveals a new inventin: a thermregulatry (温度调节的) material____36____ imitates the way ctpus (章鱼)skin wrks.
Grdetsky ____37____ (fall) in lve with ctpuses the mment he saw a vide f an ctpus hiding itself in a rck, which led him t create the material ____38____ (inspire) by ctpus skin. Octpuses have the amazing ability t hide____39____ (they) in their envirnments, using unique rgans in their skin that can shrink and expand within secnds. As a result, ctpus skin can reflect different____40____ (wavelength) f clur. It is this aspect f ctpus bilgy that was the inspiratin fr the ____41____ (develp) f the new material. The new material acts like ctpus skin, expanding r cntracting t reflect heat instead f clr.
This new material culd be used____42____ (create) emergency heating blankets, and it can even help keep yur cmputers ____43____ verheating. Best f all, ____44____ new thermregulatry material is inexpensive t prduce, and very envirnmentally friendly as it is durable and____45____ (easy) reusable.
【答案】36. which##that
37. fell 38. inspired
39. themselves
40. wavelengths
41. develpment
42. t create
43. frm 44. the
45. easily
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种模仿章鱼皮肤工作方式的体温调节材料。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：现在，加州大学欧文分校的Aln Grdetsky教授揭示了一项新发明：一种模仿章鱼皮肤工作方式的体温调节材料。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a thermregulatry (温度调节的) material，指物，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：Grdetsky在看到一段章鱼藏在岩石中的视频的那一刻就爱上了章鱼，这让他创作了受章鱼皮肤启发的材料。空处为主句谓语动词，根据从句谓语动词saw可知，此处也陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填fell。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。定语从句中已有谓语动词led，空处应填非谓语动词，inspire和逻辑主语material之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填inspired。
【39题详解】
考查代词。句意：章鱼有一种神奇的能力，可以将自己隐藏在环境中，它们皮肤上独特的器官可以在几秒钟内收缩和扩张。当宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语应用反身代词；此处指“章鱼自己”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
【40题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：因此，章鱼的皮肤可以反射不同波长的颜色。wavelength“波长”是可数名词，被different修饰，应用其复数形式。故填wavelengths。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：正是章鱼生物学的这一方面启发了这种新材料的开发。空处应填名词构成名词所有格，develpment“开发”是不可数名词，the develpment f the new matrial“这种新材料的开发”。故填develpment。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种新材料可以用来制造紧急加热毯，它甚至可以帮助防止你的电脑过热。be used t d“被用来做……”，不定式作目的状语。故填t create。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。“使……免受……（的伤害）”是固定短语。故填frm。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：最棒的是，这种新型温度调节材料生产成本低廉，而且非常环保，因为它耐用且易于重复使用。此处特指上文提到的那种新型温度调节材料，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。修饰形容词reusable应用所给词副词形式。故填easily。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
46. 你校英文报就“英语课外阅读对学生产生的影响”进行了问卷调查。请你根据下面的调查数据写一篇短文，内容包括：
1.调查结果描述；
2.课外阅读倡议。
参考词汇：extracurricular课外的
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Recently, ur schl newspaper has cnducted a survey n what English extracurricular reading brings us.
The survey shws the mst percentage, up t 78.2%, ges t Interest in English, which is imprtant fr reading achievement. When peple read extensively, they becme better writers and 73.8% f the students think s. 60.5% f the students believe that extracurricular reading helps them imprve sense f language.
English extracurricular reading has a lt t ffer. Let’s read fr pleasure, fr prficiency and fr wisdm!
【解析】
【导语】本文是开放性作文。要求考生阐述校英文报就“英语课外阅读对学生产生的影响”进行的问卷调查结果。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：Recently→lately
实施：cnduct→carry ut
重要的：imprtant→be f imprtance
提供：ffer→prvide
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：English extracurricular reading has a lt t ffer.
拓展句：English extracurricular reading has a lt that can be ffered.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The survey shws the mst percentage, up t 78.2%, ges t Interest in English, which is imprtant fr reading achievement.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】When peple read extensively, they becme better writers and 73.8% f the students think s.（由When引导的时间状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Maria and Peter lived in a castal city. The greatest pleasure in summer fr them was t swim at their lcal beach after schl. But ne day they started t lse their enthusiasm fr swimming in the waters. Mre ften than nt, they wuld find plastic bags thrwn n the beach. Wrse sill, as they swam in the water, sme plastic bags wuld flat arund them and even stick t their legs when they walked t the shre.
They were upset and decided smething needed t be dne t stp the beautiful sea becming cnsumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brught a big bag t the beach and determined t clean it up. Sweat streamed dwn frm their frehead while they bent dwn and picked up the plastic bags. T their disappintment, after a day’s hard wrk, there were still many plastic bags lying n the beach r flating in the water. Ging hme with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almst defeated by a strng sense f failure.
That night ver dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Nticing their lw spirits, Mther asked gently, “Yu tw lked s dwn. What happened?”Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a lw vice,“It’s thse annying plastic bags. We tried t clean up but it was just impssible.”Understanding the pair’s disappintment, their father patted them n the back and cmfrted,”Well, it’s really hard fr just tw f yu t fix such a big prblem.”“Just tw f us.”cmplained Maria and Peter, lking at each ther.Suddenly, an idea lashed thrugh their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the pint! We shuld make mre peple aware f the prblem and encurage them t take actin!” the pair said in chrus.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Excited and nervus, they psted the vide and article n WeChat.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. Maria and Peter decided t take advantage f the Internet. “Maybe we can write an article t aruse peple's awareness.” Maria prpsed. “Gd idea! We can als make a vide!" Peter added. The next few hurs witnessed their heated discussin and grwing cnfidence in a clean and beautiful cast. The next day, they went t the beach and filmed a shrt vide shwing plastic bags lying n the beach and flating in the sea. Peter, wh was gd at writing, wrte an article talking abut the present situatin f the beach and asking peple t take part in the clean-up.
Excited and nervus, they psted the vide and article n WeChat. T their amazement, their pst went viral nline immediately. Cuntless cmments flded in saying hw heartbrken they were when lking at the plluted beach and cean. What amazed Maria and Peter mre was that numerus peple in their cmmunity, encuraged by their effrts, ffered t jin in their clean-up. Mre and mre peple came t the beach t cllect plastic bags and they als appealed t thers t avid thrwing r using plastic bags. A year later, with their jint and cntinuus effrt, the cast regained its beauty and Maria and Peter regained their lng-awaited pleasure.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了住在沿海城市的玛丽亚和彼得发现塑料袋被扔在海滩上，对此很苦恼，决定要做点什么来阻止美丽的大海被浪费掉。于是他们决定通过在网上制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。视频和文章得到了人们积极响应。在大家的共同和持续努力下，海岸恢复了美丽。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“两人很快吃完晚饭，上楼开始计划。”可知，第一段可描写Maria and Peter商量对策，决定在网上制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。
②由第二段首句内容“他们既兴奋又紧张，在微信上发布了这段视频和文章。”可知，第二段可描写视频和文章在网上发布后得到的反应以及大家的行动和结果。
2.续写线索：商量——做视频——呼吁——反应——行动——沙滩变美
3.词汇激活
行为类
①利用：take advantage f /make use f
②建议：prpse/suggest /advise
③鼓舞：encurage/inspire
情绪类
①惊讶：amazement /surprise
②伤心：heartbrken /brken-hearted/sad
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. Peter, wh was gd at writing, wrte an article talking abut the present situatin f the beach and asking peple t take part in the clean-up.（运用了关系代词wh引导的非限定性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Cuntless cmments flded in saying hw heartbrken they were when lking at the plluted beach and cean.（由连接词hw引导的宾语从句作saying的宾语）
[高分句型3]. What amazed Maria and Peter mre was that numerus peple in their cmmunity, encuraged by their effrts, ffered t jin in their clean-up.（由连接代词what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）
I think English extracurricular reading imprves my…
(Percentage f Peple)
Sense f Language
60.50%
Writing
73.80%
Interest in English
78.20%
I think English extracurricular reading imprves my…
(Percentage f Peple)
Sense f Language
60.50%
Writing
73.80%
Interest in English
78.20%