河南省焦作市2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份河南省焦作市2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37， What did Dr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
“Studies in Creativity” Student Juried Exhibit Memrial Unin (MU) is pen t Iwa State University students f any majr, and each persn may submit up t three artwrks fr cnsideratin. Art can be any media. All artwrks must be riginal and nt previusly displayed in a past MU exhibit. Entries must be submitted by Thursday, June 27, 2025, at 10:00 am. N late entries will be cnsidered.
Fr Accepted Wrks
Artwrks must be delivered t the MU in ready-t-install cnditin, which means that participants need t make cnsideratins fr things like framing (装框), hanging mechanisms, stability fr sculpture, and general presentatin.
Any pieces that are nt accurately described in the entry images may be rejected by the Gallery Crdinatr at the time f the exhibit installatin. If yur artwrk desn’t fit in the abve categries r if yu are unsure, we can talk abut ptins fr presentatin in advance f the art delivery time.
Awards
The judge will determine the awards fr Best f Shw ($100), three Merit Awards ($75), and tw Hnrable Mentins ($50). The MU will als chse a Purchase Award winner. This piece will be purchased by the MU and added t ur Permanent Art Cllectin. Only pieces listed fr sale can be cnsidered fr the Purchase Award.
Exhibit & Receptin
The exhibit will be held in the Memrial Unin Art Gallery frm July 1 t August 20, 2025. Hurs are Mnday thrugh Friday frm 11:00 am t 4:00 pm and Sunday frm 1:00 pm t 4:00 pm. A public receptin will be held in July, and the award winners will be annunced.
1. What’s ne requirement f artwrks t be submitted?
A. They shuld be prepared prperly.B. They shuld be submitted in a grup.
C. They shuld be framed beautifully.D. They shuld be in a given media type.
2. Why is the Purchase Award set?
A. T hnr prmising artists.B. T attract mre participants.
C. T enlarge MU’s art cllectin.D. T prmte sales at the exhibit.
3. What’s the text prbably?
A. A review abut a student juried exhibit.B. A ntice abut an art exhibit.
C. A reprt abut art sales at the MU.D. A dcument intrducing an art cllectin.
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爱荷华州立大学学生创意研究评审展览的参赛要求、奖项设置及展览相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fr Accepted Wrks部分中的“Artwrks must be delivered t the MU in ready-t-install cnditin, which means that participants need t make cnsideratins fr things like framing (装框), hanging mechanisms, stability fr sculpture, and general presentatin.(艺术品必须以可随时安装的状态送达MU，这意味着参赛者需要考虑诸如装框、悬挂装置、雕塑的稳定性以及整体展示效果等方面的问题)”可知，提交的艺术作品需要妥善准备，故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Awards部分中的“The MU will als chse a Purchase Award winner. This piece will be purchased by the MU and added t ur Permanent Art Cllectin. Only pieces listed fr sale can be cnsidered fr the Purchase Award.(MU也将选出一位购买奖得主。获奖作品将由MU购买，并纳入我们的永久艺术收藏。只有标价出售的作品才有资格角逐购买奖)”可知，设置购买奖是为了让MU购买作品并将其加入永久艺术收藏，也就是为了扩大MU的艺术收藏，故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Studies in Creativity” Student Juried Exhibit Memrial Unin (MU) is pen t Iwa State University students f any majr, and each persn may submit up t three artwrks fr cnsideratin. Art can be any media. All artwrks must be riginal and nt previusly displayed in a past MU exhibit. Entries must be submitted by Thursday, June 27, 2025, at 10:00 am. N late entries will be cnsidered.(“创意研究”学生评审展览纪念联盟（MU）向爱荷华州立大学所有专业的学生开放，每位学生可提交最多三件作品参评。艺术形式不限，但所有作品必须是原创且未曾参加过MU展览。参赛作品须于2025年6月27日星期四上午10点前提交，逾期不予受理)”以及其他内容可知文章主要介绍了在MU举办的“Studies in Creativity”展览的参赛资格、截止日期、入选作品要求、奖项设置以及展览和招待会的时间、地点等信息，由此可推断出，这篇文章很可能是一个关于艺术展览的通知，故选B项。
B
Nw that ur daughter and sn are grwn and living elsewhere, my wife and I are ften asked what it’s like t be empty nesters. Even thugh ur children have mved away, the nest desn’t feel empty t me. When they left, a gd bit f their stuff stayed behind.
Our daughter has been married a year nw, but her ld bedrm remains untuched, a memrial t teenage life in an earlier decade. Yearbks line the shelf, items always ignred because yung peple can’t imagine needing a reminder t recall high schl. There are dlls stred under the bed and sme frmal dresses, I think, in the clset (衣柜).
Our sn’s rm ffers a cmpanin museum f early 21st-century byhd, Bard games, camping equipment, sci-fi nvels and ld trainers are amng the belngings. A cell (大提琴) frm junir high stands enclsed in its huge case. Lking at that massive reminder f ur sn nw in graduate schl, I remember a friend’s saying abut parenthd: Children lse interest in a musical instrument at abut the time yu finish paying fr it.
My wife and I ccasinally talk abut redecrating the kids’ rms int guest quarters, replacing the yuthful treasures with a mre mdern lk. But fr nw, when ur kids return fr visits, they sleep in their familiar rms, reminded f wh they nce were, and the adults they’ve since becme. Hmecming fr them is the same as it is fr many f us: a chance t stay within the walls f persnal histry.
Every nw and then, while putting the huse t bed fr the night, I wander int ur children’s ld rms and sense a past as vivid as the dusty she in a silent crner, a lined ntebk unpened fr years.
In ding s, I grasp a basic truth. Children never really leave yu. They fill yur huse as they fill yur heart — cmpletely, and with the pwer time can’t fade.
4. Why d the yuth ften ignre the yearbks n the shelf?
A. They believe they wn’t frget high schl.
B. They feel they’re just anther bk n the shelf.
C. They think the yearbks are meant fr their parents.
D. They assume the yearbks are utdated and irrelevant.
5. What des the cell symblize in the text?
A. The sn’s schl memries.
B. The sn’s nging passin fr music.
C. A reminder f the sn’s achievements.
D. The parents’ demands fr the sn’s cmpanin.
6. Why d the cuple keep their children’s rms unchanged?
A. They are in n md t make changes.
B. They think their rms are still in fashin.
C. They want t prtect their children’s privacy.
D. They are eager t make their children feel cnnected.
7. What’s the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T stress the significance f children’s ld rms.
B. T suggest parents spend mre time with their children.
C. T shw children hld a special place in parents’ hearts.
D. T display the authr’s lneliness f being an empty nester.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为“空巢老人”的感受，以及孩子房间的保留如何让父母与子女的情感纽带得以延续。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Yearbks line the shelf, items always ignred because yung peple can’t imagine needing a reminder t recall high schl.(书架上排列着年鉴，但这些物品总是被忽视，因为年轻人无法想象需要提醒来回忆高中生活)”可知，年轻人总是忽略书架上的年鉴，是因为他们无法想象需要一个东西来提醒他们回忆高中时光，即他们认为自己不会忘记高中经历。故选A项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A cell (大提琴) frm junir high stands enclsed in its huge case. Lking at that massive reminder f ur sn nw in graduate schl, I remember a friend’s saying abut parenthd: Children lse interest in a musical instrument at abut the time yu finish paying fr it.(初中时的大提琴仍然装在巨大的琴盒里。看着这令人印象深刻的物件，我想到一位朋友关于育儿的话：孩子通常在你刚付完乐器费用时就失去了兴趣)”可知，儿子现在已经上研究生了，这把初中时的大提琴放在那里，它是儿子学生时代的一个纪念，象征着儿子的学校回忆。故选A项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But fr nw, when ur kids return fr visits, they sleep in their familiar rms, reminded f wh they nce were, and the adults they’ve since becme.(但目前，当孩子们回来探望时，他们会睡在熟悉的房间里，回忆起他们曾经的样子，以及如今成为的成年人)”可知，作者夫妇保持孩子房间不变，是为了让孩子们回来时能睡在熟悉的房间里，能回忆起曾经的自己，现在变成了什么样的成年人，即他们渴望让他们的孩子感到与这个家有紧密的联系。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容及最后一段中的“Children never really leave yu. They fill yur huse as they fill yur heart — cmpletely, and with the pwer time can’t fade.(孩子从未真正离开你。他们充满你的房子，也充满你的心——完全地，且时间无法冲淡这种感觉)”可知，文章开篇提到虽然孩子们离开让作者夫妇成为空巢老人，但因为孩子留下的东西，家不显得空，接着详细描述了女儿和儿子房间里留存的物品以及这些物品承载的回忆，然后提到孩子回家时睡在熟悉的房间能唤起他们对过去和现在的认知。由此可知，文章旨在表达孩子在父母心中占据特殊位置。故选C项。
C
Researchers at Oxfrd University have created a new slar pwer-cllecting material that can be applied t everyday bjects such as backpacks, cars, and mbile phnes, ptentially changing the way we use slar energy cmpletely. This innvative apprach culd allw fr the generatin f slar electricity withut relying n cnventinal silicn (硅) -based slar panels.
The team at Oxfrd University has intrduced a thin, flexible material that absrbs light and can be cated nt nearly any surface. This material uses a multi-junctin apprach, piling up multiple light-absrbing layers within a single slar cell. This technique captures a brader light range, thus increasing the energy prduced frm the sunlight received.
Ntably, this thin-film pervskite (钙钛矿) material has achieved an impressive energy efficiency rate f ver 27%, as certified by US Natinal Institute f Advanced Industrial Science and Technlgy. This marks a significant milestne, matching the efficiency f traditinal silicn phtvltaics (光伏发电) fr the first time. Dr. Shuaifeng Hu, a pst dctr at Oxfrd University Physics, nted an increase in pwer cnversin efficiency frm abut 6% t ver 27% within just five years.
The material’s ultra-thin nature—being just ver ne micrn thick, nearly 150 times thinner than a standard silicn-based slar panel——adds t its multi-functinality. It can be applied nt nly t cnventinal surfaces like the rfs f buildings but als t mre innvative lcatins such as vehicle rfs and the backs f mbile phnes. This adaptability culd significantly expand the use f slar energy in daily applicatins and reduce the reliance n large-scale slar farms and traditinal panel installatins.
Oxfrd PV, a cmpany riginating frm the university’s physics department and funded by Prfessr Snaith in 2010, has cmmenced mass prductin f these innvative phtvltaics in Germany. This equipment is recgnized as the wrld’s first majr prductin line fr “pervskite-n-silicn” slar cells, symblizing a significant step frward in the cmmercial applicatin f this technlgy.
8. What d the researchers at Oxfrd University fcus n?
A. A new type f battery fr electric cars.
B. A new material t prduce everyday items.
C. The develpment f slar pwer technlgy.
D. The benefit f silicn-based slar panels.
9. Hw des the new material differ frm silicn-based slar panels?
A. It is designed fr flexible bjects.B. It requires direct sunlight t functin.
C. It relies n a single light-absrbing layer.D. It is suitable fr a wider range f surfaces.
10. What did Dr. Shuaifeng Hu stress abut the new material?
A. Its rapid prgress.
B. The efficiency f silicn phtvltaics.
C. Its further develpment and applicatin.
D. The intense cmpetitin frm ther materials.
11. What des the underlined wrd “cmmenced” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Identified.B. Begun.C. Assessed.D. Required.
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了牛津大学科学家开发太阳能技术的相关情况。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at Oxfrd University have created a new slar pwer-cllecting material that can be applied t everyday bjects such as backpacks, cars, and mbile phnes, ptentially changing the way we use slar energy cmpletely. This innvative apprach culd allw fr the generatin f slar electricity withut relying n cnventinal silicn (硅) -based slar panels.(牛津大学的研究人员发明了一种新的太阳能收集材料，可以应用于背包、汽车和手机等日常用品，有可能彻底改变我们使用太阳能的方式。这种创新的方法可以在不依赖传统硅基太阳能电池板的情况下产生太阳能电力)”可知，牛津大学科学家致力于开发太阳能技术。故选C项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The team at Oxfrd University has intrduced a thin, flexible material that absrbs light and can be cated nt nearly any surface.(牛津大学的研究小组推出了一种薄而柔韧的材料，它可以吸收光线，并且可以涂在几乎任何表面上)”可知，新材料可应用的物体表面范围更广泛。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Dr. Shuaifeng Hu, a pst dctr at Oxfrd University Physics, nted an increase in pwer cnversin efficiency frm abut 6% t ver 27% within just five years.(牛津大学物理系博士后胡帅峰博士指出，在短短五年内，功率转换效率从6%左右提高到27%以上)”可知，关于新材料，胡帅锋博士强调了这项技术的快速进步。故选A项。
【11题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“This equipment is recgnized as the wrld’s first majr prductin line fr “pervskite-n-silicn” slar cells, symblizing a significant step frward in the cmmercial applicatin f this technlgy.(该设备被公认为世界上第一个“硅上钙钛矿”太阳能电池的主要生产线，标志着该技术的商业应用向前迈出了重要的一步)”可知，这一生产设施已经存在，由此可推知，上文语境表示牛津光伏公司已在德国开始大规模生产这些创新型光伏产品。由此可知，该词与begin意思相近。故选B项。
D
Culd birds hld the key t making airplanes safer and mre efficient? At Princetn University, scientists believe the answer is yes. Inspired by birds, aerspace engineer Aimy Wissa and her team develped special flaps (襟翼) that mve freely alng aircraft wings. Much like tiny feathers, these flaps help planes t reduce fuel cnsumptin, and prevent dangerus stalls (失速)。
It was frm watching gannets, a type f seabird, that this idea first emerged. When flying thrugh strng winds, these birds’ small feathers pp up, adjusting airflw and maintaining stability. What if airplanes culd d the same? Wissa and her team sught t answer this questin by attaching flexible plastic flaps t a remte-cntrlled aircraft. The results? Remarkable. Nt nly did the flaps reduce drag by 31% and increase lift by 45%, but they als made stalls ccur mre gradually, imprving flight safety.
Unlike traditinal wing flaps, which require mechanical systems t functin, these new flaps respnd naturally t air currents. As airflw changes, they adjust autmatically — just like a bird’s feathers. With extreme weather becming mre frequent due t climate change, such a design culd make airplanes mre adaptable.
Nature has lng driven engineering innvatin. Frm da Vinci’s bird-like flying machines t Lilienthal’s studies f bird flight, early pineers in flight technlgy drew inspiratin frm nature. Yet, as technlgy advances, engineers are distancing themselves frm nature-inspired designs, thinking they have mved beynd them. But have they? Wissa’s research prves nature still hlds valuable lessns, with bilgical slutins reshaping mdern air travel.
Will these flaps appear n cmmercial airplanes sn? Sme experts say it remains uncertain. Just as it tk decades fr shark-skin-inspired aircraft surfaces t reach the market, this innvatin will als face challenges befre large-scale adptin. Hwever, smaller aircraft — such as urban air taxis, and shrt-distance planes — may adpt this technlgy much sner. Fr millins f years, birds have mastered the skies. If engineers cntinue t learn frm nature, then the future f flight may be reshaped in ways nce thught impssible.
12. What pushed Aimy Wissa t carry ut the research?
A. Her interest in aircraft.B. Her bservatin f a bird.
C. The frequency f dangerus stalls.D. The cncern ver fuel cnsumptin.
13. What is the significance f Wissa’s research?
A. It has revealed da Vinci’s idea.B. It has innvated perating systems.
C. It has prved the ptential f nature.D. It has ffered a slutin t air currents.
14. What’s the authr’s attitude t the prspect f the technlgy?
A. Uncaring.B. Wrried.C. Unclear.D. Optimistic.
15. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. Inspired by Lilienthal: A New Era f Flight
B. Learning frm Birds: A Flight Revlutin
C. Culd Nature Advance Technlgy?
D. Culd Flaps Enhance Flight Safety?
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了普林斯顿大学的科学家 Aimy Wissa 及其团队受鸟类启发，研发出了特殊的襟翼，这种襟翼能让飞机减少燃油消耗、提高飞行安全性，同时还探讨了该技术的意义以及未来的发展前景。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“It was frm watching gannets, a type f seabird, that this idea first emerged.(这个想法最初是通过观察塘鹅，一种海鸟而产生的)” 可知，Aimy Wissa 是因为观察到鸟类而开展这项研究的。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Wissa’s research prves nature still hlds valuable lessns, with bilgical slutins reshaping mdern air travel.(Wissa 的研究证明，大自然仍然有宝贵的经验，生物解决方案正在重塑现代航空旅行)” 可推知，Wissa 的研究证明了大自然的潜力。故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, smaller aircraft — such as urban air taxis, and shrt - distance planes — may adpt this technlgy much sner. If engineers cntinue t learn frm nature, then the future f flight may be reshaped in ways nce thught impssible.(然而，小型飞机 —— 如城市空中出租车和短途飞机 —— 可能会更快地采用这项技术。如果工程师们继续向大自然学习，那么飞行的未来可能会以曾经被认为不可能的方式被重塑)” 可推知，作者对这项技术的前景持乐观态度。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。短文主要讲述了普林斯顿大学的科学家 Aimy Wissa 及其团队受鸟类启发，研发出了特殊的襟翼，这种襟翼能让飞机减少燃油消耗、提高飞行安全性，同时还探讨了该技术的意义以及未来的发展前景。所以短文的标题为“向鸟类学习：一场飞行革命”。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Frgetting is part f ur daily lives. Yu may walk int a rm, nly t frget why yu went in there, r perhaps smene says hi n the street and yu can’t remember their name. ___16___ Is it simply a sign f memry impairment (障碍), r are there benefits?
One f the earliest findings in this area highlighted that frgetting can ccur simply because the average persn’s memries fade away. It cmes frm 19th century German psychlgist Hermann Ebbinghaus. ___17___ But the rate f frgetting slws dwn as time passes. Mre recently, this has been cnfirmed by scientists.
Frgetting can als serve functinal purpses, hwever. ___18___ If we were t remember every detail, it wuld becme increasingly difficult t keep the imprtant infrmatin. One f the ways that we avid this is by nt paying enugh attentin in the first place. Nbel Prize winner Eric Kandel, and a hst f subsequent research, suggest that memries are frmed when the cnnectins (synapses) between the cells in the brain (the neurns) are strengthened. Paying attentin t smething can strengthen thse cnnectins and maintain that memry. ___19___
S althugh peple shw increased signs f being distracted (注意力分散的)as they age, and memry-related diseases are assciated with attentin impairments, we all need t be able t frget all the unimprtant details in rder t create memries. ___20___ Mrever, frm an evlutinary (进化的) standpint, frgetting ld memries in respnse t new infrmatin is undubtedly beneficial.
A. But why d we frget things?
B. Our brains are bmbed with infrmatin cnstantly.
C. Smetimes, frgetting may nt be due t memry lss.
D. In sum, we may frget infrmatin fr a hst f reasns.
E. This same mechanism(机制)enables us t frget all the irrelevant details.
F. Clearly, an inability t update ur memries wuld have significant negative cnsequences.
G. His “frgetting curve” shws hw mst peple frget the details f new infrmatin quite rapidly.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. B 19. E 20. F
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了遗忘的相关信息。
【16题详解】
空前“Frgetting is part f ur daily lives. Yu may walk int a rm, nly t frget why yu went in there, r perhaps smene says hi n the street and yu can’t remember their name.(遗忘是我们日常生活的一部分。你可能会走进一个房间，却忘了自己为什么进去，或者也许有人在街上跟你打招呼，你却记不起他们的名字。)”指出人们日常生活中会忘记事情，空后“Is it simply a sign f memry impairment (障碍)，r are there benefits?(这仅仅是一种记忆障碍的迹象，还是有好处？)”在询问原因，由句中it可知空处需给出it的实际指代内容，A项But why d we frget things?(但是为什么我们会忘记事情呢？) 提出人们为什么会忘记事情的问题，承上启下，空后的it指代选项内容，符合上下文语境，故选A项。
【17题详解】
空前“It cmes frm 19th century German psychlgist Hermann Ebbinghaus.(它来自19世纪的德国心理学家赫尔曼·艾宾浩斯。)”提到一项发现来自于19世纪德国心理学家赫尔曼•艾宾浩斯，空后“But the rate f frgetting slws dwn as time passes. Mre recently, this has been cnfirmed by scientists.(但随着时间的推移，遗忘的速度会减慢。最近，这一点得到了科学家的证实。)”指出随着时间的推移，遗忘的速度会减慢，由转折连词But可推知空处内容应与快速忘记信息有关，G项His “frgetting curve” shws hw mst peple frget the details f new infrmatin quite rapidly.(他的“遗忘曲线”显示了大多数人是如何很快忘记新信息的细节的。) 进一步阐述了艾宾浩斯的研究成果，选项中的His照应上文的Hermann Ebbinghaus，“frgetting curve”指代上文的One f the earliest findings，选项中的quite rapidly与下文的slws dwn.形成对照，符合上下文语境，故选G项。
【18题详解】
根据下文“If we were t remember every detail, it wuld becme increasingly difficult t keep the imprtant infrmatin.(如果我们要记住每一个细节，那么记住重要的信息就会变得越来越困难。)”可知，如果要记住每一个细节，保存重要信息会变得更加困难， B项Our brains are bmbed with infrmatin cnstantly.(我们的大脑不断被信息轰炸。) 指出我们的大脑不断地接收大量信息，解释了如果要记住每一个细节，保存重要信息会变得更加困难的原因，与下文衔接紧密，符合上下文语境，故选B项。
【19题详解】
空前“Nbel Prize winner Eric Kandel, and a hst f subsequent research, suggest that memries are frmed when the cnnectins(synapses) between the cells in the brain(the neurns) are strengthened. Paying attentin t smething can strengthen thse cnnectins and maintain that memry.(诺贝尔奖得主埃里克·坎德尔（Eric Kandel）和随后的大量研究表明，当大脑细胞之间的突触得到加强时，记忆就形成了。专注于某件事可以加强这些联系并保持记忆。)”提到诺贝尔奖获得者埃里克•坎德尔及后续研究表明记忆在大脑细胞(神经元)之间的突触加强时形成，关注某物可以加强这些连接并维持记忆，结合选项，E项This same mechanism(机制)enables us t frget all the irrelevant details. (同样的机制使我们能够忘记所有不相关的细节。)说明了该机制也能让我们忘记不相关细节，选项中 的This same mechanism.指代上文提到的通过关注来加强记忆连接的机制，符合上下文语境，故选E项。
【20题详解】
空前“S althugh peple shw increased signs f being distracted(注意力分散的)as they age, and memry-related diseases are assciated with attentin impairments, we all need t be able t frget all the unimprtant details in rder t create memries.(因此，尽管随着年龄的增长，人们越来越容易分心，而且与记忆有关的疾病也与注意力障碍有关，但为了创造记忆，我们都需要能够忘记所有不重要的细节。)”指出我们需要忘记不重要的细节来创造记忆，空后“Mrever, frm an evlutinary(进化的)standpint, frgetting ld memries in respnse t new infrmatin is undubtedly beneficial.(此外，从进化的角度来看，为了应对新信息而忘记旧记忆无疑是有益的。)”从进化的角度阐述了遗忘的重要性，结合选项，F项Clearly, an inability t update ur memries wuld have significant negative cnsequences.(显然，无法更新我们的记忆将产生严重的负面影响。)进一步说明如果不能更新我们的记忆(即不能忘记不重要的信息)会有严重的负面后果，承上启下，空后的副词Mrever与选项内容形成顺承关系，符合上下文语境，故选F项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In a remte Arctic cmmunity, a terrifying incident unflded ne early December mrning.
Lisa and her husband Tm were regular dg wners and that day they nticed their dg was ____21____. Cncerned fr the safety f the dg, they decided t ____22____ the cld and g ut in search f it. Little did they knw that this simple act wuld lead t an unexpected ____23____.
As they were explring the landscape, a plar bear ____24____ frm the shadws. In an instant, the bear rushed t Lisa. Caught ff-guard, she lst her ____25____ , falling t the grund.
Withut hesitatin, Tm, a man f curage and determinatin, reacted ____26____ , knwing that he had t act quickly t ____27____ his wife. With a fierce cry, he threw himself nt the back f the bear. His ____28____ was clear — divert (转移) the bear’s attentin.
The bear then clawed at Tm’s bdy, causing him sme injuries. Despite the ____29____ , Tm fught back with all his strength, ____30____ t let the bear have its wn way. As the intense struggle between the man and the bear ____31____ , a neighbr came t help. In the meantime, the NishnawbeAski Plice Service, having received an emergency call, ____32____ their emergency respnders immediately. Finally, the situatin was under cntrl.
After the incident, lcal authrities cmbed thrugh the snw-cvered areas, determined t keep the residents ____33____ . They als said plar bear attacks, thugh ____34____ , were nt unheard f in these Arctic cmmunities and ____35____ residents t pay mre attentin.
21. A. missingB. annyingC. sickD. active
22. A. predictB. preventC. escapeD. brave
23. A. chanceB. encunterC. experimentD. lessn
24. A. came aliveB. rlled verC. calmed dwnD. shwed up
25. A. balanceB. patienceC. mindD. way
26. A. secretlyB. skillfullyC. hericallyD. randmly
27. A. wakeB. defendC. lcateD. accmpany
28. A. standardB. suggestinC. cnclusinD. intentin
29. A. respnsibilityB. hungerC. painD. disbelief
30. A. pretendingB. refusingC. happeningD. expecting
31. A. cntinuedB. stppedC. startedD. delayed
32. A. checkedB. judgedC. arrangedD. cntrlled
33. A. ccupiedB. safeC. warmD. independent
34. A. rareB. disturbingC. seriusD. familiar
35. A. challengedB. permittedC. prmisedD. reminded
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在北极的一个偏远社区，一对夫妇在寻找丢失的狗时遭遇北极熊袭击，丈夫英勇保护妻子，最终在邻居和警察的帮助下控制住局面，当地政府提醒居民注意此类事件的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丽莎和她的丈夫汤姆是普通的养狗人，那天他们发现他们的狗失踪。A. missing失踪的；B. annying使烦恼的；C. sick生病的；D. active活跃的。根据下文 “Cncerned fr the safety f the dg, they decided t g ut in search f it.”可知，他们很担心狗的安全并出去寻找，说明狗是失踪了。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于对狗的安全的担心，他们决定冒着寒冷出去寻找它。A. predict预测；B. prevent阻止；C. escape逃跑；D. brave勇敢面对，冒着。根据上文“In a remte Arctic cmmunity”和下文“the cld and g ut in search f it.” 可知，他们住在北极的一个偏远社区，要出去，所以是要冒着寒冷。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不知道这个简单的行为会导致一次意想不到的遭遇。A. chance机会；B. encunter遭遇；C. experiment实验；D. lessn教训。根据下文“As they were explring the landscape, a plar bear frm the shadws.”可知，他们遇到了北极熊，这是一次意外的 遭遇。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当他们在查看周围环境时，一只北极熊从阴影中出现了。A. came alive苏醒；B. rlled ver翻滚；C. calmed dwn平静下来；D. shwed up出现。根据下文“frm the shadws”可知，北极熊是从阴影里出来出现了。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她毫无防备，失去了平衡，摔倒在地上。A. balance平衡；B. patience耐心；C. mind思维；D. way 方法。根据下文“falling t the grund.” 可知，她摔倒了，所以是失去了 平衡。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：汤姆，一个有勇气和决心的人，毫不犹豫地做出了英勇的反应，他知道他必须迅速行动来保护他的妻子。A. secretly秘密地；B. skillfully熟练地；C. herically英勇地；D. randmly随意地。根据下文“With a fierce cry, he threw himself nt the back f the bear.”可知，他扑到北极熊背上，他的行为是英勇的。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤姆，一个有勇气和决心的人，毫不犹豫地做出了英勇的反应，他知道他必须迅速行动来保护他的妻子。A. wake唤醒；B. defend保护；C. lcate定位；D. accmpany陪伴。根据下文“he had t act quickly”可知，他是要保护妻子。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的意图很明确 —— 转移熊的注意力。A. standard标准；B. suggestin建议；C. cnclusin结论；D. intentin意图。根据上文“With a fierce cry, he threw himself nt the back f the bear.”和下文“divert (转移) the bear’s attentin.”可知，他扑到熊背上就是为了转移熊的注意力，这是他的意图。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管很疼，汤姆还是用尽全力反击，不让熊为所欲为。A. respnsibility责任；B. hunger饥饿；C. pain疼痛；D. disbelief怀疑。熊抓伤了他，他会感到疼痛。根据上文“The bear then clawed at Tm’s bdy, causing him sme injuries.”可知，他受伤了，所以会有疼痛。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管很疼，汤姆还是用尽全力反击，拒绝让熊得逞。A. pretending假装；B. refusing拒绝；C. happening发生；D. expecting期待。根据上文“Tm fught back with all his strength”可知，他全力反击，拒绝让熊伤害他们。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人与熊的激烈搏斗继续时，一位邻居来帮忙了。A. cntinued继续；B. stpped停止；C. started开始；D. delayed延迟。根据下文 “a neighbr came t help”可知，邻居来的时候搏斗还在继续。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，接到紧急电话的尼什纳韦斯基警察局立即安排了应急人员。A. checked检查；B. judged判断；C. arranged安排；D. cntrlled控制。根据下文“their emergency respnders immediately.”可知，警察局接到电话后安排人员来处理情况。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事件发生后，当地政府仔细检查了积雪覆盖的地区，决心保护居民的安全。A. ccupied忙碌的；B. safe安全的；C. warm温暖的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“lcal authrities cmbed thrugh the snw-cvered areas”可知，政府这么做是为了让居民安全。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们还说，北极熊袭击虽然很少见，但在这些北极社区也并非闻所未闻，并提醒居民多加注意。A. rare罕见的；B. disturbing令人不安的；C. serius严重的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据上文“thugh”以及下文“nt unheard f”可知，北极熊袭击是少见但不是没听说过。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们还说，北极熊袭击虽然很少见，但在这些北极社区也并非闻所未闻，并提醒居民多加注意。A. challenged挑战；B. permitted允许；C. prmised承诺；D. reminded提醒。根据下文“residents t pay mre attentin”可知，当地政府提醒居民多加注意可能的北极熊袭击。故选D。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。
The challenging task f affrestatin(造林)at the edge f the Mu Us Desert in nrthern China has taken n a futuristic feel this spring, ___36___ drnes (无人机) flying thrugh the air and transprting seedlings acrss vast areas, while intelligent planting machines plant yung trees with ___37___ (accurate).
“It nly takes these rbts five secnds ___38___ (place) a seedling int a hle in the desert, ”said Ga Fei, as he ___39___ (remte) perated tw planting machines.
Ga, ___40___ wrks at Jintaiming Technlgy Grup based in nrthern China’s Inner Mnglia autnmus regin, explained that these are the ___41___ (cmpany) secnd-generatin intelligent tree-planting machines. “Fur such machines, still in the trial phase, ___42___ (intrduce) int peratin at the beginning f this year. The prductin line fr the machines has yet t be fully launched,” Ga said.
Inner Mnglia has identified abut 15 millin hectares f desertified land spread acrss seven cities. Affrestatin in Inner Mnglia serves as a key battlegrund fr the ambitius Three-Nrth Shelterbelt Frest Prgram, ___43___ (launch) in 1978 t deal with desertificatin.
The target fr the affrestatin prgram in Otg Banner is t plant trees acrss 3,333 hectares f sandy land and 60 percent f the wrk will be supprted by ___44___ variety f types f machinery.
S far, China’s effrts in building windbreaks in deserts have earned glbal recgnitin. By using grass grids t stabilize the sand, vast numbers f peple frm all walks f life take an active part in planting trees, ___45___ (expand) the “green Great Wall”.
【答案】36. with 37. accuracy 38. t place 39. remtely 40. wh 41. cmpany’s 42. were intrduced 43. launched 44. a 45. expanding
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在中国北方毛乌素沙漠边缘进行的造林工作，采用了现代化的技术手段如无人机和智能种植机器，以提高植树效率并对抗沙漠化。
【36题详解】
考查介词。句意：今年春天，中国北部毛乌素沙漠边缘的造林挑战性任务呈现出未来感，无人机在空中飞行，将幼苗运送到广阔地区，而智能种植机则精确地种植幼树。此处为with的复合结构，即with+宾语+宾补结构，作状语，表伴随。故填with。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：今年春天，中国北部毛乌素沙漠边缘的造林挑战性任务呈现出未来感，无人机在空中飞行，将幼苗运送到广阔地区，而智能种植机则精确地种植幼树。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词accuracy，不可数。with accuracy表示“精确地”。故填accuracy。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“这些机器人只需5秒钟就能把幼苗放进沙漠的一个洞里，”高飞一边远程操作两台种植机一边说。It takes sb. sme time t d sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填t place。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：“这些机器人只需5秒钟就能把幼苗放进沙漠的一个洞里，”高飞一边远程操作两台种植机一边说。此处修饰动词perated，应用副词形式。故填remtely。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：高在中国北部的内蒙古自治区金泰明科技集团工作，他解释说，这些是该公司的第二代智能植树机。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Ga，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
【41题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：高在中国北部的内蒙古自治区金泰明科技集团工作，他解释说，这些是该公司的第二代智能植树机。此处cmpany与secnd-generatin intelligent tree-planting machines构成所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填cmpany’s。
【42题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：高说：“四台这样的机器仍处于试验阶段，今年年初已投入使用。这条生产线的生产尚未全面启动。”此处作谓语，主语Fur such machines与intrduce构成被动关系，根据后文“at the beginning f this year”可知，为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Fur such machines，系动词用were。故填were intrduced。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：内蒙古造林是雄心勃勃的三北防护林计划的关键战场，该计划于1978年启动，以应对荒漠化。句子已有谓语动词serves，此处为非谓语动词形式，launch与逻辑主语prgram构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填launched。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：鄂托克旗造林工程的目标是在3333公顷的沙地上植树，其中60%的工作将得到各种机械的支持。短语a variety f表示“各种各样的”。故填a。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：通过使用草格来稳定沙子，大量各行各业的人积极参与植树，扩大了“绿色长城”。此处expand在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填expanding。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，最近在你校英文报组织的短篇小说创作大赛中获奖。请给你的英国笔友Peter写封邮件，分享此次经历。内容包括：
1.作品简介；
2.你的收获。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I’m thrilled t share sme exciting news with yu! Recently, I wn first prize in ur schl’s English shrt stry writing cntest. My stry, Beynd the Fg, fllws a blind girl wh guides a lst traveler hme with extrardinary curage. Alng the way, she cmes t realize that true sight lies in the heart, nt the eyes.
Never had I imagined that my writing culd tuch s many peple! Nt nly has this experience bsted my cnfidence, but it has als deepened my lve fr strytelling. Hw I wish yu culd read it! Lking frward t yur reply!
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Fr every teenager, a terrible change t their frm f life, like mving schls can be a disaster.
I’ve seen plenty f mvies where the main character changes high schls and finds instant ppularity and verall success. Still, the thught f mving and starting ver at a new schl sent chills dwn my spine (脊柱). And t my surprise, that’s exactly what happened. My mm had been laid ff fr ver a year and finally fund a jb in a twn abut 200 km away frm ur hme. S we had t mve huse. It all happened s fast.
Fr me, it became a challenge — a new schl, friends, teachers, and a new envirnment. It wasn’t just my high schl that I’d be leaving. I was als enrlled(注册)in a prgram at a lcal tech center. Ging there was my favrite part f the day. I lved the curses and my teacher made everything interesting and fun. It was leaving this prgram that felt the hardest, even harder than leaving behind friends I’d knwn since first grade.
Stepping int the schl felt like ging t a whle new universe. T make matters wrse, the schl had a different credit system, which made me questin whether r nt I wuld be able t graduate n time. When I mved int the new huse, the smell was unrecgnizable, and the envirnment was smber (忧郁的). I felt everyne staring at me with a strange lk.
Days passed, but I was still sad. It was difficult t see the pprtunities the new schl ffered. It was even harder when yu were the nly ne in yur grade because the schl was s small. The principal, Mrs. Taylr, kept me in the 5th grade, but had me d schlwrk fr the 6th grade. Luckily, there was the pprtunity t g t a different tech center that ffered the similar prgram I enjyed.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Immediately, I cnsidered the tech center as a hpe.
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As weeks went by, I fund myself adapting t my new envirnment.
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【参考范文】
Immediately, I cnsidered the tech center as a hpe. This was a chance fr me t recnnect with my passin and find a sense f purpse again. I decided t take a leap f faith and enrll in the prgram. At first, it wasn’t easy. The cursewrk was challenging, and I had t wrk harder than ever t keep up. But I refused t give up. I surrunded myself with like-minded students wh shared my interests and supprted me. Slwly but surely, I began t make prgress. I started t see the value in the new schl and the pprtunities it presented.
As weeks went by, I fund myself adapting t my new envirnment. I engaged in friendly cnversatins with my classmates. We bnded ver shared interests. These interactins blssmed int genuine friendships. I als gt invlved in schl activities. Thrugh these activities, I met mre like-minded individuals and felt a strnger sense f belnging. I started t see the schl nt as a freign place but as a cmmunity where I culd thrive. I realized that while change can be terrifying, it als brings with it the ptential fr grwth and new experiences.