2025年中考英语答题技巧与模式(通用版)专题10语法填空3(派生词，综合归纳)(学生版+解析)特训

这是一份2025年中考英语答题技巧与模式(通用版)专题10语法填空3(派生词，综合归纳)(学生版+解析)特训，共41页。
识·题型解读 命题特点+技巧解读+真题示例
明·模板构建 答题模板/技巧点拨+典型问答
用·真题演练 真题示例+思路点拨/模板运用+规范答题+变式演练
练·模板运用 最新模拟、预测考向
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：
（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：
The mvie was very interesting. All f us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有
1．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday.
2．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）They were t tired and sn fell (sleep).
3．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）As lng as Tm wrks hard, he can (success) in slving prblems.
4．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）I have t turn dwn his (invite) because I have a cming exam.
5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）His (kind) is beynd my imaginatin.
6．（2024·云南西双版纳·一模）GPS can shw where yu are at any time. A lt f drivers use it. (exact)
7．（2024·云南·三模）The at the meeting shared a stry frm his experiences. (speak)
8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Alice smiled and ndded t shw her (agree).
9．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The man is very rich. He has much (wealthy).
10．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Seeing s many mistakes in the examinatin paper, the teacher was . (disappint)
11．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）The high-speed train can passengers t different places in a shrt time. (transprtatin)
12．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The mst imprtant thing is t reach an (agree) and t avid a trade war.
13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls n the Earth, it will be turned int (ht) and energy.
14．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）T imprve the in the cuntryside, the cuntry sends many teachers there every year. (educate)
15．（2023·山东青岛·二模）It was s nice a htel that the sun shne (direct) int the rm.
16．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）Many peple like t watch the hrse race because it’s (fair) exciting.
17．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）I think playing t many games n yur mbile phne is (harm) t yur eyesight.
18．（2023·上海杨浦·二模）When will these kids learn t behave ?（prper）
19．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise.
20．（2022·江苏盐城·三模）Peple wh are warm-hearted set gd examples t us because they pass n their t peple arund them. (kind)
21．（2022·山东临沂·二模）The chair in the rm was made abut ne hundred years ag. (wd)
22．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）When she was playing the pian, the nise put her ff. (sudden)
分析近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
易考词性出现背景
1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后
B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。
2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之
后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。
B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及
其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)
3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语
B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
4.副词 （1）副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
（2）副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事
6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配
7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系
8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分
9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。
考法一 给提示词
考生需要根据上下文和句子结构,确定设空处所填词的词性、形式。
考点1 考查动词
1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。
例1 The ther day, we chatted with my grandmther, and mentined vide
calling ver the Internet. It (invent) fr peple t see each ther while talking nline.
例2 Last week, he (cme)t visit us in Canada.
2.设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非谓语形式
例1 Su Yu-shan, the manager f the stre, says the envirnment can help
peple learn t d “sul(灵魂)reading” by (prvide) a private experience with each bk that draws ne’s attentin.
例2 Then I taught him hw t use the Internet and hw (play) chess nline.
考点2 考查名词
首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。
例 Nw he is quite gd at playing chess nline and has made a lt f (friend) n the Internet at the same time.
考点3 考查形容词
如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比如形容词比较级前经常会有much,even,a little,a bit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。
例 My grandfather is much (happy) than befre.
考点4 考查代词
1.考查物主代词。
设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。
解析 题干中lifestyle前使用形容词性物主代词their,注意句首单词首字母大写。
例 The San peple have anther name—“bush peple”. (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they knw mre abut animals and plants than mst peple d.
2.考查人称代词
例 But he was very disappinted when he fund nbdy here culd play chess with (he).
考查反身代词
例 Nw,she enjys (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and yu can tell frm the expressin n her face.
考点5 词性转换
1.动词转换为形容词
例 After changing int the dress and getting my makeup dne, I felt (relax).
2.名词转换为形容词
例 With the help f his father-in-law, a builder, he mved int a (cmfrt) new hme after nly fur mnths.
3.形容词转换为副词
例 The bkstre is almst (cmplete) dark, except fr the shelves f bks.
4.动词转换为名词
例 Su Yu-shan, the (manage) f the stre, says the envirnment can help peple learn t d “sul(灵魂) reading” by prviding a private experience with each bk that draws ne’s attentin.
考法二 无提示词
无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副词、作形式主语或宾语的it等。
考点1 考查冠词
填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。
例1 The ther day, we chatted with my grandmther, and mentined vide calling ver the Internet. It was invented fr peple t see each ther while talking nline. Then we came up with idea.
例2 I tk him t cmputer in my rm and said, “Right here.”
考点2 考查连词
并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,一般填入的连词有and,but,r,s。
若句子之间为从属关系,则填从属连词。
例 it might nt be fr everyne, Wuguan Bks creates a very different kind f envirnment frm mst bkstres.
考点3 考查介词
介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。
例 “Grandpa, smene is waiting yu t play chess,” I went t him and said.
考点4 考查副词
副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:put ff(推迟),turn n(打开),take ff(起飞)等。
例 I climbed f my tent and lked ut at the muntain.
考点5 考查it的用法
例 is necessary t encurage kids t cme up with new ways t make use f technlgy in schl life.
1.[2024福建]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xi’an is the capital city f Shaanxi prvince. It lies in 1 nrth f China. The city’s early histry is ften cnnected with Liu Bang, wh started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 （give） it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great imprtance. Krea and Japan fllwed Xi’an’s example in 3 （build） their ancient capitals.
Many things frm ancient times can still be fund in Xi’an tday. The city wall—ne f the few city walls still left in China—is a gd example. It 4 （g） arund the city and is an imprtant cultural site（遗址）. In central Xi’an there is the Bell Twer—the 5 （large） bell twer remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm（警钟） t warn f danger, 6 it was very ften used t tell peple the time.
While Xi’an is a city 7 a lng histry, it is als very much a part f the mdern wrld. It is best 8 （knw） as a center fr sftware（软件） research, develpment and services. Histrically, Xi’an has always been a city f art, industry and business that have placed it far in frnt f many ther 9 （city）.
Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 （it） and lking frward, all the while keeping the best f the past.
2.[2024江苏苏州]请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When cultures meet, nt just their language r clthing may be different. Often their fd will be 1 （great） different t. Peple n bth sides can discver new chances fr trading. This text 2 （tell） hw sme cmmn fd plants spread arund the wrld.
As early as 5,000 BC, 3 （ptat） were traded in Suth America as a valuable type f fd. They were 4 （take） t Eurpe in the 1500s and their use sn spread acrss it.
Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun t ship tea frm China t Eurpe. Tea drinking sn 5 （becme） fashinable there but because 6 its high price, it remained a drink fr the wealthy.
Sugar cane（甘蔗） was first used t prduce 7 kind f sweet juice ver 8,000 years ag n the island f New Guinea. Its use sn spread acrss Suth East Asia and then t the 8 （wide） wrld.
Cca was used t make a cld, spicy drink in Central America ver 3,000 years ag. The Eurpeans brught it back with 9 （they） in the 1520s and added sugar t make the sweet, ht drink we knw tday. 10 it’s expensive, many peple still lve it.
3.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Shumei, brn in 1937, spent mst f her time wrking in a factry. In 1996, she learned her 1 （ne） Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started t write dwn sme f her wn 2 （stry）. It was nt easy. Smetimes, cmpleting a single sentence culd take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 r 4 a.m., and revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）.
In 2013, her bk, Time f Truble, Time f Pverty, was published and prved t be 5 success. The bk earned Jiang a lt f fans and sympathy（同情）. “Dn’t feel srry fr me,” she says t her fans. “The hardships mentined in the bk are nw in the past. 6 them, I culd never have finished this bk.”
S far, the elderly wman 7 （publish） six bks, ttaling mre than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never t late. I enjy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating a balanced diet. “If I culd live as lng as 130, wuld yu still say that it is t late fr me 10 （start） after 60?” she says jkingly.
4.(2023潍坊)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
“I suddenly understd,” Valeria said, “why Mari wanted t buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy 1 (wrk) tgether during this perid, I'm sure. They must have burned the farm dwn, Rbert. They culd have killed yu!”
“I can't believe it,” Rbert said. “My wn uncle wuldn't d that. It's 2 (pssible).”
“But it must be true, Rbert,” Valeria said. “It's the nly explanatin.”
In the evening, Inspectr(警官) Pavne telephned and asked t speak t Rbert. “S far yur uncle 3 (tell) us everything. He burned yur farm dwn t make yu 4 (sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices wuld g up when a big cmpany mved t the twn. Then he and yur uncle made a prject 5 (build) shps and huses n yur land s that they culd sell them fr prfit. They wuld have becme terribly wealthy!”
Rbert culd nt speak. His wn uncle had lied t him and almst killed him.
“Yur uncle and Pagani are bth criminals(罪犯),” the inspectr said.
“Yur uncle is a flish and greedy man. He gt himself int sme 6 (danger) business. They must pay fr their 7 (act).”
Rbert held the telephne 8 (quiet) with eyes full f tears.
The inspectr was right. Mari and Pagani 9 (put) int prisn sn. Rbert did nt feel happy, sad r angry abut them. He was t 10 (disappint) t feel anything.
Sme mnths passed. Rbert began t think abut the future.
5.(2023滨州)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
An idl is smene wh we respect r lve. Hwever, unlike many f my classmates, my idl is nt a film star, a famus writer r a sprtsman. My idl is my dad.
Mst peple believe that a man 1 (g) ut and wrk. Hwever, when I was nly a five-year-ld by, I was 2 (serius) ill and needed attentin all the time. My dad knew hw much my mum lved her jb, s he stpped 3 (wrk) t stay at hme and lk after me. Many men in this situatin wuld want their 4 (wife) t stay with the child, but my dad always thinks abut 5 (ther) befre himself. This made me start t respect him.
My dad later tk a jb and wrked at night. He chse the jb s that he wuld nly be ut f the huse when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad 6 (help) and supprted me in everything I d. I remember when I was learning t ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back f the bicycle s that I wuld nt fall. I 7 (feel) s safe because I knew he was near. Sn, I was able t ride by 8 (I).
My family is nt rich, and we d nt wn a big huse r an expensive car. My dad has shwn me that smething is 9 (imprtant) than mney. Althugh he nw wrks hard every day and is ften very busy, he always makes time 10 (stay) with me. He helps me with my hmewrk, and plays games with me n weekends. He has als taught me that I can achieve anything if I really wrk hard n it.
My dad is my idl because he shwed me the mst imprtant things in life.
6.(2023威海)
用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。
I went t a restaurant fr lunch with my granddad yesterday, and when the starters came, I gt ut my phne and began t take sme phts f them. My granddad was very surprised, and he laughed at me. “Fd is fr eating!” he said, “And why 1 yu 1 (take) phts f it?” Then I was surprised. Didn't he knw why?
All my friends always take phts f fd in restaurants when they g ut t eat, and the phts 2 (share) n scial media(社交媒体). When we're deciding which restaurant t g t, we lk at phts peple pst n scial media. Befre I g t a restaurant, I als lk at phts n scial media 3 (see) the fd n the menu. S, when I 4 (arrive) at the restaurant, I knw what I want t eat.
Yesterday, my granddad 5 (chse) mushrm(蘑菇) sup fr his starter because he likes sup, and I rdered fruit salad because it lked delicius in a pht I saw n my phne. Bth dishes were very gd.
“Granddad! We 6 (finish) ur starters. Nw! Lk at the menu fr the main curse(主菜).” He culdn't 7 (decide) between a fish dish and a beef dish. “Wuld yu like t see sme phts f them?” I asked. He laughed again. “OK!” he said. I gt ut my phne again, fund the phts and gave him the phne. He decided n the beef because it came with rice and carrts.
After the meal, I asked Granddad, “ 8 yu 8 (use) phts n scial media t chse yur fd next time yu eat ut?” “Maybe,” he said, “if I'm with ne f my grandchildren!”
1.(2024深圳二模)The lin dance is ne f the mst ppular traditinal arts in China. Knwn 1 the king f animals, the lin is a symbl f pwer in Chinese culture. Peple perfrm the lin dance 2 （drive） away evil（邪恶） and bring gd luck.
The lin dance 3 （perate） by tw dancers in a lin cstume. The lin's head is 4 （main） made f bamb r wd. The lin's bdy is made f clred clth. Dancers ften wear pants and shes that are 5 same clr as the lin's bdy.
The lin dance is usually seen during 6 （culture） celebratins and traditinal festivals. Over the years, it has develped int tw main types, Nrthern Lin Dance and Suthern Lin Dance. 7 bth frms share sme similarities, they shw differences in many ways. Fr example, the Nrthern Lin Dance is mre playful. It tries t shw the lin's character and 8 （behave）. The Suthern Lin Dance is mre expressive. Many peple are impressed by 9 （it） energetic mvements such as standing n wden stakes （木桩） t climb high and shaking the hair.
S far, the lin dance 10 （spread） thrughut the wrld with Chinese immigrants（移民）. Nw it is enjyed by peple f all ages.
2.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Xun is ne f the greatest Chinese writers f the 20th century. Besides his famus stries, he als wrte many influential（有影响力的） articles abut the lives f Chinese peple.
Brn in a 1 （wealth） family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhd. 2 （unlucky）, his father became seriusly ill and died in 1896. Frm that time n, his family lived a pr life and were hardly accepted by their relatives. These early 3 （experience） deeply influenced his writing.
When he studied at university in 1898, he already believed that Chinese sciety had t change and becme mdern. In 1902, he went t study in Japan. There, he began writing articles 4 several Chinese student magazines. He shwed a gift fr writing and translating and he even wrte several bks, thugh nne was ppular. He returned t China in 1909 because 5 （he） family was in need f mney.
After wrking fr several years as 6 teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned t writing. In 1918, he created his famus shrt stry Diary f a Madman, 7 was the first nvel t use vernacular Chinese（白话文）. It came ut t be a great success. And his ther nvels, such as The True Stry f Ah Q and Kng Yiji, 8 （read） by Chinese yung peple in that perid.
Althugh successful, Lu Xun still wrried greatly abut China’s future. In 1927, he mved t Shanghai and gave up 9 （write） stries in rder t fcus n articles which culd call n peple t fight fr a better cuntry.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence 10 （grw） with time. Tday, many f his writings are included in schl textbks and his wrks are valued by millins f peple arund the wrld.
3.[2024长沙模拟]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mst peple nwadays wear sneakers（跑鞋）, sandals（凉鞋） r bts. But in ancient China, many peple made 1 （they） wn clth shes.
Tangchang, 2 twn in Sichuan prvince with ver 700 years f shemaking histry, is knwn 3 its clth shes. Tangchang clth shes are easy t walk in, and they dn’t get wet 4 （easy）.
Tangchang clth shes 5 （be） ppular in China frm the Ming Dynasty t the late Qing Dynasty. In 2018, Tangchang clth shes were added t Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） list. Clth shes always lk nice, 6 making clth shes is nt easy. Grwing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang, 66, is a master f making clth shes and has been making them fr ver frty 7 （year）. The jb is much 8 （difficult） than befre because sneakers became mre ppular with custmers. Many Tangchang clth she factries shut dwn. The last ne, where Lai wrked, shut dwn in 1998.
9 （make） a living and help the cultural heritage survive, Lai and her c-wrkers cntinued t make clth shes and sld them in her stre. Then, Sichuan embridery（蜀绣） 10 （add） t the shes by Lai’s sn, Ai Peng. Tangchang clth shes may appear simple, but behind them lies the passin f Lai’s family.
4.[2024岳阳二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A vide series（系列片） named Escape frm the British Museum was released（发布） last year. It has caused a heated 1 （discuss） in China’s scial media recently. Directed by a Chinese vlgger, the three-episde series tells a stry f hw a Chinese cultural relic（文物） escapes frm the British Museum and finds 2 （it） way back t China.
In the vide series, the female vlgger 3 （play） the rle f an ancient Chinese jade teapt（玉茶壶）, while her male（男性的） partner is a jurnalist 4 helps the teapt return t China. The 5 （vide） were inspired by a netizen wh suggested 6 （make） a vide in memry f the rdeal（磨难） f Chinese cultural relics returning hme frm the UK. They said the stry was based n histrical facts and aimed t draw attentin 7 the Chinese cultural relics held abrad. After watching the vides, the netizens 8 （humrus） remarked（评论） that the treasures in the museum must be feeling “hmesick”. What 9 educatinal and creative stry!
It 10 （believe） that mre great micr-dramas like Escape Frm the British Museum are wrth lking frward t and they will becme better and better.
5.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qi Baishi is a wrld-famus art master in China. He was brn in 1 pr family frm Xiangtan, Hunan Prvince. He was at schl fr less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he fund a Chinese painting handbk—Jieziyuan Huapu. The bk inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）.
He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master f art thrugh his hard wrk. In 1902, he 5 （start） t travel arund China. He visited famus places, met many peple and saw different kinds f art pieces. These experiences helped him becme ne f the 6 （gd） artists f all time.
7 （he） paintings are generally abut small things f the wrld, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frgs. “Muse and Cat with Lamp” is ne f them. In the picture, a muse is standing n the tp f a lng ple（杆子）. Under the ple is a cat. They are s lively 8 it lks like they wuld jump ut f the paper t fight.
All the wrks 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his lve fr nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whle wrld a lt. He is 10 （real） a master f art and the pride f Hunan.
6.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ye Shengta was a famus Chinese writer. He created the first cllectin f fairy tales（童话集） named The Scarecrw（《稻草人》） fr Chinese children between 1921 and 1922.
Ye was brn in 1894 in Jiangsu. He nce wrked 1 a teacher in a primary schl. He ften tld his students stries frm Chinese and freign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） t thse stries.
In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） t write fairy tales fr a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Bat in winter f 4 same year. In the fllwing seven mnths, Ye wrte 22 5 （many） fairy tales than befre. And they made up The Scarecrw we see tday.
There are tw kinds f stries in the cllectin. The 6 （ne） kind is abut children’s inncent smiles and beautiful feelings like Little White Bat. Peple’s hard life like The Scarecrw 7 （describe） in the secnd kind f his stries. In the stry, the scarecrw ften sees pr peple’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable t stp them frm happening r give peple a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted children t care abut what happened arund 9 （they）. And he hped children culd understand adults’ 10 （sad） after reading the cllectin.
Gd wrks can always stand the test f time. Nwadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still ppular with children.
7.（2024长沙二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In daily life, crws（乌鸦） cause serius damage（破坏） t fruit and vegetable farms and lk fr fd in the rubbish. Smetimes smaller birds and even humans 1 （attack） by crws.
Because crws are very intelligent and have 2 excellent memry, they are very difficult t deal with. Even the mst lifelike scarecrws（稻草人） may nt scare 3 （they） away. Hwever, ne cmpany says what peple need is just a surprisingly simple prduct—the Crw Buster. It can prevent crws 4 mving clse.
Hearing the name, yu’d expect it t be sme kind f secret tl. But in fact, it is just a yellw piece f plastic 5 can be hung in many places, like fruit farms, huse rfs r anywhere yu can think f. And it can wrk fr up t several 6 （mnth） after being hung up.
7 its name sunds pwerful, the Crw Buster actually deals with crws in a gentle way. The cmpany desn’t 8 （clear） explain hw the Crw Buster wrks. But it has t d with the way light is reflected, which makes crws 9 （cmfrtable） and drives them away.
This special tl 10 （be） n the market fr 9 years. Based n the vides peple have shared nline and the custmer reviews n the cmpany’s website, it des wrk wnders fr crws.
8.(2024深圳二模)
Shwing Respect fr Senirs
Dads have Father's Day. Mms have Mther's Day. Kids have Children's Day. But, d ur grandparents have a special hliday? Yes, they d!
The Duble Ninth Festival is a special day fr elderly peple in China. The festival is 1 the ninth day f the ninth mnth f the lunar calendar （阴历）. As the Chinese wrd fr nine has the same sund as the wrd fr lng, peple take the Duble Ninth Festival t shw 2 （they） wishes fr a lng life fr elderly peple.
There are many traditins fr this festival. On that day, 3 （family） get tgether and climb muntains fr luck and in the hpe that elderly peple will live much lnger. They als drink chrysanthemum wine （菊花酒） and wear a plant 4 （call） zhuyu t celebrate it. Bth chrysanthemums 5 zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean huses and cure （治愈） diseases.
Respecting elderly peple is shwn nt nly n this special day but als in daily life. Fr example, when an lder persn enters 6 rm, everyne stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the hst usually intrduces them frm the 7 （ld） t the yungest. When a yunger persn is presenting smething t an lder persn, tw hands 8 （use）. On a crwded subway train r bus, yunger peple always ffer their seats t elderly peple.
It is a 9 （traditin） virtue （美德） in China t respect elderly peple. That's because the Chinese knw that elderly peple have knwledge and experience that yung peple can learn frm. S Chinese peple are prud f 10 （be） ld. Besides, t respect the elderly peple is t respect yurself tmrrw.
9.(2023济南一模)
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hand washing with sap can reduce(减少) illnesses.
One f the easiest 1 (way) t stp the spread f illness is t wash yur hands. But many children haven't 2 (develp) the right habit f hand washing. Children d nt wash 3 (they) hands ften enugh r lng enugh. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't ding it.
Issar and his friend decided 4 (slve) the prblem using a fun methd. They tried many times and created a tl called Sapen. It turned hand washing 5 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Sapen is 6 pen which is made ut f sap. The children draw n hands with the Sapen and then wash the drawing ff. The clrs will remain n the children's hands 7 they dn't spend enugh time washing them ff. It 8 (help) a teacher in the classrm a lt. After all, nt all the teachers have the time t make each child wash his hands 9 (prper).
“Children wash hands much 10 (lng) than befre nw because they like drawing n hands. Sapen des help children make a gd habit f hand washing”, said Issar.
前 缀
例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前
disappear消失；dislike 不喜欢；dishnest 不诚实的；disrder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishnrable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前
impssible不可能的；implite粗鲁的，无礼的
in- 常加在形容词，名词之前
incrrect不正确的；infrmal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前
mistake 错误；misuse 错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfrtune不幸；
un- 主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面
unhappy不愉快的；unlucky 不幸的；untrue 不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknwn未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly 不友好的；unhealthy不健康的
nn- 加在形容词、名词前
nn-existence不存在；nn-essential非本质的，不重要的nn-smker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面
irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irreslvable不能分解的，不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前
dembilize遣散，使…复员；declr 脱色，漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边
anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antiscial反社会的
cunter- 加在名词、动词前
cunterattack反攻，反击；cunteract抵抗阻碍；cunterrevlutin反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边
illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的 没有文化的；illgical不合逻辑的
前 缀
例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词
alne单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的
aut- 表示“自动”
autchart自动图表；autbigraphy自传；Autnmus自治的
c- 表示“共同”
cperate合作；c-wrker同事
dwn- 表示“往下”
dwnlad下载；dwnstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……”
enjy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够
fre- 表示“前的”
frehead额头；fresee预见
inter- 表示“互相，在……之间”
internet互联网；internatinal国际的
kil- 表示“千”
kilmetre千米，公里；kilgram千克，公斤
man-表示“人，由人”
man-made人造的，人工的，合成的
mid- 表示“中间的”
midnight 午夜；mid-autumn中秋
micr- 表示“微观的，小的”
micrfilm缩微胶卷；micrphne话筒；micr-ecnmy微观经济
re- 表示“重新，再；又”
reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的；次；小”
subway地铁；subcnscius下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的”
superman 超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的，电信的（强调距离）”
telephne电话；telegraph；电报；telescpe望远镜；televisin 电视
后 缀
例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人”
Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；Eurpean欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质，程度”
attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质，程度”
difference不同之处；imprtance重要性；patience耐性；
-ese 表示“某国人”
Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性”
actress女演员；liness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人”
teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量
handful一把的；muthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的
-hd表示关系或抽象意义
mtherhd母亲身份；childhd童年；girlhd少女时代；neighbrhd邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人”
musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程，结果”
feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；建筑物
-in,-sin,-tin,-atin,-itin，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”
actin行动；slutin解决方案；cnclusin结论；结局； expressin表达；crrectin改正，修正；prnunciatin发音；读法；invitatin邀请；decisin决定；discussin讨论
-ist表示“专业人员”
pianist 钢琴家；scientist 科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；vilinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质；状态”
agreement 协议；mvement 运动；develpment发展；punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质；状态”
happiness 幸福；business 事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；greatness伟大
-r表示“从事某事的人”
actr 演员；sailr 海员；visitr访问者，参观者；inventr发明家/人；创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念
friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relatinship关系
-th
warmth温暖；truth 真理；length 长度；yuth青年；death死亡；grwth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况
difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力
-ure表示“行为，结果”
failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事
后 缀
例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词
后变动词“使得，变得”
widen加宽；sharpen 削 ；变尖；lsen 使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化”
beautify美化；purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为”
realize意识到；rganize组织
后 缀
例 词
-able表示“有能力的”
reasnable有道理的；eatable 能吃的；enjyable 令人愉快的
-al
natural自然的；natinal 民族的，国家的；
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的”
American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）的
-ed
mved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的”
wlen羊毛的；羊毛制的；glden金的；wden木制的；frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant
pleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的
-ern表示“方向的”
eastern东方的；suthern南方的；nrthern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的”
Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的
-ful
beautiful美丽的；careful小心的；pwerful强大的；clrful多彩的
-ing
mving 感动的；encuraging 鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting有趣的
-(ic)al
electric/electrical 电的；histric有历史性的；ecnmical经济的；plitical政治的；scientific科学的
-ish
childish孩子气的；selfish自私的；wmanish像女人的；bkish书呆子气的
-ive
active积极的，cllective集体的 ；decisive决定性的；native本国的
-less 表示“否定”
careless 粗心的；useless 无用的；hpeless希望渺茫的；cuntless不可数的；helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的”
girllike像女孩一样的；bylike像男孩一样的；mtherlike像母亲一样的
-ly
friendly友好的；yearly每年的；mnthly每月的，weekly每周的；lvely可爱的；lively活泼的
-us
famus著名的；cntinuus连续不断的；delicius可口的
-sme
handsme英俊的，大方的；gladsme愉快的；tiresme疲惫的；lnesme孤独的
-(t)y
thirsty口渴的；nisy喧闹的；healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气”
snwy雪的；rainy下雨的；cludy多云的；dusty多尘的
后 缀
例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度
angrily生气地；slwly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向
twards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；hmeward向家去地
-wise
therwise否则；likewise同样地；clckwise顺时针方向地；
高频考点
谓语动词
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词
1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
高频考点
介词
0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词
0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词
0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
并列连词
0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他
0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的d, des, did；构成部分倒装的d, des, did；构成一般疑问句的d, des, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(befre, ag, hwever, anyway ...)等。
专题10 语法填空3（派生词，综合归纳 ）
题型解读｜模板构建｜真题试炼
识·题型解读 命题特点+技巧解读+真题示例
明·模板构建 答题模板/技巧点拨+典型问答
用·真题演练 真题示例+思路点拨/模板运用+规范答题+变式演练
练·模板运用 最新模拟、预测考向
有时所给提示词虽然是动词，但是空格处既不是考查谓语动词也不是考查非谓语动词，而是要求填所给词的派生词。此时要结合空格处前后的修饰词来确定所给提示词应派生为哪种词性。一般考查动词派生为名词，有时还需考虑动词变为形容词甚至副词。
前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
（1）表示否定意义的前缀，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。常用的否定前缀有：
（2）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有：
后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
（1）构成名词的后缀常用的有
（2）构成动词的后缀常用的有
（3）构成形容词的后缀常用的有
【注意】后缀词-ing与-ed的区别：加-ing的后缀词形容词主语一般为物，表示“令人……的”；加-ed的后缀词形容词，主语一般为人，表示“某人感到……”。如：
The mvie was very interesting. All f us were interested in it. 那部电影很有趣。我们所有的人都对它感兴趣。（interesting指的是电影有兴趣，而interested指的是人对电影感兴趣）
（4）构成副词的常用后缀有
1．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）Tim refused Jacky’s (invite) because they had an argument yesterday.
【答案】invitatin
【详解】句意：蒂姆拒绝了杰克的邀请，因为他们昨天吵架了。根据“Jacky’s”可知，Jacky’s是名词所有格形式，意为“……的”，其后应接名词，因此空处应填提示单词invite的名词形式invitatin“邀请”。故填invitatin。
2．（2024·甘肃酒泉·三模）They were t tired and sn fell (sleep).
【答案】asleep
【详解】句意：他们太累了，很快就睡着了。短语fall asleep表示“睡着”，符合语境。故填asleep。
3．（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）As lng as Tm wrks hard, he can (success) in slving prblems.
【答案】succeed
【详解】句意：只要汤姆努力工作，他就能成功地解决问题。can是情态动词，后跟动词原形succeed“成功”，故填succeed。
4．（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）I have t turn dwn his (invite) because I have a cming exam.
【答案】invitatin
【详解】句意：我不得不拒绝他的邀请，因为我即将参加一场考试。根据“I have t turn dwn I have a cming exam.”可知，句子缺少宾语，应使用invite的名词形式invitatin“邀请”，此处特指他的邀请，所以用名词单数形式。故填invitatin。
5．（2024·西藏日喀则·一模）His (kind) is beynd my imaginatin.
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意：他的仁慈超出了我的想象。根据“His”可知，此处应用kind的名词kindness“仁慈”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
6．（2024·云南西双版纳·一模）GPS can shw where yu are at any time. A lt f drivers use it. (exact)
【答案】exactly
【详解】句意：GPS可以准确地显示你在任何时间的位置。很多司机都用它。此处修饰动词shw，应用副词形式exactly“准确地”。故填exactly。
7．（2024·云南·三模）The at the meeting shared a stry frm his experiences. (speak)
【答案】speaker
【详解】句意：会上的演讲者分享了一个他亲身经历的故事。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填一个名词作主语，根据提示词可知，此处用speaker表示“演讲者”，结合空前的定冠词“The”可知，此处应用单数名词。故填speaker。
8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Alice smiled and ndded t shw her (agree).
【答案】agreement
【详解】句意：爱丽丝微笑着点头示意她同意。根据分析句子结构可知，her后需填名词，agree为动词，其名词为agreement“同意”，此处为不可数名词。故填agreement。
9．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）The man is very rich. He has much (wealthy).
【答案】wealth
【详解】句意：这个人很有钱，他有很多财富。根据空前“much”可知，此处应用形容词wealthy“富有的”的名词形式wealth“财富”，不可数名词，在句中作宾语。故填wealth。
10．（2024·上海徐汇·一模）Seeing s many mistakes in the examinatin paper, the teacher was . (disappint)
【答案】disappinted
【详解】句意：看到试卷上有这么多错误，老师很失望。根据“the teacher was…”可知，老师很失望，此处应用形容词作表语，故填disappinted。
11．（2024·上海黄浦·二模）The high-speed train can passengers t different places in a shrt time. (transprtatin)
【答案】transprt
【详解】句意：高速列车可以在短时间内将乘客运送到不同的地方。transprtatin“运输”，名词，此处缺少谓语，应用动词形式transprt，且can后跟动词原形。故填transprt。
12．（2023·甘肃定西·模拟预测）The mst imprtant thing is t reach an (agree) and t avid a trade war.
【答案】agreement
【详解】句意：最重要的是达成协议，避免贸易战。根据an可知，此空应填名词，reach an agreement“达成协议”，故填agreement。
13．（2023·江苏淮安·一模）When the sunshine falls n the Earth, it will be turned int (ht) and energy.
【答案】heat
【详解】句意：当阳光落在地球上时，它会变成热量和能量。根据energy可知，此空与其是并列关系，所以此空应填名词heat“热量”，故填heat。
14．（2023·内蒙古包头·三模）T imprve the in the cuntryside, the cuntry sends many teachers there every year. (educate)
【答案】educatin
【详解】句意：为了改善农村的教育，国家每年都向那里派遣许多教师。分析“T imprve the cuntryside,”可知，此空缺名词，educate“教育”的名词形式为educatin，名词作宾语，故填educatin。
15．（2023·山东青岛·二模）It was s nice a htel that the sun shne (direct) int the rm.
【答案】directly
【详解】
句意：这是一个非常不错的旅馆，阳光直接照在房间里。根据“the sun shne…int the rm”可知此处应填副词修饰动词shne，所给词direct“直接的”，形容词，其副词为directly“直接地”，故填directly。
16．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）Many peple like t watch the hrse race because it’s (fair) exciting.
【答案】fairly
【详解】句意：许多人喜欢看赛马，因为它相当刺激。根据“it’s…exciting.”可知空格处缺少副词，应用fair的副词形式fairly。故填fairly。
17．（2023·辽宁阜新·二模）I think playing t many games n yur mbile phne is (harm) t yur eyesight.
【答案】harmful
【详解】句意：我认为在手机上玩太多游戏对你的视力有害。根据“is…t yur eyesight.”可知空格处应用形容词作宾语，harm“有害”，其形容词形式为harmful“有害的”，be harmful t“对……有害”，故填harmful。
18．（2023·上海杨浦·二模）When will these kids learn t behave ?（prper）
【答案】prperly
【详解】句意：这些孩子什么时候才能学会举止得体呢？根据“When will these kids learn t behave...”可知，空处填副词。prper形容词，“适当的”，prperly副词，“得体地”，故填prperly。
19．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise.
【答案】wealthy
【详解】句意：早睡早起使人健康、富有和明智。根据“ a man wise.”可知空处应填形容词。wealth名词，“财富”，wealthy形容词，“富有的”。故填wealthy。
20．（2022·江苏盐城·三模）Peple wh are warm-hearted set gd examples t us because they pass n their t peple arund them. (kind)
【答案】kindness
【详解】句意：热心的人给我们树立了良好的榜样，因为他们把自己的善良传递给了身边的人。形容词their后加名词kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
21．（2022·山东临沂·二模）The chair in the rm was made abut ne hundred years ag. (wd)
【答案】wden
【详解】句意：房间里的木椅是大约一百年前制造的。wd“木头”，名词，修饰名词chair，用其对应的形容词wden，故填wden。
22．（2022·内蒙古包头·模拟预测）When she was playing the pian, the nise put her ff. (sudden)
【答案】sudden
【详解】句意：当她弹钢琴的时候，突然的吵闹声让她分心。名词“nise”前用形容词修饰，表达“突然的”用形容词“sudden”作定语。故填sudden。
分析近三年的考点分布可以看出，语法填空考点设置有如下特点：
一、有提示词类：设置6～7个小题
二、无提示词类：设置3～4个小题
易考词性出现背景
1.名词 A.名词出现的背景 动词后作宾语、介词后作宾语、冠词之后、数词之后
B.名词词形技巧：主要考虑名词的单复数及其所有格形式。
2.动词 A.动词出现的背景 主宾或介宾之间的动词．be动词后的动词：进行时与被动语态；情态动词之
后缺动词；并列关系中的动词；主谓分离后的谓语动词形式；分词后置作定语：过去分词和现在分词。
B.动词词形技巧： 主要考虑是要填动词的谓语形式(原形、第三人称单数、过去式、现在分词及
其过去分词形式。)还是填动词的非谓语形式(不定式，现在分词，过去分词)
3.形容词 A.形容词出现的背景 作表语、作定语修饰名词、用在某些动词后作宾语补足语
B.形容词词形技巧： 主要考虑形容词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
4.副词 （1）副词出现的背景 A．句首，作状语修饰整个句子
B．在动宾结构之后或系表结构之间表程度、方式、频率等，修饰动词
C. 在所修饰的形容词之前，作程度副词
（2）副词词形技巧：主要考虑副词原形、比较级、最高级形式。
5. 代词 代替前文出现的人、物或一件事
6. 介词 注意常用的介词用法和固定搭配
7. 连词 注意上下文及句子之间的逻辑关系
8. 冠词 a\an\the的用法区分
9. 平时的学习和做题过程中也要注意积累固定搭配和固定句型，培养语感。
考法一 给提示词
考生需要根据上下文和句子结构,确定设空处所填词的词性、形式。
考点1 考查动词
1.设空处是谓语动词的,考虑该词的时态和语态。
例1 The ther day, we chatted with my grandmther, and mentined vide
calling ver the Internet. It (invent) fr peple t see each ther while talking nline.
答案 is invented/was invented
解析 第二句中的主语It指代的是前文提到的vide calling,与动词invent是被动关系。
例2 Last week, he (cme)t visit us in Canada.
答案 came
解析 根据Last week可判断时态为一般过去时,主语he与cme之间是主动关系,因此使用cme的过去式came。
2.设空处如果不是谓语动词,就有可能是动词的非谓语形式
例1 Su Yu-shan, the manager f the stre, says the envirnment can help
peple learn t d “sul(灵魂)reading” by (prvide) a private experience with each bk that draws ne’s attentin.
答案 prviding
解析 设空处前为介词by,介词后接动名词形式。
例2 Then I taught him hw t use the Internet and hw (play) chess nline.
答案 t play
解析 hw 与hw t use是并列结构,作谓语动词taught的宾语。
考点2 考查名词
首先确定所给名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。如果是可数名词,还需要确定用单数还是复数形式。
例 Nw he is quite gd at playing chess nline and has made a lt f (friend) n the Internet at the same time.
答案 friends
解析 提示词friend是可数名词,且设空处前出现a lt f,因此使用其复数形式。
考点3 考查形容词
如果设空句出现了提示使用比较等级的关键词或短语时,则需要用提示词的适当形式填空。比如形容词比较级前经常会有much,even,a little,a bit等关键词或短语出现,后会有than出现。
例 My grandfather is much (happy) than befre.
答案 happier
解析 提示词为形容词,设空处前出现关键词much,且空后出现than,因此要使用形容词的比较级形式。
考点4 考查代词
1.考查物主代词。
设空处后出现名词,常考查形容词性物主代词。
解析 题干中lifestyle前使用形容词性物主代词their,注意句首单词首字母大写。
例 The San peple have anther name—“bush peple”. (they) lifestyle is very simple, but they knw mre abut animals and plants than mst peple d.
答案 Their
2.考查人称代词
例 But he was very disappinted when he fund nbdy here culd play chess with (he).
答案 him
解析 提示词为代词,设空处作with的宾语,因此使用人称代词he的宾格。
考查反身代词
例 Nw,she enjys (her) when talking with us every day. She is happy and yu can tell frm the expressin n her face.
答案 herself
解析 enjy neself 过得开心,为固定短语,neself和主语she保持一致,故填herself。
考点5 词性转换
1.动词转换为形容词
例 After changing int the dress and getting my makeup dne, I felt (relax).
答案 relaxed
解析 本句的主语是I,felt后接形容词作表语,因此填形容词relaxed。
2.名词转换为形容词
例 With the help f his father-in-law, a builder, he mved int a (cmfrt) new hme after nly fur mnths.
答案 cmfrtable
解析 提示词是名词,设空处修饰其后的名词hme,因此要将其转化为形容词形式
3.形容词转换为副词
例 The bkstre is almst (cmplete) dark, except fr the shelves f bks.
答案 cmpletely
解析 本句考查副词作状语,修饰形容词dark,表示书店“几乎完全是黑的”,所以填cmpletely。
4.动词转换为名词
例 Su Yu-shan, the (manage) f the stre, says the envirnment can help peple learn t d “sul(灵魂) reading” by prviding a private experience with each bk that draws ne’s attentin.
答案 manager
解析 设空处补充说明Su Yu-shan是书店的经理,且设空处前出现冠词the,冠词the修饰名词,故填manager。
考法二 无提示词
无提示词的一般是填写冠词、介词、连词、副词、作形式主语或宾语的it等。
考点1 考查冠词
填写不定冠词时,注意其后单词若以元音音素开头则使用an,以辅音音素开头则使用a。
例1 The ther day, we chatted with my grandmther, and mentined vide calling ver the Internet. It was invented fr peple t see each ther while talking nline. Then we came up with idea.
解析 设空后为单数可数名词idea, 在本句中表示泛指,前面用不定冠词,idea 以元音音素开头,不定冠词用an。
答案 an
例2 I tk him t cmputer in my rm and said, “Right here.”
答案 the
解析 题干中的in my rm修饰限定cmputer,因此设空处表特指,答案为定冠词。
考点2 考查连词
并列的两个或多个单词、短语或句子之间设空,一般填入的连词有and,but,r,s。
若句子之间为从属关系,则填从属连词。
例 it might nt be fr everyne, Wuguan Bks creates a very different kind f envirnment frm mst bkstres.
答案 Althugh/Thugh/While
解析 由语境可知,逗号前后为让步关系,设空处表示“尽管、即使”。故可填Althugh/Thugh/While。注意句首单词首字母大写。
考点3 考查介词
介词经常出现在固定搭配或者短语中。
例 “Grandpa, smene is waiting yu t play chess,” I went t him and said.
答案 fr
解析 wait fr是固定搭配,意为“等候”。
考点4 考查副词
副词经常在一些固定搭配或者短语中出现,比如:put ff(推迟),turn n(打开),take ff(起飞)等。
例 I climbed f my tent and lked ut at the muntain.
答案 ut
解析 climb ut f从……爬出来。
考点5 考查it的用法
例 is necessary t encurage kids t cme up with new ways t make use f technlgy in schl life.
解析 It在句子中是形式主语,真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语。“It is+形容词+t d...”是常见表达。
答案 It
1.[2024福建]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xi’an is the capital city f Shaanxi prvince. It lies in 1 nrth f China. The city’s early histry is ften cnnected with Liu Bang, wh started the Han Dynasty and made Xi’an his capital. He 2 （give） it the name Chang’an. During the Tang Dynasty, Xi’an achieved its great imprtance. Krea and Japan fllwed Xi’an’s example in 3 （build） their ancient capitals.
Many things frm ancient times can still be fund in Xi’an tday. The city wall—ne f the few city walls still left in China—is a gd example. It 4 （g） arund the city and is an imprtant cultural site（遗址）. In central Xi’an there is the Bell Twer—the 5 （large） bell twer remaining in China. The bell was first designed as an emergency alarm（警钟） t warn f danger, 6 it was very ften used t tell peple the time.
While Xi’an is a city 7 a lng histry, it is als very much a part f the mdern wrld. It is best 8 （knw） as a center fr sftware（软件） research, develpment and services. Histrically, Xi’an has always been a city f art, industry and business that have placed it far in frnt f many ther 9 （city）.
Xi’an is a city always remaking 10 （it） and lking frward, all the while keeping the best f the past.
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国陕西省省会西安这座城市。
[答案]1．the2．gave3．building4．ges5．largest6．but7．with8．knwn9．cities10．itself
[解析]
1．考查冠词。in the nrth f是固定结构，表示“在……的北方”。 故填the。
2．考查动词的时态。句子描述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。 故填gave。
3．考查动词的非谓语形式。介词in后面应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。 故填building。
4．考查动词的时态。此处描述城墙的特点，应用一般现在时，主语是It，动词应用第三人称单数形式。 故填ges。
5．考查形容词的比较等级。根据句意及空前的the可知，此处需使用large的最高级。 故填largest。
6．考查连词。根据句意，设空处前后构成转折关系，应使用连词but。 故填but。
7．考查介词。with a lng histry表示“有着悠久的历史”。 故填with。
8．考查动词的非谓语形式。固定搭配be knwn as表示“作为……而知名”。 故填knwn。
9．考查名词复数。many ther修饰的名词应用复数形式。 故填cities。
10．考查代词。此处表示西安是一座一直在重塑自己的城市，应使用反身代词itself。 故填itself。
2.[2024江苏苏州]请认真阅读下面短文，在横线上填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When cultures meet, nt just their language r clthing may be different. Often their fd will be 1 （great） different t. Peple n bth sides can discver new chances fr trading. This text 2 （tell） hw sme cmmn fd plants spread arund the wrld.
As early as 5,000 BC, 3 （ptat） were traded in Suth America as a valuable type f fd. They were 4 （take） t Eurpe in the 1500s and their use sn spread acrss it.
Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s, traders had begun t ship tea frm China t Eurpe. Tea drinking sn 5 （becme） fashinable there but because 6 its high price, it remained a drink fr the wealthy.
Sugar cane（甘蔗） was first used t prduce 7 kind f sweet juice ver 8,000 years ag n the island f New Guinea. Its use sn spread acrss Suth East Asia and then t the 8 （wide） wrld.
Cca was used t make a cld, spicy drink in Central America ver 3,000 years ag. The Eurpeans brught it back with 9 （they） in the 1520s and added sugar t make the sweet, ht drink we knw tday. 10 it’s expensive, many peple still lve it.
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些常见的食用植物，如马铃薯、茶叶、甘蔗、可可粉是如何传播到世界各地的。
[答案]1．greatly2．tells3．ptates4．taken5．became6．f7．a8．wider9．them10．Thugh
[解析]
1．考查副词。因空后的different是形容词，要用副词修饰，故此处填greatly。
2．考查时态。此处指本文告诉了读者什么内容，应该用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，故填tells。
3．考查名词。ptat是可数名词，空后是were，此处应该用复数，故填ptates。
4．考查被动语态。主语They指的是马铃薯，马铃薯应该是被带到欧洲去，故填taken。
5．考查时态。前一句讲17世纪，茶叶已经开始从中国运到欧洲，所以此处喝茶很快变得流行是发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时，故填became。
6．考查介词。此处指由于茶叶的高价格。因为空后是名词短语，所以此处应用because f表示“由于”，故填f。
7．考查冠词。甘蔗首先用来生产一种甜果汁，此处表示泛指，故填a。
8．考查形容词比较级。此处指很快传播到东南亚，然后传播到更广阔的世界。故填wider。
9．考查代词。空前的with是介词，此处应使用代词宾格，故填them。
10．考查连词。这句话表示虽然它昂贵，但是许多人仍然喜欢它。句首单词首字母大写。故填Thugh。
3.[2024四川南充]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Shumei, brn in 1937, spent mst f her time wrking in a factry. In 1996, she learned her 1 （ne） Chinese character（汉字）. Sixteen years later, she started t write dwn sme f her wn 2 （stry）. It was nt easy. Smetimes, cmpleting a single sentence culd take a day. She 3 （usual） started at 3 r 4 a.m., and revised（修改） the pieces several times until she was 4 （satisfy）.
In 2013, her bk, Time f Truble, Time f Pverty, was published and prved t be 5 success. The bk earned Jiang a lt f fans and sympathy（同情）. “Dn’t feel srry fr me,” she says t her fans. “The hardships mentined in the bk are nw in the past. 6 them, I culd never have finished this bk.”
S far, the elderly wman 7 （publish） six bks, ttaling mre than 600,000 characters in length. “It’s never t late. I enjy 8 （I）when writing,” Jiang says. She lives a healthy life, exercising every day 9 eating a balanced diet. “If I culd live as lng as 130, wuld yu still say that it is t late fr me 10 （start） after 60?” she says jkingly.
这是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国作家姜淑梅的写作历程、成就及感悟。
[答案]1．first2．stries3．usually4．satisfied5．a6．Withut7．has published8．myself9．and10．t start
[解析]
1．考查数词。根据语境可知此处表示“第一个”。故填first。
2．考查名词的数。stry是可数名词，由空前的sme f her wn可知，此处应用复数形式。故填stries。
3．考查副词。设空处修饰started，应用副词。故填usually。
4．考查形容词。设空处作表语，应用提示词的形容词形式。此处表示她对所修改的内容感到满意，故填satisfied。
5．考查冠词。根据句意和空后的success可知，此处需要用不定冠词泛指“一个成功的事物”。success的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
6．考查介词。根据语境推断句意为“没有它们（苦难），我就不能完成这本书。”此处需要用介词withut表示“没有”。句首单词首字母大写，故填Withut。
7．考查动词的时态。由时间状语S far可知，句子应用现在完成时；主语the elderly wman为第三人称单数，故填has published。
8．考查反身代词。该空是enjy的宾语，其主语和提示词都是I，因此这里应表示“我自己”。enjy neself也是固定搭配，意为“过得愉快”。故填myself。
9．考查连词。设空处前后的exercising every day和eating a balanced diet为并列关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
10．考查动词的非谓语形式。设空处所在的从句应用了结构“it is+ adj. +fr sb. +t d sth.”，空处应用动词不定式。故填t start。
4.(2023潍坊)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词。
“I suddenly understd,” Valeria said, “why Mari wanted t buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy 1 (wrk) tgether during this perid, I'm sure. They must have burned the farm dwn, Rbert. They culd have killed yu!”
“I can't believe it,” Rbert said. “My wn uncle wuldn't d that. It's 2 (pssible).”
“But it must be true, Rbert,” Valeria said. “It's the nly explanatin.”
In the evening, Inspectr(警官) Pavne telephned and asked t speak t Rbert. “S far yur uncle 3 (tell) us everything. He burned yur farm dwn t make yu 4 (sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices wuld g up when a big cmpany mved t the twn. Then he and yur uncle made a prject 5 (build) shps and huses n yur land s that they culd sell them fr prfit. They wuld have becme terribly wealthy!”
Rbert culd nt speak. His wn uncle had lied t him and almst killed him.
“Yur uncle and Pagani are bth criminals(罪犯),” the inspectr said.
“Yur uncle is a flish and greedy man. He gt himself int sme 6 (danger) business. They must pay fr their 7 (act).”
Rbert held the telephne 8 (quiet) with eyes full f tears.
The inspectr was right. Mari and Pagani 9 (put) int prisn sn. Rbert did nt feel happy, sad r angry abut them. He was t 10 (disappint) t feel anything.
Sme mnths passed. Rbert began t think abut the future.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Rbert的叔叔觊觎他农场的土地,伙同Pagani烧毁了他的农场。虽然最后坏人被绳之以法,但面对亲人的背叛,Rbert备受打击。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“历史、社会与文化”这一主题群,涉及子主题“公共秩序与法律法规”。
1.wrking 考查动词的非谓语形式。根据空前were busy可知这里是be busy ding结构,表示“忙于做某事”,故填wrking。
2.impssible 考查形容词。根据上文“My wn uncle wuldn't d that.”可知Rbert不相信自己的叔叔会做这样的事情,故空处表示“不可能的”,im-是否定前缀,故填impssible。
3.has tld 考查时态。根据上文S far和下文“He burned yur farm dwn”可知,叔叔“已经”交代了犯罪事实,因此用现在完成时,故填has tld。
4.sell 考查动词。make sb. d sth.“迫使某人做某事”,故填sell。
5.t build 考查动词不定式。build shps and huses是空前made a prject的目的,此处应用不定式作目的状语,故填t build。
6.dangerus 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词business, 应使用形容词,故填dangerus。
7.actins 考查名词。此处指为他们的“行为”付出代价,actin表示“行为”时为可数名词,根据句意可知这里应为复数,故填actins。
8.quietly 考查副词。设空处修饰动词held,应用副词,故填quietly。
9.were put 考查被动语态。主语Mari and Pagani与put之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,时态应用一般过去时,主语为两个人,故填were put。
10.disappinted 考查形容词。设空处作表语,表达一种心情(失望的),应使用形容词形式,故填disappinted。
5.(2023滨州)
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
An idl is smene wh we respect r lve. Hwever, unlike many f my classmates, my idl is nt a film star, a famus writer r a sprtsman. My idl is my dad.
Mst peple believe that a man 1 (g) ut and wrk. Hwever, when I was nly a five-year-ld by, I was 2 (serius) ill and needed attentin all the time. My dad knew hw much my mum lved her jb, s he stpped 3 (wrk) t stay at hme and lk after me. Many men in this situatin wuld want their 4 (wife) t stay with the child, but my dad always thinks abut 5 (ther) befre himself. This made me start t respect him.
My dad later tk a jb and wrked at night. He chse the jb s that he wuld nly be ut f the huse when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad 6 (help) and supprted me in everything I d. I remember when I was learning t ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back f the bicycle s that I wuld nt fall. I 7 (feel) s safe because I knew he was near. Sn, I was able t ride by 8 (I).
My family is nt rich, and we d nt wn a big huse r an expensive car. My dad has shwn me that smething is 9 (imprtant) than mney. Althugh he nw wrks hard every day and is ften very busy, he always makes time 10 (stay) with me. He helps me with my hmewrk, and plays games with me n weekends. He has als taught me that I can achieve anything if I really wrk hard n it.
My dad is my idl because he shwed me the mst imprtant things in life.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者视爸爸为偶像的原因及爸爸教会作者的道理。
1.shuld g 根据语境可知这里说的是大多数人认为男人应该出去工作,故填shuld g。
2.seriusly 空处修饰形容词ill,表示病得很严重,应该用副词形式,故填seriusly。
3.wrking 固定搭配stp ding sth.意为“停止做某事”,此处表示爸爸停止工作,故填wrking。
4.wives 主语men为复数,他们的妻子也应该用复数形式,故填wives。
5.thers 由语境可知,这里表示爸爸总是先考虑他自己以外的其他人,故填thers。
6.has helped 根据时间状语Since then可知,这里应该使用现在完成时,故填has helped。
7.felt 这里讲述作者学习骑车的事,故事发生在过去,用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填felt。
8.myself 固定搭配by neself意为“独自”,此处指很快作者就能独自骑车了。故填myself。
9.mre imprtant 根据空后的than可知,此处应该使用比较级,故填mre imprtant。
10.t stay 固定搭配make time t d sth.意为“抽出时间做某事”,故填t stay。
6.(2023威海)
用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。
I went t a restaurant fr lunch with my granddad yesterday, and when the starters came, I gt ut my phne and began t take sme phts f them. My granddad was very surprised, and he laughed at me. “Fd is fr eating!” he said, “And why 1 yu 1 (take) phts f it?” Then I was surprised. Didn't he knw why?
All my friends always take phts f fd in restaurants when they g ut t eat, and the phts 2 (share) n scial media(社交媒体). When we're deciding which restaurant t g t, we lk at phts peple pst n scial media. Befre I g t a restaurant, I als lk at phts n scial media 3 (see) the fd n the menu. S, when I 4 (arrive) at the restaurant, I knw what I want t eat.
Yesterday, my granddad 5 (chse) mushrm(蘑菇) sup fr his starter because he likes sup, and I rdered fruit salad because it lked delicius in a pht I saw n my phne. Bth dishes were very gd.
“Granddad! We 6 (finish) ur starters. Nw! Lk at the menu fr the main curse(主菜).” He culdn't 7 (decide) between a fish dish and a beef dish. “Wuld yu like t see sme phts f them?” I asked. He laughed again. “OK!” he said. I gt ut my phne again, fund the phts and gave him the phne. He decided n the beef because it came with rice and carrts.
After the meal, I asked Granddad, “ 8 yu 8 (use) phts n scial media t chse yur fd next time yu eat ut?” “Maybe,” he said, “if I'm with ne f my grandchildren!”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者和爷爷一起去吃饭,菜一上桌作者就拍照并将其分享到社交媒体上,同时也会通过社交媒体上的照片选择食物,这让爷爷很惊讶。 一顿饭后,爷爷也接受了这种方式。
1.are;taking/did;take 菜上桌后作者开始拍照。由下文的“Didn't he knw why?”可知,这里表示爷爷问作者为什么拍照,可以用现在进行时表示正在发生的动作,也可以用一般过去时表示刚刚发生的动作。故填 are;taking/did;take。
2.are shared/will be shared 照片是被分享到社交媒体,应该用被动语态。这里可以用一般现在时表示照片一般会被分享,也可以用一般将来时表示照片将会被分享,故填are shared/will be shared。
3.t see 前面提到的 lk at phts n scial media是为了看菜单上面的食物,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填t see。
4.arrive 主句“I knw what I want t eat”为一般现在时,when引导的时间状语从句也用一般现在时,I为第一人称,谓语动词用原形,故填arrive。
5.chse 根据时间状语Yesterday可知,应该用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填chse。
6.have finished 根据第三段最后一句“Bth dishes were very gd.”和后文“Lk at the menu fr the main curse.”可知,开胃菜已经吃完了,应该用现在完成时,故填have finished。
7.decide 情态动词后面用动词原形,故填decide。
8.Will;use 根据时间状语next time yu eat ut可知,应该用一般将来时,由问号可知,用一般疑问句。故填Will;use。
1.(2024深圳二模)The lin dance is ne f the mst ppular traditinal arts in China. Knwn 1 the king f animals, the lin is a symbl f pwer in Chinese culture. Peple perfrm the lin dance 2 （drive） away evil（邪恶） and bring gd luck.
The lin dance 3 （perate） by tw dancers in a lin cstume. The lin's head is 4 （main） made f bamb r wd. The lin's bdy is made f clred clth. Dancers ften wear pants and shes that are 5 same clr as the lin's bdy.
The lin dance is usually seen during 6 （culture） celebratins and traditinal festivals. Over the years, it has develped int tw main types, Nrthern Lin Dance and Suthern Lin Dance. 7 bth frms share sme similarities, they shw differences in many ways. Fr example, the Nrthern Lin Dance is mre playful. It tries t shw the lin's character and 8 （behave）. The Suthern Lin Dance is mre expressive. Many peple are impressed by 9 （it） energetic mvements such as standing n wden stakes （木桩） t climb high and shaking the hair.
S far, the lin dance 10 （spread） thrughut the wrld with Chinese immigrants（移民）. Nw it is enjyed by peple f all ages.
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了舞狮的相关情况，包括发展起源以及南北方舞狮的差异。
[答案]1．as2．t drive3．is perated4．mainly5．the6．cultural
7．Althugh/Thugh8．behaviur/behavir9．its10．has spread
[解析]
1．本题考查介词。句意：狮子被称为万兽之王，在中国文化中是权力的象征。be knwn as“被称为，作为……而出名”，固定短语，故填as。
2．本题考查非谓语动词。句意：人们表演舞狮来驱邪并带来好运。drive away “赶走”，空处用动词不定式表目的，故填t drive。
3．本题考查被动语态。句意：舞狮是由两个穿着狮子服装的舞者操纵的。分析句子可知，主语The lin dance与谓语动词perate之间是被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故填is perated。
4．本题考查副词。句意：狮子的头主要由竹子或木头制成。空处用副词修饰谓语is made；mainly “主要地”，故填mainly。
5．本题考查冠词。句意：舞蹈演员经常穿和上衣颜色一样的裤子和鞋。根据“same clr as the lin's bdy”可知，此处表达 “和狮身一样的颜色”，the “和……相同的……”，故填the。
6．本题考查形容词。句意：舞狮通常出现在文化庆典和传统节日期间。空处缺少形容词作定语修饰celebratins，culture的形容词为cultural，故填cultural。
7．本题考查连词。句意：虽然这两种形式有一些相似之处，但它们在许多方面表现出不同。根据“bth frms share sme similarities”与 “they shw differences in many ways”可知，此处用Althugh/Thugh引导让步状语从句，故填Althugh/Thugh。
8．本题考查名词。句意：它试图展示狮子的特征和行为。根据“the lin's character”可知，此处应用behave的名词形式，表达狮子的性格和行为，故填behaviur/behavir。
9．本题考查物主代词。句意：许多人被它那充满活力的动作所打动，比如站在木桩上向上攀爬和摇动毛发。空处应用it的形容词性物主代词形式，修饰名词短语energetic mvements，故填its。
10．本题考查时态。句意：到目前为止，舞狮运动已经随着中国移民传播到世界各地。根据“S far”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语the lin dance为第三人称单数，故填has spread。
2.（2024长沙一模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Xun is ne f the greatest Chinese writers f the 20th century. Besides his famus stries, he als wrte many influential（有影响力的） articles abut the lives f Chinese peple.
Brn in a 1 （wealth） family in 1881, Lu Xun had a happy childhd. 2 （unlucky）, his father became seriusly ill and died in 1896. Frm that time n, his family lived a pr life and were hardly accepted by their relatives. These early 3 （experience） deeply influenced his writing.
When he studied at university in 1898, he already believed that Chinese sciety had t change and becme mdern. In 1902, he went t study in Japan. There, he began writing articles 4 several Chinese student magazines. He shwed a gift fr writing and translating and he even wrte several bks, thugh nne was ppular. He returned t China in 1909 because 5 （he） family was in need f mney.
After wrking fr several years as 6 teacher in Beijing, Lu Xun again returned t writing. In 1918, he created his famus shrt stry Diary f a Madman, 7 was the first nvel t use vernacular Chinese（白话文）. It came ut t be a great success. And his ther nvels, such as The True Stry f Ah Q and Kng Yiji, 8 （read） by Chinese yung peple in that perid.
Althugh successful, Lu Xun still wrried greatly abut China’s future. In 1927, he mved t Shanghai and gave up 9 （write） stries in rder t fcus n articles which culd call n peple t fight fr a better cuntry.
Since his death in 1936, Lu Xun’s influence 10 （grw） with time. Tday, many f his writings are included in schl textbks and his wrks are valued by millins f peple arund the wrld.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了中国著名作家鲁迅。
[答案]1．wealthy2．Unluckily3．experiences4．fr5．his6．a7．which8．were read9．writing10．has grwn
[解析]
1．考查形容词。修饰名词family用形容词, wealthy“富有的”，故填wealthy。
2．考查副词。根据his father became seriusly ill and died in 1896可知，此处应表示不幸；空处作状语修饰句子，应用副词，unluckily“不幸地”，注意首字母大写。故填Unluckily。
3．考查名词复数。experience意为“（一次）经历”时为可数名词，根据These可知，此处填名词复数，故填experiences。
4．考查介词。此处指他开始为几家中国的学生杂志写文章，fr“为，给”。故填fr。
5．考查代词。根据空后的family可知，设空处应填形容词性物主代词。故填his。
6．考查冠词。这里泛指一名老师，且teacher是辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
7．考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Diary f a Madman，指代物，在从句中作主语，故填which。
8．考查被动语态。nvels与read是被动关系，用被动语态。且由in that perid可知，时态是一般过去时。主语为复数，故填were read。
9．考查动词的-ing形式。give up ding sth.“放弃做某事”。故填writing。
10．考查时态。根据Since his death in 1936可知，该句是现在完成时；主语Lu Xun’s influence是单数，故填has grwn。
3.[2024长沙模拟]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mst peple nwadays wear sneakers（跑鞋）, sandals（凉鞋） r bts. But in ancient China, many peple made 1 （they） wn clth shes.
Tangchang, 2 twn in Sichuan prvince with ver 700 years f shemaking histry, is knwn 3 its clth shes. Tangchang clth shes are easy t walk in, and they dn’t get wet 4 （easy）.
Tangchang clth shes 5 （be） ppular in China frm the Ming Dynasty t the late Qing Dynasty. In 2018, Tangchang clth shes were added t Sichuan’s intangible cultural heritage（非物质文化遗产） list. Clth shes always lk nice, 6 making clth shes is nt easy. Grwing up in Tangchang, Lai Shufang, 66, is a master f making clth shes and has been making them fr ver frty 7 （year）. The jb is much 8 （difficult） than befre because sneakers became mre ppular with custmers. Many Tangchang clth she factries shut dwn. The last ne, where Lai wrked, shut dwn in 1998.
9 （make） a living and help the cultural heritage survive, Lai and her c-wrkers cntinued t make clth shes and sld them in her stre. Then, Sichuan embridery（蜀绣） 10 （add） t the shes by Lai’s sn, Ai Peng. Tangchang clth shes may appear simple, but behind them lies the passin f Lai’s family.
本文是一篇记叙文。在四川唐昌——一个有着700年制鞋历史的镇上，布鞋制作大师赖淑芳和她的同事们传承非物质文化遗产，继续制作着布鞋。
[答案]1．their2．a3．fr4．easily5．were6．but7．years8．mre difficult9．T make10．was added
[解析]
1．考查代词。根据空后的wn clth shes可知，设空处应填形容词性物主代词。故填their。
2．考查冠词。这里泛指一个四川省的镇，且twn是以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
3．考查介词。be knwn fr 因……而出名，固定搭配。故填fr。
4．考查副词。修饰动词get 需用副词。故填easily。
5．考查时态。根据frm the Ming Dynasty t the late Qing Dynasty可知，此句用一般过去时；主语Tangchang clth shes为复数，故填were。
6．考查连词。设空处前的Clth shes always lk nice和设空处后的making clth shes is nt easy为转折关系，故填but。
7．考查名词复数。根据frty可知，此处需用复数形式，故填years。
8．考查形容词比较级。根据设空处前的much和后面的than可知，此处需用形容词比较级，故填mre difficult。
9．考查动词不定式。此处表示为了维持生计和帮助文化遗产的生存，赖淑芳和她的同事们继续制作布鞋并在她的店里出售。此处需用动词不定式表目的。空处位于句首，句首单词首字母需大写，故填T make。
10．考查被动语态。主语Sichuan embridery与动词add之间存在被动关系，需用被动语态。结合上文可知，此句需用一般过去时；主语为单数，故填was added。
4.[2024岳阳二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A vide series（系列片） named Escape frm the British Museum was released（发布） last year. It has caused a heated 1 （discuss） in China’s scial media recently. Directed by a Chinese vlgger, the three-episde series tells a stry f hw a Chinese cultural relic（文物） escapes frm the British Museum and finds 2 （it） way back t China.
In the vide series, the female vlgger 3 （play） the rle f an ancient Chinese jade teapt（玉茶壶）, while her male（男性的） partner is a jurnalist 4 helps the teapt return t China. The 5 （vide） were inspired by a netizen wh suggested 6 （make） a vide in memry f the rdeal（磨难） f Chinese cultural relics returning hme frm the UK. They said the stry was based n histrical facts and aimed t draw attentin 7 the Chinese cultural relics held abrad. After watching the vides, the netizens 8 （humrus） remarked（评论） that the treasures in the museum must be feeling “hmesick”. What 9 educatinal and creative stry!
It 10 （believe） that mre great micr-dramas like Escape Frm the British Museum are wrth lking frward t and they will becme better and better.
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了网络剧《逃出大英博物馆》的故事情节、创作背景及其影响。
[答案]1．discussin2．its3．plays4．wh/that5．vides6．making7．t8．humrusly9．an10．is believed
[解析]1．考查名词。空前有a，此处应用可数名词单数，discussin“讨论”。故填discussin。
2．考查代词。空后是名词，此处用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
3．考查时态。结合语境和while her male partner is可知，此处用一般现在时。主语是名词单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填plays。
4．考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代a jurnalist，故填wh/that。
5．考查名词。根据空后的were可知此处用名词复数。故填vides。
6．suggest ding sth. 建议做某事，故填making。
7．考查介词。draw attentin t“引起对……的关注”，为固定搭配。故填t。
8．考查副词。空处修饰动词remarked，用副词。humrusly“幽默地”。故填humrusly。
9．考查冠词。 此处是感叹句“What a/an +形容词+名词!”结构。因为educatinal以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
10．考查固定结构。 it is believed that...“人们相信……”。故填is believed。
5.[2024衡阳一模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Qi Baishi is a wrld-famus art master in China. He was brn in 1 pr family frm Xiangtan, Hunan Prvince. He was at schl fr less than a year because 2 illnesses. One day, he fund a Chinese painting handbk—Jieziyuan Huapu. The bk inspired his interest in painting 3 （picture）.
He decided 4 （learn） by himself and later became a master f art thrugh his hard wrk. In 1902, he 5 （start） t travel arund China. He visited famus places, met many peple and saw different kinds f art pieces. These experiences helped him becme ne f the 6 （gd） artists f all time.
7 （he） paintings are generally abut small things f the wrld, such as fish, shrimps（虾） and frgs. “Muse and Cat with Lamp” is ne f them. In the picture, a muse is standing n the tp f a lng ple（杆子）. Under the ple is a cat. They are s lively 8 it lks like they wuld jump ut f the paper t fight.
All the wrks 9 （create） by Qi Baishi in a fresh way, which expressed his lve fr nature and life. His talents and skills amazed the whle wrld a lt. He is 10 （real） a master f art and the pride f Hunan.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了著名画家齐白石。
[答案]1．a2．f3．pictures4．t learn5．started6．best7．His8．that9．were created10．really
[解析]
1．考查冠词。此处指“一个贫穷的家庭”，是第一次提到，且pr以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2．考查固定搭配。because f “因为”。故填f。
3．考查名词复数。此处表示泛指，空前无冠词或物主代词，用名词复数。故填pictures。
4．考查动词不定式。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”。故填t learn。
5．考查时态。根据In 1902可知，句子用一般过去时。故填started。
6．考查形容词最高级。“ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”。故填best。
7．考查代词。用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，空处位于句首，首字母大写，故填His。
8．考查状语从句的引导词。根据“s lks like...”可知，此处为“”表示“如此……以至于”。故填that。
9．考查被动语态。主语All the wrks和谓语动词create之间是被动关系，结合语境和后面定语从句中的expressed可知，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were created。
10．空处作状语，表示“真正地”，用副词really。故填really。
6.[2024长沙雅礼二模]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ye Shengta was a famus Chinese writer. He created the first cllectin f fairy tales（童话集） named The Scarecrw（《稻草人》） fr Chinese children between 1921 and 1922.
Ye was brn in 1894 in Jiangsu. He nce wrked 1 a teacher in a primary schl. He ften tld his students stries frm Chinese and freign classics. His students were all happy 2 （listen） t thse stries.
In 1921, Ye 3 （begin） t write fairy tales fr a magazine. He finished his first fairy tale Little White Bat in winter f 4 same year. In the fllwing seven mnths, Ye wrte 22 5 （many） fairy tales than befre. And they made up The Scarecrw we see tday.
There are tw kinds f stries in the cllectin. The 6 （ne） kind is abut children’s inncent smiles and beautiful feelings like Little White Bat. Peple’s hard life like The Scarecrw 7 （describe） in the secnd kind f his stries. In the stry, the scarecrw ften sees pr peple’s difficulties in life, 8 he is unable t stp them frm happening r give peple a helping hand. He feels very helpless and falls in the field at last. Ye wanted children t care abut what happened arund 9 （they）. And he hped children culd understand adults’ 10 （sad） after reading the cllectin.
Gd wrks can always stand the test f time. Nwadays, Ye’s fairy tales are still ppular with children.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了叶圣陶和他创作的童话集《稻草人》的背景、内容和影响。
[答案]1．as2．t listen3．began4．the5．mre6．first7．is described8．but9．them10．sadness
[解析]
1．考查介词。由语境可知，此处指他曾经在一所小学当老师。 wrk as从事……工作，故填as。
2．考查动词不定式。be happy t d sth.很高兴去做某事。故填t listen。
3．考查时态。根据In 1921可知，此处需用一般过去时，故填began。
4．考查定冠词。此处特指同一年，故填the。
5．考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than befre可知，此处需用比较级。many的比较级为mre。故填mre。
6．考查序数词。由语境和空前的The可知，此处表示第一种故事。故填first。
7．考查被动语态。Peple’s hard life与describe之间为被动关系，需用被动语态。此处介绍一般事实，用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，故填is described。
8．考查连词。空前提到稻草人经常看到穷人生活中的困难，空后提到它无法阻止这些事情的发生，也无法帮助人们。空前后为转折关系，故填but。
9．考查代词。空处位于介词arund 后，故用代词宾格，故填them。
10．考查名词。空处位于名词所有格adults’后，需用sad的名词形式sadness，这里表示“悲伤”，为不可数名词,故填sadness。
7.（2024长沙二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In daily life, crws（乌鸦） cause serius damage（破坏） t fruit and vegetable farms and lk fr fd in the rubbish. Smetimes smaller birds and even humans 1 （attack） by crws.
Because crws are very intelligent and have 2 excellent memry, they are very difficult t deal with. Even the mst lifelike scarecrws（稻草人） may nt scare 3 （they） away. Hwever, ne cmpany says what peple need is just a surprisingly simple prduct—the Crw Buster. It can prevent crws 4 mving clse.
Hearing the name, yu’d expect it t be sme kind f secret tl. But in fact, it is just a yellw piece f plastic 5 can be hung in many places, like fruit farms, huse rfs r anywhere yu can think f. And it can wrk fr up t several 6 （mnth） after being hung up.
7 its name sunds pwerful, the Crw Buster actually deals with crws in a gentle way. The cmpany desn’t 8 （clear） explain hw the Crw Buster wrks. But it has t d with the way light is reflected, which makes crws 9 （cmfrtable） and drives them away.
This special tl 10 （be） n the market fr 9 years. Based n the vides peple have shared nline and the custmer reviews n the cmpany’s website, it des wrk wnders fr crws.
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种能够驱赶乌鸦的工具。
[答案]1．are attacked2．an3．them4．frm5．which/that6．mnths7．Althugh/Thugh8．clearly
9．uncmfrtable10．has been
[解析]
1．考查被动语态。根据by crws可知，此处指被乌鸦攻击，用被动语态。再结合上下文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，故填are attacked。
2．考查冠词。此处表泛指，设空处填不定冠词，excellent以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．考查代词。设空处前是动词scare，空处作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格形式。故填them。
4．考查介词。 ding...阻止……做……，故填frm。
5．考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰plastic；空处在从句中作主语，先行词指物，故填which/that。
6．考查名词。several后面的可数名词用复数形式，故填mnths。
7．考查状语从句。“its name sunds pwerful”和“the Crw Buster actually deals with crws in a gentle way”为让步关系，空处引导让步状语从句，注意首字母大写。故填Althugh/Thugh。
8．考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词explain。故填clearly。
9．考查形容词。根据drives them away可知，此处指让乌鸦感觉不舒服，故填uncmfrtable。
10．考查时态。根据fr 9 years可知，时态用现在完成时，主语tl是第三人称单数，助动词用has，故填has been。
8.(2024深圳二模)
Shwing Respect fr Senirs
Dads have Father's Day. Mms have Mther's Day. Kids have Children's Day. But, d ur grandparents have a special hliday? Yes, they d!
The Duble Ninth Festival is a special day fr elderly peple in China. The festival is 1 the ninth day f the ninth mnth f the lunar calendar （阴历）. As the Chinese wrd fr nine has the same sund as the wrd fr lng, peple take the Duble Ninth Festival t shw 2 （they） wishes fr a lng life fr elderly peple.
There are many traditins fr this festival. On that day, 3 （family） get tgether and climb muntains fr luck and in the hpe that elderly peple will live much lnger. They als drink chrysanthemum wine （菊花酒） and wear a plant 4 （call） zhuyu t celebrate it. Bth chrysanthemums 5 zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean huses and cure （治愈） diseases.
Respecting elderly peple is shwn nt nly n this special day but als in daily life. Fr example, when an lder persn enters 6 rm, everyne stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the hst usually intrduces them frm the 7 （ld） t the yungest. When a yunger persn is presenting smething t an lder persn, tw hands 8 （use）. On a crwded subway train r bus, yunger peple always ffer their seats t elderly peple.
It is a 9 （traditin） virtue （美德） in China t respect elderly peple. That's because the Chinese knw that elderly peple have knwledge and experience that yung peple can learn frm. S Chinese peple are prud f 10 （be） ld. Besides, t respect the elderly peple is t respect yurself tmrrw.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——重阳节，并强调了中国人尊重老年人的传统美德。
[答案]1．n2．their3．families4．called5．and6．a7．ldest8．are used
9．traditinal10．being
[解析]
1．本题考查介词。句意：这个节日是在农历九月初九。根据“the ninth day f the ninth mnth f the lunar calendar”可知，此处是指具体的一天，应用介词n，故填n。
2．本题考查代词。句意：因为汉语中的“九”和“久”同音，所以人们用重阳节来表达他们对老年人长寿的愿望。根据“”可知，此处是指表达他们的愿望；应用人称代词they的形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰名词wishes，故填their。
3．本题考查名词。句意：在那一天，家人聚在一起爬山以求好运，并希望老年人能活得更久。根据空后“get tgether”可知，此处应用名词family“家庭”的复数形式families作主语，故填families。
4．本题考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还喝菊花酒，佩戴一种叫茱萸的植物来庆祝。分析句子结构可知，句子谓语动词为drink和wear，因此这里应用非谓语动词；“a plant”与动词call是动宾关系，因此这里应用过去分词called作后置定语修饰a plant，故填called。
5．本题考查连词。句意：菊花和茱萸都被认为是清洁的植物，可以清洁房屋和治疗疾病。根据“Bth ”可知，此处考查“……与……都”，固定搭配，故填and。
6．本题考查冠词。句意：例如，当一位老人进入房间时，每个人都站起来。根据“”可知，此处是指进入一个房间，应用不定冠词表泛指，且rm是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
7．本题考查形容词最高级。句意：当餐桌上有几位客人时，主人通常会把他们从最年长的介绍到年龄最小的。结合“frm the yungest”和语境可知，此处是指从最年长的到年龄最小的；应用形容词ld的最高级ldest，故填ldest。
8．本题考查被动语态。句意：当年轻人向老年人递交东西时，要用两只手。分析句子结构可知，主语“tw hands”与动词use“使用”是被动关系，应用被动语态，且时态为一般现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态；主语为第三人称复数，be动词用are；use的过去分词为used，故填are used。
9．本题考查形容词。句意：尊敬老人是中国的传统美德。根据“”可知，此处是指一个传统美德，应用名词traditin的形容词形式traditinal“传统的”作定语，修饰名词virtue，故填traditinal。
10．本题考查动名词。句意：所以中国人以年老为荣。根据空前介词f可知，此处应用be的动名词形式being作介词的宾语，故填being。
9.(2023济南一模)
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hand washing with sap can reduce(减少) illnesses.
One f the easiest 1 (way) t stp the spread f illness is t wash yur hands. But many children haven't 2 (develp) the right habit f hand washing. Children d nt wash 3 (they) hands ften enugh r lng enugh. It's such a simple habit, but the children aren't ding it.
Issar and his friend decided 4 (slve) the prblem using a fun methd. They tried many times and created a tl called Sapen. It turned hand washing 5 a fun activity. As the name suggests, Sapen is 6 pen which is made ut f sap. The children draw n hands with the Sapen and then wash the drawing ff. The clrs will remain n the children's hands 7 they dn't spend enugh time washing them ff. It 8 (help) a teacher in the classrm a lt. After all, nt all the teachers have the time t make each child wash his hands 9 (prper).
“Children wash hands much 10 (lng) than befre nw because they like drawing n hands. Sapen des help children make a gd habit f hand washing”, said Issar.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道用肥皂洗手可以减少疾病的发生,但是许多孩子没有养成正确的洗手习惯。Issar和他的朋友为了解决这个问题创造了一种肥皂笔,有效地帮助孩子们养成良好的洗手习惯。
1.ways 考查名词的数。短语ne f 后面接可数名词复数,故填ways。
2.develped 考查现在完成时的构成。该空与前面的haven't构成现在完成时,用develp的过去分词形式,故填develped。
3.their 考查形容词性物主代词。此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词hands,故填their。
4.t slve 考查动词不定式。固定搭配decide t d sth.意为“决定做某事”,故填t slve。
5.int 考查介词。固定搭配意为“将……变成……”,故填int。
6.a 考查冠词。此处泛指一种用肥皂制成的笔,应该用不定冠词,pen以辅音音素开头,故填a。
7.if 考查状语从句的引导词。空后“他们没有花足够的时间把它们洗掉”是空前“这些颜色将会留在孩子们的手上”的条件,由此可知,设空处表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,故填if。
8.helps 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据后一句可知,本句为一般现在时,主语It为第三人称单数,谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式,故填helps。
9.prperly 考查副词。设空处修饰前面的动词短语wash his hands,所以要用副词形式,故填prperly。
10.lnger 考查形容词的比较等级。根据后面的than可知,此处应该使用比较级。前面的much也用于修饰比较级,故填lnger。前 缀
例 词
dis- 主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前
disappear消失；dislike 不喜欢；dishnest 不诚实的；disrder混乱，骚乱；disadvantage缺点；dishnrable不光彩的；disagree不同意；dissimilar不同的
im- 加在字母m, b, p之前
impssible不可能的；implite粗鲁的，无礼的
in- 常加在形容词，名词之前
incrrect不正确的；infrmal非正式的；indirect间接的；inability无能力；inaccurate不准确的
mis- 加在动词、名词前
mistake 错误；misuse 错用misunderstand误解；misjudge误判；misfrtune不幸；
un- 主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面
unhappy不愉快的；unlucky 不幸的；untrue 不真实的；unfair不公平的；unknwn未知的，陌生的；unable不会/能的；unfriendly 不友好的；unhealthy不健康的
nn- 加在形容词、名词前
nn-existence不存在；nn-essential非本质的，不重要的nn-smker 非吸烟者
ir- 放在以r开头的英语单词前面
irregular不稳固的；irresistable不可抵抗的、irreslvable不能分解的，不能解决的
de- 加在名词、形容词前
dembilize遣散，使…复员；declr 脱色，漂白
anti- 加在名词、形容词前边
anti-Japanese抗日战争；antigas防毒气的；antiscial反社会的
cunter- 加在名词、动词前
cunterattack反攻，反击；cunteract抵抗阻碍；cunterrevlutin反革命
il- 主要加在以1开头的单词的前边
illegal非法的；illiterate文盲的 没有文化的；illgical不合逻辑的
前 缀
例 词
a- 多构成表语形容词
alne单独的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的
aut- 表示“自动”
autchart自动图表；autbigraphy自传；Autnmus自治的
c- 表示“共同”
cperate合作；c-wrker同事
dwn- 表示“往下”
dwnlad下载；dwnstairs下楼
en- 表示“使……”
enjy使高兴；endanger（使）遇危险；enlarge变大；enable（使）能够
fre- 表示“前的”
frehead额头；fresee预见
inter- 表示“互相，在……之间”
internet互联网；internatinal国际的
kil- 表示“千”
kilmetre千米，公里；kilgram千克，公斤
man-表示“人，由人”
man-made人造的，人工的，合成的
mid- 表示“中间的”
midnight 午夜；mid-autumn中秋
micr- 表示“微观的，小的”
micrfilm缩微胶卷；micrphne话筒；micr-ecnmy微观经济
re- 表示“重新，再；又”
reuse再用；retell复述；rewrite重写；rebuild重建
sub- 表示“下面的；次；小”
subway地铁；subcnscius下（潜）意识；submarine潜艇
super- 表示“超级的”
superman 超人；supermarket超市；supergirl超级女孩
tele- 表示“远的，电信的（强调距离）”
telephne电话；telegraph；电报；telescpe望远镜；televisin 电视
后 缀
例 词
-(a)n 表示“某国人”
Australian澳大利亚人；Italian意大利人；Canadian加拿大人；Eurpean欧洲人
-ance, -ence表示“性质，程度”
attendance出勤率；acceptance接受；assistance帮助；dependence依靠
-ce表示“性质，程度”
difference不同之处；imprtance重要性；patience耐性；
-ese 表示“某国人”
Japanese日本人；Chinese中国人；Vietnamese越南人
-ess表示“雌性”
actress女演员；liness 母狮子
-(e)r表示“从事某事的人”
teacher教师；singer歌手；driver司机；writer作家；runner跑步者；winner胜利者
-ful 表示某容器的容量
handful一把的；muthful一口之量的；glassful一杯之量的
-hd表示关系或抽象意义
mtherhd母亲身份；childhd童年；girlhd少女时代；neighbrhd邻居
-ian表示“精通……的人”
musician音乐家
-ing表示“动作的过程，结果”
feeling感觉，触觉；感情，情绪；reading阅读，朗读；读物；building建筑；建筑物
-in,-sin,-tin,-atin,-itin，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”
actin行动；slutin解决方案；cnclusin结论；结局； expressin表达；crrectin改正，修正；prnunciatin发音；读法；invitatin邀请；decisin决定；discussin讨论
-ist表示“专业人员”
pianist 钢琴家；scientist 科学家；artist艺术家；typist打字员；vilinist小提琴家
-ment表示“性质；状态”
agreement 协议；mvement 运动；develpment发展；punishment惩罚
-ness表示“性质；状态”
happiness 幸福；business 事务；illness疾病；sadness悲痛；kindness和蔼；greatness伟大
-r表示“从事某事的人”
actr 演员；sailr 海员；visitr访问者，参观者；inventr发明家/人；创造者
-ship 表示状态、抽象概念
friendship友谊；membership会员资格；leadership领导权；relatinship关系
-th
warmth温暖；truth 真理；length 长度；yuth青年；death死亡；grwth成长
-ty 表示特性或情况
difficulty困难；safety安全；beauty美人；ability能力
-ure表示“行为，结果”
failure失败；故障；pleasure快乐；希望；娱乐；令人高兴的事
后 缀
例 词
-(e)n多用于形容词名词
后变动词“使得，变得”
widen加宽；sharpen 削 ；变尖；lsen 使松散；strengthen加强；lessen减少
-fy表示“使……化”
beautify美化；purify提纯
-ize表示“使……成为”
realize意识到；rganize组织
后 缀
例 词
-able表示“有能力的”
reasnable有道理的；eatable 能吃的；enjyable 令人愉快的
-al
natural自然的；natinal 民族的，国家的；
-an/ian表示“某国(人)的”
American美国（人）的；Australian澳大利亚（人）的；Indian印度（人）的
-ed
mved受感动的
-en 多用于表示材料的名词后“由……构成的”
wlen羊毛的；羊毛制的；glden金的；wden木制的；frighten恐吓
-ent/-ant
pleasant令人愉快的；dependent依赖的；different不同的
-ern表示“方向的”
eastern东方的；suthern南方的；nrthern北方的western西方的
-ese表示“某国人的”
Chinese中国人的；Japanese日本人的
-ful
beautiful美丽的；careful小心的；pwerful强大的；clrful多彩的
-ing
mving 感动的；encuraging 鼓舞人心的；exciting令人激动的；interesting有趣的
-(ic)al
electric/electrical 电的；histric有历史性的；ecnmical经济的；plitical政治的；scientific科学的
-ish
childish孩子气的；selfish自私的；wmanish像女人的；bkish书呆子气的
-ive
active积极的，cllective集体的 ；decisive决定性的；native本国的
-less 表示“否定”
careless 粗心的；useless 无用的；hpeless希望渺茫的；cuntless不可数的；helpless无助的
-like表示“像……的”
girllike像女孩一样的；bylike像男孩一样的；mtherlike像母亲一样的
-ly
friendly友好的；yearly每年的；mnthly每月的，weekly每周的；lvely可爱的；lively活泼的
-us
famus著名的；cntinuus连续不断的；delicius可口的
-sme
handsme英俊的，大方的；gladsme愉快的；tiresme疲惫的；lnesme孤独的
-(t)y
thirsty口渴的；nisy喧闹的；healthy健康的
-y 表示“天气”
snwy雪的；rainy下雨的；cludy多云的；dusty多尘的
后 缀
例 词
-ly主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度
angrily生气地；slwly慢慢地，beautifully美丽地；terribly可怕地
-ward(s) 主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向
twards朝……，向……；eastward向东方地；backwards向后退地；upwards向上地；westward向西地；hmeward向家去地
-wise
therwise否则；likewise同样地；clckwise顺时针方向地；
高频考点
谓语动词
1～2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致，其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题，答案最多三个单词。
非谓语动词
1～2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词，每种最多设1题。
派生词
1～3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词
0～1题。主要考查可数名词的复数，也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词类
0～1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换，以及其比较级或最高级。
代词：0～1题。一般给出人称代词的主格，要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。
高频考点
介词
0～1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词，一般不涉及短语介词。
冠词
0～1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词，一般不涉及零冠词。
从属关联词
0～2题。侧重于定语从句的引导词。此外，名词性从句、状语从句也偶有涉及。
并列连词
0～1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他
0～1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的d, des, did；构成部分倒装的d, des, did；构成一般疑问句的d, des, did)，构成强调结构的it或that，连接性副词(befre, ag, hwever, anyway ...)等。