易错点04 定语从句-备战2025年中考英语考试易错题（江苏专用）

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定语从句概念：
定语从句，也被叫做形容词性从句，它的作用是修饰句子里的名词或者代词。在功能上，它类似于一个形容词，能够对先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）进行进一步描述，从而让句子表意更加丰富、精准。
构成要素
先行词：也就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，它可以是一个简单的名词，像 “bk” “student” 等，也能是一个短语，例如 “the man in the hat”。
关系词：起到引导定语从句的作用，同时它还在从句里充当一定的句子成分。常见的关系词有 “wh” “whm” “whse” “which” “that” “when” “where” “why” 等。
示例
例句：The girl wh is wearing a red dress is my sister.（那个穿着红色连衣裙的女孩是我的姐姐 / 妹妹。）
解析：在这个句子里，“the girl” 是先行词，“wh is wearing a red dress” 是定语从句，用来对 “the girl” 进行修饰。“wh” 作为关系词，在从句中充当主语，指的是 “the girl”。
分类
限定性定语从句：对先行词起到必要的限定作用，要是去掉这个从句，句子的意思就会不完整或者发生改变。此类从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开。例如：The students wh study hard will pass the exam.（努力学习的学生将会通过考试。）
非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，就算去掉，也不会影响句子的主要意思。它和主句之间用逗号隔开。例如：My mther, wh is a teacher, lves her jb.（我的妈妈是一名老师，她热爱她的工作。）
关系词的选用
注意：关系代词that/wh/which/whm在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略
如：The cartns (that/which)I like have lts f jkes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。
The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。
1．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）Su Bingtian is a player ________ runs fastest in China at present.
A．whichB．whC．whatD．where
2．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Lts f Chinese yung peple ___________ were brn after 1995 use dr-t-dr cking t save time.
A．thatB．thseC．whichD．/
3．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）The students are reading bks ________ are full f the “red spirit” these days.
A．whB．whereC．which
4．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Tday’s China is a cuntry ________ keeps t this natinal character.
A．whatB．whC．that
5．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— Jeff, what are yu watching?
— A shrt vide abut Zhang Guimei ________ stries mve me deeply.
A．whB．whmC．whse
6．（2022·福建·模拟预测）A true friend reaches fr yur hand and tuches yur heart. I will never frget all the teachers and friends with ________ I spent fur years.
A．whB．whmC．whse
关系代词只能用that的情况
(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that
如: My father and his teacher talked a lt abut the persns and things that they culdn’t remember.
(2)当先行词是all(指物), much, anything, smething, nthing, everything, little, nne 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that.
如: Say all that yu knw/ Is there anything that I can d fr yu?
(3)当先行词有the ne, the very, the nly, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用wh).
如：That’s the nly thing that I can d nw. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) wrds that he used.
(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.
如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best nvel that I have read.
(5)当主句是wh或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.
如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
1．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nthing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．whB．thatC．whm
2．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—The Lifelng Jurney is ne f the mst tuching bks ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the bk is fantastic and I am lking frward t ________ it again.
A．that, readingB．which, t readC．that, t read
3．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）China is the first natin ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ t the far side f the mn.
A．whichB．thatC．wh
4．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I can’t frget the teachers and the university ________ I visited tw years ag. They bring me many sweet memries.
A．thatB．whichC．what
5．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考三模）This is the nly bk ________ I find useful.
A．whichB．thatC．whD．whse
6．（2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）—Wh d yu think is the girl ________ did the best in the 2021 Beijing Winter Olympics.
—Of curse, Gu Ailing.
A．whB．whseC．whmD．that
关系代词只能用which的情况
1)引导词前有介词
如：The schl campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。
(2)在非限制性定从中用which, 不用that
如：The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.(不可用that)
1．T enter a gd high schl, we shuldn’t nly study the subjects in ________ we are interested.
A．thatB．whC．which
2．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第四十七中学校考一模）It’s impssible fr anyne t take the svereignty(主权)ver Taiwan Island away frm China, ________ has been part f China since ancient times .
A．whereB．thatC．which
3．（2022秋·广东广州·九年级广州市第六十五中学校考阶段练习）Injun Je killed the dctr with a knife, ________ was put in Muff’s hand.
A．/B．whichC．whD．what
4．（2022秋·广东江门·九年级校联考期中）I really enjyed my stay in Xi’an, ________ is indeed wrth ________ secnd visit.
A．which; aB．which; theC．that; theD．that; a
定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“ne f+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the ne f/the nly ne f+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：He is the man wh / that lives next dr. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人。
He is ne f the students in his class wh have been t Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一。
1．He is the nly ne f the bys wh ________ the pian well.
A．playsB．playC．playingD．are playing
2．（2021·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—Have yu heard f the stry f Mulan?
—Of curse. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place t fight in the army.
A．whm takeB．that takeC．which takesD．wh takes
3．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The pht________ taken by my classmate last week is very nice.
A．which wereB．that isC．that wereD．which was
4．（2021·全国·九年级专题练习）Mr. Smith is ne f the freign experts wh ________ in China.
A．wrksB．is wrkingC．are wrkingD．has been wrking
5．（2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I prefer mvies _________ me smething t think abut.
A．whm giveB．wh givesC．which giveD．that gives
A组 中考真题
1．（2024•乐山）﹣I'll never frget the experiences we had in the vlunteer wrk last summer.
﹣Me t.The 3 days were meaningful and full f fun.（ ）
A．whenB．whC．that
2．（2024•遂宁）﹣What kind f mvies d yu like best？
﹣I like the mvies____make me feel happy and relaxed.（ ）
A．whatB．whichC．whD．/
3．（2024•呼和浩特）Sme peple think that success is nly fr thse with talent r thse____grw up in the right family，while thers believe that success mstly cmes dwn t hard wrk.（ ）
A．whB． whseC．whichD． whm
4．（2024•牡丹江）The "Kemusan" dance is an eye﹣catching dance perfrmance ______ is quite ppular these days.（ ）
A． whB． whichC． whse
5．（2024•长春） As a science lver，I hpe I can invent a bike ___________can fly in the sky.（ ）
A． whereB． whenC． whichD． wh
6．（2024•临夏州）A true friend is a persn_____can help yu when yu are in truble.（ ）
A．whB．whmC．whseD．which
7．（2024•西藏）Althugh my grandfather is ver 90 years ld，he still remembers the peple he met when he was yung.（ ）
A．whB．whenC．whereD．which
8．（2024•泸州）A true friend is a persn will always be there t share yur laughter and tears.（ ）
A．whatB．whichC．whD．whm
9．（2024•兴安盟）In difficult times，there are always natinal heres ______ step up and bring peple hpe.（ ）
A．whmB．whC．whichD．whse
B组 最新模拟题
1．（2025•郫都区模拟）As the ld saying ges，anyne ______ makes n mistakes makes nthing.（ ）
A． which B．whm C． that
2．（2024•射洪市校级二模）Chengdu is a big city in we can learn ancient Shu culture and enjy mdern life in.（ ）
A．whichB．whC．thatD．whm
3．（2024•凉州区三模）—What kind f bks d yu prefer？
—I prefer the nes me smething t think abut.（ ）
A．that gives B．which giveC．what give
4．（2024•尤溪县校级模拟）I really like the family pht we tk n my grandfather's 80th birthday.（ ）
A．whB．thatC．what
5．（2024•五华区校级三模）I have becme gd friends with sme f the students in my schl I met in the English speech cntest last year.（ ）
A．whichB．whereC．whmD．whse
6．（2024•南岗区校级二模） I'd like t express my thanks t everyne served the cmmunity.（ ）
A．whichB．whC．where
7．（2024•张家川县二模）—D y remember the beautiful teacher yu met n yur first day？
—Of curse.She was kind t us，saying"Hell"with a smile in the hall.（ ）
A．thatB．whseC．whichD．what
8．（2024•秦安县三模）Tu Yuyu is the first Chinese____wn the Nbel Prize in science.（ ）
A．whmB．whichC．whD．whse
9．（2024•南岗区校级模拟）Nt every child watches this vide will becme a scientist，but sme may becme interested in science.（ ）
A．whmB．whC．which
10．（2024•武威二模）Jack really likes the picture_____yu drew the day befre yesterday.（ ）
A．whmB．whC．whichD．what
11．（2024•武威二模）Behind each dr yu pen are chances t learn new things.（ ）
A．thatB．whatC．whenD．where
12．（2024•菏泽二模）Success will belng t thse never say "impssible".（ ）
A．whmB．whatC．wh
13．（2024•临洮县二模） Linda is my best friend _______ always gives me a hand when I get int truble.（ ）
A．whatB．thatC．whenD．which
14．（2024•天祝县三模）The tw bys play the pian well are my cusins.（ ）
A．whichB．whatC．whmD．wh
15．（2024•鄂伦春自治旗一模）When I have difficulty in learning English，my teacher Miss Chen always gives me sme advice can be useful.（ ）
A．thatB．whatC．whD．whse
16．（2024•凉山州模拟） I lve mvies me smething t think abut.（ ）
A．which givesB．that give
C．wh gives
17．（2024•沙湾区模拟）The museum is free fr peple has a lng histry.（ ）
A．/B．whC．which
18．（2024•黄山二模）I'll never frget my classmates in high schl used t give me a hand when I was in truble.（ ）
A．whB．whmC．whichD．what
19．（2024•肇东市模拟） The Yangtze River is the first lngest river lies in China.（ ）
A．whichB．whatC．that
20．（2024•玄武区校级模拟）It was nt until they arrived at the small village ______ they wanted t walk the dg ______ they fund the dg missing．（ ）
A．where， whenB．that， when
C．that， whereD．where， that
关系代词
指代
在定从中所作成分
例句
which
物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music which is gentle.
that
人、物
主语 宾语
Lucy likes music that is gentle.
The girl that has lng hair is his sister.
wh
人
主语 宾语
The girl wh has lng hair is his sister.
whm
人
宾语
He is the student that/wh/whm I like best.
whse
人的、物的
定语
I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.