2025年中考英语二轮复习：阅读理解（科普知识） 提升练习题（含答案解析）

这是一份2025年中考英语二轮复习：阅读理解（科普知识） 提升练习题（含答案解析），共69页。
The Great Sphinx f Giza.
Mst scientists agree the Great Sphinx f Giza（吉萨狮身人面像） was built arund 2，500 B．C．But Jhn Anthny West says that it's much lder.If he's right，"everything anybdy has learned abut ancient civilizatins（文明） wuld have t be cmpletely revised. " he tld a magazine.
West，a writer and filmmaker，first gt interested in ancient histry after studying the wrk f a French researcher.The researcher said Egyptian civilizatin culd have develped as early as 30，000 years ag，rather than 4，500 years ag，as mst experts believe.
West jined a scientist t d research tgether.Their research suggested that the Sphinx had been wrn dwn（磨损） ver the years by water，rather than by sand and wind.
Wait a minute？Water？Hw culd that be？The Sphinx is in the Sahara Desert，which has been dry fr 12，000 years!Hwever，befre that time，it was very green.If it's true that water wre dwn the Sphinx，West thinks that it must have been built centuries earlier.
Whether West is right r wrng，it's imprtant t challenge accepted ideas.That's hw science prgresses.
West gave sme advice fr kids：If yu are interested in a tpic，read everything yu can n it.D yur wn research.Dn't always believe everything yur teachers tell yu.Ask lts f questins，and find yur wn answers.
（1）What des the underlined wrd "revised" in Paragraph 1 mean？
A．Cnnected.
B．Created.
C．Changed.
D．Cntrlled.
（2）Mst scientists believed Egyptian civilizatin develped .
A．4，500 years ag
B．6，000 years ag
C．12，000 years ag
D．30，000 years ag
（3）Frm West's research，we can knw the Sphinx was wrn dwn by .
A．sand
B．water
C．wind
D．heat
（4）What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut？
A．The place where West did his research.
B．The perid when the Sphinx was built.
C．The reasn why West hlds his pinin.
D．The technlgy which was used t build the Sphinx.
（5）Which f the fllwing may the writer agree？
A．Science prgresses thrugh giving different pinins.
B．Egyptian civilizatin shuld be earlier than we thught.
C．One shuld d sme research befre giving their pinins.
D．Kids shuld ask lts f questins and believe what their teachers say.
2．（2024•盐城一模）While the start f a new schl year is always exciting，this year was even mre s fr sme students at White Clud Primary Schl．They became the wrld's first kids t be taught by an electrnic teacher．This electrnic teacher is nt a human﹣like rbt walking arund the classrm．Instead，he is a cmputer﹣created head that appears，when needed，n students cmputer r phne screens．His name is Bill．
Created by technlgy cmpany Smart Machines，Bill is able t shw human﹣like behavir．He is designed t teach a special prgram abut envirnmental﹣friendly pwer created by the sun and wind．This prgram，started in 2005，used t be taught by human teachers．
Just like human teachers，Bill is able t immediately respnd t the students' questins and pinins abut the tpic．Thanks t cmputer cameras，he is als able t see and react t students physical actins．Fr example，if a student smiles at Bill，he respnds by smiling back．This tw﹣way exchange helps get the students' attentin．Mre imprtantly，it allws the prgram develpers t imprve Bills behavir and knwledge base when needed．
The prgram has been a great success，accrding t Smart Machines spkesman Rbert Frst Frst says，"What is interesting t me is the children's reactin t Bill．He really captures their attentin．"Frst thinks kids dn't find the experience f being taught by smart machines as strange as lder peple because they have grwn up in a time f cmputers and smart phnes．
It is dubtful，hwever，that human educatrs will lse their jbs t Bill any time sn．Fr ne，his talking head's knwledge base is nt large．Mre imprtantly，even the smartest cmputer prgrams can't guess and react t all the unexpected situatins that educatrs face daily．Bills future might be as a "persnal tutr"，prviding kids with ne﹣n﹣ne help fr different subjects and tpics．
（1）What is Bill？
A．A human﹣like rbt
B．A kind f cmputer game
C．A cmputer recrding tl
D．A cmputer﹣created talking head
（2）Hw des the tw﹣way exchange help the prgram develpers？
A．It lets them crrect students' mistakes
B．It allws Bill t respnd mre quickly
C．It helps them knw hw t imprve Bill
D．It helps them study students' bdy language
（3）The underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 4 refers t ．
A．kids
B．lder peple
C．smart machines
D．prgram develpers
（4）What is Bill NOT gd at ding？
A．Attracting students' attentin
B．Understanding bdy language
C．Respnding t students' questins
D．Dealing with unexpected situatins
（5）Hw might Bill be used in the future accrding t the last paragraph？
A．T wrk as human classrm teachers
B．T encurage students' interest in cmputers
C．T give students persnal help with different subjects
D．T watch ver the behavir f the students in the classrm
3．（2024•市中区校级二模）Can plants talk？Mdern research has fund smething amazing：they d cmmunicate with each ther.
It has been knwn fr sme time that plants use chemicals t cmmunicate with each ther.This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects.The plant gives ut chemicals frm the leaves that are being eaten.This is like a warning，r a call fr help："I'm being attacked!" When anther plant gets the chemicals，it starts t give ut its wn，different chemicals.Sme f these chemicals drive insects away.Others attract the wasps （黄蜂；蜜蜂）!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants.Scientists hpe t learn mre abut this plant warning system，s that we can use it t grw mre crps.
Mre surprisingly，plants als use sund t cmmunicate.Peple can't hear these sunds，but plants are making them.Sme plants make nises with their rts.Crn and chili plants d this.Sme trees make clicking nises when there is nt enugh water.
Mst surprisingly f all，plants have an amazing system f cmmunicatin that can link nearly every plant in a frest.Scientists call this system the "wd wide web".The wd wide web is linked undergrund by fungi （霉菌）.It links the rts f different plants t each ther.It is in sme ways similar t the Internet we use.Using the wd wide web，plants can share infrmatin and even fd with each ther.Hwever，it may lead t bad effects.Plants may use it t steal fd frm each ther，r spread chemicals t attack ther plants.Perhaps ne day scientists will learn hw t create a "firewall" t help prevent these attacks within the wd wide web.
Scientists are learning mre every day abut the secret ways in which plants talk t each ther.Maybe ne day we will knw enugh abut plant cmmunicatin t be able t "talk" with them urselves.
（1）What will plants d when they are attacked by insects？
A．They will kill the insects by themselves.
B．They will cntrl the wasps t kill the insects.
C．They will send ut signals t ask fr help.
D．They will prduce chemicals as a warning r a call fr help.
（2）Hw are the wd wide web linked by fungi？
A．By making nises with their rts.
B．By cnnecting the rts f different plants t each ther.
C．By sharing fd and infrmatin with each ther.
D．By spreading chemicals t each ther.
（3）What is the writer's intentin（意图）f the last paragraph？
A．T give peple hpe fr further studies.
B．T praise scientists fr their great achievements.
C．T call n peple t prtect the plants n Earth.
D．T inspire peple t cmmunicate with plants.
（4）Which is the best title fr the passage？
A．The Secret Language f Plants
B．The Study abut the Plant Warning System
C．The Plants that Give Warnings
D．Why Scientists D Research abut Plants
4．（2024•东海县模拟）Tmates taste great.With a lt f vitamins，they are gd fr yu，t!Peple all ver the wrld enjy this amazing fruit.
Nt all tmates are red.They can be yellw，range，pink，r white.All tmates are green befre they are ready t be picked.Then the tmates turn their true clr.That's when they're ready t eat!
Tmates first grew in the Americas.The Incas grew them ver 1，000 years ag.They were intrduced t Eurpe by the Spanish in the early 16th century.The Spanish and Italians seem t have been the first Eurpeans t accept them as fd.In France，peple grew.Tmates in the garden just t enjy their beauty.Many peple there thught tmates wuld make them sick.It was years befre sme f them wuld eat tmates.
Tmates are fruits.They grw frm seeds.They wn't grw in cld weather.But with water，sunlight and warmth，tmates grw fast.They can grw in pts r in the grund.As the plant grws taller，peple may tie it t a stick.Next is the blming stage.Flwers appear.The flwers turn int fruit.Sme kinds f tmates can be picked in abut six mre weeks.Sme tmates are large.One kind f tmat can weigh as much as tw punds.
Yu can eat raw tmates.First，wash them.Then，cut them up fr salads r sandwiches.Tmates can be cked，t.They can be grilled，biled，r even fried.D yu use ketchup？It is made frm tmates.Tmates dn't have a smell.But they taste great in fds arund the wrld.Many dishes frm India use tmates.Spaghetti sauce and pizza frm Italy use them，t.Raw tmates are in Mexican salsa.
（1）Frm the passage，we knw that tmates .
A．cme in different clrs
B．grew in Eurpe first
C．can grw in all weathers
D．have a special smell
（2）The underlined phrase "sme f them" in Paragraph 3 refers t .
A．sme peple in Inca
B．sme peple in Italy
C．sme peple in France
D．sme peple in Spain
（3）Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage？
（4）Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage？
A．Value f Tmates.
B．All abut Tmates.
C．Incas and Tmates.
D．Grwing Great Tmates.
5．（2024•中江县三模）In the future，peple may travel t Mars（火星）by water﹣pwered spaceship!Tday's spaceships are fine fr getting things int space，but they are nt s gd at travelling lng distances.These spaceships burn chemical fuels（燃料）and they are very expensive.Scientists say that a water﹣pwered spaceship culd make the trip t Mars much cheaper.The idea is just in the planning stages nw，but scientists think such a spaceship culd be develped sn.
The key t the water﹣pwered spaceship is the engine（发动机）.Regular engines push spaceships by burning fuel.The water engine will use steam，created by slar panels（太阳能板）that heat water t a high temperature.Of curse，the spaceship will have t carry a lt f water fr the lng trip t Mars.
Tday's spaceships culd nt carry that much water. But scientists think that a spaceship blwn up like a balln will be able t.
One US cmpany has already develped a spaceship like this.These spaceships are made f a strng material.Tw f them have already been sent up int space，using rckets and then later filled with air. "Balln" spaceships culd be very large and carry enugh water fr a lng trip.With the "Balln"spaceships，enugh water culd be carried t pwer the engines and grw fd during the trip.And the peple n the spaceship might even get t take a ht bath!
Scientists say the biggest advantage f such a spaceship wuld be cst.The "Balln"spaces hip uses water t push it thrugh space and csts abut ne thirtieth f a nrmal spaceship.Such savings naturally encurage cntinued research int balln spaceships and water engines.If these scientists are crrect，we may sn be n ur way t Mars in a spaceship pwered by water.
（1）Which sentence best describes the main idea f the passage abve？
A．The key t the water﹣pwered spaceship is the engine.
B．In the future，peple may travel t Mars by water﹣pwered spaceship.
C．One US cmpany has already develped a spaceship like this.
D．Scientists say the biggest advantage f such a spaceship wuld be cst.
（2）What d yu think is mitted（省略）at the end f the underlined sentence？
A．use steam
B．push spaceships
C．heat water
D．carry that much water
（3）Besides grwing fd，what else might astrnauts d with the rest f the water？
A．Take a ht bath.
B．Freeze dangerus things.
C．Blw up a balln.
D．Change the surface f Mars.
（4）On which website can we prbably read this passage？
A．
B．
C．
D．
6．（2024•洪洞县二模）Only humans speak using wrds．But all kinds in the animal wrld can cmmunicate in ne way r anther．Maybe yu have heard abut the way bees dance arund t send messages t each ther and the way dgs bark in different ways t give warnings，t be friendly r t be playful．But did yu knw abut infrasnic cmmunicatin used by elephants？This is hw it wrks：
Humans hear lw sunds like thunder rumbling in the sky．But we dn't hear sunds lwer than this．Hwever，animals such as elephants and hipps can hear much lwer sunds than humans can．And what's mre，they can make thse lw sunds as well，and they use them t cmmunicate with each ther．This is knwn as infrasund．
The amazing thing abut infrasund is that it travels ver several kilmeters．Higher﹣level sunds like the ne peple can hear，dn't travel well thrugh walls，leaves，trees and s n，which is why we can't hear sunds frm mre than 100 meters away．But infrasund is much strnger and things like grass and trees have n influence n it．Therefre，it can travel much further．Elephants can hear infrasnic calls frm fur kilmeters away!
There have been reprts f peple watching grups f elephants feeding r resting and then the elephants suddenly all stpped what they were ding fr n reasn at all．They bviusly heard a warning call frm a lng way away，but the peple didn't hear a sund．In places like a z r wildlife park where yu can get nearer t animals，it is a bit easier t sense when infrasnic sunds are made．When yu stand near mther elephants with their babies in a z，yu may ntice a slight rumbling in the air every few minutes﹣nt lud r strng，but clearly nticed．This is infrasnic cmmunicatin﹣the mther elephants "talking" t their babies．
（1）Why des the writer mentin bees and dgs in Paragraph1？
A．Because they use infrasnic cmmunicatin．
B．Because they cmmunicate like the elephants．
C．Because they are examples f animal cmmunicatin．
D．Because peple want t learn hw they cmmunicate．
（2）Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut 'infrasund'？
A．Humans can hear infrasund easily．
B．It travels nearly several kilmeters．
C．It sunds lw but can't travel very far．
D．It travels well thrugh walls，leaves and s n．
（3）In places like zs， ．
A．elephants dn't need t make infrasnic sunds
B．it is easier fr elephants t make infrasnic sunds
C．mther elephants dn't let peple stand near their babies
D．humans can easily sense infrasnic sunds when they are made
（4）Which wuld be the best title fr the passage？
A．Talking t humans
B．Talking t animals
C．Playing with humans
D．Playing with elephants
7．（2024•福田区三模）Cmputers，smart phnes and ther machines are the perfect servants because they always d what they are"tld".We usually"tell"them t d things by using a muse r keybard.But what if we culd just talk t them nrmally and tell them What t d？
This type f technlgy knwn as vice cntrl r vice recgnitin（识别）has been shwn in films and TV shws since the 1960s.The TV shw Slar Trek shwed sme spaceships which culd reply t human vice cmmands.The film 2001：A Space Odyssey shwed a cmputer that human astrnauts can talk t.It was mainly used t play chess and repair astrnauts' spaceship.
On the ther hand，the real﹣wrld vice recgnitin is used fr mre everyday tasks.Fr example，Apple and Amazn made tw pieces f vice recgnitin sftware（软件）.They can be asked t d many things，such as setting alarms，playing music and s n.
One f the nice things abut vice recgnitin is that it can be used when we are n the g.When yu are driving a car r walking dwn the street，it's nt cnvenient r even dangerus t pick up yur smartphne r type away n the keybard.Vice recgnitin allws yu t fcus n whatever yu are ding at the mment while still ding ther tasks.
Speech recgnitin sftware is als helpful t deaf peple.It can be used t listen t spken wrds and turn them int text that deaf peple can read.Sme speech recgnitin sftware can even hear wrds spken in ne language and then translate （翻译）them int anther language.
（1）We usually cntrl machines in daily life.
A．by using bdy language.
B．by talking t them.
C．by using a muse r keybard.
D．by cnnecting them t the electricity
（2）Hw des vice recgnitin help t keep yu safe while driving a car？
A．It helps yu t fcus n what yu are ding.
B．It allws yu t type n the keybard mre cnveniently.
C．It can cntrl yur car fr a shrt while.
D．It can help yu t receive phne calls safely.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "cnvenient" mean in Chinese？
A．快速的
B．方便的
C．积极的
D．敏感的
（4）In the last paragraph，we can infer（推断）abut the speech recgnitin sftware .
A．can hear wrds spken in English and then translate them int Chinese
B．can turn text int spken wrds fr the blind
C．can help yu d anything that yu want t d
D．can help imitate thers' vices
（5）What is the best title fr this passage？
A．Cmputers Can Talk t Human
B．Vice Recgnitin：A Helpful Friend f the Deaf
C．Cmputers Can Help Astrnauts
D．Vice Recgnitin：A Helpful Friend f Human Life
8．（2024•定结县一模）Sme Fun and Interesting Facts
◆ D yu think what clr ranges are？The cmmn answer t this questin is "Orange".Hwever，the first ranges frm Sutheast Asia were actually green.Up t nw，ranges in warmer areas like Vienam and Tailand still stay green when they are fully grwn.
◆ There was a man named Jhn Chapman wh planted thusands f apple trees.But the apples n thse trees were much mre bitter（苦的） than the nes yu'd find in the supermarket tday.Jhn didn't expect apples t be eaten whle，but rather made hard apple cider（苹果酒）.
◆Like mst fur﹣legged animals，cats have five tes n the frnt paws，but their back paws nly have fur tes.Scientists think they fur﹣te back paws might help them run faster.D yu knw any ther fun fact abut cats？
◆Walt Disney might have been the first t put glves n his characters，as the star Mickey Muse in 1929's The Opry Huse（《奥普里之屋》）.Besides being easier t interest，there's anther reasn why Disney did s："We didn't want him t have muse hands because he was suppsed t be mre human."Disney nce said.
（1）What des the underlined wrd "they" refer t？
A．Warmer areas.
B．Oranges in warmer areas.
C．The first ranges.
D．Peple frm Vietnam and Thailand.
（2）Jhn expected his apples t be .
A．knwn by mre peple
B．sld in the supermarket
C．eaten nly by himself
D．made int hard apple cider
（3）Hw many tes des a nrmal cat have in ttal？
A．Furteen.
B．Sixteen.
C．Eighteen.
D．Twenty.
（4）Disney put glves n Mickey Muse in rder t .
A．make him lk mre human
B．prtect his hands
C．help him t run faster
D．make him feel mre cmfrtable
（5）Which is NOT a fact accrding t the infrmatin abve？
A．The first ranges weren't range.
B．Jhn's apples weren't sweet enugh.
C．Walt Disney put glves n his characters t interest peple.
D．Cats have fewer tes n their frnt paws than then nes n their back paws.
9．（2023•海南模拟）Chemical reactins（反应） make fr sme great experiments.Yu can make use f the CO2 （carbn dixide） given ff by a baking sda（小苏打）and vinegar reactin t blw up yur balln!
What yu'll need
★ Balln
★ Abut 40 ml f water
★ Sft drink bttle
★ Vinegar
★ A teaspn f baking sda
Instructins
★ Befre yu begin，make sure that yu pull the balln lng t make it as easy as pssible t blw up.
★ Put the 40 ml f water int the sft drink bttle.
★ Add the baking sda and mix it with water.
★ Put the vinegar in and quickly put the balln ver the muth f the bttle.
What's happening？
If all ges well，then yur balln shuld inflate !Adding the vinegar t the baking sda creates a chemical reactin.The baking sda is a base，while the vinegar is an acid.When the tw cmbine（结合），they create CO2.The gas rises up and escapes thrugh the sft drink bttle.Hwever，it desn't escape the balln，pushing it utwards and blwing it up.
（1）What des a baking sda and vinegar reactin give ff？
A．O2
B．O3
C．CO2
D．H2O
（2）What shuld yu d befre yu begin？
A．Heat the water.
B．Drink sme juice.
C．Blw up the balln.
D．Pull the balln lng.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "inflate" mean in Chinese？
A．涨价.
B．膨胀.
C．吹捧.
D．抬高.
（4）What can be used instead f vinegar？
A．Milk.
B．Water.
C．Tea.
D．Lemn juice.
（5）The text is abut .
A．an experiment
B．a game
C．a film
D．a bk
10．（2023•姑苏区校级二模）
（1）Hw many steps can we take t make secret cmmunicatin？
A．Tw.
B．Three.
C．Fur.
D．Five.
（2）T make wrds appear，the paper must be .
A．put int water
B．written with a dry swab
C．heated by a lamp
D．held far away frm lamps
（3）Which part f a magazine is the passage prbably frm？
A．Healthy Fd.
B．Clse t Nature.
C．Energy Saving.
D．Science in Daily Life.
11．（2023•建昌县二模）There is nthing as enjyable as having a day ut in the fresh air and sunshine，but if yu're nt careful，yu may get sunburned.Yu might be surprised t learn that nt nly humans get sunburned.This is a prblem fr sme animals，t.
Animals withut much hair such as elephants and pigs are mst likely t get sunburned.Luckily，many f these animals have their wn ways t prtect their skin.
Pigs，fr example，like t rll in the mud （在泥里打滚）.This isn't a dirty habit.In fact，the cating f mud keeps them cl in ht weather and prtects their skin.Similarly，elephants thrw sand n their backs and heads fr use as a kind f natural sunblck （防晒霜）.
Land animals aren't alne in having truble with sunburn.Whales als face this prblem.It's a gd thing that blue whales' cells （细胞） can repair skin damage （皮肤损伤），s they dn't ften get skin illness.
______ Pets withut fur （绒毛） r thse with white fur may als get sunburned.S yu shuld prtect yur pet utdrs.Yu can buy sunblck at many pet stres r pet clthing n yur pet fr utdr play.
（1）Elephants and pigs are mst likely t get sunburned because they dn't have much .
A．skin
B．hair
C．bld
D．sand
（2）Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage？
A．Pigs dn't like t rll in the mud.
B．Blue whales' cells can't repair skin damage.
C．Elephants use sand as a kind f natural sunblck.
D．Peple may be scared t learn animals als get sunburned.
（3）Which f the fllwing can be put in " " in the last paragraph？
A．Land animals dn't need t wrry abut sunburn.
B．Only wild animals need prtectin frm the sun.
C．All kinds f wild animals need prtectin frm the sun.
D．It isn't just wild animals that need prtectin frm the sun.
（4） ways are mentined in the passage t prtect yur pets frm the sun utdrs.
A．Tw
B．Three
C．Fur
D．Five
（5）The best title f the passage may be .
A．Humans get sunburned
B．Sme animals get sunburned
C．Few land animals need prtectin
D．Sea animals have n truble with sunburn
12．（2023•东洲区模拟）Plants and animals are largely made f water.S are humans.They need t keep enugh water inside them，r they culd die.
We get sme f the water we need by eating fd that has water in it.Drinks，such as milk and tea，are mstly water，t.A persn needs water every day.If we g withut water fr three r fur days，we will lse t much water frm ur bdies.In very ht weather，we culd lse this water in just ne day.
What des water d t help ur bdies？Water helps t take the nutritin （营养）frm fd t ur bdies.It als helps t take the wastes away frm different parts f ur bdies.
In ur hmes，we als need water fr many things.We need water fr cking，washing and flushing （冲水） the tilet.Abut three﹣quarters f the water is used in the bathrm and tilet.The rest is mainly used in the laundry （洗衣房） and kitchen.
______ It may cme frm a lake r a river.It may cme frm the sea，frm the rain and snw r frm the undergrund.Water rises frm rivers and seas t make cluds，and then falls again as rain and snw.The water yu drink has been arund fr millins f years.It just keeps being recycled.
Many peple wrk hard t make sure we always have clean water in ur hmes.Water is very imprtant fr all living things，s we shuld use it carefully.
（1）Living things culd withut enugh water inside them.
A．grw
B．die
C．live
D．develp
（2）A persn can get water that he needs by .
A．taking wastes away
B．lsing water quickly
C．changing water slwly
D．eating and drinking
（3）Water can take away frm ur bdies.
A．nutritin
B．fd
C．wastes
D．drinks
（4）A quarter f the water is mstly used in the and the laundry.
A．kitchen
B．living rm
C．tilet
D．bedrm
（5）Which f the fllwing can be put in "_______"in the fifth paragraph？
A．Hw d we save water？
B．What d we use water fr？
C．Where des water cme frm？
D．Where d we wash ur clthes？
13．（2023•大渡口区模拟）①Recently，I have finished fur space tasks.I stayed in space fr mre than 43 days，and cmplete six spacewalks fr 43 hurs and 13 minutes，s I have a lt f experience there.Tday，I want t share sme infrmatin unusual：what it's like t eat in space.
②Peple ften ask me if Tang﹣ ﹣a kind f range drink mix﹣﹣is still taken in space.Dn't laugh，but we still drink it.Tday's space fds lk like fds we're used t eating every day.Fds，like nuts （坚果） r brwnies （布朗尼蛋糕），can be taken n bard as much as pssible.But things like macarni （通心面） r ndles wuld be specially prepared，then kept and packaged （打包） t stp them ging everywhere .It's a difficult but necessary prcess.Hwever，fd n a space task can be quite rich and varius，can't it？
③The micrgravity （微重力） n the space statin changes things in sme ways.Fr ne thing，there is n"up" r "dwn" in space.It als changes hw things taste.On Earth，mst f yur bld is usually belw yur heart.In space，yu're weightless，s the sharing f bld in yur bdy changes.One result is lwering yur sense f taste，at least at first.This happened t me n ne task.When I tk sugar candy，I wasn't able t taste it until the ninth day.
④Fd can be a real happiness in space.Fr us，eating is mre than just getting pwer and energy.Familiar fds and tastes can remind us f hme and keep us feeling that we still keep in tuch with Earth.
（1）What is the passage abut？
A．Life in space.
B．Eating in space.
C．Exercise in space.
D．Sleeping in space.
（2）Wh might the writer be？
A．A teacher.
B．A scientist.
C．An astrnaut.
D．A plice artist.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "varius" mean in the secnd paragraph？
A．Be f much mney.
B．Be f similar taste.
C．Be f the same clr.
D．Be f different kinds.
（4）Hw is the passage rganized？
A．
B．
C．
D．
14．（2023•定远县校级一模）D yu still remember the lecture frm China's Tiangng space statin last year？On March 23，astrnauts Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfei gave anther ne!What fun things did they d this time？
A bridge f water
Hw d yu build a "bridge" with water？It's hard t d it n Earth.But in the space statin，with little gravity （重力），it's quite easy!
In the lecture，Wang Yaping first made tw water balls n tw plates，then let them tuch each ther.Next，Wang pulled the tw plates apart，and the water between them didn't break.It became a "bridge"!This is because the surface tensin （表面张力） f water is nt disturbed （干扰） by gravity in space.The surface tensin keeps the "skin" f the water strng s that the bridge desn't break.
Separate water and il
If we mix il and water in a bttle n Earth，they will quickly separate because they have different densities （密度）.Gravity brings the water dwn while the il stays n tp.Hwever，if yu d this in the space statin，with n gravity，the il and the water will stay tgether.
Hw can we separate them，then？In the lecture，Ye Guangfu rtated （旋转） the bttle t create centrifugal frce （离心力）.With this man﹣made gravity，the heavier water is pushed t the furthest pint，which brings the lighter il clser t the center.
（1）Hw many steps did Wang d t make a bridge f water？
A．One.
B．Tw.
C．Three.
D．Fur.
（2）Why will il and water quickly separate n Earth？
A．Because f thin air n Earth.
B．Because f n gravity n Earth.
C．Because f strng peple n Earth.
D．Because f different densities and gravity.
（3）What did Ye d t separate il and water？
A．He rtated the bttle.
B．He pushed il t the center.
C．He created different densities.
D．He threw water t the furthest pint.
15．（2023•新疆模拟）Nw satellites（卫星） are helping t frecast（预报） the weather．They are in space，and they can reach any part f the wrld．The satellites take pictures f the atmsphere（大气），because this is where the weather frms（形成）．They send these pictures t the weather statins．S meterlgists（气象学家） can see the weather f any part f the wrld．Frm the pictures，the scientists can ften say hw the weather will change．
Tday，nearly five hundred weather statins in sixty cuntries receive satellite pictures．When they receive new pictures，the meterlgists cmpare them with the earlier nes．Perhaps they may find that the cluds have changed during the last few hurs．This may mean that the weather n the grund may sn change，t．In their next weather frecast，the meterlgists can say this．
S the weather satellites are a great help t the meterlgists．Befre satellites were invented，the scientists culd frecast the weather fr abut 24 r 48 hurs．Nw they can make gd frecasts fr three r five days．Sn，perhaps，they may be able t frecast the weather fr a week r mre ahead（提前）．
根据材料内容选择最佳答案
（1）Satellites travel ．
A．in space
B．abve space
C．abve the grund
D．in the atmsphere
（2）Why d we use the weather satellites t take pictures f the atmsphere？Because ．
A．cluds frm there
B．the weather frms there
C．the weather satellites can d it easily
D．the pictures can frecast the weather
（3）Meterlgists frecast the weather ．
A．withut studying satellite pictures
B．befre they receive satellite pictures
C．when they have received satellite pictures
D．after they have cmpared the new satellite pictures with the earlier nes
（4）Maybe we'll sn be able t frecast the weather fr ．
A．ne day
B．tw days
C．five days
D．seven days r even lnger
（5）The main idea f this passage is that satellites are nw used in ．
A．taking pictures f the earth
B．receiving pictures f the atmsphere
C．weather frecasting
D．ding ther wrk in many ways
16．（2023•樊城区校级二模）Quickly check yurself at hme fr the presence f the COVID﹣19 （SARS CV2）antigen.Test results will cme in nly 15 minutes.
Hw t use
（1）The pictures abve are .
A．a news reprt
B．a ntice
C．an instructin
D．a cmic strip
（2）Hw lng des it take peple t knw the result f the test？
A．Several secnds.
B．Abut 15 minutes.
C．At least an hur.
D．Over half a day.
（3）Which picture belw says that yu shuld test again？
A．
B．
C．
D．
17．（2023•泗水县三模）What will astrnauts（宇航员）eat when a space trip takes years？
"Lts f fresh vegetables，" says Dr.Janet Williams，whse team have spent the last 10 years learning hw t grw plants in a space statin.And it's a gd thing that she has already started her wrk，because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual，astrnaut Gerge White lked int the clsed plant rm.He had planted Dr.Williams's quick﹣grwing seedlings（幼苗） in it，but nne f the stems（茎）were shwing.He pened the rm t check and fund the prblem.The stems weren't grwing upward and the rts weren't grwing dwnward.On Earth，gravity（重力）helps a plant's stems and rts t find "up" and "dwn".Hwever，in the space statin，there was almst n gravity.
Dr.Williams suggested a slutin：give the plants mre light，as plants als use sunlight t find their way.And it wrked.When the plants had mre light，the stems turned up and the rts went dwn.
Nw Dr.Williams was free t wrry abut the next prblem：Wuld her baby plants live t flwer？Can we grw fd n a space jurney？
Many plants died in the space thught she knew why：the space plants were hungry fr air.Plants live by taking up CO2 frm the air.Since a plant uses it up in the air arund，the plant needs mving air t bring mre CO2 clse t its surface!On Earth，the air is always mving.Gravity pulls dwn cld air，and warm air rises.And with these air mvements，plants get enugh CO2.
Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used clsed tried a new greenhuse that had a fan t keep the air mve.The plants lved it.They flwered and even prduced mre seeds.Using Dr.Wiliams's methd，astrnaut Gerge cmpleted the fist seed﹣t﹣seed experiment in space，and mved ne plant clser t a garden in space. "And this，" says Dr.Williams， "is gd news fr lng﹣term space travel."
（1）Why have Dr.Williams's team tried t grw plants in space？
A．T prduce fresh air fr astrnauts.
B．T help astrnauts relax themselves.
C．T prvide fd fr lng space jurneys.
D．T make the space garden mre beautiful.
（2）Hw did light help slve the prblem mentined in Paragraph 3？
A．It caused the gravity t change.
B．It encuraged the plants t grw faster and faster.
C．It helped the plants t grw in the right directin.
D．It shwed the astrnauts where t plant vegetables.
（3）Why did many plants die in the space statin？
A．The light was t strng.
B．There was t much CO2.
C．There was nt enugh rm t grw.
D．The air cnditin was nt gd enugh.
（4）The underlined wrd "it" in Paragraph 7 refers t（指）
A．the mving air
B．the clsed rm
C．the space jurney
D．the space garden
18．（2023•安徽模拟）Smartphnes，Pr Sight
Lk arund and yu'll see peple busy n their smartphnes.Smartphnes d make ur lives easier.But have yu ever thught abut what they mean t yur eyes？
Accrding t a study，half f British peple wn smartphnes and they spend an average f tw hurs a day using them.There has been a 35% increase in the number f peple in the UK wh suffer frm shrt﹣sightedness（近视）since smartphnes were intrduced there in 1997.
Staring（盯）at smartphnes screen fr lng time gives yu dry eyes.When lking at smething in the distance，yur eyes autmatically blink（自动眨眼）a certain number f times.Hwever，when yu lk at things clser t yur face，the blinking slws dwn.This reduces the amunt f tears and causes discmfrt in yur eyes.Anther bad habit is using smartphnes in dark rms befre ging t sleep.If yu lk at a bright screen while yur pupils（瞳孔）becme larger，t much light enters yur eyes.This can d harm t the eyes and cause a disease called glaucma（青光眼）.
While yu're prbably nt ging t stp using yur smartphne，there are a few things yu can d t prtect yur eyes.Hld yur phne at least 30 centimeters away frm yur eyes when using it.Take a break every hur and try the fllwing：lk at smething at least five meters frm yu and then fcus n the tip f yur nse.Repeat this several times.It shuld reduce the discmfrt in yur eyes.
（1）Accrding t Paragraph 3，using smartphnes imprperly may cause .
A．t many blinks
B．dry eyes and glaucma
C．smaller pupils
D．mre tears in the eyes
（2）The fllwing things can help yu prtect yur eyes EXCEPT .
A．hld yur phne at least 30 centimeters away
B．lk at smething at least five meters frm yu and then fcus n the tip f yur nse
C．take a break every hur
D．sleep fr at least 8 hurs a day
（3）This article is written t advise peple .
A．nt t buy smartphnes
B．t stp using smartphnes
C．t spend much time n smartphnes
D．t use smartphnes prperly
19．（2023•鼓楼区模拟）Squirrels （松鼠） are getting ready fr winter．They are lking fr nuts and seeds，digging hles in the grund r finding hles in trees．That's where they stre the fd they will need during the cming mnths，when the weather is cld and smetimes snwy．Squirrels spend a lt f time in trees，which are like restaurants fr them．Amng their favrite things t eat are nuts and ther parts f trees，like tender buds （花苞）．Squirrels may als eat crn，insects and ther animals．And，as anyne wh has a bird knws，squirrels lve bird fd!
Squirrels stay active all winter，s they need plenty f fd t help keep up their energy．Squirrels tend t buryfd undergrund，piece by piece．Sme squirrels may gather fd int piles that they put at the base f trees r bury undergrund．When they need the fd，squirrels use their memries and sense f smell t help them find what they buried．Smetimes，yu'll even see them digging thrugh the snw．
Squirrels make nests in trees．Sme squirrels spend much f the winter in undergrund tunnels （地道），where it is warmer．When spring cmes，squirrels change their eating habits t new plant grwth，like buds and leaves．Smetimes they frget t dig up all their buried nut s．That's why yu'll smetimes find a little tree grwing in a place where neither yu nr yur family planted it．It must have been the squirrels．
（1）T get ready fr winter，squirrels d all f the fllwing EXCEPT ．
A．stre leaves t keep warm
B．lk fr nuts and seeds
C．find hles in trees
D．dig hles in the grund
（2）Why d squirrels spend a lt f time in trees？
A．Because they can keep warm in trees．
B．Because they can find bird fd there．
C．Because their favrite fd is there．
D．Because they can find insects there．
（3）The underlined part"tend t bury"in Paragraph 2 means ．
A．never bury
B．seldm bury
C．usually bury
D．hardly bury
（4）Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage？
A．Squirrels d nt eat any ther animals．
B．Squirrels sleep all the time during winter．
C．Squirrels plant yung trees when spring cmes．
D．Squirrels smetimes fail t find all the buried nuts．
（5）The passage is mainly abut ．
A．what squirrels are like
B．hw squirrels spend winter
C．where squirrels bury fd
D．why squirrels stre fd fr winter．
20．（2023•北京模拟）
Can Training Yur Wrking Memry Make Yu Smarter？
We wuld all like t increase ur cgnitive （认知的） ability beynd the limits set by Mther Nature.S it's n wnder that brain﹣training prgrams — which fcus n training ur wrking memry — are a multibillin﹣dllar industry.But can this kind f training really make us smarter？
Cgnitive training sees the brain as a kind f muscle （肌肉） that can be made strnger with the right kind f practice.Althugh peple did much research，there has been n agreement abut its effectiveness.Sme think that cgnitive training increases sme cgnitive abilities，while thers less hpeful.
Yet we d knw that sme cgnitive skills prbably g tgether and are predictrs f real﹣life skills such as wrk perfrmance.Thus，training ne cgnitive skill might lead t an imprvement in many ther cgnitive and nn﹣cgnitive skills.That is the key hypthesis （假设） n which wrking﹣memry training is based.
T test this hypthesis，we examined all the studies abut wrking﹣memry training.The results were very clear.Wrking﹣memry training did nt shw any effect n children's fluid intelligence （流体智力），a persn's ability t slve new prblems and get used t new situatins.It didn't influence their educatinal achievement r ther cgnitive abilities，either.The nly dependable effect was that children gt better at what they were trained t d.S perfrming wrking memry tasks des seem t make yu better at ding them.Hwever，the fact that participants （参与者） gt better at such tasks des nt necessarily mean that their wrking memry ability increased.They may just have learnt hw t perfrm that type f task.
The results d shw that the use f wrking﹣memry training prgrams as an educatinal tl is useless.Beynd wrking﹣memry training，ther recent studies have shwn the limitatins f different types f cgnitive training.
Hwever，these negative （负面的） results must nt discurage us frm training ur cgnitive and nn﹣cgnitive skills.We just have t realize the actual limitatins f such practice in areas utside what we are actually training.But that desn't mean we shuldn't d it — the mst efficient way t develp a skill is，after all，t train that skill.
（1）Accrding t the passage，cgnitive training prbably .
A．benefit the training cmpanies
B．balance the learning skills
C．make us strnger thrugh practice
D．help the children get gd results
（2）Children taking part in the experiments were able t .
A．be familiar with new situatins quickly
B．get greater educatinal achievements
C．succeed when they slve real life prblems
D．d better in the field that they were trained in
（3）What is the writer's pinin n the cgnitive training？
A．The cgnitive training is a useful experiment.
B．The cgnitive training can't make us smarter.
C．The cgnitive training challenge the children's skills.
D．The experiment is helpful t children's cgnitive skills.
参考答案与试题解析
一．阅读理解（共20小题）
1．（2024•凉州区三模）
The Great Sphinx f Giza.
Mst scientists agree the Great Sphinx f Giza（吉萨狮身人面像） was built arund 2，500 B．C．But Jhn Anthny West says that it's much lder.If he's right，"everything anybdy has learned abut ancient civilizatins（文明） wuld have t be cmpletely revised. " he tld a magazine.
West，a writer and filmmaker，first gt interested in ancient histry after studying the wrk f a French researcher.The researcher said Egyptian civilizatin culd have develped as early as 30，000 years ag，rather than 4，500 years ag，as mst experts believe.
West jined a scientist t d research tgether.Their research suggested that the Sphinx had been wrn dwn（磨损） ver the years by water，rather than by sand and wind.
Wait a minute？Water？Hw culd that be？The Sphinx is in the Sahara Desert，which has been dry fr 12，000 years!Hwever，befre that time，it was very green.If it's true that water wre dwn the Sphinx，West thinks that it must have been built centuries earlier.
Whether West is right r wrng，it's imprtant t challenge accepted ideas.That's hw science prgresses.
West gave sme advice fr kids：If yu are interested in a tpic，read everything yu can n it.D yur wn research.Dn't always believe everything yur teachers tell yu.Ask lts f questins，and find yur wn answers.
（1）What des the underlined wrd "revised" in Paragraph 1 mean？ C
A．Cnnected.
B．Created.
C．Changed.
D．Cntrlled.
（2）Mst scientists believed Egyptian civilizatin develped A .
A．4，500 years ag
B．6，000 years ag
C．12，000 years ag
D．30，000 years ag
（3）Frm West's research，we can knw the Sphinx was wrn dwn by B .
A．sand
B．water
C．wind
D．heat
（4）What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut？ C
A．The place where West did his research.
B．The perid when the Sphinx was built.
C．The reasn why West hlds his pinin.
D．The technlgy which was used t build the Sphinx.
（5）Which f the fllwing may the writer agree？ A
A．Science prgresses thrugh giving different pinins.
B．Egyptian civilizatin shuld be earlier than we thught.
C．One shuld d sme research befre giving their pinins.
D．Kids shuld ask lts f questins and believe what their teachers say.
【考点】科普知识；细节理解．
【答案】CABCA
【分析】这篇短文主要通过人们争论的吉萨狮身人面像建于哪一年，告诉我们，如果你对某个话题感兴趣，就做你所能做的每一件事，做你自己的研究，不要总是相信老师告诉你的一切，多问问题，找出你自己的答案。
【解答】（1）C.词句猜测题。根据上文"Mst scientists agree the Great Sphinx f Giza was built arund 2，500 Jhn Anthny West says that it's much lder" 大多数科学家都认为吉萨的狮身人面像建于公元前2500年左右，但Jhn Anthny West说，这座雕像古老的多。可知下文是说"任何人所学到的关于古代文明的知识都必须彻底修改"这里的revised的意思是"修改，改变"，相当于Changed。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文中"The researcher said Egyptian civilizatin culd have develped as early as 30，000 years ag，rather than 4，500 years ag，as mst experts believe."那个研究人员说，埃及文明可能早在3万年前就发展起来了，而不是大多数专家认为的4500年前。故选A。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据文中"West jined a scientist t d research tgether.Their research suggested that the Sphinx had been wrn dwn（磨损） ver the years by water，rather than by sand and wind."韦斯特和一位科学家一起做研究。他们的研究表明这些年狮身人面像已经磨损靠的是水，而不是沙子和风。他们的研究表明，狮身人面像多年来是被水磨损的。故选B。
（4）C.段落大意题。通读整个第四段及根据文中"The Sphinx is in the Sahara Desert，which has been dry fr 12，000 years！Hwever，befre that time，it was very green.If it's true that water wre dwn the Sphinx，West thinks that it must have been built centuries earlier." 狮身人面像在撒哈拉沙漠，那里已经干涸了12000年！然而，在那之前，它是非常绿色。如果的确，水侵蚀了狮身人面像，韦斯特认为它一定是在几个世纪前建造的。可知，韦斯特坚信自己的观点。故选C。
（5）A.理解判断题。根据文中"West gave sme advice fr kids：If yu are interested in a tpic，read everything yu can n it.D yur wn research.Dn't always believe everything yur teachers tell yu.Ask lts f questins，and find yur wn answers." 韦斯特给了孩子们一些建议：如果你对某个话题感兴趣，尽可能多地阅读它。做你自己的研究。不要总是相信老师说的话你。问问很多问题，找到你自己的答案。可知，这篇短文主要是告诉我们科学通过发表不同的意见而进步。故选A。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
2．（2024•盐城一模）While the start f a new schl year is always exciting，this year was even mre s fr sme students at White Clud Primary Schl．They became the wrld's first kids t be taught by an electrnic teacher．This electrnic teacher is nt a human﹣like rbt walking arund the classrm．Instead，he is a cmputer﹣created head that appears，when needed，n students cmputer r phne screens．His name is Bill．
Created by technlgy cmpany Smart Machines，Bill is able t shw human﹣like behavir．He is designed t teach a special prgram abut envirnmental﹣friendly pwer created by the sun and wind．This prgram，started in 2005，used t be taught by human teachers．
Just like human teachers，Bill is able t immediately respnd t the students' questins and pinins abut the tpic．Thanks t cmputer cameras，he is als able t see and react t students physical actins．Fr example，if a student smiles at Bill，he respnds by smiling back．This tw﹣way exchange helps get the students' attentin．Mre imprtantly，it allws the prgram develpers t imprve Bills behavir and knwledge base when needed．
The prgram has been a great success，accrding t Smart Machines spkesman Rbert Frst Frst says，"What is interesting t me is the children's reactin t Bill．He really captures their attentin．"Frst thinks kids dn't find the experience f being taught by smart machines as strange as lder peple because they have grwn up in a time f cmputers and smart phnes．
It is dubtful，hwever，that human educatrs will lse their jbs t Bill any time sn．Fr ne，his talking head's knwledge base is nt large．Mre imprtantly，even the smartest cmputer prgrams can't guess and react t all the unexpected situatins that educatrs face daily．Bills future might be as a "persnal tutr"，prviding kids with ne﹣n﹣ne help fr different subjects and tpics．
（1）What is Bill？ D
A．A human﹣like rbt
B．A kind f cmputer game
C．A cmputer recrding tl
D．A cmputer﹣created talking head
（2）Hw des the tw﹣way exchange help the prgram develpers？ C
A．It lets them crrect students' mistakes
B．It allws Bill t respnd mre quickly
C．It helps them knw hw t imprve Bill
D．It helps them study students' bdy language
（3）The underlined wrd "they" in Paragraph 4 refers t A ．
A．kids
B．lder peple
C．smart machines
D．prgram develpers
（4）What is Bill NOT gd at ding？ D
A．Attracting students' attentin
B．Understanding bdy language
C．Respnding t students' questins
D．Dealing with unexpected situatins
（5）Hw might Bill be used in the future accrding t the last paragraph？ C
A．T wrk as human classrm teachers
B．T encurage students' interest in cmputers
C．T give students persnal help with different subjects
D．T watch ver the behavir f the students in the classrm
【考点】科普知识；细节理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文主要介绍介绍了机器人Bill进入学校教授孩子们有关风和太阳能的特殊课程．
【解答】（1）D．细节理解题．题目问Bill是什么，根据第一段Instead，he is a cmputer﹣created head．可知它是一个电脑制作的头，故选D．
（2）C．细节理解题．题目问这两种方式的切换怎么帮助程序开发人员，根据第三段This tw﹣way exchange helps get the students' attentin．Mre imprtantly，it allws the prgram develpers t imprve Bills behavir and knwledge base when needed．可知这种方式帮助开发者提升Bill的行为和知识，即它帮助他们知道怎么提升Bill，故选C．
（3）A．词义理解题．题目意为第四段划线的单词 "they" 指的是_____，根据第四段Frst thinks kids dn't find the experience f being taught by smart machines as strange as lder peple可知孩子们并不觉得人工智能授课有什么好奇怪的，因此判断成长于计算机和智能手机时代的是孩子们，因此判断they代指本句中的kids．故选A．
（4）D．细节理解题．题目问Bill不擅长做什么，根据最后一段Mre imprtantly，even the smartest cmputer prgrams can't guess and react t all the unexpected situatins that educatrs face daily．可知它并不擅长应对所有突发状况，故选D．
（5）C．细节理解题．题目问根据最后一段未来Bill可能会怎么使用，根据最后一段 Bills future might be as a "persnal tutr"，prviding kids with ne﹣n﹣ne help fr different subjects and tpics．可知它将用于单独帮助孩子们不同的科目．故选C．
【点评】首先要通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合排除法逐一选出答案．最后再通读全文，核对答案．
3．（2024•市中区校级二模）Can plants talk？Mdern research has fund smething amazing：they d cmmunicate with each ther.
It has been knwn fr sme time that plants use chemicals t cmmunicate with each ther.This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects.The plant gives ut chemicals frm the leaves that are being eaten.This is like a warning，r a call fr help："I'm being attacked!" When anther plant gets the chemicals，it starts t give ut its wn，different chemicals.Sme f these chemicals drive insects away.Others attract the wasps （黄蜂；蜜蜂）!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants.Scientists hpe t learn mre abut this plant warning system，s that we can use it t grw mre crps.
Mre surprisingly，plants als use sund t cmmunicate.Peple can't hear these sunds，but plants are making them.Sme plants make nises with their rts.Crn and chili plants d this.Sme trees make clicking nises when there is nt enugh water.
Mst surprisingly f all，plants have an amazing system f cmmunicatin that can link nearly every plant in a frest.Scientists call this system the "wd wide web".The wd wide web is linked undergrund by fungi （霉菌）.It links the rts f different plants t each ther.It is in sme ways similar t the Internet we use.Using the wd wide web，plants can share infrmatin and even fd with each ther.Hwever，it may lead t bad effects.Plants may use it t steal fd frm each ther，r spread chemicals t attack ther plants.Perhaps ne day scientists will learn hw t create a "firewall" t help prevent these attacks within the wd wide web.
Scientists are learning mre every day abut the secret ways in which plants talk t each ther.Maybe ne day we will knw enugh abut plant cmmunicatin t be able t "talk" with them urselves.
（1）What will plants d when they are attacked by insects？ D
A．They will kill the insects by themselves.
B．They will cntrl the wasps t kill the insects.
C．They will send ut signals t ask fr help.
D．They will prduce chemicals as a warning r a call fr help.
（2）Hw are the wd wide web linked by fungi？ B
A．By making nises with their rts.
B．By cnnecting the rts f different plants t each ther.
C．By sharing fd and infrmatin with each ther.
D．By spreading chemicals t each ther.
（3）What is the writer's intentin（意图）f the last paragraph？ A
A．T give peple hpe fr further studies.
B．T praise scientists fr their great achievements.
C．T call n peple t prtect the plants n Earth.
D．T inspire peple t cmmunicate with plants.
（4）Which is the best title fr the passage？ A
A．The Secret Language f Plants
B．The Study abut the Plant Warning System
C．The Plants that Give Warnings
D．Why Scientists D Research abut Plants
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；最佳标题．
【答案】DBAA
【分析】本文是一篇科教类说明文，讲了植物是通过什么方式相互交流的。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段It has been knwn fr sme time that plants use chemicals t cmmunicate with each th erThis happens when a plant gets attacked by insets．（一段时间以来，人们已经知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。当植物受到昆虫攻击时就会发生这种情况。）可知它们会产生化学物质作为警告或求救信号。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段It links the rts f different plants t each ther．（它将不同植物的根相互连接起来。）可知通过将不同植物的根连接在一起。故选B。
（3）理解判断题。根据最后一段Maybe ne day we will knw enugh abut plant cmmunicatin t be able t " talk " with them urselves．（也许有一天，我们会对植物交流有足够的了解，能够自己和它们"交谈"。）可推知作者写最后一段是为了给人们进一步研究的希望。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段Scientists are learning mre every day abut the secret ways in which plants talk t each ther .Maybe ne day we wil knw enugh abut plant cmmunicatin t be able t " talk " with them urselves．（科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交流的秘密方式，也许有一天我们会对植物的交流有足够的了解，能够自己和它们"交流"。）所以这篇文章的最佳标题"植物的秘密语言"。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
4．（2024•东海县模拟）Tmates taste great.With a lt f vitamins，they are gd fr yu，t!Peple all ver the wrld enjy this amazing fruit.
Nt all tmates are red.They can be yellw，range，pink，r white.All tmates are green befre they are ready t be picked.Then the tmates turn their true clr.That's when they're ready t eat!
Tmates first grew in the Americas.The Incas grew them ver 1，000 years ag.They were intrduced t Eurpe by the Spanish in the early 16th century.The Spanish and Italians seem t have been the first Eurpeans t accept them as fd.In France，peple grew.Tmates in the garden just t enjy their beauty.Many peple there thught tmates wuld make them sick.It was years befre sme f them wuld eat tmates.
Tmates are fruits.They grw frm seeds.They wn't grw in cld weather.But with water，sunlight and warmth，tmates grw fast.They can grw in pts r in the grund.As the plant grws taller，peple may tie it t a stick.Next is the blming stage.Flwers appear.The flwers turn int fruit.Sme kinds f tmates can be picked in abut six mre weeks.Sme tmates are large.One kind f tmat can weigh as much as tw punds.
Yu can eat raw tmates.First，wash them.Then，cut them up fr salads r sandwiches.Tmates can be cked，t.They can be grilled，biled，r even fried.D yu use ketchup？It is made frm tmates.Tmates dn't have a smell.But they taste great in fds arund the wrld.Many dishes frm India use tmates.Spaghetti sauce and pizza frm Italy use them，t.Raw tmates are in Mexican salsa.
（1）Frm the passage，we knw that tmates A .
A．cme in different clrs
B．grew in Eurpe first
C．can grw in all weathers
D．have a special smell
（2）The underlined phrase "sme f them" in Paragraph 3 refers t C .
A．sme peple in Inca
B．sme peple in Italy
C．sme peple in France
D．sme peple in Spain
（3）Which f the fllwing best shws the structure f the passage？ C
（4）Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage？ B
A．Value f Tmates.
B．All abut Tmates.
C．Incas and Tmates.
D．Grwing Great Tmates.
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断；篇章结构．
【答案】ACCB
【分析】文章是一篇科普知识类阅读。主要讲述了西红柿的颜色、发源地、生长周期和吃法。
【解答】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段中"Nt all tmates are red.They can be yellw，range，pink，r white."可知，西红柿有不同的颜色。故选A。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段"In France，peple grew.Tmates in the garden just t enjy their beauty.Many peple there thught tmates wuld make them sick.It was years befre sme f them wuld eat tmates."可知，在法国，人们种植，在花园里种番茄，只是为了欣赏它们的美丽，那里的许多人认为西红柿会使他们生病，过了好几年，他们中的一些人才开始吃西红柿。可以推测出划线部分"其中一些人"是指法国人的一些人。故选C。
（3）C.篇章结构题。根据文章内容可知，第1段是点题段，引出文章表述的主体是西红柿；第2、3、4、5段分别讲述它的颜色、发源地、生长周期和吃法。故选C。
（4）B.最佳标题题。根据文章内容可知，主要讲述了西红柿的颜色、发源地、生长周期和吃法。故选B。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
5．（2024•中江县三模）In the future，peple may travel t Mars（火星）by water﹣pwered spaceship!Tday's spaceships are fine fr getting things int space，but they are nt s gd at travelling lng distances.These spaceships burn chemical fuels（燃料）and they are very expensive.Scientists say that a water﹣pwered spaceship culd make the trip t Mars much cheaper.The idea is just in the planning stages nw，but scientists think such a spaceship culd be develped sn.
The key t the water﹣pwered spaceship is the engine（发动机）.Regular engines push spaceships by burning fuel.The water engine will use steam，created by slar panels（太阳能板）that heat water t a high temperature.Of curse，the spaceship will have t carry a lt f water fr the lng trip t Mars.
Tday's spaceships culd nt carry that much water. But scientists think that a spaceship blwn up like a balln will be able t.
One US cmpany has already develped a spaceship like this.These spaceships are made f a strng material.Tw f them have already been sent up int space，using rckets and then later filled with air. "Balln" spaceships culd be very large and carry enugh water fr a lng trip.With the "Balln"spaceships，enugh water culd be carried t pwer the engines and grw fd during the trip.And the peple n the spaceship might even get t take a ht bath!
Scientists say the biggest advantage f such a spaceship wuld be cst.The "Balln"spaces hip uses water t push it thrugh space and csts abut ne thirtieth f a nrmal spaceship.Such savings naturally encurage cntinued research int balln spaceships and water engines.If these scientists are crrect，we may sn be n ur way t Mars in a spaceship pwered by water.
（1）Which sentence best describes the main idea f the passage abve？ B
A．The key t the water﹣pwered spaceship is the engine.
B．In the future，peple may travel t Mars by water﹣pwered spaceship.
C．One US cmpany has already develped a spaceship like this.
D．Scientists say the biggest advantage f such a spaceship wuld be cst.
（2）What d yu think is mitted（省略）at the end f the underlined sentence？ D
A．use steam
B．push spaceships
C．heat water
D．carry that much water
（3）Besides grwing fd，what else might astrnauts d with the rest f the water？ A
A．Take a ht bath.
B．Freeze dangerus things.
C．Blw up a balln.
D．Change the surface f Mars.
（4）On which website can we prbably read this passage？ D
A．
B．
C．
D．
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；主旨大意；推理判断；词句猜测．
【答案】BDAD
【分析】本文介绍了水力飞船的原理和优势。
【解答】（1）B 主旨大意题。根据In the future，peple may travel t Mars（火星）by water﹣pwered spaceship，在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，可知，本文主要介绍了在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，并介绍了这种飞船的原理和优势。故选B。
（2）D 词义猜测题。根据上一句"Tday's spaceships culd nt carry that much water."可知现在的飞船是不能携带太多的水，而新的飞船是可以的，故划线处后面省略的是"carry that much water"。故选D。
（3）A细节理解题。根据And the peple n the spaceship might even get t take a ht bath，可知，宇航员甚至可以用剩下的水来洗个热水澡。故选A。
（4）D 推理判断题。根据In the future，peple may travel t Mars（火星）by water﹣pwered spaceship，可知，本文主要讲述的是在未来，人们可能会乘坐水力飞船去火星旅行，并且下文介绍了水力飞船的原理和优势，这些是有关"宇宙飞行"的内容，所以我们可以从"宇宙飞行"的网站看到这篇文章。故选D。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真辨析选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
6．（2024•洪洞县二模）Only humans speak using wrds．But all kinds in the animal wrld can cmmunicate in ne way r anther．Maybe yu have heard abut the way bees dance arund t send messages t each ther and the way dgs bark in different ways t give warnings，t be friendly r t be playful．But did yu knw abut infrasnic cmmunicatin used by elephants？This is hw it wrks：
Humans hear lw sunds like thunder rumbling in the sky．But we dn't hear sunds lwer than this．Hwever，animals such as elephants and hipps can hear much lwer sunds than humans can．And what's mre，they can make thse lw sunds as well，and they use them t cmmunicate with each ther．This is knwn as infrasund．
The amazing thing abut infrasund is that it travels ver several kilmeters．Higher﹣level sunds like the ne peple can hear，dn't travel well thrugh walls，leaves，trees and s n，which is why we can't hear sunds frm mre than 100 meters away．But infrasund is much strnger and things like grass and trees have n influence n it．Therefre，it can travel much further．Elephants can hear infrasnic calls frm fur kilmeters away!
There have been reprts f peple watching grups f elephants feeding r resting and then the elephants suddenly all stpped what they were ding fr n reasn at all．They bviusly heard a warning call frm a lng way away，but the peple didn't hear a sund．In places like a z r wildlife park where yu can get nearer t animals，it is a bit easier t sense when infrasnic sunds are made．When yu stand near mther elephants with their babies in a z，yu may ntice a slight rumbling in the air every few minutes﹣nt lud r strng，but clearly nticed．This is infrasnic cmmunicatin﹣the mther elephants "talking" t their babies．
（1）Why des the writer mentin bees and dgs in Paragraph1？ C
A．Because they use infrasnic cmmunicatin．
B．Because they cmmunicate like the elephants．
C．Because they are examples f animal cmmunicatin．
D．Because peple want t learn hw they cmmunicate．
（2）Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut 'infrasund'？ D
A．Humans can hear infrasund easily．
B．It travels nearly several kilmeters．
C．It sunds lw but can't travel very far．
D．It travels well thrugh walls，leaves and s n．
（3）In places like zs， D ．
A．elephants dn't need t make infrasnic sunds
B．it is easier fr elephants t make infrasnic sunds
C．mther elephants dn't let peple stand near their babies
D．humans can easily sense infrasnic sunds when they are made
（4）Which wuld be the best title fr the passage？ B
A．Talking t humans
B．Talking t animals
C．Playing with humans
D．Playing with elephants
【考点】科普知识；细节理解．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文主要讲述的是动物之间的交流．他们也会各自的语言，比如够的吠叫，蜜蜂的舞蹈．但是大象有一个特殊的交流方式，那就是次声波．
【解答】（1）C，细节理解题，根据But all kinds in the animal wrld can cmmunicate in ne way r anther所有动物都能够交流，然后说了蜜蜂和狗，所以是在举例说明动物之间的交流，故选C．
（2）D，细节理解题，根据But infrasund is much strnger and things like grass and trees have n influence n it可知次声波的传播不受树叶和草地的影响，故选D．
（3）D，细节理解题，根据In places like a z r wildlife park where yu can get nearer t animals，it is a bit easier t sense when infrasnic sunds are made在动物园能够更加容易地感觉到次声波的存在，故选D．
（4）B，主旨归纳题，根据But all kinds in the animal wrld can cmmunicate in ne way r anther本文主要讲述的是动物之间的交流，特别是大象之间用次声波交流的方式，故选B．
【点评】对于阅读表达题，首先应该阅读全文，了解大象用次声波交流的方式，然后根据题目意思进行分析，确定答案．
7．（2024•福田区三模）Cmputers，smart phnes and ther machines are the perfect servants because they always d what they are"tld".We usually"tell"them t d things by using a muse r keybard.But what if we culd just talk t them nrmally and tell them What t d？
This type f technlgy knwn as vice cntrl r vice recgnitin（识别）has been shwn in films and TV shws since the 1960s.The TV shw Slar Trek shwed sme spaceships which culd reply t human vice cmmands.The film 2001：A Space Odyssey shwed a cmputer that human astrnauts can talk t.It was mainly used t play chess and repair astrnauts' spaceship.
On the ther hand，the real﹣wrld vice recgnitin is used fr mre everyday tasks.Fr example，Apple and Amazn made tw pieces f vice recgnitin sftware（软件）.They can be asked t d many things，such as setting alarms，playing music and s n.
One f the nice things abut vice recgnitin is that it can be used when we are n the g.When yu are driving a car r walking dwn the street，it's nt cnvenient r even dangerus t pick up yur smartphne r type away n the keybard.Vice recgnitin allws yu t fcus n whatever yu are ding at the mment while still ding ther tasks.
Speech recgnitin sftware is als helpful t deaf peple.It can be used t listen t spken wrds and turn them int text that deaf peple can read.Sme speech recgnitin sftware can even hear wrds spken in ne language and then translate （翻译）them int anther language.
（1）We usually cntrl machines C in daily life.
A．by using bdy language.
B．by talking t them.
C．by using a muse r keybard.
D．by cnnecting them t the electricity
（2）Hw des vice recgnitin help t keep yu safe while driving a car？ A
A．It helps yu t fcus n what yu are ding.
B．It allws yu t type n the keybard mre cnveniently.
C．It can cntrl yur car fr a shrt while.
D．It can help yu t receive phne calls safely.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "cnvenient" mean in Chinese？ B
A．快速的
B．方便的
C．积极的
D．敏感的
（4）In the last paragraph，we can infer（推断）abut the speech recgnitin sftware A .
A．can hear wrds spken in English and then translate them int Chinese
B．can turn text int spken wrds fr the blind
C．can help yu d anything that yu want t d
D．can help imitate thers' vices
（5）What is the best title fr this passage？ D
A．Cmputers Can Talk t Human
B．Vice Recgnitin：A Helpful Friend f the Deaf
C．Cmputers Can Help Astrnauts
D．Vice Recgnitin：A Helpful Friend f Human Life
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断；词句猜测；最佳标题．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了语音识别作为一种新兴技术的广泛应用。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文中第一段We usually"tell"them t d things by using a muse r keybard.我们通常通过使用鼠标或键盘"告诉"他们做事。由此可知，C项，通过鼠标或键盘，符合题意。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据文中第四段When yu are driving a car r walking dwn the street，it's nt cnvenient r even dangerus t pick up yur smartphne r type away n the keybard.Vice recgnitin allws yu t fcus n whatever yu are ding at the mment while still ding ther tasks.当您开车或走在街上时，拿起您的智能手机或在键盘上打字并不方便甚至危险。语音识别使您可以专注于当前正在做的事情，同时还可以做其他任务。由此可知，A项，它可以帮助您专注于您正在做的事情。符合题意。故选A。
（3）B.词义猜测题。根据文中第三段When yu are driving a car r walking dwn the street，it's nt cnvenient r even dangerus t pick up yur smartphne r type away n the keybard.当您开车或走在街上时，拿起您的智能手机或在键盘上打字并不cnvenient甚至危险。由此可以猜测，cnvenient是方便的意思。故选B。
（4）A.推理判断题。根据文中最后一段Sme speech recgnitin sftware can even hear wrds spken in ne language and then translate them int anther language.一些语音识别软件甚至可以听到用一种语言说出的单词，然后将它们翻译成另一种语言。由此可以推断，A项，能听到英文单词然后翻译成中文，符合题意。故选A。
（5）D.标题归纳题。根据文中第二段This type f technlgy knwn as vice cntrl r vice recgnitin has been shwn in films and TV shws since the 1960s.自1960年代以来，这种称为语音控制或语音识别的技术已在电影和电视节目中出现。结合全文内容，主要讲述了语音识别技术在人们日常生活中的作用。由此可知，本文的标题应为，D项，语音识别：人类生活中有帮助的朋友。故选D。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
8．（2024•定结县一模）Sme Fun and Interesting Facts
◆ D yu think what clr ranges are？The cmmn answer t this questin is "Orange".Hwever，the first ranges frm Sutheast Asia were actually green.Up t nw，ranges in warmer areas like Vienam and Tailand still stay green when they are fully grwn.
◆ There was a man named Jhn Chapman wh planted thusands f apple trees.But the apples n thse trees were much mre bitter（苦的） than the nes yu'd find in the supermarket tday.Jhn didn't expect apples t be eaten whle，but rather made hard apple cider（苹果酒）.
◆Like mst fur﹣legged animals，cats have five tes n the frnt paws，but their back paws nly have fur tes.Scientists think they fur﹣te back paws might help them run faster.D yu knw any ther fun fact abut cats？
◆Walt Disney might have been the first t put glves n his characters，as the star Mickey Muse in 1929's The Opry Huse（《奥普里之屋》）.Besides being easier t interest，there's anther reasn why Disney did s："We didn't want him t have muse hands because he was suppsed t be mre human."Disney nce said.
（1）What des the underlined wrd "they" refer t？ B
A．Warmer areas.
B．Oranges in warmer areas.
C．The first ranges.
D．Peple frm Vietnam and Thailand.
（2）Jhn expected his apples t be D .
A．knwn by mre peple
B．sld in the supermarket
C．eaten nly by himself
D．made int hard apple cider
（3）Hw many tes des a nrmal cat have in ttal？ C
A．Furteen.
B．Sixteen.
C．Eighteen.
D．Twenty.
（4）Disney put glves n Mickey Muse in rder t A .
A．make him lk mre human
B．prtect his hands
C．help him t run faster
D．make him feel mre cmfrtable
（5）Which is NOT a fact accrding t the infrmatin abve？ D
A．The first ranges weren't range.
B．Jhn's apples weren't sweet enugh.
C．Walt Disney put glves n his characters t interest peple.
D．Cats have fewer tes n their frnt paws than then nes n their back paws.
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断．
【答案】BDCAD
【分析】这篇文章介绍的是四个有趣的现象，其中有关橙子、苦苹果、猫以及米老鼠。
【解答】（1）B 词义推测题。根据ranges in warmer areas like Vietnam and Thailand still stay green when they are fully grwn.意为"如越南和泰国等更温暖的地方，那里的橙子在它们完全成熟的时候仍然是绿色的"，结合句意可知，这里的they代指的是前面的ranges，故选：B。
（2）D 细节理解题。根据Jhn didn't expect his apples t be eaten whle，but rather made int hard apple cider（苹果酒）.意为"约翰不期待他的苹果都能吃，而是想把它们做成苹果酒"，结合句意可知，约翰期待他的苹果做成苹果酒，故选：D。
（3）C 细节理解题。根据cats have five tes n the frnt paws（脚爪），but their back paws nly have fur tes.意为"猫的前爪各有五个脚趾，但是它们的后爪各自只有四个脚趾"，由此可见，一只猫一共有十八个脚趾，故选：C。
（4）A 细节理解题。根据We didn't want him t have muse hands because he was suppsed t be mre human，意为"我们不想要它长着老鼠的四肢，因为他应该要更像人类"，结合句意可知，让米老鼠带上手套，是为了使其不带着老鼠的四肢，继而显得更像人类，故选：A。
（5）D 推理判断题。A选项中提到，第一批橙子不是橙色的，在文中也有提及，即the first ranges frm Sutheast Asia were actually green（第一批来自东南亚的橙子实际上是绿色的。），故排除A；B选项中提及，约翰的苹果不够甜，在文中有所提及，即the apples n thse trees were much mre bitter（苦的）than the nes yu'd find in the supermarket（那些树上的苹果比超市的更苦），故排除B；C选项中提及，沃尔特.迪士尼给他的角色戴手套，是为了吸引人们的兴趣，这一点在文中有所提及，即Besides being easier t interest，there's anther reasn why Disney did s（除了更容易使人感兴趣之外，还有另一个目的），故排除C；而D选项中提及，猫前爪的脚趾比后爪的要少，这一点不符合文意，文中提到cats have five tes n the frnt paws（脚爪），but their back paws nly have fur tes.（猫的前爪各有五个脚趾，但是它们的后爪各自只有四个脚趾），故选：D。
【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。
9．（2023•海南模拟）Chemical reactins（反应） make fr sme great experiments.Yu can make use f the CO2 （carbn dixide） given ff by a baking sda（小苏打）and vinegar reactin t blw up yur balln!
What yu'll need
★ Balln
★ Abut 40 ml f water
★ Sft drink bttle
★ Vinegar
★ A teaspn f baking sda
Instructins
★ Befre yu begin，make sure that yu pull the balln lng t make it as easy as pssible t blw up.
★ Put the 40 ml f water int the sft drink bttle.
★ Add the baking sda and mix it with water.
★ Put the vinegar in and quickly put the balln ver the muth f the bttle.
What's happening？
If all ges well，then yur balln shuld inflate !Adding the vinegar t the baking sda creates a chemical reactin.The baking sda is a base，while the vinegar is an acid.When the tw cmbine（结合），they create CO2.The gas rises up and escapes thrugh the sft drink bttle.Hwever，it desn't escape the balln，pushing it utwards and blwing it up.
（1）What des a baking sda and vinegar reactin give ff？ C
A．O2
B．O3
C．CO2
D．H2O
（2）What shuld yu d befre yu begin？ D
A．Heat the water.
B．Drink sme juice.
C．Blw up the balln.
D．Pull the balln lng.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "inflate" mean in Chinese？ B
A．涨价.
B．膨胀.
C．吹捧.
D．抬高.
（4）What can be used instead f vinegar？ D
A．Milk.
B．Water.
C．Tea.
D．Lemn juice.
（5）The text is abut A .
A．an experiment
B．a game
C．a film
D．a bk
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；主旨大意；推理判断；词句猜测．
【答案】CDBDA
【分析】本文主要介绍了用小苏打和醋发生化学反应产生的气体吹起气球的试验方法。
【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据"The baking sda is a base，while the vinegar is an acid.When the tw cmbine，they create CO2.（小苏打是一种碱，而醋是一种酸。当两者结合时，就会产生二氧化碳。）"可知，小苏打和醋的反应会释放出二氧化碳。故选C。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据"根据"Befre yu begin，make sure that yu pull the balln lng t make it as easy as pssible t blw up.（在开始之前，确保你把气球拉得很长，使它尽可能容易充气。）"可知，在你开始之前，你应该先把气球拉得很长。故选D。
（3）B.词义猜测题。根据"If all ges well，then yur balln shuld inflate !Adding the vinegar t the baking sda creates a chemical reactin.The baking sda is a base，while the vinegar is an acid.When the tw cmbine，they create CO2.The gas rises up and escapes thrugh the sft drink bttle.Hwever，it desn't escape the balln，pushing it utwards and blwing it up.（如果一切顺利，那么你的气球应该______了！在小苏打中加入醋会产生化学反应。小苏打是一种碱，而醋是一种酸。当两者结合时，就会产生二氧化碳。气体上升并通过软饮料瓶逸出。然而，它并没有逸出气球，而是将气球向外撑并将其吹起。）"由此可以猜测划线单词的含义为"膨胀"。故选B。
（4）D.推理判断题。根据"The baking sda is a base，while the vinegar is an acid.When the tw cmbine，they create CO2.（小苏打是一种碱，而醋是一种酸。当两者结合时，就会产生二氧化碳。）"可知醋是酸的，和碱结合可以产生二氧化碳，结合常识及选项，可知"柠檬汁"也是酸的，因此可以用它来代替醋，故选D。
（5）A.主旨大意题。根据"Yu can make use f the CO2 （carbn dixide） given ff by a baking sda and vinegar reactin t blw up yur balln!（ 你可以利用小苏打和醋反应产生的二氧化碳来吹气球！）"以及文章内容可知，本文主要描述了一个用小苏打和醋发生化学反应产生的气体吹起气球的试验，故选A。
【点评】在仔细阅读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，认真观察选项，根据上下文仔细推敲，来确定最佳答案。
10．（2023•姑苏区校级二模）
（1）Hw many steps can we take t make secret cmmunicatin？ C
A．Tw.
B．Three.
C．Fur.
D．Five.
（2）T make wrds appear，the paper must be C .
A．put int water
B．written with a dry swab
C．heated by a lamp
D．held far away frm lamps
（3）Which part f a magazine is the passage prbably frm？ D
A．Healthy Fd.
B．Clse t Nature.
C．Energy Saving.
D．Science in Daily Life.
【考点】科普知识；应用文．
【答案】CCD
【分析】本文主要讲述了一个有关秘密交流的科学试验。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据图片中的数字1、2、3、4可知，有4个步骤；故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据图片数字4"Hld the paper t clse t an electric lamp t heat it"（将纸张靠近电灯加热。）可知，把纸放在靠近电灯的地方加热，字就会出现；故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据图片内容可知，是一个科学实验，因此可以在科学杂志上看到；故选D。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
11．（2023•建昌县二模）There is nthing as enjyable as having a day ut in the fresh air and sunshine，but if yu're nt careful，yu may get sunburned.Yu might be surprised t learn that nt nly humans get sunburned.This is a prblem fr sme animals，t.
Animals withut much hair such as elephants and pigs are mst likely t get sunburned.Luckily，many f these animals have their wn ways t prtect their skin.
Pigs，fr example，like t rll in the mud （在泥里打滚）.This isn't a dirty habit.In fact，the cating f mud keeps them cl in ht weather and prtects their skin.Similarly，elephants thrw sand n their backs and heads fr use as a kind f natural sunblck （防晒霜）.
Land animals aren't alne in having truble with sunburn.Whales als face this prblem.It's a gd thing that blue whales' cells （细胞） can repair skin damage （皮肤损伤），s they dn't ften get skin illness.
______ Pets withut fur （绒毛） r thse with white fur may als get sunburned.S yu shuld prtect yur pet utdrs.Yu can buy sunblck at many pet stres r pet clthing n yur pet fr utdr play.
（1）Elephants and pigs are mst likely t get sunburned because they dn't have much B .
A．skin
B．hair
C．bld
D．sand
（2）Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage？ C
A．Pigs dn't like t rll in the mud.
B．Blue whales' cells can't repair skin damage.
C．Elephants use sand as a kind f natural sunblck.
D．Peple may be scared t learn animals als get sunburned.
（3）Which f the fllwing can be put in " D " in the last paragraph？
A．Land animals dn't need t wrry abut sunburn.
B．Only wild animals need prtectin frm the sun.
C．All kinds f wild animals need prtectin frm the sun.
D．It isn't just wild animals that need prtectin frm the sun.
（4） A ways are mentined in the passage t prtect yur pets frm the sun utdrs.
A．Tw
B．Three
C．Fur
D．Five
（5）The best title f the passage may be B .
A．Humans get sunburned
B．Sme animals get sunburned
C．Few land animals need prtectin
D．Sea animals have n truble with sunburn
【考点】科普知识；细节理解．
【答案】BCDAB
【分析】本文主要讲了晒太阳可能会被晒伤，不仅人类会被晒伤。这对一些动物来说也是个问题。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Animals withut much hair such as elephants and pigs are mst likely t get sunburned.（没有太多毛发的动物，如大象和猪，最容易被晒伤。）可知大象和猪最容易被晒伤，因为它们没有太多的毛发。故选A。
（2）细节判断题。根据第二段Similarly，elephants thrw sand n their backs and heads fr use as a kind f natural sunblck .（类似地，大象把沙子撒在背上和头上，作为一种天然防晒霜。）可知大象用沙子作为一种天然防晒霜。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第四段横线后Pets withut fur r thse with white fur may als get sunburned.（没有皮毛的宠物或者那些有白色皮毛的人也可能被晒伤。）可知横线处应填"需要保护的不仅仅是野生动物"。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Yu can buy sunblck at many pet stres r pet clthing n yur pet fr utdr play.（你可以在许多宠物商店购买防晒霜，或者为你的宠物购买户外玩耍用的宠物服装。）可知文章中提到了两种保护你的宠物免受户外阳光照射的方法。故选A。
（5）最佳标题题。根据全篇，尤其第一段There is nthing as enjyable as having a day ut in the fresh air and sunshine，but if yu're nt careful，yu may get sunburned.Yu might be surprised t learn that nt nly humans get sunburned.This is a prblem fr sme animals，t.（没有什么比在新鲜空气和阳光下度过一天更令人愉快的了，但如果你不小心，你可能会被晒伤。你可能会惊讶地发现，不仅人类会被晒伤。这对一些动物来说也是个问题。）可知本文主要讲了有些动物会被晒伤。故选B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．（2023•东洲区模拟）Plants and animals are largely made f water.S are humans.They need t keep enugh water inside them，r they culd die.
We get sme f the water we need by eating fd that has water in it.Drinks，such as milk and tea，are mstly water，t.A persn needs water every day.If we g withut water fr three r fur days，we will lse t much water frm ur bdies.In very ht weather，we culd lse this water in just ne day.
What des water d t help ur bdies？Water helps t take the nutritin （营养）frm fd t ur bdies.It als helps t take the wastes away frm different parts f ur bdies.
In ur hmes，we als need water fr many things.We need water fr cking，washing and flushing （冲水） the tilet.Abut three﹣quarters f the water is used in the bathrm and tilet.The rest is mainly used in the laundry （洗衣房） and kitchen.
______ It may cme frm a lake r a river.It may cme frm the sea，frm the rain and snw r frm the undergrund.Water rises frm rivers and seas t make cluds，and then falls again as rain and snw.The water yu drink has been arund fr millins f years.It just keeps being recycled.
Many peple wrk hard t make sure we always have clean water in ur hmes.Water is very imprtant fr all living things，s we shuld use it carefully.
（1）Living things culd B withut enugh water inside them.
A．grw
B．die
C．live
D．develp
（2）A persn can get water that he needs by D .
A．taking wastes away
B．lsing water quickly
C．changing water slwly
D．eating and drinking
（3）Water can take away C frm ur bdies.
A．nutritin
B．fd
C．wastes
D．drinks
（4）A quarter f the water is mstly used in the A and the laundry.
A．kitchen
B．living rm
C．tilet
D．bedrm
（5）Which f the fllwing can be put in "_______"in the fifth paragraph？ C
A．Hw d we save water？
B．What d we use water fr？
C．Where des water cme frm？
D．Where d we wash ur clthes？
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断．
【答案】BDCAC
【分析】本文主要讲了水的重要性。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据They need t keep enugh water inside them，r they culd die.（他们需要保持足够的水分，否则他们可能会死亡。）可知身体内没有足够的水生物会死亡，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据We get sme f the water we need by eating fd that has water in it.Drinks，such as milk and tea，are mstly water，t.（我们通过吃有水的食物来获得一些我们需要的水。牛奶和茶等饮料也大多是水。）可知一个人是通过吃东西和喝水获取水，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据It als helps t take the wastes away frm different parts f ur bdies.（它还有助于将废物从我们身体的不同部位带走。）可知水可以从我们体内带走垃圾，故选C。
（4）细节理解题。题目意为四分之一的水基本在被使用，根据Abut three﹣quarters f the water is used in the bathrm and tilet.The rest is mainly used in the laundry （洗衣房） and kitchen.（四分之三的水被用于卫生间和厕所，而剩下的被用于洗衣房和厨房。）可知四分之一的水基本被用于洗衣房和厨房，故选A。
（5）推理判断题。题目问第五段的空格处应该填入什么，根据第五段It may cme frm a lake r a river.It may cme frm the sea，frm the rain and snw r frm the undergrund.（它可能来自湖泊或河流。它可能来自大海、雨雪或地下。）可知这里讲到水来自湖泊或者河流，来自大海，来自雨和雪，还有地下，因此判断空格处的问题是水来自哪儿，选项C符合题意，故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．（2023•大渡口区模拟）①Recently，I have finished fur space tasks.I stayed in space fr mre than 43 days，and cmplete six spacewalks fr 43 hurs and 13 minutes，s I have a lt f experience there.Tday，I want t share sme infrmatin unusual：what it's like t eat in space.
②Peple ften ask me if Tang﹣ ﹣a kind f range drink mix﹣﹣is still taken in space.Dn't laugh，but we still drink it.Tday's space fds lk like fds we're used t eating every day.Fds，like nuts （坚果） r brwnies （布朗尼蛋糕），can be taken n bard as much as pssible.But things like macarni （通心面） r ndles wuld be specially prepared，then kept and packaged （打包） t stp them ging everywhere .It's a difficult but necessary prcess.Hwever，fd n a space task can be quite rich and varius，can't it？
③The micrgravity （微重力） n the space statin changes things in sme ways.Fr ne thing，there is n"up" r "dwn" in space.It als changes hw things taste.On Earth，mst f yur bld is usually belw yur heart.In space，yu're weightless，s the sharing f bld in yur bdy changes.One result is lwering yur sense f taste，at least at first.This happened t me n ne task.When I tk sugar candy，I wasn't able t taste it until the ninth day.
④Fd can be a real happiness in space.Fr us，eating is mre than just getting pwer and energy.Familiar fds and tastes can remind us f hme and keep us feeling that we still keep in tuch with Earth.
（1）What is the passage abut？ B
A．Life in space.
B．Eating in space.
C．Exercise in space.
D．Sleeping in space.
（2）Wh might the writer be？ C
A．A teacher.
B．A scientist.
C．An astrnaut.
D．A plice artist.
（3）What des the underlined wrd "varius" mean in the secnd paragraph？ D
A．Be f much mney.
B．Be f similar taste.
C．Be f the same clr.
D．Be f different kinds.
（4）Hw is the passage rganized？ B
A．
B．
C．
D．
【考点】科普知识；主旨大意；推理判断；词句猜测．
【答案】BCDB
【分析】本文主要介绍了在太空吃东西的感觉。
【解答】（1）主旨大意题。根据Tday，I want t share sme infrmatin unusual：what it's like t eat in space.（今天，我想分享一些不寻常的信息：在太空吃东西是什么感觉。）可知，本文主要讲述了在太空吃东西的事情。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据Recently，I have finished fur space tasks.I stayed in space fr mre than 43 days，and cmplete six spacewalks fr 43 hurs and 13 minutes，s I have a lt f experience there.（最近，我完成了四项太空任务。我在太空呆了43天多，43小时13分钟完成了6次太空行走，所以我在那里有很多经验。）可以推断，作者应该是一位宇航员，故选C。
（3）词义猜测题。根据上文.Fds，like nuts （坚果） r brwnies （布朗尼蛋糕），can be taken n bard as much as pssible.But things like macarni （通心面） r ndles wuld be specially prepared，then kept and packaged （打包） t stp them ging everywhere .（坚果或布朗尼蛋糕之类的食物可以尽可能多地放在飞船上。但像通心粉或面条之类的东西会经过特别准备，然后保存和包装，以防止它们到处乱跑。）可知，太空中的食物是丰富多样的。故推测句子fd n a space task can be quite rich and varius（太空中的食物可能非常丰富﹣﹣）中的varius应该是"各种各样的"意思。故选D。
（4）文章结构题。通读全文可知，文章①总领全文，引起读者兴趣；②③④介绍了太空中的食物、吃食物的感觉和作者的感受。故文章结构为总﹣分，故选B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
14．（2023•定远县校级一模）D yu still remember the lecture frm China's Tiangng space statin last year？On March 23，astrnauts Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfei gave anther ne!What fun things did they d this time？
A bridge f water
Hw d yu build a "bridge" with water？It's hard t d it n Earth.But in the space statin，with little gravity （重力），it's quite easy!
In the lecture，Wang Yaping first made tw water balls n tw plates，then let them tuch each ther.Next，Wang pulled the tw plates apart，and the water between them didn't break.It became a "bridge"!This is because the surface tensin （表面张力） f water is nt disturbed （干扰） by gravity in space.The surface tensin keeps the "skin" f the water strng s that the bridge desn't break.
Separate water and il
If we mix il and water in a bttle n Earth，they will quickly separate because they have different densities （密度）.Gravity brings the water dwn while the il stays n tp.Hwever，if yu d this in the space statin，with n gravity，the il and the water will stay tgether.
Hw can we separate them，then？In the lecture，Ye Guangfu rtated （旋转） the bttle t create centrifugal frce （离心力）.With this man﹣made gravity，the heavier water is pushed t the furthest pint，which brings the lighter il clser t the center.
（1）Hw many steps did Wang d t make a bridge f water？ C
A．One.
B．Tw.
C．Three.
D．Fur.
（2）Why will il and water quickly separate n Earth？ D
A．Because f thin air n Earth.
B．Because f n gravity n Earth.
C．Because f strng peple n Earth.
D．Because f different densities and gravity.
（3）What did Ye d t separate il and water？ A
A．He rtated the bttle.
B．He pushed il t the center.
C．He created different densities.
D．He threw water t the furthest pint.
【考点】科普知识；细节理解．
【答案】CDA
【分析】本文主要介绍了在天宫空间站的三个有趣的实验。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段In the lecture，Wang Yaping first made tw water balls n tw plates，then let them tuch each ther.Next，Wang pulled the tw plates apart，and the water between them didn't break.It became a "bridge"!（在讲座中，王亚平首先在两个盘子上做了两个水球，然后让它们相互接触。接着，王把两个盘子拉开，两个盘子之间的水没有破裂。它变成了一座"桥"！）可知王三步做水桥。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第六段 If we mix il and water in a bttle n Earth，they will quickly separate because they have different densities .Gravity brings the water dwn while the il stays n tp.（如果我们在地球上把油和水混合在一个瓶子里，它们会很快分离，因为它们的密度不同。重力使水下降，而油保持在顶部。）可知地球上的油和水会很快分离因为密度和重力不同。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段Ye Guangfu rtated the bttle t create centrifugal frce .With this man﹣made gravity，the heavier water is pushed t the furthest pint，which brings the lighter il clser t the center.（叶广福旋转瓶子以产生离心力。在这种人造重力作用下，较重的水被推到最远的地方，从而使较轻的油更靠近中心。）可知他转动瓶子把油和水分开。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
15．（2023•新疆模拟）Nw satellites（卫星） are helping t frecast（预报） the weather．They are in space，and they can reach any part f the wrld．The satellites take pictures f the atmsphere（大气），because this is where the weather frms（形成）．They send these pictures t the weather statins．S meterlgists（气象学家） can see the weather f any part f the wrld．Frm the pictures，the scientists can ften say hw the weather will change．
Tday，nearly five hundred weather statins in sixty cuntries receive satellite pictures．When they receive new pictures，the meterlgists cmpare them with the earlier nes．Perhaps they may find that the cluds have changed during the last few hurs．This may mean that the weather n the grund may sn change，t．In their next weather frecast，the meterlgists can say this．
S the weather satellites are a great help t the meterlgists．Befre satellites were invented，the scientists culd frecast the weather fr abut 24 r 48 hurs．Nw they can make gd frecasts fr three r five days．Sn，perhaps，they may be able t frecast the weather fr a week r mre ahead（提前）．
根据材料内容选择最佳答案
（1）Satellites travel A ．
A．in space
B．abve space
C．abve the grund
D．in the atmsphere
（2）Why d we use the weather satellites t take pictures f the atmsphere？Because B ．
A．cluds frm there
B．the weather frms there
C．the weather satellites can d it easily
D．the pictures can frecast the weather
（3）Meterlgists frecast the weather D ．
A．withut studying satellite pictures
B．befre they receive satellite pictures
C．when they have received satellite pictures
D．after they have cmpared the new satellite pictures with the earlier nes
（4）Maybe we'll sn be able t frecast the weather fr D ．
A．ne day
B．tw days
C．five days
D．seven days r even lnger
（5）The main idea f this passage is that satellites are nw used in C ．
A．taking pictures f the earth
B．receiving pictures f the atmsphere
C．weather frecasting
D．ding ther wrk in many ways
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；主旨大意．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】本文主要介绍了卫星被用于预测天气，以及其预测原理．
【解答】（1）A 细节理解题．根据第一段"Nw satellites（卫星） are helping t frecast（预报） the weather．They are in space，"可知，卫星被用来预测天气，并且他们是在太空中的．故选A．
（2）B 细节理解题．根据第一段" The satellites take pictures f the atmsphere（大气），because this is where the weather frms（形成）．"可知，卫星拍摄大气层的照片时因为天气在大气层中形成．故选B．
（3）D 细节理解题．根据第二段"When they receive new pictures，the meterlgists cmpare them with the earlier nes．Perhaps they may find that the cluds have changed during the last few hurs．This may mean that the weather n the grund may sn change，t．In their next weather frecast，the meterlgists can say this．"可知，当气象学家收到新的照片时，他们把这些照片与之前的照片做比较，就可以预测出接下来的几个小时云彩将会发生怎样的变化，从而预测天气．故选D．
（4）D 细节理解题．根据第三段"Sn，perhaps，they may be able t frecast the weather fr a week r mre ahead（提前）．"可知，或许不久之后我们能可以预测一周或者更多时间的天气．故选D．
（5）C 主旨大意题．本文主要介绍了卫星被用于预测天气，以及其预测原理．故C正确．A，B属于段落大意，错．D选项文章内容没有涉及相关知识，故D错．故选C．
【点评】阅读理解题要求理解文章大意，浏览题干后带着问题到文中寻找相关内容从而得出答案．本题多为细节理解题，在文中很容易找到答案．而推理判断题则需要根据题干找出相关语境，在理解语境的基础上经过推理得出答案，相对之下难度会大些．
16．（2023•樊城区校级二模）Quickly check yurself at hme fr the presence f the COVID﹣19 （SARS CV2）antigen.Test results will cme in nly 15 minutes.
Hw t use
（1）The pictures abve are C .
A．a news reprt
B．a ntice
C．an instructin
D．a cmic strip
（2）Hw lng des it take peple t knw the result f the test？ B
A．Several secnds.
B．Abut 15 minutes.
C．At least an hur.
D．Over half a day.
（3）Which picture belw says that yu shuld test again？ A
A．
B．
C．
D．
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断．
【答案】CBA
【分析】本文主要讲述了如何在家中快速筛査自己是否存在COVID﹣19（SARS CV﹣2）抗原。
【解答】（1）推理判断题。本文主要讲述了如何在家中快速筛查自己是否存在COVID﹣19（SARS CV﹣2）抗原，故文章是一个指导书。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据原文Test results in nly 15 minutes.（测试结果仅需15分钟。）可知测试结果仅需15分钟。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据表格中"Re﹣test"所示的图片可知，选项A符合重新检测的标准。故选A。
【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
17．（2023•泗水县三模）What will astrnauts（宇航员）eat when a space trip takes years？
"Lts f fresh vegetables，" says Dr.Janet Williams，whse team have spent the last 10 years learning hw t grw plants in a space statin.And it's a gd thing that she has already started her wrk，because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual，astrnaut Gerge White lked int the clsed plant rm.He had planted Dr.Williams's quick﹣grwing seedlings（幼苗） in it，but nne f the stems（茎）were shwing.He pened the rm t check and fund the prblem.The stems weren't grwing upward and the rts weren't grwing dwnward.On Earth，gravity（重力）helps a plant's stems and rts t find "up" and "dwn".Hwever，in the space statin，there was almst n gravity.
Dr.Williams suggested a slutin：give the plants mre light，as plants als use sunlight t find their way.And it wrked.When the plants had mre light，the stems turned up and the rts went dwn.
Nw Dr.Williams was free t wrry abut the next prblem：Wuld her baby plants live t flwer？Can we grw fd n a space jurney？
Many plants died in the space thught she knew why：the space plants were hungry fr air.Plants live by taking up CO2 frm the air.Since a plant uses it up in the air arund，the plant needs mving air t bring mre CO2 clse t its surface!On Earth，the air is always mving.Gravity pulls dwn cld air，and warm air rises.And with these air mvements，plants get enugh CO2.
Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used clsed tried a new greenhuse that had a fan t keep the air mve.The plants lved it.They flwered and even prduced mre seeds.Using Dr.Wiliams's methd，astrnaut Gerge cmpleted the fist seed﹣t﹣seed experiment in space，and mved ne plant clser t a garden in space. "And this，" says Dr.Williams， "is gd news fr lng﹣term space travel."
（1）Why have Dr.Williams's team tried t grw plants in space？ C
A．T prduce fresh air fr astrnauts.
B．T help astrnauts relax themselves.
C．T prvide fd fr lng space jurneys.
D．T make the space garden mre beautiful.
（2）Hw did light help slve the prblem mentined in Paragraph 3？ C
A．It caused the gravity t change.
B．It encuraged the plants t grw faster and faster.
C．It helped the plants t grw in the right directin.
D．It shwed the astrnauts where t plant vegetables.
（3）Why did many plants die in the space statin？ D
A．The light was t strng.
B．There was t much CO2.
C．There was nt enugh rm t grw.
D．The air cnditin was nt gd enugh.
（4）The underlined wrd "it" in Paragraph 7 refers t（指） A
A．the mving air
B．the clsed rm
C．the space jurney
D．the space garden
【考点】科普知识．
【答案】CCDA
【分析】本文主要介绍了威廉博士和他的团队为了给太空旅行提供新鲜蔬菜，开展太空种植植物的研究。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据What will astrnauts eat when a space trip takes years？"Lts f fresh vegetables，" says Dr.Janet Williams，whse team have spent the last 10 years learning hw t grw plants in a space statin（当太空旅行需要几年的时间宇航员将吃什么？"很多新鲜蔬菜，"珍妮特•威廉姆斯博士说，他的团队花了10年时间学习如何在空间站种植植物。）可知，在太空种植植物是为了给太空旅行提供食物。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的Give the plants mre light，as plants als use sunlight t find their way.And it wrked.When the plants had mre light the stems turned up and the rts went dwn（给植物更多的光照，因为植物也利用阳光来认路。而且成功了。当植物有更多的光照时，茎向上生长，根向下生长。）可知，光可以帮助植物按正确的方向生长。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Dr.Williams thught she knew why：the space plants were hungry fr air.（威廉姆斯博士认为她知道原因：太空植物渴望空气。）可知，很多植物在太空中死去是因为空气环境不够好。故选D。
（4）人称指代题。根据上一句中的keep the air mving（保持空气流通）可知，此处it 指的是the mving air，流通的空气。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
18．（2023•安徽模拟）Smartphnes，Pr Sight
Lk arund and yu'll see peple busy n their smartphnes.Smartphnes d make ur lives easier.But have yu ever thught abut what they mean t yur eyes？
Accrding t a study，half f British peple wn smartphnes and they spend an average f tw hurs a day using them.There has been a 35% increase in the number f peple in the UK wh suffer frm shrt﹣sightedness（近视）since smartphnes were intrduced there in 1997.
Staring（盯）at smartphnes screen fr lng time gives yu dry eyes.When lking at smething in the distance，yur eyes autmatically blink（自动眨眼）a certain number f times.Hwever，when yu lk at things clser t yur face，the blinking slws dwn.This reduces the amunt f tears and causes discmfrt in yur eyes.Anther bad habit is using smartphnes in dark rms befre ging t sleep.If yu lk at a bright screen while yur pupils（瞳孔）becme larger，t much light enters yur eyes.This can d harm t the eyes and cause a disease called glaucma（青光眼）.
While yu're prbably nt ging t stp using yur smartphne，there are a few things yu can d t prtect yur eyes.Hld yur phne at least 30 centimeters away frm yur eyes when using it.Take a break every hur and try the fllwing：lk at smething at least five meters frm yu and then fcus n the tip f yur nse.Repeat this several times.It shuld reduce the discmfrt in yur eyes.
（1）Accrding t Paragraph 3，using smartphnes imprperly may cause B .
A．t many blinks
B．dry eyes and glaucma
C．smaller pupils
D．mre tears in the eyes
（2）The fllwing things can help yu prtect yur eyes EXCEPT D .
A．hld yur phne at least 30 centimeters away
B．lk at smething at least five meters frm yu and then fcus n the tip f yur nse
C．take a break every hur
D．sleep fr at least 8 hurs a day
（3）This article is written t advise peple D .
A．nt t buy smartphnes
B．t stp using smartphnes
C．t spend much time n smartphnes
D．t use smartphnes prperly
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；主旨大意．
【答案】BDD
【分析】文章介绍了智能手机对我们的眼睛有很大的伤害，并对如何保护眼睛提出了建议。
【解答】（1）B 细节理解题。根据"Staring （盯） at smartphnes screen fr lng time gives yu dry eyes…If yu lk at a bright screen while yur pupils （瞳孔） becme larger，t much light enters yur eyes.This can d harm t the eyes and cause a disease called glaucma （青光眼）."长时间盯着智能手机屏幕会让你眼睛干燥……如果你在瞳孔变大的时候看着明亮的屏幕，太多的光线会进入你的眼睛。这会对眼睛造成伤害，并导致一种叫做青光眼的疾病.可知，不恰当地使用手机可能会导致眼睛干涩和青光眼。故选B。
（2）D 细节理解题。根据"While yu're prbably nt ging t stp using yur smartphne，there are a few things yu can d t prtect yur eyes…It shuld reduce the discmfrt in yur eyes.虽然你可能不会停止使用智能手机，但你可以做一些事情来保护你的眼睛……它应该可以减少你眼睛的不适感。"可知，文中并没有提到每天至少睡8个小时会帮助保护眼睛，故选D。
（3）D 主旨大意题。根据第一段Smartphnes，Pr Sight智能手机，视力差。及整个文章的理解可知，短文介绍了不恰当地使用手机会对眼睛造成伤害，因此文章作者的写作目的是建议人们恰当地使用手机。故选D。
【点评】做阅读理解时，要仔细阅读理解文章内容，完成题目时注意在文章中找到相对应的描述的句子，仔细确认信息完成题目。
19．（2023•鼓楼区模拟）Squirrels （松鼠） are getting ready fr winter．They are lking fr nuts and seeds，digging hles in the grund r finding hles in trees．That's where they stre the fd they will need during the cming mnths，when the weather is cld and smetimes snwy．Squirrels spend a lt f time in trees，which are like restaurants fr them．Amng their favrite things t eat are nuts and ther parts f trees，like tender buds （花苞）．Squirrels may als eat crn，insects and ther animals．And，as anyne wh has a bird knws，squirrels lve bird fd!
Squirrels stay active all winter，s they need plenty f fd t help keep up their energy．Squirrels tend t buryfd undergrund，piece by piece．Sme squirrels may gather fd int piles that they put at the base f trees r bury undergrund．When they need the fd，squirrels use their memries and sense f smell t help them find what they buried．Smetimes，yu'll even see them digging thrugh the snw．
Squirrels make nests in trees．Sme squirrels spend much f the winter in undergrund tunnels （地道），where it is warmer．When spring cmes，squirrels change their eating habits t new plant grwth，like buds and leaves．Smetimes they frget t dig up all their buried nut s．That's why yu'll smetimes find a little tree grwing in a place where neither yu nr yur family planted it．It must have been the squirrels．
（1）T get ready fr winter，squirrels d all f the fllwing EXCEPT A ．
A．stre leaves t keep warm
B．lk fr nuts and seeds
C．find hles in trees
D．dig hles in the grund
（2）Why d squirrels spend a lt f time in trees？ C
A．Because they can keep warm in trees．
B．Because they can find bird fd there．
C．Because their favrite fd is there．
D．Because they can find insects there．
（3）The underlined part"tend t bury"in Paragraph 2 means C ．
A．never bury
B．seldm bury
C．usually bury
D．hardly bury
（4）Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage？ D
A．Squirrels d nt eat any ther animals．
B．Squirrels sleep all the time during winter．
C．Squirrels plant yung trees when spring cmes．
D．Squirrels smetimes fail t find all the buried nuts．
（5）The passage is mainly abut B ．
A．what squirrels are like
B．hw squirrels spend winter
C．where squirrels bury fd
D．why squirrels stre fd fr winter．
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断；词句猜测．
【答案】见试题解答内容
【分析】松鼠准备过冬了．它们寻找坚果和种子，在地上挖洞或在树上寻找洞穴，以储存它们寒冷或下雪天气的食物．松树的大部分时间住在树上，它们喜欢的食物包括坚果以及植物的其他部分，例如花苞，有时它们也会吃玉米、昆虫以及其他小动物还有鸟食．
松鼠在整个冬天都很活跃，因此它们需要大量的食物来给它们提供能量．它们通常会把食物埋在土里，当它们需要食物的食物，它们会凭着记忆和气味找到它们埋在地下的食物，甚至有时候你会发现它们能够找到覆盖在雪下面的食物．
松鼠会在树上建巢，有些松属，冬天居住在地下通道中，因为这里比较暖和．春天到来的时候，松鼠会改变它们的饮食习惯，改为吃青草和树叶．因此松鼠们有时会忘了找出它们埋的食物，因此你会发现你的院子中在没有种树的情况下会长出一颗小树；
【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．该题可以选用排除法．根据Squirrels （松鼠） are getting ready fr winter．They are lking fr nuts and seeds，digging hles in the grund r finding hles in trees．可知，松鼠过冬的时候，它们寻找坚果和种子，在地上挖洞或在树上寻找洞穴，并不会储存叶子来保暖，因此答案为A；
（2）C．细节理解题．根据Squirrels spend a lt f time in trees，which are like restaurants fr them．可知，松鼠们很多时间都在树上，原因就是树对于松鼠来说就是restaurant，也就是饭馆，因此松鼠在树上可以找到吃的，因此答案为C．Because their favrite fd is there．
（3）C．词义猜测题．划线词所在的句子是Squirrels tend t bury fd undergrund，piece by piece．而后面出现的句子是Sme squirrels may gather fd int piles that they put at the base f trees r bury undergrund．有一些松鼠会将食物储存在树里，因此将食物埋在土里是最常用的方法，也就是它们通常将食物埋在土里，只不过有些松属会存在树洞里，因此这里的tend t 代表的就是usually，经常，因此答案为C；
（4）D．推理判断题．根据Squirrels may als eat crn，insects and ther animals．可知，松鼠会吃玉米、昆虫和其他小动物，因此A错误；根据Squirrels stay active all winter可知，松鼠在整个冬天都很活跃，并不是一直睡觉，因此B错误；根据Smetimes they frget t dig up all their buried nut s．That's why yu'll smetimes find a little tree grwing in a place where neither yu nr yur family planted it．It must have been the squirrels．可知，有些松鼠会忘记把它们的食物全部挖出来，因此有的时候它们埋藏的种子会发芽，但是并不意味着它们在春天种树，因此C错误、D正确；
（5）B．文章主旨题．根据文中的内容可知，本文详细讲述了松鼠在冬天的活动，也就是松鼠如何越冬，因此答案为B．hw squirrels spend winter
【点评】本文是一篇科普类文章．做题时要在理解好文意的基础上，与题目有机的结合，从文章中找到相关细节性的句子与选项细细比对，进行选择或推理判断，选出符合文章内容的正确选项．做题注意灵活，有时可采用排除法或直选法确定出最终答案．
20．（2023•北京模拟）
Can Training Yur Wrking Memry Make Yu Smarter？
We wuld all like t increase ur cgnitive （认知的） ability beynd the limits set by Mther Nature.S it's n wnder that brain﹣training prgrams — which fcus n training ur wrking memry — are a multibillin﹣dllar industry.But can this kind f training really make us smarter？
Cgnitive training sees the brain as a kind f muscle （肌肉） that can be made strnger with the right kind f practice.Althugh peple did much research，there has been n agreement abut its effectiveness.Sme think that cgnitive training increases sme cgnitive abilities，while thers less hpeful.
Yet we d knw that sme cgnitive skills prbably g tgether and are predictrs f real﹣life skills such as wrk perfrmance.Thus，training ne cgnitive skill might lead t an imprvement in many ther cgnitive and nn﹣cgnitive skills.That is the key hypthesis （假设） n which wrking﹣memry training is based.
T test this hypthesis，we examined all the studies abut wrking﹣memry training.The results were very clear.Wrking﹣memry training did nt shw any effect n children's fluid intelligence （流体智力），a persn's ability t slve new prblems and get used t new situatins.It didn't influence their educatinal achievement r ther cgnitive abilities，either.The nly dependable effect was that children gt better at what they were trained t d.S perfrming wrking memry tasks des seem t make yu better at ding them.Hwever，the fact that participants （参与者） gt better at such tasks des nt necessarily mean that their wrking memry ability increased.They may just have learnt hw t perfrm that type f task.
The results d shw that the use f wrking﹣memry training prgrams as an educatinal tl is useless.Beynd wrking﹣memry training，ther recent studies have shwn the limitatins f different types f cgnitive training.
Hwever，these negative （负面的） results must nt discurage us frm training ur cgnitive and nn﹣cgnitive skills.We just have t realize the actual limitatins f such practice in areas utside what we are actually training.But that desn't mean we shuldn't d it — the mst efficient way t develp a skill is，after all，t train that skill.
（1）Accrding t the passage，cgnitive training prbably C .
A．benefit the training cmpanies
B．balance the learning skills
C．make us strnger thrugh practice
D．help the children get gd results
（2）Children taking part in the experiments were able t D .
A．be familiar with new situatins quickly
B．get greater educatinal achievements
C．succeed when they slve real life prblems
D．d better in the field that they were trained in
（3）What is the writer's pinin n the cgnitive training？ B
A．The cgnitive training is a useful experiment.
B．The cgnitive training can't make us smarter.
C．The cgnitive training challenge the children's skills.
D．The experiment is helpful t children's cgnitive skills.
【考点】科普知识；细节理解；推理判断．
【答案】CDB
【分析】本文主要论证了认知训练是否可以让人变得更聪明。
【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据第二段Cgnitive training sees the brain as a kind f muscle （肌肉） that can be made strnger with the right kind f practice.（认知训练将大脑视为一种肌肉，通过正确的练习可以使其变得更强壮。）推断认知训练可能会让我们通过训练更加强壮。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段The nly dependable effect was that children gt better at what they were trained t d.（唯一可靠的结果是，孩子们在训练中做得更好。）可知参加实验的儿童能够在他们接受训练的领域做得更好。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段Hwever，the fact that participants （参与者） gt better at such tasks des nt necessarily mean that their wrking memry ability increased.（然而，参与者在这些任务中表现更好并不一定意味着他们的工作记忆能力提高了。）推断作者认为认知训练不能让我们变聪明。故选B。
【点评】阅读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文，在原文中找出与题目对应的内容，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。A．
B．
C．
D．
A．
B．
C．
D．