英语（北京卷 01）- 高考第一次模拟考试

这是一份英语（北京卷 01）- 高考第一次模拟考试，文件包含英语北京专用01全解全析docx、英语北京专用01参考答案docx、英语北京专用01答题卡docx、英语北京专用01考试版A3docx、英语北京专用01考试版docx等5份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
When Gertrude Grew Great
Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At hme, she helped ut just enugh t slide by. At schl, she did just enugh hmewrk t stay ut f 1 . She had straight C's in all f her classes.
One day Gertrude’s teacher stpped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the wrk yu d in class, and sme f it is 2 .” Gertrude knew there were mments when she did try a little harder than what everyne 3 , like when she tk extra time with her hmewrk t make it lk fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she culd change. She had dne just enugh t 4 fr s lng. In fact, she was scared by the thught f having the pwer t becme whatever she wanted.
That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years int the future. She culd nt find an average jb, because even the average jbs were 5 by abve-average wrkers. Gertrude wanted her wn place, her wn life. A vice spke in the dream:“The present is nthing mre than the 6 f the chices made in the past.
“The future will nly be the results f the chices we make tday.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped 7 the wrld where she lived, and the chices she made had prduced the ptins she had.
The next day, she tried harder in schl, and she felt 8 than usual. She helped mre arund the huse, and she felt better than typical. Sn the pattern f Success 9 that f being nrmal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning frm her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized huse and she was just the average adult. But her 10 was abve average, because her life was hers.
1．A．rderB．trubleC．sightD．debt
2．A．challengingB．amusingC．amazingD．encuraging
3．A．learnedB．insistedC．expectedD．cmplained
4．A．get byB．give inC．shw upD．stand ut
5．A．filledB．fferedC．refusedD．valued
6．A．chanceB．riskC．rewardD．utcme
7．A．leadB．shapeC．betterD．prtect
8．A．smarterB．sadderC．calmerD．freer
9．A．fllwedB．cveredC．prducedD．replaced
10．A．independenceB．happinessC．cnfidenceD．gratitude
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
We are writing 11 (call) n everyne t take part in the Clear Yur Plate campaign. It urges peple t save fd by nt wasting anything n the dining table. Yu may nt knw ver 30% f the wrld’s fd 12 (waste) every year, while many peple in pr areas d nt have enugh t eat. Reducing daily fd waste by just 5% culd save millins f peple frm starvatin. Let’s start ding 13 we can t make the wrld a better place.
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China’s mdern science and technlgy museum system 14 (attract) ver ne billin ffline visits since 2012, 15 (play) a unique rle in prmting science ppularizatin and imprving scientific literacy in the cuntry. The system will cntinue t prvide scientific educatin and ppularizatin t the public, especially t key grups such as 16 (teenager).
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mre than 3. 5 billin peple wrldwide spend an average f three hurs a day glued t their smartphnes. Researchers fund that peple wh lwered their usage by ne hur every day were 17 (happy) and reduced anxiety symptms by mre than 30%. Cutting back was mre effective than ttal digital detx (戒瘾): Peple wh had spent ne hur less per day 18 smartphnes during the ne-week interventin were mre likely t successfully change their habits ver the lng term than thse 19 had put their smartphnes away 20 (entire) fr a week.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When facing the task f deciding yur majr, yu shuld remember that the decisin yu make desn’t mean yu are nly destined fr ne path.
QUESTIONS TO ASK YOURSELF AS YOU MAKE YOUR DECISION
●D I have a career in mind?
Althugh yur majr des nt necessarily dictate yur career, sme jbs d require a certain field f study. If yu have yur future career in mind, d yur research and find ut the educatin requirements. If yu are at a lss with what yu want t d, g ahead and research different career fields. A certain jb might pique yur interest, and that culd prmpt yu t pick a certain majr.
●Hw much des mney matter?
Sme majrs d have higher ptential earnings than thers. If earning a lt f mney is a primary gal fr yu, search fr majrs that pay ff well. Feel free t reach ut t the Career Center fr mre infrmatin n higher-earning majrs and careers.
●What d I lve t d?
If yu lve what yu study, yu will be mre likely t pay full attentin t yur classes. which will prbably lead t better grades and valuable cnnectins in the field. Als yu will find yur cllege years mre fulfilling if yu cultivate yur passin!
TIPS FOR DISCOVERING WHAT INTERESTS YOU
●Explre different curses!
Dn’t take randm free electives just t meet the credit requirement fr graduatin. Explre different subjects! By branching ut f what yu knw, yu may discver an unexpected aptitude fr sprt management, r realize that yu lve psychlgy! Maybe an elective curse culd lead yu t yur majr.
●Meet with a CDC staff member!
Yur Career Develpment Center (CDC) is eager t help yu! Meet with a peer Career Ambassadr t talk abut yur career gals and the ptins fr yu. Als cnsider scheduling an appintment with a prfessinal staff member t discuss ptential career paths, internships (实习), and mre!
●Utilize the CDC’s nline resurces!
CDC ffers many nline resurces fr self-assessment and career search. We make recmmendatins fr majrs and careers based n yur answers! See page 6 fr mre details f what we have t ffer!
21．If yu dn’t knw what t chse as yur future career, yu need t ______.
A．cultivate a related hbbyB．aim fr well-paid jbs
C．cnsider the educatin requirementsD．investigate different fields
22．Accrding t the passage, CDC culd ______.
A．give majr-related adviceB．establish internship prgrammes
C．define yur future career galsD．select an elective curse fr yu
23．Where is the passage prbably taken frm?
A．A research paper.B．A cmmercial pst.
C．A cllege brchure.D．A recruitment ntice.
B
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass thrugh their bdies the same way light passes thrugh a windw. These animals typically live between the surface f the cean and a depth f abut 3,300 feet---as far as mst light can reach. Mst f them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple tuch. Snke Jhnsen, a scientist in bilgy, says, “These animals live thrugh their life alne. They never tuch anything unless they’re eating it, r unless smething is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. Hw des an animal becme see-thrugh? It s trickier than yu might think.
The bjects arund yu are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But sme materials slw and scatter (散射) light, buncing it away frm its riginal path. Others absrb light, stpping it dead in its tracks. Bth scattering and absrptin make an bject lk different frm ther bjects arund it, s yu can see it easily.
But a transparent bject desn’t absrb r scatter light, at least nt very much. Light can pass thrugh it withut bending r stpping. That means a transparent bject desn’t lk very different frm the surrunding air r water. Yu dn’t see it yu see the things behind it.
T becme transparent, an animal needs t keep its bdy frm absrbing r scattering light. Living materials can stp light because they cntain pigments (色素) that absrb specific clrs f light. But a transparent animal desn’t have pigments, s its tissues wn’t absrb light. Accrding t Jhnsen, aviding absrptin is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light frm scattering.
Animals are built f many different materials---skin, fat, and mre---and light mves thrugh each at a different speed. Every time light mves int a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks t fight scattering. Sme animals are simply very small r extremely flat. Withut much tissue t scatter light, it is easier t be see-thrugh. Others build a large, clear mass f nn-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves ver it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have t make all the different tissues in their bdies slw dwn light exactly as much as water des. They need t lk unifrm. But hw they’re ding it is still unknwn. One thing is clear: fr these larger animals, staying transparent is an active prcess. When they die, they turn a nn-transparent milky white.
24．Accrding t Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A．stay in grupsB．can be easily damaged
C．appear nly in deep ceanD．are beautiful creatures
25．The underlined wrd “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A．silentlyB．gradually
C．regularlyD．cmpletely
26．One way fr an animal t becme transparent is t .
A．change the directin f light travelB．gather materials t scatter light
C．avid the absrptin f lightD．grw bigger t stp light
27．The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A．mve mre slwly in deep water
B．stay see-thrugh even after death
C．prduce mre tissues fr their survival
D．take effective actin t reduce light spreading
C
Ndles can turn frm white t purple t pink with the aid f red cabbage and lemn juice; a chclatey “liquid” can be rlled like a slid. These are just a few f the edible (可食的) treats in The Kitchen Science Ckbk that kids can make frm everyday kitchen ingredients. The bk has nn-edible experiments, t—vlcanes that erupt with lava made frm baking sda and vinegar—and mst recipes cst less than a dllar, says the bk’s creatr, a nantechnlgist (纳米专家) and science cmmunicatr, Michelle Dickinsn, knwn as Nangirl.
Dickinsn was inspired by a mther wh tld her she’d failed in science at schl but wanted t develp a lve f science in her wn daughter. “Then the mther ffered me a cake she’d made at hme as a gift. I tld her, ‘Yu d use science—yu baked this cake!’ and she replied, ‘N, that’s baking, very different frm science.’ I said, ‘Well, what happens if it desn’t rise enugh? Yu use mre baking sda and then turn the ven up higher...’ There was a real discnnectin between what the mther was ding and the wrd ‘science’.”
S Dickinsn spent three years using her kitchen as a lab, cming up with 300 experiments. She put a call-ut nline fr recipe testers, “thinking I’d get abut five f my friends with kids respnding, but in 24 hurs we had 2,000 applicants frm 24 cuntries!”
In 2012, she was asked by TEDx t give a lecture n nantechnlgy, where she presented herself as Nangirl—a cnfident, smart, amazing superher n stage. In last year’s six-week natinwide tur, Nangirl perfrmed science stunts (特技表演) t thusands f kids, and trained 200 teachers in hw t integrate science in the classrm.
Dickinsn has gt thusands f vides psted by children wh’ve attempted the experiments she encurages them t try at hme. “Then we have kids building all srts f weird and wnderful things.”
Nw Nangirl has gne glbal, with lcal versins surfacing in five cuntries and in fur languages.
Dickinsn self-published The Kitchen Science Ckbk as part f a pay-it-frward prgram, where fr every bk sld, a bk will be dnated t a library, schl r cmmunity rganizatin. A Kickstarter fund helped pay fr the printing. “I’m s grateful peple believed in us.”
28．Dickinsn became a science cmmunicatr because ______.
A．her mther develped a lve f science in her
B．she gt inspired by her cake-baking experience
C．she nticed peple were unaware f science in life
D．her kitchen experiments went ppular n scial media
29．What impact has Dickinsn made?
A．200 teachers have jined her t becme nangirls.
B．Nangirls emerge fllwing in her steps wrldwide.
C．A few schls and libraries have been funded by her.
D．Many kids are encuraged t dnate bks t schls.
30．Accrding t the passage, Dickinsn is ______.
A．passinate and inspiringB．creative and humrus
C．cperative and generusD．curageus and grateful
D
Hw much time d yu spend ding research befre yu make a big decisin? There are peple wh g ver every detail exhaustively befre making a chice, and it is certainly pssible t verthink things. But a fair number f individuals are quick t jump t cnclusins. Psychlgists call the latter a mental bias (偏见). In this case, the errr is making a call based n the least f evidence.
A research by Carmen Sanchez, a prfessr at the University f Illinis, and David Dunning, a prfessr at the University f Michigan, has fund that hasty judgments are ften just ne part f larger errr-prne patterns in behavir and thinking. These patterns have csts. Peple wh tend t make such jumps in their reasning ften chse a bet in which they have lw chances f winning instead f ne where their chances are much better.
T study jumping, researchers did an experiment t examine decisin-making patterns amng 600 peple frm the general ppulatin. They applied a thinking game, in which players encuntered smene wh was fishing frm ne f tw lakes: in ne lake, mst f the fish were red; in the ther, mst were gray. The fisher wuld catch ne fish at a time and stp nly when players thught they culd say which lake was being fished. Sme players had t see many fish befre making a decisin. Others—the jumpers—stpped after nly ne r tw. Participants were als asked questins t learn mre abut their thught patterns. It was fund that the fewer fish a player waited t see, the mre errrs that individual made in ther types f beliefs, reasning and decisins.
S what is behind jumping? Researchers cmmnly distinguish between tw pathways f thught: autmatic, knwn as system l, which reflects ideas that cme t the mind easily, spntaneusly and withut effrt; and cntrlled, r system 2, cnsisting f effrtful reasning that is analytic, mindful and intentinal. It was fund that jumpers and nn-jumpers were equally influenced by autmatic thughts. The jumpers, hwever, did nt engage in cntrlled reasning t the same degree as nn-jumpers. It is system 2 thinking that helps peple cunterbalance mental biases intrduced by system 1. A lack f system 2 thinking is als mre bradly cnnected t their prblematic beliefs and faulty reasning.
In everyday life, the questin f whether we shuld think things thrugh r instead g with ur heart is a frequent and imprtant ne. Recent studies shw that even gathering just a little bit mre evidence may help us avid a majr mistake. Smetimes the mst imprtant decisin we make can be t take sme mre time befre making a chice.
31．What is the main idea f the first tw paragraphs?
A．Overthinking things is a mental bias.
B．Evidence is a necessity fr judgments.
C．Jumping results frm a wish t win a bet.
D．Jumpers have a tendency t a mental mistake.
32．What can we learn frm the experiment?
A．Jumpers caught mre fish than nn-jumpers.
B．Nn-jumpers gave quicker answers than jumpers.
C．Nn-jumpers tended t see mre fish befre naming the lake.
D．Peple wh saw fewer fish made fewer mistakes in reasning.
33．Accrding t the passage, in which situatin is system 2 engaged mre?
A．After cmparing different brands and mdels, David purchased a car.
B．On hearing that the Apll mn landings were faked, Mia believed it.
C．Seeing the dirty windws f a restaurant, Mary decided its fd was bad.
D．When picking a dctr, Jim merely accepted the recmmendatin frm a friend.
34．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．T reflect n ur thught patterns regularly.
B．T think twice befre we make ur decisins.
C．T realize the cnsequences f faulty reasning.
D．T adpt tw pathways f thught befre acting.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Hw t D a Prper Scial Media Detx
Despite the invlvement f dpamine (多巴胺), scial media addictin is a psychlgical addictin. Yu need t stp rewarding yur current dpamine triggers s that yur brain can return t nrmal. 35 Plus, yu’re mre likely t cntinuusly g back int addictin with little hits. Here are the simple steps t a true scial media detx:
●Deactivate yur accunts. 36 And it will als signal t yur friends that yu’ re n a detx. It is easy t find ut hw t deactivate Facebk, Instagram, and LinkedIn.
●Uninstall all scial media apps. This will eliminate all f thse ntificatins and alerts that play such a crucial rle in scial media addictin. And yu wn’t be as likely t pp ne f thse apps pen in mments f bredm r stillness.
●Blck all scial media sites. This is fr yur cmputers, laptps, and tablets. Use ne f these web filtering tls t restrict access t scial media sites. 37 I als have OpenDNS n my ruter, which blcks sites fr all devices cnnected t it.
● 38 It’s nt enugh t remve scial media frm yur day. Yu need t fill that empty space with smething else. Otherwise, yu’re just ging t claw yur way back. I recmmend learning new skills, whether creative hbbies, geeky DIY hbbies, r even hbby prgramming.
●Stick with the detx lng enugh. While studies are still limited n this, mst experts agree that it takes apprximately three mnths (r 100 days) fr dpamine levels t return t nrmal. It may take lnger depending n hw lng and hw intensely yu’ ve been addicted. 39
One last wrd f advice: Dn’t panic. A detx desn’t have t be permanent — it just has t be lng enugh t rewire yur brain and break yu ut f the endless dpamine cycle. Yu can always cme back later.
A．Take a mment and search yur heart.
B．My preferred tl is K9 Web Prtectin.
C．Replace scial media with anther activity.
D．This will serve as a fence against yur sudden wish t check in.
E．Yu can’t d a detx if yu’re feeding yur appetite here and there.
F．S dn’t be surprised if it takes upwards f six mnths r even a year.
G．Like mst addictins, it takes hld f yu lng befre yu realize it even exists.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
When advising children and adlescents wh are learning t regulate their emtins, experts explain that hw they think affects hw they feel. After children learn t use sme basic techniques t regulate their emtins, a greater sense f internal cntrl arises. Thereafter, peple start t ntice the pwer they can feel in their minds by changing their thught patterns.
“I believe that changing ur thinking patterns helps engage different parts f the brain,” said Ran D．Anbar, the authr f Changing Children’s Lives with Hypnsis: A Jurney t the Center, “Fr instance, we may find urselves habitually thinking in a particular way that predictably makes us feel prly, fr example angry, anxius, r sad. Peple can becme angry when they feel that they have been treated prly r have nt gtten their way. The anger ccurs because the persn fcuses n the perceived (察觉到的) injustice. When we shift ur thinking, we can mre easily create new, healthier thught patterns.”
Fr instance, 14-year-ld “Sarah” became angry with her parents fr restricting her use f scial media. While discussing why her parents did s, Sarah recgnized that they were attempting t prtect her frm sme f the ill effects f verusing scial media. Sarah let g f her anger. She switched frm thinking abut her frustratin with her parents’ restrictins and instead fcused her thughts n hw t slve the dilemma (困境) regarding her veruse f scial media. She was able t recgnize that her parents were her valuable friends rather than her ppnents.
Frequently, peple explain t themselves and thers that their pr md is related t unfrtunate circumstances. While hlding such a belief, peple smetimes take cmfrt in the idea that since they cannt change their circumstances, there shuld be n expectatin that they take charge f imprving their feelings.
Hwever, as demnstrated in this pst, ur emtinal respnse t unfrtunate circumstances can be brught under ur cntrl and imprved thrugh a change in ur thinking patterns. Smetimes, that change can even help us figure ut new ways t act that als will imprve ur situatin.
40．What happens after children regulate their emtin?

41．Why des the authr mentin the example f Sarah in the 3rd paragraph?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Peple always believe their pr md is due t unfrtunate circumstances, s they will try t change their situatin in rder t have a gd md.


43．Besides changing thinking patterns, d yu have ther way(s) t cntrl yur emtins? (In abut 40 wrds)


第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部将举办“最美唐诗译文”评选活动。作为活动负责人，请你用英文给外教Jim写一封电子邮件，邀请他担任评委，内容包括：
1．活动介绍；
2．评委职责。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua