高二英语寒假培优练习寒假作业01 非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句（2份，原卷版+解析版）

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作业01 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句用法
积累运用
一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
例句：
The by, whse father is an engineer, was admitted t a tp university. (去掉非限制性定语从句，句意依然完整)
那个男孩被一所重点大学录取了，他的爸爸是一位工程师。
The by whse father is an engineer was admitted t a tp university. （去掉限制性定语从句，不清楚男孩的身份）
他爸爸是工程师的那个男孩被一所重点大学录取了。
She lst the necklace, which made her sad the whle day.
她丢失了那条项链，这让她沮丧了一整天。
The friend, whm we came acrss the ther day, was als invited t the party.
那个朋友也被邀请参加了晚会，我们几天前遇到过他。
误区：
误区1： 只有which 可以引导非限制性定语从句。
纠正1： 除了that和why不可以引导非限制性定语从句，其他关系代词和关系副词均可引导非限制性定语从句。
例句：
My grandfather’s childhd was bitter, when he lived a hard life.
我祖父的童年是苦涩的，那时他过着艰难的生活。
This is an ld huse, where my grandfather lived in his childhd.
这是一座旧房子，我祖父曾经小时候在那里居住。
误区2： 介词位于关系代词前，只用于限制性定语从句。
纠正2： 介词位于关系代词前，既可以用于限制性定语从句，也可以用于非限制性定语从句。
例句：
The prfessr, frm whm I have learnt a lt, is very ppular in the schl.
这位教授在学校很受欢迎，我从他那里学习了很多知识。
The garden in which a variety f flwers are planted attracts a great many visitrs.
各样鲜花被种植的花园吸引了很多游客。
二. 引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词as与关系代词which的异同
As we knw, genuine knwledge cmes frm cnstant practice.
正如我们所知，真知来自于不断的实践。
He is such a generus persn as we all admire.
他正如我们所钦佩的那样，是一位如此慷慨的人。
He was always careless, which made his parents anxius.
他总是粗心，这让他父母焦虑。
一.填入合适的关系词
1. He has published a lt f bks, ______________brings him a sense f achievement.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他出版了很多书，这给他带来了成就感。此处用非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，所以用which。
2. Last term ur maths teacher set s difficult an examinatin prblem nne f us wrked ut.
【答案】as
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：上学期，我们数学老师出了一道没有人能算出来的考试题。根据句子分析可知，Last term ur maths teacher set s difficult an examinatin prblem为主句，从句中nne f us wrked ut缺宾语，故为定语从句，先行词是an examinatin prblem，指物定语从句中缺wrk ut的宾语。先行词被s修饰，故用as代替先行词，在定语从句中做宾语。所以填as。
3. She has a brther name I can’t remember.
【答案】whse
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：她有一个哥哥，我记不得他的名字了。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是brther，指人，关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whse引导定语从句。故填whse。
4. I have many cllectins f stamps, sme f are my favrite.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我有很多邮票，它们中一些是我的最爱。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词stamps在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，所以填which。
5. The classrm， dr is brken， will sn be repaired.
【答案】whse
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词的用法。句意：这间教室很快就会被修理，它的门是坏的。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词classrm在从句中充当dr的定语，应用关系代词whse，所以填whse。
6． The last ne leaves the classrm shuld clse the windws.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：最后一个离开教室的人应该关窗户。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，关系词代替先行词ne在从句中充当主语，指人先行词为the ne时多用wh, 所用填wh。
7. He put aside his wrk t spend mre time with his sn, just returned frm abrad.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：他把工作放到一边，花更多时间陪陪刚从国外回来的儿子。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词his sn在从句充当主语，应用指代人的关系代词that/wh，又非限中不能使用that，故填wh。
8. I wuld like t express my thanks in a way he culd never imagine.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：我想用他绝不会想象得到的方式来表达我的感谢。分析句子可知先行词way在从句中充当imagine的宾语，应用指代物的关系代词，故填that/which。
9. The nvel crnavirus has had such a deep effect n ur life is ttally beynd expectatin.
【答案】as
【详解】考查限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：新型冠状病毒对我们的生活影响如此之深，这完全出乎意料的。分析句子可知，此处定语从句关系词，先行词effect被such修饰，且在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词as，故填as。
10. Lra is the very teacher I like mst, with help I have made prgress in my study.
【答案】whse
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句关系代词。句意：劳拉就是我最喜欢的老师，在她的帮助下我在学习上取得了进步。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词Lra在从句中充当help的定语，应用关系代词whse，故填whse。
11. Tan Dun nce said，Chinese music shuld carry “universal expressin” f the human spirit s as t be recgnised by the whle wrld.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：正如谭盾所说，中国音乐应该具有表达人类精神的全球性特点，以便被整个世界所认可。“正如”可以表示为“as”，所用填As。
12. Autumn is the seasn fr harvest, __________ farmers get what they have planted in spring.
【答案】when
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：秋天是收获的季节。秋天，农民收获春天种下的庄稼。分析句意可知，可将Autumn作为先行词，In autumn为时间状语，所以用关系副词when。所以填when。
13. They are planning t set up a new hspital, ___________mre patients can be treated.
【答案】where
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他们正计划建一所新医院，那里可以治疗更多的病人。hspital作先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。所以填where。
14. I bught all the fd in the shp, much f was given ut t the pr.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我买了商店里所有的食物，把它们分给了穷人们。much f_______________ was given ut t the pr作非限制性定语从句修饰先行词fd，在从句中f后接名词，故用关系代词which。所以填which。
15. is ften the case, we have wrked ut the prductin plan.
【答案】As
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：通常是这样，我们已经制定出生产计划。分析句子，此处为固定结构as is ften the case通常是这样，as引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明后面主句的内容。所以填As。
A
I was sitting at my desk when anther graduate student in my lab apprached me. “Can yu help?” he begged. His experiment wasn’t wrking and he desperately needed help. I was a fifth year PhD student, the senir member f the lab at the time. As I had many times befre, I gave in and said yes.
I had a hard time saying n t such requests. I was new t the United States fr graduate schl. I fund it difficult t make new friends and discver after-wrk activities I enjyed. S I spent a huge chunk f my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary surce f scial cnnectin. I feared that if I brushed them ff, I’d lse their favr.
After I graduated and started a jb in industry, I cntinued t carry the same attitude with me, and it cntinued t cst me. It wasn’t until my wife gave birth t ur first child that I realized hw thin I had stretched myself and hw misguided my pririties (重要的事) were. While she lay in a hspital bed in the early stages f labr (分娩阵痛), I sat nearby, busy in crrecting a wrk reprt n my laptp fr my clleague. Hurs later, after hearing my daughter’s first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly nt mine, it dawned n me that I shuld have been fully present during my daughter’s birth.
Frm then n, I determined t spare mre time fr my family by reducing my wrk tasks and carefully cnsidering each request fr help. I still enjyed cperating with thers, but I dealt with mutually (共同地) beneficial tasks first, rather than accepting everything that came my way.
I nticed many benefits, and few disadvantages. My daily wrk schedule was nt s crwded. I n lnger wrked vertime, and I was able t imprve my wrk perfrmance by fcusing mre n imprtant tasks. I was als pleased t discver that “Srry, I’d lve t help but I have a deadline cming up” is an acceptable respnse t a request fr assistance. Mst clleagues seem t understand.
It’s hard t say “n” t thse yu wrk with. But I’ve learned that smetimes that’s the best way t avid t much wrklad and lead a freer and happier life.
1．Why was it hard fr the authr t refuse thers’ requests in schl?
A．He was eager fr gd relatins with thers. B．He was interested in helping thers.
C．He was fnd f ding experiments. D．He was the mst experienced student.
2．What did the authr realize after his daughter’s birth?
A．He felt very happy after his daughter’s birth.
B．His wife had sacrificed a lt fr the family.
C．He shuld have balanced wrk and life better.
D．He shuld wrk harder due t the increased respnsibilities.
3．What happened t the authr after refusing thers?
A．He gt alng badly with his clleagues. B．He gt a lt mre vital tasks.
C．He received assistance frm his clleagues. D．He gt less wrk and mre jy.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Enjying family life. B．Giving pririty t family.
C．Giving and taking. D．Learning t say “n”.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过自己的经历说明了生活中要学会说“不”。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“I had a hard time saying n t such requests. I was new t the United States fr graduate schl. I fund it difficult t make new friends and discver after-wrk activities I enjyed. S I spent a huge chunk f my time in the lab, with my labmates serving as my primary surce f scial cnnectin. I feared that if I brushed them ff, I’d lse their favr.(我很难拒绝这样的要求。我刚到美国读研究生。我发现很难交到新朋友，也很难找到自己喜欢的下班后活动。所以我花了大量的时间在实验室里，我的实验室伙伴是我社会联系的主要来源。我担心如果我不理睬他们，就会失去他们的好感。)”可知，因为作者渴望与他人建立良好的关系，所以在学校很难拒绝别人的请求。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hurs later, after hearing my daughter’s first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly nt mine, it dawned n me that I shuld have been fully present during my daughter’s birth. (几个小时后，听到女儿的第一声啼哭，看着她的小手指紧紧抓住我的手指，我突然意识到，我应该在女儿出生的时候完全陪伴在她身边。)”以及第四段“Frm then n, I determined t spare mre time fr my family by reducing my wrk tasks and carefully cnsidering each request fr help. I still enjyed cperating with thers, but I dealt with mutually (共同地) beneficial tasks first, rather than accepting everything that came my way.(从那时起，我决定减少我的工作任务，并仔细考虑每一个请求的帮助，以腾出更多的时间给我的家庭。我仍然喜欢与他人合作，但我首先处理互利的任务，而不是接受所有的事情。)”可知，因为女儿的出生，作者想腾出更多的时间给自己的家庭，所以决定减少自己的工作任务，换句话说，作者在女儿出生后意识到他应该更好地平衡工作和生活。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“My daily wrk schedule was nt s crwded. (我的日常工作日程没有那么拥挤。)”和最后一段中“But I’ve learned that smetimes that’s the best way t avid t much wrklad and lead a freer and happier life. (但我明白了，有时候这是避免太多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最好方法。)”可知，作者拒绝别人之后，工作量少了，生活更加快乐了。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段“It’s hard t say ‘n’ t thse yu wrk with. But I’ve learned that smetimes that’s the best way t avid t much wrklad and lead a freer and happier life. (很难对你的同事说‘不’。但我明白了，有时候这是避免太多工作量、过上更自由、更快乐生活的最好方法。)”可知，本文主要通过自己的经历说明生活中要学会说“不”。故选D项。
B
Artificial intelligence has becme increasingly cmmn in recent years, appearing in varius apps and tls. ChatGPT is a chatbt develped by Open AI and designed t cnverse (对话) with peple, generate text and answer cmplicated questins. The name ChatGPT stands fr “Generative Pre-trained Transfrmer”, which indicates its ability t use pre-training mdels t examine the cnnectins between all elements f a data sequence(序列), that is, using a mdel frm ne machine learning assignment t train anther mdel, much similar t hw peple use previusly learned infrmatin when learning smething new. ChatGPT ffers a substantial amunt f text t use fr pre-training.
ChatGPT was launched in Nvember 2022, and the develper trained it t respnd t fllw-up questins, challenge incrrectness and admit mistakes. ChatGPT is als a generative AI tl that can create varius types f cntent, including shrt stries, dctrate theses (论文), term papers, menus and mre.
ChatGPT makes it easier and faster fr blggers r cntent creatrs t prduce high-quality text. It can answer cmplicated questins cnversatinally, using innvative technlgy t learn what humans mean when asking questins. Many peple are impressed with its human-like respnses, making it an efficient tl fr generating written cntent.
ChatGPT excels at language and infrmatin tasks. It has sme restrictins built in that prevent it frm prviding txic reactins that are against the right values. It’s als designed t ignre imprper requests. While the prgram prvided pretty decent respnses t intellectual questins, it cannt prvide definitive answers t spiritual questins. Its answers are nt always accurate, as it is trained t give human-feeling respnses rather than necessarily being crrect.
Thugh AI tls can assist and enhance ur abilities, we must avid becming t dependent n them, as this dependence can cst us ur thinking abilities, critical skills and intellectual curisity, which are vitally imprtant fr lifelng learning and grwth. Thus, despite many advantages f ChatGPT, we must use it wisely t avid lsing crucial skills and cgnitive abilities.
5．What is ChatGPT?
A．An AI tl designed fr text editing. B．A chatbt that can replace human brain.
C．A prgram generating human-like respnses. D．A pre-trained mdel fcused n language learning.
6．What des the underlined wrd “txic” mean in paragraph 4?
A．Beneficial.B．Cmplicated.C．Harmful.D．Precise.
7．What is the prblem with ChatGPT?
A．It cannt respnd rapidly enugh.
B．The inbuilt restrictins may misguide users.
C．It fails t prvide cnvincing academic replies.
D．Overreliance n it may weaken sme essential human abilities.
8．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A news reprt.B．A sci-tech magazine.
C．An academic paper.D．A research dcument.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为ChatGPT的聊天机器人，旨在与人对话、生成文本并回答复杂问题。ChatGPT还可以创建各种类型的内容，包括短篇小说、论文、菜单等。ChatGPT在语言和信息任务方面表现出色，但它也有一些限制。尽管ChatGPT有许多优点，但我们必须明智地使用它，避免失去关键技能和认知能力。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“ChatGPT is als a generative AI tl that can create varius types f cntent, including shrt stries, dctrate theses (论文), term papers, menus and mre. (ChatGPT也是一个生成AI工具，可以创建各种类型的内容，包括短篇小说、博士论文、学期论文、菜单等)可知，ChatGPT是一个为文本编辑而设计的人工智能工具。故选A。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“reactins that are against the right values (违背正确价值观的反应)”可知，that引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reactins，违背正确价值观的反应应该是“有害的”，划线处作定语修饰名词reactins，其含义应为“有害的”；结合选项，A. Beneficial有益的；B. Cmplicated复杂的；C. Harmful有害的；D. Precise精确的。划线处和选项C含义相近。故选C
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thugh AI tls can assist and enhance ur abilities, we must avid becming t dependent n them, as this dependence can cst us ur thinking abilities, critical skills and intellectual curisity, which are vitally imprtant fr lifelng learning and grwth. (虽然人工智能工具可以帮助和增强我们的能力，但我们必须避免过于依赖它们，因为这种依赖会让我们丧失思考能力、批判技能和求知心，而这些对终身学习和成长至关重要)”可知，ChatGPT的问题是过度依赖它可能会削弱人类的一些重要能力。故选D。
8．推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了聊天机器人ChatGPT的功能、局限以及人们应该合理地使用它，属于科技类的文章。由此推知，这段文字可能是从一本科技杂志上摘录的。故选B。
二、完形填空
When she first lked fr her wedding dress, Gwendlyn Stuglis had a budget r $1,000. After trying n several dresses, she was 9 a champagne-clred dress with lng sleeves by the salesclerk. “I gt 10 in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted,” she admitted. The nly 11 : it was triple her budget. After sme encuragement frm her mther-in-law, Stulgis 12 it. She explained, “Althugh I hadn’t enugh mney, that dress was 13 made fr me.” She wre the gwn with 14 when she became a Stulgis.
As mst brides d, she hung her wedding dress in her clset when the 15 was ver. Realizing the dress wuld be 16 if it cntinued t sit there, she decided t give it away. Stulgis turned t Facebk t search a 17 bride. In the pst, there were tw 18 : the bride must have their ceremny within three mnths and the dress must be 19 thers. Mre than 70 messages 20 int Stulgis’ mailbx immediately. Margaret Hyde had planned n making her wn dress befre she saw Stulgis’ Facebk 21 . She tld her sister-in-law, Alycia Ashley, that she wanted t enter but was 22 . S, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, 23 Hyde as the mst selfless persn she knew.
Stulgis was mved by Ashley’s 24 . On June 4, Hyde was tld she was chsen. “It was unbelievable,” she said 25 . Hyde prmised t fllw the traveling dress requests. After her pst, Stulgis 26 a Facebk grup called Shared Dream Dresses. Since June, 200 dresses have been given away. Stulgis’ cmmunity f bridal dnatins started with such a 27 emtin. She shared, “I want peple t feel like they are wrth smething. I want them t 28 their dress dreams withut wrrying abut buying ne. A dressing shuldn’t be kept in the clset.”
9．A．shwnB．dnatedC．awardedD．reminded
10．A．lightsB．tearsC．fearsD．trubles
11．A．priceB．drawbackC．catchD．decisin
12．A．acceptedB．fferedC．purchasedD．abandned
13．A．seriuslyB．frtunatelyC．dubtfullyD．cmpletely
14．A．expectatinB．dignityC．admiratinD．pride
15．A．receptinB．tradeC．ceremnyD．bargain
16．A．stredB．wastedC．ignredD．treasured
17．A．charmingB．suitableC．selflessD．kind
18．A．requestsB．levelsC．plansD．slutins
19．A．passed ntB．helped utC．devted tD．handed ver t
20．A．gatheredB．happenedC．fldedD．swelled
21．A．accuntB．applicatinC．cmmentD．pst
22．A．busyB．cnfidentC．utgingD．hesitant
23．A．describingB．treatingC．impressingD．directing
24．A．respnseB．dreamC．reactinD．message
25．A．secretlyB．excitedlyC．desperatelyD．eagerly
26．A．shelteredB．prmtedC．startedD．cllected
27．A．givingB．surprisingC．refreshingD．mving
28．A．designB．achieveC．updateD．cpy
【答案】
9．A 10．B 11．C 12．C 13．D 14．D 15．C 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．C 21．D 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕Gwendlyn Stuglis买婚纱的经历展开，讲述了Gwendlyn Stuglis因为自己的婚纱只穿了一次但又价格不菲，于是把自己的婚纱传递给其他准新娘，并在网上创建了一个组织，在这里人们可以让这些婚纱传递下去。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试穿了几件连衣裙后，售货员给她看了一件香槟色的长袖连衣裙。A. shwn展示；B. dnated捐赠；C. awarded奖励；D. reminded提醒。根据前文“After trying n several dresses”以及后文“a champagne- clred dress with lng sleeves by the salesclerk”可推知，Stulgis在试穿婚纱，试穿了几件后，售货员给她看了一件香槟色的长袖连衣裙。故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她承认：“我眼睛里含着泪水，因为这是我真正想要的裙子”。A. lights光；B. tears眼泪；C. fears害怕；D. trubles麻烦。根据后文“because it was the dress I really wanted”和准新娘试穿婚纱时的心情可推知，Stulgis看到真正想要的裙子会激动地流泪。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：唯一的困难：这是她预算的三倍。A. price价格；B. drawback缺点；C. catch隐藏的困难，暗藏的不利因素；D. decisin决定。根据后文“it was triple her budget”可知，这是她预算的三倍，此处指Stulgis认为这件婚纱价格昂贵，是购买它唯一的困难。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她婆婆的鼓励下，Stuglis买下了它。A. accepted接受；B. ffered提供；C. purchased购买；D. abandned放弃。根据前文“I gt ___2___ in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted”可知，这是Stulgis真正想要的婚纱，因此在婆婆鼓励下她购买了这件婚纱。故选C项。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她解释说：“虽然我没有足够的钱，但那条裙子完全是为我做的。”A. seriusly严重地；B. frtunately幸运地；C. dubtfully怀疑地；D. cmpletely完全地。根据前文“I gt ___2___ in my eyes because it was the dress I really wanted”可知，这是Stulgis真正想要的婚纱，此处指那条婚纱完全是为Stulgis做的。故选D项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她成为Stulgis家庭的一员时，她自豪地穿上了这件礼服。A. expectatin期望；B. dignity尊严；C. admiratin钦佩；D. pride自豪。根据前文“Althugh I hadn’t enugh mney, that dress was ___5___ made fr me.”可知，那件婚纱完全是为Stulgis做的，此处指她自豪地穿上了这件婚纱。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和大多数新娘一样，婚礼仪式结束后，她把婚纱挂在衣橱里。A. receptin接待处；B. trade贸易；C. ceremny仪式，典礼；D. bargain便宜货，交易。根据前文“As mst brides d, she hung her wedding dress in her clset when the”以及后文“was ver”可推知，婚礼仪式结束后，Stulgis把婚纱挂在衣橱里。故选C项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她意识到如果裙子继续放在那里就会浪费掉，于是决定把它送人。A. stred 储存；B. wasted浪费；C. ignred忽视；D. treasured珍惜。根据后文“she decided t give it away”可知，Stulgis决定把婚纱送人，此处指她意识到如果裙子继续放在那里就会浪费掉。故选B项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis在Facebk上寻找无私的新娘。A. charming有魅力的；B. suitable合适的；C. selfless无私的；D. kind善良的。根据后文“S, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ___15___ Hyde as the mst selfless persn she knew.”可知，Ashley给Stulgis发邮件说Hyde是她认识的最无私的人，因此Stulgis想在网上寻找的是无私的新娘。故选C项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，婚纱必须传给其他人。A. requests要求，请求；B. levels水平；C. plans计划；D. slutins解决方法。根据后文“Hyde prmised t fllw the traveling dress requests”可知，Hyde答应了两个要求，因此Stulgis在帖子中提了两个要求。故选A项。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在帖子中，有两个要求：新娘必须在三个月内举行婚礼，婚纱必须传给其他人。A. passed nt传递给；B. helped ut帮助；C. devted t奉献；D. handed ver t交给。根据后文“Hyde prmised t fllw the traveling dress requests.”可知，Hyde答应遵循要求，让婚纱传递下去，因此此处指把婚纱传递给其他人。故选A项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：70多条信息立即涌入Stulgis的邮箱。A. gathered聚集；B. happened发生；C. flded涌现；D. swelled膨胀。根据前文“Mre than 70 messages”和后文“int Stulgis’ mailbx”可推知，此处指70多条信息立即涌入Stulgis的邮箱，fld int为固定搭配，意为“涌入”。故选C项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Margaret Hyde在看到Stulgis在Facebk上的帖子之前，计划自己做一条裙子。A. accunt账户，解释；B. applicatin申请，应用；C. cmment评论；D. pst帖子。根据前文“In the pst, there were tw ___10___”可知，Stulgis在网络上发了帖子，此处指Hyde在看到这条帖子之前。故选D项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她告诉她的嫂子Alycia Ashley她想参加，但犹豫不决。A. busy忙碌的；B. cnfident自信的；C. utging外向的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据后文“S, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ___15___ Hyde as the mst selfless persn she knew.”可知，Hyde本人没有联系Stulgis，而是Ashley私下联系了Stulgis，由此推知Hyde想参加，但犹豫不决。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，Ashley秘密地给Stulgis发了邮件，说Hyde是她认识的最无私的人。A. describing描述；B. treating对待，处理；C. impressing留下深刻印象；D. directing指导。根据后文“Hyde as the mst selfless persn she knew”可推知，Ashley应该是把Hyde描述为她认识的最无私的人。故选A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis被Ashley的信息感动了。A. respnse回复；B. dream梦想；C. reactin反应；D. message信息。根据前文“S, Ashley secretly emailed Stulgis, ___15___ Hyde as the mst selfless persn she knew.”可知，Ashley秘密地给Stulgis发了邮件，此处是指Stulgis被Ashley的信息感动了。故选D项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“真是难以置信，”她兴奋地说。A. secretly秘密地；B. excitedly兴奋地；C. desperately绝望地；D. eagerly急切地，渴望地。根据前文“It was unbelievable”可知，Hyde觉得自己能得到婚纱很难以置信，此处是指她非常兴奋。故选B项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的帖子发布后，Stulgis在Facebk上成立了一个名为“共享梦幻婚纱”的团体。A. sheltered躲避；B. prmted促进，提升；C. started开创，成立；D. cllected收集。根据后文“a Facebk grup called Shared Dream Dresses”可推知，Stulgis成立了这个组织。故选C项。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Stulgis的新娘捐赠社区就是从这样一种给予的情感开始的。A. giving慷慨的，给予的；B. surprising令人吃惊的；C. refreshing使人精神振作的；D. mving令人感动的。根据前文Stulgis把自己的婚纱免费传递给其他有需要的新娘，然后成立专门的团体延续这份帮助他人的想法可推知，该捐赠团体是从给予的情感开始的。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们实现自己的婚纱梦想，而不用担心买一件。A. design设计；B. achieve实现；C. update更新；D. cpy复制。根据后文“their dress dreams withut wrrying abut buying ne”可推知，Stulgis想让其他新娘实现婚纱梦想，而不用担心买一件。故选B项。
拓展突破练
1. (2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇) It’s the nly Thai restaurant__________ ranks amng the tp 10 f the wrld’s 50 best restaurants list.
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它是唯一一家在世界50个最好的饭馆中排名前十的泰国饭馆。此句的先行词为Thai restaurant, 且被the nly修饰，当定语从句的先行词被the nly, the very修饰时，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用关系代词that。所以填that。
2. （2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇）Head Chef David Thmpsn, ____________ received a Michelin star fr his Lndn-based Thai restaurant f the same name, pened this branch in the Metrplitan Htel in 2010.
【答案】wh
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：主厨David Thmpsn因其位于伦敦的同名泰国餐厅而获得米其林星级，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店。定语从句的先行词为David Thmpsn, 在非限制性定语从句中作主语，只能填wh，所以填wh。
3. (2023年全国.甲卷.阅读理解A篇) Thai hme ffers a windw right int the kitchen, ___________ yu can see chef Gaggan and his staff in actin.
【答案】where
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：泰国的家提供了一扇通向厨房的窗户，从那里你可以看见主厨Gaggan和他的员工们在忙着。定语从句先行词为the kitchen，从句主谓宾结构完整，这里the kitchen在定语从句中做地点状语，所以填where。
4. (2023新课标全国II卷.阅读理解D篇) Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, ___________ helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them.
【答案】which
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。定语从句先行词为前面的句子,在定语从句中做主语，且此定语从句为非限制性定语从句，所以只能填which。
5. （2023新课标全国II卷. 阅读理解C篇）In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity __________ g beynd culture and time.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在艺术家对书籍和阅读的表现中，我们看到了超越文化和时间的共同人性时刻。先行词为mments，在定语从句中作主语，而且先行词指物，先行词并不特殊，所以可以用that或which。
6. （2023全国乙卷.阅读理解A篇）She mved t Virginia in 1865, ___________ she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1865年，她搬到佛吉尼亚州，在那里她为获得自由的奴隶提供医疗服务。先行词为Virginia, 在定语从句中做地点状语，所以填where。
7. （2023全国乙卷.阅读理解D篇）The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f ____________ appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made
【答案】whm
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：加勒比海的塔伊诺人、澳大利亚原住民、贝尼的非洲人和印加人，他们都出现在这本书中，他们最有力地通过他们制造的物品，向我们展示他们过去的成就。先行词The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, 先行词指人，定语从句部分all f 后面只能用whm。因为定语从句中规定，当介词提前，先行词指人时，用关系代词which；而介词提前，先行词指物时，用关系代词whm。所以填whm。
8. （2023北京高考.语法填空）Nina recently finished her year-lng series f runs in Chicag, ___________ thusands were attending a water cnference.
【答案】where
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。先行词为Chicag，在定语从句中做地点状语，所以填where。
9. (2023北京高考.阅读理解B篇) Prfessr Mary Devn, ___________ was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab
【答案】wh
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Mary Devn教授负责这个项目，她邀请我观察一下在她实验室里正在进行的工作。先行词为Prfessr Mary Devn,在定语从句中做主语，所以填wh。
10. （2023新高考全国I卷.阅读理解B篇）A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks __________ tiny creatures lived.
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常变得清澈。
先行词为rcks,在定语从句中做地点状语，指代n rcks, 所以填where。
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式
与主句之间不用逗号隔开
与主句之间一般用逗号隔开
位置
放在所修饰的先行词后
as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中或句尾
先行词
名词或名词性短语
名词、名词性短语或整个句子
引导词
所有的关系代词和关系副词
除that和why之外的关系代词和关系副词
功能
对先行词进行限定或修饰，去掉定语从句，剩余部分的意义不完整
对先行词作附加说明解释，去掉定语从句后，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整
翻译
常译成前置定语
常译成并列分句
关系代词as
关系代词which
不同点
位置
位于句首，句中，句尾
位于主句后
翻译
“正如……”
“这，那”
相同点
形式
需要用逗号