专题19 巧用独立主格 讲义+练习

这是一份专题19 巧用独立主格 讲义+练习，共10页。试卷主要包含了独立主格结构，使用独立结构改写下列句子等内容，欢迎下载使用。
独立主格结构 是由“名词（或代词）+现在分词（或过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语）”构成。在语法上，它是一个独立的短语，不是句子，但在意思上依附于整个句子。它在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况。它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。它主要用于书面语。
为什么会有独立主格结构？
在中文中，一句话可以有多个动词。例如：
我见到李老师，感到非常开心。
太阳当空照，花儿对我笑。
而在英文中，一句话只能有一个谓语动词。如果想表达两个动词，有以下四种写法：
写法一：拆成两个独立的句子
I saw Mr. Li. I felt happy.（我见到李老师。我感到非常开心。）
The sun is shining in the sky. The flwers are smiling t me.（太阳当空照。花儿对我笑。）
写法二：加连词并列
I saw Mr. Li and I felt happy.（我见到李老师，我感到非常开心。）
The sun is shining in the sky and the flwers are smiling t me.（太阳当空照，花儿对我笑。）
写法三：主从复合句
When I saw Mr. Li, I felt happy.（当我见到李老师时，我感到非常开心。）
The sun is shining in the sky while the flwers are smiling t me.（太阳当空照，花儿对我笑。）
写法四：非谓语
I saw Mr. Li, feeling happy.（我见到李老师，感到非常开心。）
The sun shining in the sky, the flwers smiling t me.（太阳当空照，花儿对我笑。）
或者：With the sun shining in the sky, the flwers smiling t me.（太阳当空照，花儿对我笑。）
注意：例句1的两个动词的主语都是“我”（主语相同）。而例句2中，照的主语是“太阳”，笑的主语是“花”（主语不同）。写法四的例句1的后半句是我们常见的非谓语作状语。写法四的例句2的前半句为独立主格结构。
二、独立主格结构
1． 名词/主格代词 + 现在分词
解释：逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，分词动作由逻辑主语发出，而非全句主语。
The girl staring at him, he didn't knw what t say.
（姑娘盯着他，他不知道说什么好。）
解释：这里，“The girl”是逻辑主语，“staring at him”是现在分词短语，表示正在进行的动作，修饰“the girl”。
Time permitting, we will g fr an uting tmrrw.
（如果时间允许，我们明天去郊游。）
解释：“Time”是逻辑主语，“permitting”是现在分词，表示条件，相当于“if time permits”。
Her heart still racing, she reached ver and turned up the il lamp.
（她的心还在狂跳，她伸手调亮了油灯。）
解释：“Her heart”是逻辑主语，“racing”是现在分词，表示伴随动作，说明她的心跳状态。
2． 名词/主格代词 + 过去分词
解释：逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者。
The prblems slved, the quality has been imprved.
（问题解决了，质量提高了。）
解释：“The prblems”是逻辑主语，“slved”是过去分词，表示被动完成的动作，相当于“after the prblems were slved”。
Her glasses brken, she culdn't see the wrds n the blackbard.
（眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。）
解释：“Her glasses”是逻辑主语，“brken”是过去分词，表示被动状态，说明眼镜损坏的事实。
The signal given, the train started.
（信号发出后，火车启动了。）
解释：“The signal”是逻辑主语，“given”是过去分词，表示被动动作，相当于“after the signal was given”。
3． 名词/主格代词 + 形容词
解释：常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或状态。
An air accident happened, nbdy alive.
（发生空难，无一生还。）
解释：“nbdy”是逻辑主语，“alive”是形容词，说明“nbdy”的状态，表示没有人幸存。
S many peple absent, the meeting had t be called ff.
（很多人缺席，会议不得不取消。）
解释：“S many peple”是逻辑主语，“absent”是形容词，说明状态，相当于“because s many peple were absent”。
He entered the rm, his nse red with cld.
（他进入房间，鼻子冻得通红。）
解释：“his nse”是逻辑主语，“red with cld”是形容词短语，说明“his nse”的状态。
4． 名词/主格代词 + 副词
解释：常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或状态。
He put n his sweater, wrng side ut.
（他把毛衣穿反了。）
解释：“wrng side ut”是副词短语，说明“put n his sweater”的状态，表示毛衣穿反了。
The meeting ver, they all went hme.
（会议结束，他们都回家了。）
解释：“The meeting”是逻辑主语，“ver”是副词，说明会议的状态，相当于“after the meeting was ver”。
Dinner ver, we decided t play bridge.
（晚饭结束，我们决定打桥牌。）
解释：“Dinner”是逻辑主语，“ver”是副词，说明晚饭的状态，相当于“after dinner was ver”。
5． 名词/主格代词 + 介词短语
解释：常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或状态。
The by ges t the classrm, bk in hand.
（男孩手里拿着书去教室。）
解释：“bk in hand”是介词短语，说明“the by”的状态，表示男孩手里拿着书。
The ld man std under a large tree, pipe in muth.
（老人站在大树下，嘴里含着烟斗。）
解释：“pipe in muth”是介词短语，说明“the ld man”的状态，表示老人嘴里含着烟斗。
A rbber burst int the rm, knife in hand.
（强盗手持钢刀冲进房间。）
解释：“knife in hand”是介词短语，说明“a rbber”的状态，表示强盗手里拿着刀。
6． 名词/主格代词 + 名词
解释：用于说明逻辑主语的特征或状态。
His first sht failure, he fired again.
（第一枪没击中，他又打了一枪。）
解释：“His first sht failure”说明“he fired again”的原因，表示第一次射击失败后，他再次射击。
Tw hundred peple died in the accident, many f them children.
（两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。）
解释：“many f them children”补充说明“Tw hundred peple”的特征，表示死者中有许多是儿童。
The dctr has tw daughters, ne a nurse, the ther an engineer.
（医生有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工程师。）
解释：“ne a nurse, the ther an engineer”说明“tw daughters”的具体身份。
7． 名词/主格代词 + 不定式（表示将来）
解释：名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，强调具体动作。
He is ging t make a mdel plane, sme ld parts t help.
（他要做一个飞机模型，借助一些旧零件。）
解释：“sme ld parts t help”表示目的，说明“sme ld parts”将被用来帮助制作飞机模型。
They said gd-bye t each ther, ne t g hme, the ther t g t the bkstre.
（他们道别后，一个回家，一个去书店。）
解释：“ne t g hme, the ther t g t the bkstre”说明两人分别的去向。
He suggested ging fr a picnic, Mary t prvide the fd.
（他建议去野餐，玛丽提供食物。）
解释：“Mary t prvide the fd”说明“ging fr a picnic”时，玛丽负责提供食物。
8． There being + 名词（代词）
解释：表示“存在……”的状态，用于说明原因。
There being nthing else t d, we went hme.
（没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。）
解释：“There being nthing else t d”表示原因，相当于“because there was nthing else t d”。
There being n further business, I declare the meeting clsed.
（没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。）
解释：“There being n further business”表示原因，说明会议结束的原因。
There being n bus, we had t walk hme.
（没有公交车，我们不得不步行回家。）
解释：“There being n bus”表示原因，说明步行回家的原因。
9． It being + 名词（代词）
解释：表示“由于……”的原因，常用于说明背景。
It being Christmas, the gvernment ffices were clsed.
（因为是圣诞节，政府机关都休息了。）
解释：“It being Christmas”表示原因，说明政府机关关闭的背景。
It being a hliday, all the shps were shut.
（因为是假日，所有商店都关门了。）
解释：“It being a hliday”表示原因，说明商店关门的背景。
It being Sunday, the library desn't pen.
（因为是星期天，图书馆不开放。）
解释：“It being Sunday”表示原因，说明图书馆不开放的背景。
三、使用独立结构改写下列句子
Her eyes brimmed with tears and she left.
【答案】(Her) eyes brimming with tears, she left.
The by std there and his face was rigid with anger.
【答案】The by std there, his face rigid with anger.
I clasped my hands behind me and I was t shcked t say a wrd.
【答案】I was t shcked t say a wrd, my hands clasped behind me.
A girl came in with a bk in her hand.
【答案】A girl came in, bk in hand.
The manager sat quietly in the ffice and his eyes were clsed.
【答案】The manager sat quietly in the ffice, (his ) eyes clsed.
They sat in the rm with the curtains drawn.
【答案】They sat in the rm, the curtains drawn.
Oliver jumped up and his face was bright red with anger.
【答案】His face bright red with anger, Oliver jumped up.
Linda leapt t her feet and her eyes was blazing with anger.
【答案】Linda leapt t her feet, her eyes blazing with anger.
As we hugged Ruth gd-bye, she said t me. Her tears was shining in her eyes.
【答案】As we hugged Ruth gd-bye, she said t me, tears shining in her eyes.
He cried and his blue eyes was shining behind his glasses.
【答案】He cried, his blue eyes shining behind his glasses.
综合演练：
Ten minutes t g and I culd lck the shp’s dr behind me. There were still a few custmers wh culdn’t decide what t buy. One lady tested all the lipsticks n the shelf. Her friend was busy with the sunglasses. They must be turists with lts f time n their hands. I had a fake smile glued n my face as I waited behind the cunter fr them t make up their minds. They walked ut withut buying anything. Then it was ten minutes past 5:00. They wasted my time.
Smetimes I wndered if this was really what life was abut. Wrking frm 8:00am t 5:00pm, I caught just a glimpse f the sunrise n my way t wrk every mrning. I wished I culd stand n that hill and wait fr the sun t rise. It felt like life was slipping thrugh my fingers and that I never enjyed the little things in life that wuld make me happy.
Ging hme after a day’s wrk wasn’t much relief. At hme, a family was waiting fr my attentin. While preparing dinner, I put the laundry in the washing machine and tk care f the pets. After dinner, it was time t wash the dishes while the rest f the family relaxed with their wn activities. I wished I culd d that, t.
My bdy was tired. My sul was tired. I culdn’t g n like this. It was my wn fault that I didn’t make time fr myself. I had spiled my family ver the years by ding everything by myself. N time fr a walk with the dg, n time t just sit n my wn and stare at nthing. Why shuld I be like this? I needed serius time fr myself, time t recharge my batteries and d things that wuld make me a better persn.
A family meeting was the first step. During the meeting, I explained why I was bad-tempered and asked them what they thught wuld slve the prblem. Everyne gt a turn t cme up with ideas fr hw they culd help me achieve my gal t have at least ne hur per day t d what I liked.
注意：
1、续写词数应为150左右；
2、请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
The family was pen t practical slutins.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A mnth has passed since the new rules in the huse began, and the plan is wrking perfectly.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
单句训练
这个家庭提出来实际的解决方案。

“让每个人都负责打扫自己的房间怎么样？””我建议。

“晚饭后轮流做饭、洗衣服和打扫卫生呢？”“他们的反应相当积极。

我创建了一张图表，上面有每周的日子、家务以及每天负责任的家庭成员的名字。

我已经看到我每天下班后都有一个小时。

众议院的新规定开始已经过去一个月了，这个计划进展顺利。

这给了我们更多的时间在一起，聊天和大笑。

我不再觉得自己陷入了激烈的竞争。

一个月以来，我已经和我的狗上山7公里，下班后看日落。

现在，我不介意顾客是否在关门的时候在商店里逗留。

我的微笑不再是假的了。因此，寻求帮助是我们所能做出的最勇敢的举动。

参考答案
【分析】本文以时间为线索展开，讲述了作者厌倦了每天上班下班包办家务的生活，她觉得自己应该成为更好的人。于是她召开了家庭会议，家人们表示会帮助她实现她的目标，让她每天至少有一小时的时间做自己喜欢的事情。一个月以后作者觉得自己变得快乐了，并领悟到学会寻求帮助是最勇敢的事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“家里愿意接受实际的解决办法。”可知，第一段可描写作者和家人们一起制定了具体的计划。
②由第二段首句内容“自房子里的新规定实施以来，一个月已经过去了，而且这个计划运行得很完美。”可知，第二段可描写作者在一个月后生活和心理上的积极变化。
2.续写线索：
制定计划——积极响应——列表——期待——变化——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①建议：suggest/advise
②获得：get/btain
③提供：give/ffer
情绪类
①积极：psitive/active
高分句型
1：It has given us mre time t spend tgether, chatting and laughing. (运用了现在分词作状语)
2：It fllws that asking fr help is the bravest mve we can make. (运用了动名词作主语)
单句训练
The family was pen t practical slutins.
“What abut having everyne be respnsible fr cleaning their wn rm?” I suggested.
“And what abut taking turns t ck, d laundry and clean up after dinner?” Their reactin was quite psitive.
I created a chart with the days f the week and the chres and with the name f the respnsible family member each day.
I was already t see that I wuld get an hur fr myself every day after wrk.
A mnth has passed since the new rules in the huse began, and the plan is wrking perfectly.
It has given us mre time t spend tgether, chatting and laughing.
I n lnger feel like I’m caught in the rat race.
Fr a mnth nw, I’ve been able t walk seven kilmeters up the hill with my dg and watch the sunset after wrk.
Nw, I dn’t mind if custmers are lingering in the shp when it’s time t lck the dr.
My smile is n lnger fake. It fllws that asking fr help is the bravest mve we can make.
范文：
The family was pen t practical slutins. “What abut having everyne be respnsible fr cleaning their wn rm?” I suggested. “And what abut taking turns t ck, d laundry and clean up after dinner?” Their reactin was quite psitive. I created a chart with the days f the week and the chres and with the name f the respnsible family member each day. I was already t see that I wuld get an hur fr myself every day after wrk.
A mnth has passed since the new rules in the huse began, and the plan is wrking perfectly. It has given us mre time t spend tgether, chatting and laughing. I n lnger feel like I’m caught in the rat race. Fr a mnth nw, I’ve been able t walk seven kilmeters up the hill with my dg and watch the sunset after wrk. Nw, I dn’t mind if custmers are lingering in the shp when it’s time t lck the dr. My smile is n lnger fake. It fllws that asking fr help is the bravest mve we can make.