2022届高考英语一轮复习语法专题9：独立主格结构

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习语法专题9：独立主格结构，共5页。试卷主要包含了 名词+现在分词， 名词+过去分词， 名词+不定式， 名词+形容词， 名词+副词， 名词+名词， 名词 +介词短语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
高中英语语法专题9：独立主格结构一．概述：独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二．独立主格结构基本构成形式：1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句①：The storm drawing near，all the people went home.The storm drawing near在句中做原因状语＝Since the storm was drawing near, all the people went home.由于暴风雨即将来临，所有人都回家了。例句②：Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. Winter coming在句中做伴随状语= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。我们自己造几个句子来巩固一下：①时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。Time permitting, I will go with you.   在该句子中，独立主格做的是条件状语，我们可以改写成：If time permits, I will go with you.②那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say. 在该句子中，独立主格做的是时间状语，我们可以改写成：As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 例句①：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.  他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。例句②：The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。我们自己造一个句子来巩固一下：工作完成后，他回家了。The work finished, he went back home. 在该句子中，独立主格做的是时间状语，我们可以改写成：   When the work was finished, he went back home. 3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。例句①：The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。例句②：Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。我们自己造几个句子来巩固一下：还有很多作业要做，我不能和你走。A lot of homework to do, I can’t go with you.在该句子中，独立主格做的是原因状语，我们可以改写为：Because a lot of homework has to be done, I can’t go with you.4. 名词(代词)+形容词例句①：Computers very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。例句②：He stood in the noon sunlight, the door open.他站在中午的太阳光下，门开着。5. 名词(代词)+副词例句①：The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。例句②：The lights off, we could not go on with the work.灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。6. 名词(代词)+名词例句①：His first shot failure, he fired again．他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。例句②：Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。7. 名词(代词) +介词短语例句①：The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。例句②：Her husband walked to her, a flower in his mouth.她老公朝她走过来，嘴里衔着一束花。 三．with，without 引导的独立主格结构：with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。例句①：The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）例句②：Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）例句③：The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）例句④：The boy was walking, with his father ahead.  父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词）例句⑤：He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语）例句⑥：With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）注意，在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。我们观察下面这几个例句：例句①：老师走进教室，胳膊下面夹了一本书。The teacher walked into the classroom, (with) a book under his arm.例句②：老师坐在椅子上，周围一群学生围着他。The teacher is sitting in the chair, (with) a group of students around him.例句③：由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。(With) the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.例句④：没有人知道她藏玩具的地点，这个小女孩感到很满意。Without anybody knowing the place she had hidden her toys, the little girl felt satisfied. 四．独立主格结构练习题：（一）单项选择1. With a lot of difficult problems __________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled             B. settling                    C. to settle                  D. being settled  2. The murderer was brought in, with his hands __________ behind his back. A. was tied           B. having tied              C. to be tied                D. tied3. __________, they will go and visit the zoo.A. Weather permitting                              B. Weather permittedC. Weather being permitted                      D. Weather having permitted4. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.A. going on               B. goes on                       C. went on                         D. to go on5. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons __________ for the day.A. finishing                  B. finished             C. had finished            D. were finished （二）语法填空6. _______ a lot of homework to do, Tom decided not to play football with his friends today.7. With the end of our flight _________ (approach), Jack asked us not to ask questions and keep quiet.8. The girl felt heart-breaking and didn’t know what to say with her hands _______ (put) on the man’s freezing face.9. He left the meeting room without a more word _______ (speak).10. The man stepped into the room slowly, his eyes ________ (stare) at the pretty girl.      参考解析单项选择：C    2. D    3. A    4. A    5. B语法填空：With    7. approaching    8. putting    9. spoken    10. staring