特训03 阅读理解说明文（名校模拟10篇）- 高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（北京专用）

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（2024上·北京东城·高三统考期末）Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future.
That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. But we shuld als be cautius, as new technlgies, such as AI, may be hard t cntrl.
AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins.
Actually, it’s beynd Earth that AI has the mst enrmus ptential. Humans may have established bases beynd Earth by the year 2100．But dn’t ever expect mass emigratin (移民) frm Earth. It’s a false belief that space ffers an escape frm ur prblems. Dealing with climate change n Earth is a piece f cake cmpared t terrafrming Mars.
Nevertheless, we shuld cheer n these brave human space adventurers. They’ll be ill-adapted t a Martian habitat, s they’ll have a super mtive t redesign themselves. It’s they, nt thse f us adapted t life n Earth, wh will pineer the pst-human era (时代).
If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe.
But let’s re fcus frm the science fictin f the far future. clser t the here and nw. This century is special. It’s the first, in Earth’s 4.5-billin-year histry where ne species-urs—hlds the planet’s future in its hands. Our intelligence culd initiate billins f years f pst-human evlutin (演化), even mre amazing than that which led t us. On the ther hand, humans culd cause bilgical, envirnmental r cyber catastrphes that freclse all this ptential.
If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide.
1．Why des the authr mentin the tw trends in the first paragraph?
A．T reply t gvernments’ decisins.B．T shw scientists’ predictin ability.
C．T present a call fr scientific advances.D．T highlight the challenges t scientists.
2．Accrding t this passage, AI can ______.
A．put an end t climate changeB．make mass human emigratin pssible
C．speed up the cmpetitin in medical fieldsD．bring abut ptential threats frm big cmpanies
3．As fr the future, what des the authr agree with?
A．Pst-humans will repeat the histry f humans.
B．Cmplex intelligence will dminate the universe.
C．Fully artificial intelligences may inhabit uter space.
D．Nn-bilgical brains may invite unfreseen disasters.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Culd AI Save Us?B．Will Science Lead Evlutin?
C．Arc Space Adventurers Pineers?D．Is Cmplex Intelligence Cming?
1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍随着人工智能的发展，科学并不能完全拯救我们人类。我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists are pr frecasters f the future. But tw trends can be cnfidently predicted. First, the wrld will get mre crwded. There’ll be mre than 9 billin peple by 2050. Secnd, the wrld will get warmer and sme gvernments wn’t priritise the lng-term measures needed t deal with climate change, even thugh science ffers us a radmap t a lw-carbn future. (科学家对未来的预测能力很差。但有两种趋势是可以自信预测的。首先，世界将变得更加拥挤。到2050年，人口将超过90亿。其次，世界将变暖，一些政府不会优先考虑应对气候变化所需的长期措施，尽管科学为我们提供了低碳未来的路线图。)”和第二段“That’s why we shuld be prmters f new technlgy—withut it the wrld can’t prvide the fd and sustainable energy needed fr an expanding ppulatin. (这就是为什么我们应该成为新技术的推动者——没有它，世界就无法为不断增长的人口提供所需的粮食和可持续能源。)”可知，作者在第一段中提到这两种趋势是为了呼吁大家发展科学新技术。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“AI will undubtedly becme mre intrusive in the future. Recrds f ur mvements, health and financial transactins will be stred in the clud. The data may be used fr justifiable reasns, such as prtein flding and drug develpment, r t warn us f initial health risks, but its availability t Internet cmpanies is already shifting the balance f pwer frm gvernments t glbal-scale crpratins. (毫无疑问，人工智能在未来会变得更具侵入性。我们的行动、健康和财务交易记录将存储在云端中。这些数据可能被用于正当的原因，如蛋白质折叠和药物开发，或者警告我们最初的健康风险，但互联网公司可以使用这些数据，已经将权力平衡从政府转移到全球规模的公司。)”可知，人工智能会使人类处于来自于全球规模的大公司的威胁。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第六段“If pst-humans make the shift frm flesh and bld t fully artificial intelligences, they wn’t need an atmsphere f even gravity, s it’s in deep space — nt even n Mars that nn bilgical “brains” may develp pwers that we can’t imagine. They may end up being mentally different frm us. AI culd jump-start a huge emigratin and thus even mre cmplex intelligence spreads thrugh the universe. (如果后人类从血肉之躯转变为完全人工智能，他们将不需要一个引力均匀的大气层，所以在深太空中——即使在火星上，非生物“大脑”也可能发展出我们无法想象的力量。他们最终可能会在精神上与我们不同。人工智能可能会引发巨大的移民潮，从而使越来越复杂的智能在宇宙中传播。)”可知，作者认为完全人工智能可能存在于外层空间。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“If science is t save us, we need t think glbally, sensibly and lng-term—empwered by science, but guided by values that science alne can’t prvide. (如果科学要拯救我们，我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。)”可知，本文主要介绍随着人工智能的发展，科学并不能完全拯救我们人类。我们需要从全球、理智和长期的角度进行思考——由科学赋予力量，但以科学本身无法提供的价值观为指导。故选A。
（2024上·北京东城·高三统考期末）When we’re slving a cmplicated prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne tiny wrinkle. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves — it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”), nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”), and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”). Gdbye diversity f thught, hell grupthink.
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. By develping and assessing ideas individually befre chsing them, teams can surface and advance pssibilities that might nt get attentin therwise.
Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. They find that a key t cllective intelligence is full and fair participatin. In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsided in favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and all vice s are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm — it’s t make the rm smarter.
Cllective intelligence begins with individual creativity. But it desn’t end there. Individuals prduce a greater vlume and variety f nvel ideas when they wrk alne. That means that they cme up with mre brilliant ideas than grups — but als mre terrible ideas than grups. It takes cllective judgment t find the signal in the nise and bring the best ideas t fruitin.
5．Bth Jhn Smith and the authr may agree that brainstrming meetings fail t ______.
A．assess humans ptentialB．simplify prblems quickly
C．accept pssible gd ideasD．get the mst ut f individuals
6．What des the underlined wrd “lpsided” in Paragraph 5 mst prbably mean?
A．Infrmal.B．Unbalanced.C．Imprper.D．Unpleasant.
7．The authr writes this passage mainly t ______.
A．challenge a cnclusinB．make a cmparisn
C．advcate a practiceD．intrduce a research
5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we’re unlikely t maximize cllective intelligence. As the humurist Jhn Smith said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved, and never will achieve, its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: ‘meetings’.”(大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们不太可能最大化集体智慧。正如幽默作家约翰·史密斯所说：“如果你必须用一个词来说明人类没有、也永远不会实现其全部潜力的原因，这个词就是：‘会议’。”)”可知，约翰·史密斯和作者可能都同意，头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t becme lpsidedin favur f the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. (在头脑风暴会议中，参与很容易变得lpsided，有利于最自负、最响亮的声音和最有权势的人)”可知，头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易倾向于最自负、声音最大和最有权势的人，即变得不平衡。故划线词意思是“不平衡的”。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we’re better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. (为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好不要进行头脑风暴，而是转向一种叫做“头脑写作”的过程)”以及倒数第二段“Research by rganizatinal behaviur schlar Anita Wlley and her clleagues helps t explain why this methd wrks. (组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效)”结合文章主要说明了头脑风暴会议不能最大限度地发挥个人的潜能，建议通过“头脑写作”来挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，并说明了这一方法有效的原因。可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了提倡一种做法。故选C。
（2024上·北京顺义·高三统考期末）Brders, departments, r issue areas all represent what systems analysts call system bundaries. System bundaries divide the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. Fr instance, a decarbnizing cuntry will spend mney in its energy and transprtatin sectrs and save mney in its health system.
Decarbnizatin culd be a win fr the whle, but it might be experienced as a bther fr particular subsystems.
Dnella Meadws, the early systems mdeler, wrte that system bundaries are “lines in the mind, nt in the wrld.” And that is actually gd news. If departments, and disciplines are just ideas, then there is nthing immvable abut them. We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them. We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving — using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce.
Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3.90 fr every $1 invested.
Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. Yet, it is very much the exceptin, nt the rule. Why is multislving still s rare when it has the pwer t bst prgress n sme f the mst urgent issues we face?
Unfamiliarity stands in the way, as des an ften-unexamined assumptin that making issues smaller makes them easier t address. We ften hear the viewpint, “I already wrk n pverty (r climate, etc.) and that’s hard enugh. Why shuld I add bidiversity r pllutin t the mix?” Fundraising fr crssing brders can be a struggle t. Funders want the “visible results” shwn, but they dn’t always see crssing brders as an essential part f achieving thse results.
It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change.
8．As fr systems bundaries, the authr is ______.
A．criticalB．puzzledC．supprtiveD．uncncerned
9．What des the wrd “premise” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Predictin.B．Precnditin.C．Preventin.D．Presentatin.
10．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．Peple are familiar with multislving.
B．WUNZ perfrmed multislving successfully.
C．Raising mney helps t prduce visible results.
D．Multislving is widely used t address prblems.
11．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Multislving: Hard t achieve sn
B．Multislving: Essential t slve small issues
C．Multislving: Cnducting partnership acrss brders
D．Multislving: Making systems whle, healthy, and sustainable
8．A 9．B 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了多解决方案的必要性，即使系统完整、健康和可持续。
8．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“System bundaries divide, the big, messy, intercnnected wrld int smaller subsystems. This is useful, even necessary. Our minds and ur cllective gvernance systems wuld be stuck if we had t always cnsider all the cnnectins f everything t everything else. But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. (系统边界划分。庞大、混乱、相互联系的世界变成了更小的子系统。这是有用的，甚至是必要的。如果我们必须总是考虑所有事物与其他事物之间的联系，我们的思想和我们的集体治理系统就会被卡住。但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性)”可知，作者认为系统边界划分是有用的，甚至是必要的，但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性，所以作者的态度是批判性的。故选A。
9．词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. (我们甚至可以重新绘制它们，以便在单个项目或投资中包含更多重要的内容)”以及“using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce (使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标)”可知，使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标，这是多重解决的前提。A. Predictin预测；B. Precnditin前提条件；C. Preventin预防；D. Presentatin介绍。故选B。
10．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Fr instance, Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ) upgraded the energy efficiency f residential buildings and prvided jbs in the building sectr after a financial dwnturn. The prject resulted in better health fr residents, as well. That translated int health systems savings. Taken tgether, a 2011 study estimated that acrss all these benefits, the prject saved $3. 90 fr every $1 invested. (例如，Warm Up New Zealand (WUNZ)提升了住宅建筑的能源效率，并在金融危机后为建筑行业提供了就业机会。该项目还改善了居民的健康状况。这转化为卫生系统的节省。2011年的一项研究估计，综合所有这些好处，该项目节省了3美元。每1美元投资90美元)”可知，WUNZ成功执行了多重解决方案。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“But dividing systems int subsystems can smetimes break a natural cperativity. (但是将系统划分为子系统有时会破坏自然的协作性)”、第三段中“We can make these brders less bvius and cnduct partnerships acrss them.We can even redraw them t include mre f what matters in a single prject r investment. That’s the premise f multislving—using ne investment f time r effrt t achieve several gals at nce. (我们可以使这些边界不那么明显，并在它们之间开展伙伴关系。我们甚至可以重新绘制它们，以便在单个项目或投资中包含更多重要的内容。这是多重解决的前提——使用一次时间或精力的投入来同时实现多个目标)”、第五段中“Multislving seems pssible everywhere and like an bvius chice. (多重解法似乎在任何地方都是可行的，是一个显而易见的选择)”、最后一段“It is easy t devalue and underemphasize cnnectin-building. After all, it can be delicate and nt always visible. But t realize gals in tday’s wrld, frm equitable plicies and lw-carbn facilities t values like cperatin and fairness, we d need deep shifts, and we need them sn. And facilitating the flw f ideas back and frth acrss brders is ne way t speed change. (人们很容易低估和低估建立联系的重要性。毕竟，它可以是微妙的，并不总是可见的。但要实现当今世界的目标，从公平的政策和低碳设施，到合作和公平等价值观，我们确实需要深刻的转变，而且需要尽快。促进思想的跨境流动是加速变革的一种方式)”可知，本文主要介绍了多解决方案的必要性，即使系统完整、健康和可持续。故选D。
（2024上·北京西城·高三统考期末）The release f ChatGPT has caused mre than a little wrry abut its ability t prduce credible pieces f writing. “The Cllege Essay Is Dead, ” sme peple declared. That’s unlikely. There are bvius wrkarunds. Fr example, students wuldn’t benefit frm ChatGPT if they were required t write ut essays by hand.
A return t handwritten essays culd benefit students in a way. Fr instance, neurscience research has revealed that the act f handwriting is very different frm punching letters n a keybard. Handwriting requires precise mtr skills that stimulate greater activity in a brader grup f brain regins when cmpared with typing and engage the brain in ways that researchers have linked t learning and memry imprvements. Handwriting frces thse areas respnsible fr memry and learning t cmmunicate with each ther, which helps frm netwrks that facilitate the recall and acquisitin f new infrmatin.
Much f the research has fcused n children r yunger students. But there’s evidence that, even fr lder students and adults, cmpleting assignments in lnghand is a mre cgnitively (认知地) invlved prcess, leading t better prcessing f ideas and mre riginal wrk. Meanwhile, research n freign-language learners has fund that handwriting is assciated with imprvements in sme measure f accuracy and cmprehensin. Handwriting requires yu t put a filter n what yu’re prducing in a way that typing desn’t. When yu’re writing by hand, yu need t knw what yu want t say befre yu begin. If yu dn’t, yu’ll have t crss things ut r start ver. Typing n a cmputer requires far less frethught. It is less challenging fr the brain-and challenging the brain is central t educatin itself.
A return t handwritten essays wuldn’t be easy n teachers, wh might have t reduce the length f assignments r allcate (分配) extra class time fr cmpletin. They’d als have the burden f reading text that wasn’t neatly turned ut by a wrd prcessr. But sme might find all that preferable t being cnstantly suspicius (猜疑的) that they’re being utsmarted by a cmputer prgram.
When health issues frced the German philspher Friedrich Nietzsche t abandn his pen in favr f a typewriter, a change ccurred in his writing style, which ne schlar later described as a departure frm “sustained argument and prlnged reflectin” t a “telegram style. ” Our writing tls wrk n ur thughts. Ensuring that tday’s students have mre than ne writing tl might pay ff in ways experts are nly beginning t grasp. ChatGPT and ther AI-pwered technlgies will win nly if we agree t play n their hme territry.
16．Hw can handwriting benefit students?
A．It enhances brain engagement.
B．It guarantees accurate cmprehensin.
C．It creates netwrks fr cmmunicatin.
D．It facilitates the assessment f infrmatin.
17．What des the underlined phrase “put a filter n” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Carefully screen.B．Passively accept.
C．Objectively assess.D．Gradually discver.
18．What factr may lead teachers t resist the idea f handwritten assignments?
A．The risk f weakened cncentratin.
B．The fear f being utsmarted by AI.
C．The truble f marking untidy wrk.
D．The cntent f handwritten essays.
19．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cllege educatin will be refrmed by ChatGPT
B．Handwriting will replace typing due t ChatGPT
C．Handwritten essays can help teachers defeat ChatGPT
D．Cllege teachers return t lnghand t battle ChatGPT
16．A 17．A 18．C 19．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。ChatGPT的发布引起了人们对其撰写可信文章的能力的担忧，在某种程度上，手写论文的回归可能对学生有益，这有助于老师打败ChatGPT。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Handwriting requires precise mtr skills that stimulate greater activity in a brader grup f brain regins when cmpared with typing and engage the brain in ways that researchers have linked t learning and memry imprvements.(手写需要精确的运动技能，与打字相比，它能在更广泛的大脑区域激发更大的活动，并以研究人员认为与学习和记忆改善有关的方式调动大脑)”可知，书写能增强大脑的参与。故选A项。
17．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Meanwhile, research n freign-language learners has fund that handwriting is assciated with imprvements in sme measure f accuracy and cmprehensin. Handwriting requires yu…(与此同时，对外语学习者的研究发现，书写与提高某种程度的准确性和理解力有关。书写要求你……)”及后文“in a way that typing desn’t. When yu’re writing by hand, yu need t knw what yu want t say befre yu begin. If yu dn’t, yu’ll have t crss things ut r start ver. Typing n a cmputer requires far less frethught.(在某种程度上，打字是做不到的。当你手写的时候，你需要在开始之前知道你想说什么。如果你不这样做，你将不得不划掉一些东西或重新开始。在电脑上打字需要的预见性要少得多)”可知，书写要求在写之前要想清楚，而打字是不需要的，put a filter n与carefully screen意思相近，意思为：仔细筛选，过滤。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“A return t handwritten essays wuldn’t be easy n teachers, wh might have t reduce the length f assignments r allcate extra class time fr cmpletin. They’d als have the burden f reading text that wasn’t neatly turned ut by a wrd prcessr.(对老师来说，回到手写论文的时代并不容易，他们可能不得不减少作业的长度或分配额外的课堂时间来完成作业。他们还得负担阅读文字处理软件处理得不整齐的文本)”可知，老师们抵制手写作业的想法可能是因为给不整齐的作业做标记太麻烦。故选C项。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The release f ChatGPT has caused mre than a little wrry abut its ability t prduce credible pieces f writing.(ChatGPT的发布引起了人们对其撰写可信文章的能力的担忧)”；文章第二段“A return t handwritten essays culd benefit students in a way.(在某种程度上，手写论文的回归可能对学生有益)”；文章倒数第二段“But sme might find all that preferable t being cnstantly suspicius that they’re being utsmarted by a cmputer prgram.(但有些人可能会发现，这一切都比一直怀疑自己被电脑程序打败要好)”和文章最后一段“Our writing tls wrk n ur thughts. Ensuring that tday’s students have mre than ne writing tl might pay ff in ways experts are nly beginning t grasp. ChatGPT and ther AI-pwered technlgies will win nly if we agree t play n their hme territry.(我们的写作工具作用于我们的思想。确保今天的学生拥有不止一种写作工具，可能会以专家们刚刚开始掌握的方式获得回报。只有当我们同意在ChatGPT和其他人工智能技术的主场比赛时，它们才会获胜)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了手写论文比起用ChatGPT来创作论文的好处，文章鼓励学生用手写论文，C项“手写论文可以帮助老师打败ChatGPT”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。
（2024上·北京顺义·高三统考期末）I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger.
Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回声) t sense what’s arund them.
But taking in t many signals can create a “waterfall type f effect,” where messages keep flding in and adding up. Eventually, yu’re underwater. Adding t the disrder, withut a standard rule, peple have very different ideas abut grup nrm and what degree f respnsiveness is required—which can cause real tensin.
Fear f that tensin can make wrdless r even leaving a chat feel dispiriting. And anyway, yu might nt want t miss ut. The desire isn’t t exit the rm s much as t break a windw. If grup messaging is like echlcatin, then discnnecting means lst.
Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right?
20．The authr uses his experience in Paragraph 1 t _______.
A．intrduce the tpicB．predict the ending
C．highlight an pininD．illustrate an argument
21．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．Lnely peple prefer grup chats.B．Bats and dlphins have grup chats.
C．Grup chats ffer a sense f belnging.D．Grup chats create a few part-time jbs.
22．What des the writer intend t tell us?
A．Grup chat needs a standard rule.
B．Grup chat gives us mre fear than jy.
C．Grup chat helps prmte strng cnnectin.
D．Grup chat is just a way t maintain relatinships.
20．A 21．C 22．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了群发短信的原因和影响，以及人们应该怎样处理这种情况。
20．推理判断题。由文章第一段“I lve a grup text—a grext, if yu’ll permit me—but lately, the huge number f them cmpeting fr my attentin has felt ut f cntrl. By the time I wake up, the ntificatins have already started rlling in; as I’m ging t bed, they’re still cming. In between, I try t keep up, but all it takes is ne 30-minute meeting befre I’ve smehw gtten 100 new messages. I scrll up and up, trying t find where I left ff, like I’ve lst my place in a bk that keeps getting lnger. (我喜欢群发短信——如果你允许的话，我很喜欢群发短信——但最近，大量群发短信争夺我的注意力让我感觉失去了控制。当我醒来的时候，通知已经开始滚滚而来。就在我上床睡觉的时候，它们还在来。在此期间，我试着跟上进度，但只需要开一个30分钟的会，我就能收到100条新信息。我向上滚动，试图找到我停下来的地方，就像我在一本越来越长的书中失去了我的位置。)”可知，作者利用他在第一段中的经验介绍本文话题。故选A。
21．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Fr better r fr wrse, we might be in the Age f the Grup Chat. One study fund that less than 2 percent f participants had nly ne-n-ne chats n scial media. 42 percent said that grup chats can feel like a part-time jb. Other studies have fund that grup chats can cntribute t grup bnd and shared fun. A grup text can be like a reminder that yu’re part f smething. Sme researchers call this “ambient virtual presence”: Even when yu’re alne, yu’re nt alne. This is like bats and dlphins prducing a cntinuus sund and use the resulting ech (回声) t sense what’s arund them. (不管是好是坏，我们可能正处于群聊时代。一项研究发现，只有不到2%的参与者只在社交媒体上进行一对一的聊天。42%的人表示，群聊感觉就像一份兼职工作。其他研究发现，群聊可以促进群体联系，分享乐趣。群短信可以提醒你，你是某个群体的一部分。一些研究人员称之为“环境虚拟存在”：即使你独自一人，你也不孤单。这就像蝙蝠和海豚发出连续的声音，并利用所产生的回声来感知周围的事物。)”可知，从第2段可以推断出群聊提供了一种归属感。故选C。
22．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Ultimately, mst f us d want cnnectin, even if it invlves sme duties; we’ll take quantities f messages when we’re busy if it means we can reach ut when we’re hurting. A general advice is t give up grexts that are carrying n but that dn’t really interest yu. But when yu can’t, yu’ll just have t accept that belnging takes sme effrt. That’s the nature f relatinships, right? (最终，我们大多数人都想要联系，即使这涉及到一些责任；当我们很忙的时候，我们会接受大量的信息，如果这意味着我们可以在受伤的时候伸出援手。一般的建议是放弃那些正在进行但你并不真正感兴趣的群聊。但当你做不到的时候，你就不得不接受归属感需要一些努力。这就是关系的本质，对吧？)”可知，作者想要告诉我们群聊只是维持关系的一种方式。故选D。
（2024上·北京房山·高三统考期末）A quick increase f dpamine (多巴胺) shifts mice int a dreamy stage f sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-mvement sleep, r REM, researchers reprt in the March 4 Science.
These new results are sme f the first t shw a trigger fr the shifts. Understanding these transitins in mre detail culd ultimately pint t ways t treat sleep disrders in peple.
Certain nerve cells in the ventral tegmental area f the muse brain can pump ut dpamine, a mlecule that has been linked t pleasure, mvement and learning, which is then delivered dpamine t the amygdalae, tw almnd-shaped structures deep in the brain that are clsely tied t emtins.
Using a mlecular sensr that can tell exactly when and where dpamine is released, the researchers saw that dpamine levels rse in the amygdalae just befre mice shifted frm nn-REM sleep t REM sleep.
Next, the researchers frced the mice int the REM phase by cntrlling thse dpamine-prducing nerve cells using lasers and genetic techniques. Cmpelled with light, the nerve cells released dpamine in the amygdalae while mice were in nn-REM sleep. The mice then shifted int REM sleep sner than they typically did, after an average f abut tw minutes cmpared with abut eight minutes fr mice that weren’t prmpted t release dpamine. Stimulating these cells every half hur increased the mice’s ttal amunt f REM sleep.
Additinal experiments suggest that these dpamine-making nerve cells may als be invlved in aspects f narclepsy (嗜睡症). A sudden lss f muscle tne, called cataplexy, shares features with REM sleep and can accmpany narclepsy. Stimulating these dpamine-making nerve cells while mice were awake caused the mice t stp mving and fall directly int REM sleep.
The results help clarify a trigger fr REM in mice; whether a similar thing happens in peple isn’t knwn. Earlier studies have fund that nerve cells in peple’s amygdalae are active during REM sleep.
Many questins remain. Drugs that change dpamine levels in peple dn’t seem t have big effects n REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whle brain, and it’s pssible that they are just nt selective enugh.
23．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．Peple with sleep disrders culd benefit frm the research.
B．Dpamine is generated in tw almnd-shaped structures.
C．Dpamine levels rse after mice shifted t REM sleep.
D．An increase f dpamine can trigger REM in peple.
24．The underlined wrd “they” in the last paragraph refers t ______.
A．the entire brain
B．REM sleep and cataplexy
C．drugs affecting dpamine levels
D．peple suffering frm sleep disrders
25．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce tw stages f sleep f all animals.
B．T explain dpamine as a trigger fr REM in mice.
C．T present a new way t cure sleep disrders in peple.
D．T prpse a pineer research interest in brain structure.
23．A 24．C 25．B
【导语】本文是一片说明文。主要解释了多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器，并研究表明这可能有助于理解和治疗人类的睡眠障碍。
23．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Understanding these transitins in mre de tail culd ultimately pint t ways t treat sleep disrders in peple. (更多地了解这些转变，最终可以指出治疗人们睡眠障碍的方法。)”可知，了解这种转变的细节可能最终会为治疗人类的睡眠障碍提供方法，即患有睡眠障碍的人可以从这项研究中受益。故选A项。
24．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“Drugs that change dpamine levels in peple dn’t seem t have big effects n REM sleep and cataplexy. But these drugs affect the whle brain, and it’s pssible that they are just nt selective enugh. (改变人体多巴胺水平的药物似乎对快速眼动睡眠和猝倒没有太大影响。但这些药物会影响整个大脑，而且它们可能只是选择性不够。)”可知，they指代的是影响多巴胺水平的药物，故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A quick increase f dpamine (多巴胺) shifts mice int a dreamy stage f sleep. In the mice’s brains, the chemical messenger triggers rapid-eye-mvement sleep, r REM, researchers reprt in the March 4 Science. (多巴胺的快速增加使小鼠进入梦幻般的睡眠阶段。研究人员在3月4日的《科学》杂志上报告说，在小鼠的大脑中，化学信使会触发快速眼动睡眠（REM）。)”及第二段“These new results are sme f the first t shw a trigger fr the shifts. (这些新结果是最早显示转变触发因素的。)”可知，文章的主要目的是解释多巴胺如何成为小鼠REM睡眠的触发器因素，故选B项。
（2024上·北京昌平·高三统考期末）Drught is an increasing prblem in ur warming wrld. All cntinents have been experiencing mre extended perids withut rain, leading t frest fires and pr crp grwth. Cnsequently, peple are lking at clud seeding t slve the prblem — a methd f encuraging precipitatin (降水) by sending small particles f certain chemicals int cluds.
Clud-seeding expert Arlen Huggins has been studying its effectiveness. “My earliest experience was t use clud seeding t reduce the amunt f hail (冰雹) in nrtheast Clrad. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later n in increasing snwfall in Utah. Nw, the fcus is shifting twards increasing rainfall frm summer cluds, which is far mre unpredictable.” said he.
The prblem is that it’s pretty hard t knw whether precipitatin resulted directly frm clud seeding. It might have rained r snwed anyway. Even if yu clud seed in ne place and dn’t in anther, it’s impssible t knw fr sure what caused the precipitatin. Als, it’s nt during fggy and snwy cnditins that peple think f increasing the chance f rainfall. When a cuntry is hit by drught, then clud seeding isn’t an ptin due t the lack f cluds. During drught, skies tend t be clear with few cluds. The best ptin t prevent drught is t seed at times f the year when rainfall levels are nrmal r higher. That way, slightly mre rain can be stred the dry seasn.
As clud seeding is expensive and its effectiveness tenuus, its usefulness is still a matter f pinin. University f Clrad researcher Katja Friedrich says clud seeding can’t end a drught. Hwever, it can be beneficial, prvided it ccurs alngside ther water cnservatin strategies. Still, fr that t happen, the water wuld need t be captured and stred effectively.
There are als envirnmental issues regarding the impact f clud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent int the cluds can harm humans and ther animals, and sme studies have fund them slightly pisnus. Apart frm that, sme envirnmentalists are cncerned abut the lng-term impacts, as there isn’t data n hw much thse chemicals accumulate (累积) in the envirnment ver 10 years.
Anther fear is that clud seeding culd ptentially steal water frm neighburing areas by encuraging the water in cluds that wuld therwise fall smewhere else t fall in yur lcatin. If ne cuntry uses clud seeding t create rain, a neighburing cuntry will als be very likely t lse ut because cluds are cnstantly frming and refrming.
26．In Huggins’ study, at first clud seeding was used t .
A．increase annual snwfall in Utah
B．send chemicals int summer cluds
C．lwer the amunt f hail in Clrad
D．put ut frest fires and help crps grw
27．What des the underlined wrd tenuus in the furth paragraph prbably mean?
A．Negative.B．Weak.C．Surprising.D．Varius.
28．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Shuld we seed cluds t make rain?
B．Shuld we seed cluds at a lwer price?
C．Can clud seeding help end a drught?
D．Can clud seeding be mre ec-friendly?
26．C 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“My earliest experience was t use clud seeding t reduce the amunt f hail (冰雹) in nrtheast Clrad. We didn’t have any luck with that, but we had success later n in increasing snwfall in Utah. (我最早的经验是在科罗拉多东北部使用人工降雨来减少冰雹的数量。我们没有任何运气，但后来我们成功地在犹他州增加了降雪量。)”可知，Huggins的研究中，人工降雨最初是被用来减少科罗拉多冰雹的数量。故选C。
27．词句猜测题。根据前文“As clud seeding is expensive (因为人工降雨是昂贵的)”以及划线词后面的内容“its usefulness is still a matter f pinin. (它的用处仍然是一个意见问题。)”可知，此处强调人工降雨是昂贵的即人工降雨的缺点，划线词应该表述人工降雨效果不佳的特征，才能与前文构成并列，由此引发人们对其用处的争议。B选项“Weak(微弱的，无影响力的)”与划线词为同义词。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。结合倒数第二段“There are als envirnmental issues regarding the impact f clud seeding. At high levels, the chemicals sent int the cluds can harm humans and ther animals, and sme studies have fund them slightly pisnus. Apart frm that, sme envirnmentalists are cncerned abut the lng-term impacts, as there isn’t data n hw much thse chemicals accumulate (累积) in the envirnment ver 10 years.(此外，人工降雨还会对环境造成影响。高浓度的化学物质会对人类和其他动物造成伤害，一些研究发现它们有轻微的毒性。除此之外，一些环保主义者担心长期影响，因为没有数据表明这些化学物质在10年内在环境中积累了多少。)”和最后一段“Anther fear is that clud seeding culd ptentially steal water frm neighburing areas by encuraging the water in cluds that wuld therwise fall smewhere else t fall in yur lcatin. If ne cuntry uses clud seeding t create rain, a neighburing cuntry will als be very likely t lse ut because cluds are cnstantly frming and refrming.(另一个担忧是，人工降雨可能会促使原本会落在其他地方的云中的水落到你所在的位置，从而潜在地从邻近地区窃取水分。如果一个国家使用人工降雨，其邻国也很可能会损失，因为云在不断形成和变化。)”，再通读全文，本文主要讨论了干旱成为全球变暖环境下的一个严重问题，而“人工降雨”被认为是解决干旱问题的一种方法。然而，人工降雨的效果难以确定，并且存在环境问题和水资源分配问题。因此，虽然云雾处理可能会在一些条件下对缓解干旱有一定益处，但其实用性和可行性仍有待讨论。A选项“Shuld we seed cluds t make rain?( 我们应该使用人工降雨吗？)”概括文章主要内容，符合标题。故选A。
（2024上·北京丰台·高三统考期末）T Much Infrmatin
Cmputer hackers, in rder t get mre secret infrmatin, cnstantly imprve at breaking int cyberdefenses (网络防御系统) t steal valuable dcuments. S sme researchers prpse using an artificial-intelligence algrithm (算法) t hpelessly cnfuse them, nce they break in, by hiding the real deal in a muntain f misleading dcuments and infrmatin.
The algrithm, called Wrd Embedding-based Fake Online Repsitry Generatin Engine (WE-FORGE), creates decys f patents under develpment. If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. This culd mean checking each recipe in detail-and perhaps investing in a few dead-end nes. “The name f the game here is, ‘Make it harder, ” explains V. S Subrahmanian, its develper, Dartmuth Cllege Cyber Security researcher. “Pain thse stealing frm yu. ”
Subrahmanian says he tackled this prject after reading that cmpanies are unaware f new kinds f cyberattacks fr an average f 312 days after they begin. “Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”
The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.
The system prduces cnvincing traps by searching thrugh a dcument fr key wrds. Fr each ne it finds, it calculates a list f related cncepts and replaces the riginal term with ne chsen at randm. The prcess can prduce dzens f dcuments that cntain n patent infrmatin but still lk credible. Subrahmanian and his team asked cmputer science and chemistry graduates t evaluate real and false patents frm their respective fields. And the humans fund the WE-FORGE-created dcuments highly believable.
WE-FORGE might eventually expand its bundary. Bth Subrahmanian and Tbac think this research will attract cmmercial interest. “I culd definitely see an rganizatin investing in this type f prduct, ” Tbac says. “If this creates believable decys withut releasing sensitive details within thse traps, then I think yu’ve gt a huge with there. ”
29．What des the underlined wrd “decys” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Misleading dcuments.
B．Original terms.
C．Cmputer perating systems.
D．Cyber securities.
30．In Paragraph 3, what Subrahmanian says indicates ______.
A．the greediness f hackers
B．the wealth f the cmpanies
C．the unreliability f the netwrk
D．the variety f intellectual prperty
31．What can we learn abut WE-FORGE?
A．It will sund alarm upn being perated.
B．It is prfitable fr the users by aviding their lss.
C．It has attracted investrs fr its applicatin in many fields.
D．It can cmpse irrelevant cncepts in the false dcuments.
29．A 30．A 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种人工智能算法(WE-FORGE)，该算法能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，从而迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失。
29．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“If hackers were after, say, the recipe fr a new drug, they wuld have t find the relevant needle in a sea f false dcuments. (比如说，如果黑客在寻找一种新药的配方，他们将不得不在虚假文件中大海捞针)”可知，该算法(WE-FORGE)能够产生黑客盗取文件的伪造文件，将真实文件隐藏在堆积如山的伪造文件中，混淆视听，故划线词指的是那些误导黑客的文件。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Hackers have almst a year t decamp with all ur dcuments, patents and intellectual prperty, ”he says. “They have stlen almst everything. It’s nt just the crwn jewels-it’s the crwn jewels, and the jewels f the cleaning lady, and the watch f the secretary!”(他说：“黑客有将近一年的时间带着我们所有的文件、专利和知识产权潜逃。他们几乎偷走了所有东西。不仅是皇冠上的珠宝，还有皇冠上的宝石，还有清洁女工的珠宝，以及秘书的手表！”)”可知，Subrahmanian的话表明黑客无所不偷，非常贪婪。故选A项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The dcuments prduced by WE-FORGE culd als act as hidden traps t cnfuse hackers, says Rachel Tbac, CEO f ScialPrf Security. These dcuments might alert security when accessed. Cmpanies have typically used human-created false cpies fr this strategy. But nw the algrithm is able t d that fr us.(ScialPrf Security首席执行官Rachel Tbac表示，WE-FORGE制作的文件也可能成为迷惑黑客的隐藏陷阱。访问这些文档时，可能会向安全部门发出警报。公司通常使用人为创建的虚假副本来实现这一策略。但现在算法能够为我们做到这一点)”可知，WE-FORGE制作的文件可以迷惑黑客，避免用户的损失，这对于用户来说是有益的。故选B项。
（2024上·北京昌平·高三统考期末）What des it mean t be intelligent? If it’s defined by having the biggest brain, then sperm whales—whse brain is 20 punds—wuld be the brightest creatures n Earth. But, mre likely, intelligence is what gives an rganism the best chance t survive in an envirnment. Language may be ne f the best ways t demnstrate that kind f smarts. Thugh all animals can cmmunicate with thers, humans are ne f the few species t have a spken language. Using speech, we culd share cmplex ideas, pass knwledge thrugh generatins, and create cmmunities. Whether spken language actually helped us evlve (进化) as species int mre advanced beings, hwever, has never really been tested.
“Language allwing humans t be a mre advanced species is an assumptin that smebdy came up with ne day withut really trying t prve it,” says Erich Jarvis, a prfessr wh studies the neurbilgy f vcal learning.
But Jarvis and his clleagues were able t examine this assumptin with the help f sngbirds. Jarvis’ new study prvides sme f the first evidence that vcal learning—ne f the crucial cmpnents fr a spken language—is assciated with prblem-slving. Vcal learning is the ability t prduce new sunds by imitating (模仿) thers, relying n experience rather than instinct.
T get a better grasp f vcal learning and cgnitin (认知), the study authrs turned t sngbirds. The team perfrmed seven cgnitive experiments n 214 sngbirds frm 23 different species. Of these, 21 species were caught frm the wild. Tw sngbirds studied are dmesticated. The behaviral tests examined the birds’ prblem slving, fr instance by figuring ut hw t remve an bject t access the fd reward. The researchers als tested tw ther skills ften assciated with intelligence: learning by assciatin, plus what’s called reversal (倒转的) learning, in which an animal adjusts its behavir t get a reward. They then lked at whether being vcal learners helped develp the three skills, cmparing 21 bird species t tw thers, which were vcal nn-learners.
The bilgists nticed a strng relatinship between vcal learning and prblem-slving skills. Vcal learning bird species culd cme up with innvative ideas, such as getting seeds, r a wrm trapped under a cup by remving the bstacle r pulling it apart. All three abilities—prblem slving, assciative learning, and reversal learning—are typically cnsidered “cmpnents f intelligence,” he says.
Brain size was anther benefit t vcal learning that may have supprted these prblem-slving abilities. The 21 vcal-learning species had slightly larger brains, relative t their bdy size, than the tw wh weren’t. Jarvis says it’s pssible these big-headed birds packed mre neurns.
One questin left unanswered is why there’s such a strng relatinship between prblem-slving abilities and vcal learning. The brain areas in charge f vcal learning are nt the same nes that get activated when we need t trublesht an issue, says Jarvis.
32．The purpse f the first paragraph is t ______.
A．prmte a new theryB．ffer an example
C．present an assumptinD．make a cntrast
33．Why des Jarvis carry ut the study?
A．T examine the prblem-slving ability f sngbirds.
B．T prve the significance f vcal learning t humans.
C．T illustrate the influence f brain size n vcal learning.
D．T test the relatin between vcal learning and intelligence.
34．What d we knw frm the study n sngbirds?
A．Advanced species have better prblem-slving ability.
B．Vcal learners have a better develpment f intelligence.
C．Better prblem-slving ability leads t bigger brain size.
D．Humans and sngbirds are bth gd at vcal learning.
35．We can infer that future study will fcus n ________.
A．why humans’ prblem-slving abilities develp better
B．hw ther abilities are cnnected t sngbirds’ intelligence
C．hw prblem-slving and vcal learning brain areas are related
D．why vcal learning differences exist in varius sngbirds species
32．C 33．D 34．B 35．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了声乐学习对于智力发展有积极的促进作用。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“What des it mean t be intelligent?(聪明意味着什么？)”以及文章第一段第三句“Language may be ne f the best ways t demnstrate that kind f smarts.(语言可能是展示这种智慧的最佳方式之一。)”还有文章第一段最后一句“Whether spken language actually helped us evlve (进化) as species int mre advanced beings, hwever, has never really been tested.(语言是否真的帮助我们进化，然而，作为一个物种，进化成更先进的生物，从未真正经过测试。)”可知，作者提出了一个问题“聪明是什么”？之后作者认为语言最能说明聪明与否。所以作者提出了一个假设，语言是否真的帮助我们进化，是否是证明聪明的最佳方式之一，但这个假设还有待验证。故选C项。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“Jarvis’ new study prvides sme f the first evidence that vcal learning—ne f the crucial cmpnents fr a spken language—is assciated with prblem-slving.(贾维斯的新研究提供了一些初步证据，证明声乐学习——口语的关键组成部分之一——与解决问题有关。)”可知，贾维斯执行这项研究是因为他想验证声乐学习是否和智慧相关。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。文章第五段“The bilgists nticed a strng relatinship between vcal learning and prblem-slving skills. Vcal learning bird species culd cme up with innvative ideas, such as getting seeds, r a wrm trapped under a cup by remving the bstacle r pulling it apart. All three abilities—prblem slving, assciative learning, and reversal learning—are typically cnsidered “cmpnents f intelligence,” he says.(生物学家们注意到声乐学习和解决问题的能力之间有着密切的关系。声乐学习鸟类可以想出创新的想法，比如通过移除障碍物或将其拉开来获得种子，或者将蠕虫困在杯子下。他说，这三种能力——解决问题、联想学习和反向学习——通常被认为是“智力的组成部分”。 )”可知，声乐学习的鸟类相比于没有音乐学系的鸟类智力上有更好的发展。故选B项。
35．推理判断题。文章最后一段第一句“One questin left unanswered is why there’s such a strng relatinship between prblem-slving abilities and vcal learning. (一个未回答的问题是，为什么解决问题的能力和声乐学习之间有如此紧密的关系。)”可推断，未来的研究将集中在 解决问题和声乐学习脑区是如何关联的。故选C项。
（2024上·北京石景山·高三统考期末）Research has shwn that peple tend t get mre happiness frm spending their mney n experiences, such as travel and entertainment, than n things, such as clthes and electrnic gds. But are peple happier during the purchased experience itself? Or des the happiness cme mre frm expecting r remembering the experience?
A new study, published in the Jurnal f Experimental Scial Psychlgy, ffers an answer. Our experiential purchases bring us greater pleasure in terms f expectatin and remembrance than d ur material purchases, but they als bring us greater in-the-mment enjyment, the study fund.
Fr the study, the researchers fund 2,635 adults wh agreed t receive texts at any time during the day. The texts began with a happiness questin, which asked the participants t rate hw they felt “right nw” n a scale frm very bad t very gd. Half f them were then asked if they had made a material purchase within the past hur, such as clthing r electrnic gds. The thers were asked if they had made an experiential purchase within the past hur, such as eating in a restaurant r attending a cncert.
The researchers fund that the purchasers f the experiences express higher levels f happiness than the purchasers f the material gds, n matter hw much the purchases cst.
T address pssible differences in types f purchasers, the researchers made a secnd study in which they researched mre than 5,000 adults. “We still bserved the same result,” said Steve Lacy, the study’s lead authr.
The researchers said a pssible explanatin is the endurance (持久) f experiences in peple’s memries, while the bserved value f material gds weakens ver time.
“If yu want t be happier, it might be wise t mve sme f yur spending away frm material gds and a bit mre tward experiences,” Lacy said. “That wuld likely lead t greater happiness.”
36．The authr put frward tw questins in Paragraph 1 t _______.
A．make a fact clearB．intrduce a new research
C．list pssible prblemsD．dubt the pinin presented
37．Why did the researchers text the participants?
A．T ask them abut their spending plans.
B．T understand their needs and spending habits.
C．T track their purchasing activities and feelings.
D．T find ut the change in their purchasing chices.
38．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing can bring the greatest pleasure?
A．One picks up a few gd bargains.
B．One pays fr an amusement park trip.
C．One buys electrnic gds in an nline shp.
D．One spends a great deal n high-end prducts.
36．B 37．C 38．B
【导语】本文是说明文。发表在《实验社会心理学杂志》上的一项新研究发现，与物质购买相比，体验式购买在期待和回忆方面给我们带来了更大的快乐，但它们也给我们带来了更大的当下享受。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But are peple happier during the purchased experience itself? Or des the happiness cme mre frm expecting r remembering the experience?(但人们在购买体验本身时会感到更快乐吗？还是幸福更多地来自于期待或记住这段经历？)”和第二段中“A new study, published in the Jurnal f Experimental Scial Psychlgy, ffers an answer. (发表在《实验社会心理学杂志》上的一项新研究提供了答案)”可知，第一段提出两个问题，第二段指出一项新的研究给出了这两个问题的答案，由此可推知，作者在第1段提出两个问题是为了介绍一项新的研究，故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr the study, the researchers fund 2,635 adults wh agreed t receive texts at any time during the day. The texts began with a happiness questin, which asked the participants t rate hw they felt “right nw” n a scale frm very bad t very gd. Half f them were then asked if they had made a material purchase within the past hur, such as clthing r electrnic gds. The thers were asked if they had made an experiential purchase within the past hur, such as eating in a restaurant r attending a cncert.(在这项研究中，研究人员发现2635名成年人同意在一天中的任何时间接收短信。这些短信以一个幸福感问题开始，要求参与者从非常糟糕到非常好的范围内对他们“现在”的感受进行评分。然后，其中一半人被问及在过去一小时内是否购买过物质产品，例如衣服或电子产品。其他人被问及过去一小时内是否进行过体验式购买，例如在餐厅吃饭或参加音乐会)”可知，研究人员给参与者发短信是为了跟踪他们的购买活动和感受。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段“The researchers fund that the purchasers f the experiences express higher levels f happiness than the purchasers f the material gds, n matter hw much the purchases cst.(研究人员发现，无论购买成本是多少，购买体验的人比购买物质产品的人表现出更高的幸福感)”和最后一段““If yu want t be happier, it might be wise t mve sme f yur spending away frm material gds and a bit mre tward experiences,” Lacy said. “That wuld likely lead t greater happiness.”(莱西说：“如果你想变得更快乐，明智的做法是将部分支出从物质产品上转移到体验上。”“这可能会带来更大的幸福。”)”可知，购买体验的人可以给人带来最大的快乐，由此可推知，B项“一个人支付游乐园之旅的费用”这属于购买体验的行为，能给人带来最大的快乐，故选B。