山西省晋城市第一中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题

这是一份山西省晋城市第一中学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Tm Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, ft-stmping musical versin f a Mark Twain favrite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the gd stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr. That’s the lcal stage writing team that creates many f the Children’s Theatre f Cincinnati’s riginal musicals, alng with the hliday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
This year Nathan Turner f Burlingtn is Tm Sawyer, and Rbbie McMath f Frt Mitchell is Huck Finn.
Tumer, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act r f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime”.
McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sawyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit. This summer he attended Kentucky’s Gvernr’s Schl fr the Arts in Musical Theatre.
Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.
1．Wh wrte the music fr “Tm Sawyer: A River Adventure”?
A．David Kisr.B．Je McDnugh.
C．Nathan Turner.D．Rbbie McMath.
2．What can we learn abut the tw actrs?
A．They study in the same schl.B．They wrked tgether in ”Ragtime“.
C．They are experienced n stage.D．They became friends ten years ag.
3．What des Children’s Theatre prvide fr teachers?
A．Research funding.B．Training pprtunities.
C．Technical supprt.D．Educatinal resurces.
Recently, we dug thrugh a bx f graphic design (平面设计) frm the 1980s at the Smithsnian Institutin Archives. We were riginally in search f histrical designs needed fr an upcming event, but came acrss sme clues that uncvered a part f Smithsnian histry that had been buried fr ver fifty-five years.
As we pened the last file flder in the bx, we were faced with a paper frm 1965 filled with amazing drawings. These designs were lg ideas fr the 1965 James Smithsn Bicentennial Celebratin, and there, amng the drawings, was the nw familiar Smithsnian sunburst. Alngside the lg was a typewritten nte signed by C． Pntes. My clleague and I turned t each ther and wndered. “Wh was C． Pntes?”
A quick lk int the Smithsnian guidelines disclsed mre infrmatin n the lg’s designer and its histry. Crimilda Pntes, the Smithsnian’s first fficial graphic designer, was hired by Secretary S. Dilln Ripley in 1965. Pntes received her Master f Arts in graphic arts frm Yale University in 1959 and designed bks and bk jackets fr the Yale University Press until 1964. Ripley knew Pntes frm his time at Yale, s when he was appinted Secretary, he invited Pntes t bring her artistic talents t the Smithsnian. And there she stayed fr twenty-three years until her retirement in 1988. Accrding t Smithsnian histrian Pam Hensn, almst anything designed fr the Smithsnian between the years 1965 and 1988 can likely be credited t Pntes.
After having nw lked thrugh many bxes f her files, we knw that Pntes ften went back and anntated (给……作注解) her dcuments befre they were filed. Lking mre clsely at this sheet f drawings frm 1965, yu will see that Pntes has dne the same here. At the tp f the page she writes: C． Pntes’ first assignment at the Smithsnian — symbl fr bicentennial f Smithsn’s birth. Sunburst chsen later evlved int S. I. seal.
4．Wh might be the authr f the text?
A．A travel writer.B．An event planner.
C．A graphic designer.D．An expert n histry.
5．Hw did the authr prbably feel at the sight f the nte?
A．Wrried.B．Depressed.C．Cnfused.D．Ashamed.
6．What can be learned abut Crimilda Pntes?
A．She cntributed a lt t the Smithsnian.
B．She earned her Master f Arts in the 1960s.
C．She was n bad terms with S. Dilln Ripley.
D．She taught graphic design at Yale University.
7．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Smithsnian’s Brief Histry
B．The Stry f the Smithsnian Sunburst
C．A Brief Visit t the Yale University Press
D．Crimilda Pntes’ Rad t Smithsnian
On September 7, 1991, the cstliest hailstrm (雹暴) in Canadian histry hit Calgary’s suthern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2 millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes. But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.
Nrman Stienwand, wh farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings n this issue fr years. “Basically, the prvincial gvernment is letting the insurance cmpanies prtect the Calgary-Edmntn urban area frm hail,” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they’re increasing drught risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail prject is managed by Terry Krauss, a clud physicist wh wrks fr Weather Mdificatin Inc. f Farg, Nrth Dakta. “We affect nly a very small percentage f the ttal misture in the air, s we cannt be causing drught.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the misture dwnwind by creating wetter grund.”
One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”
Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.
8．What des the prject aim t d?
A．Cnserve misture in the sil.B．Frecast disastrus hailstrms.
C．Prevent the frmatin f hailstnes.D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
9．Wh are ppsed t the prject?
A．Managers f insurance cmpanies.B．Farmers in east-central Alberta.
C．Prvincial gvernment fficials.D．Residents f Calgary and Edmntn.
10．Why des Dr. Dswell mentin the trnades he saw in 1999?
A．T cmpare different kinds f seeding methds.B．T illustrate the develpment f big hailstrms.
C．T shw the link between strms and misture.D．T indicate a pssible danger f clud seeding.
11．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Scientific studies have prved Stienwand right.B．Clud-seeding cmpanies will cntinue t exist.
C．The dubt abut clud seeding has disappeared.D．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
The Stanfrd marshmallw (棉花糖) test was riginally cnducted by psychlgist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged fur t six at a nursery schl were placed in a rm. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed n a table. Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat. Then they were left alne in the rm. Fllw-up studies with the children later in life shwed a cnnect in between an ability t wait lng enugh t btain a secnd treat and varius frms f success.
As adults, we face a versin(版本) f the marshmallw test every day. We’re nt tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets — all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because ur ancestrs lived in a calrie-pr wrld, and ur brains develped a respnse mechanism(机制) t these treats that reflected their value — a feeling f reward and satisfactin. But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining (获取) calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist (抵抗) tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.
A similar prcess is at wrk in ur respnse t infrmatin. Our frmative (有重大影响的) envirnment as a species was infrmatin-pr, s ur brains develped a mechanism that prized (高度重视) new infrmatin. But glbal cnnectivity has greatly changed ur infrmatin envirnment. We are nw endlessly bmbarded (轰炸) with new infrmatin. Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful (深思熟虑的) abut ur calric cnsumptin (热量消耗), we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.
12．What did the children need t d t get a secnd treat in Mischel’s test?
A．Take an examinatin alne.B．Shw respect fr the researchers.
C．Share their treats with thers.D．Delay eating fr fifteen minutes.
13．Accrding t paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ______.
A．the calrie-pr wrld and ur gd appetitesB．the shrtage f sugar and ur nutritinal needs
C．the rich fd supply and ur unchanged brainsD．the tempting fds and ur effrts t keep fit
14．What des the authr suggest readers d?
A．Absrb new infrmatin readily (欣然地).B．Use diverse infrmatin surces.
C．Be selective infrmatin cnsumers.D．Prtect the infrmatin envirnment.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Eat Less, Read MreB．The Bitter Truth abut Early Humans
C．The Marshmallw Test fr GrwnupsD．The Marshmallw Test fr Children.
Why dn’t birds n a wire get a shck??
Nw hw is that pssible? The fact is, fr a living creature t get a shck there has t be a substantial flw f currents thrugh the bdy. 16 Firstly, the bird nt nly frms a circuit with the wire, but it als ffers high resistance t currents, s currents pass thrugh the wire instead f the bird.
It’s a bit like this, wuld yu prefer ging n a smth rad r a rad full f hles? The answer is bvius. 17 All bjects ffer sme amunt f resistance t the flw f currents, depending n the material.
18 Hwever, the mst imprtant reasn why currents dn’t pass thrugh the bird is, there is barely any vltage (电压) difference acrss the bird. Current flw is actually just a flw f minute charged particles (粒子). These charged particles need an energy input in rder fr them t mve. The amunt f energy needed t mve the charges frm ne pint t anther is measured in terms f the ptential difference between the tw pints.
A bird sitting n high-tensin wires has bth its feet placed firmly n the same wire. 19 In rder fr currents t flw thrugh the bird, there must be a sizeable difference in vltage acrss the bdy. The ptential difference between the bird’s tw feet is tiny and s a very small current flws thrugh the bird which can barely be registered.
20 On the ther hand if it were t tuch the wire and sme ther bject cnnected t the grund, it wuld receive a deadly shck.
A．Currents travel like water.
B．There are differences in birds’ shapes.
C．Just like yu, the current prefers taking the easier path.
D．This is just ne f the reasns why birds dn’t get a shck.
E．Hwever, there’s barely any current running thrugh the bird’s bdy fr tw reasns.
F．Therefre, the net ptential difference frm ne end f the bird t the ther is almst zer.
G．If the bird were t tuch the wire and anther wire at the same time, it wuld receive a mild shck.
二、完形填空
While taking a 20-hur train ride alng the edge f the Taklimakan Desert in nrthwestern China, I had the kind f humbling, educatinal, and abve all else, wnderful 21 with a lcal that all travelers lng fr. A yung Chinese man 22 me n the train. My 23 friend spke virtually n English, s I happily tk the 24 t practice my Chinese.
Over several hurs, he wuld tell me abut hw he had 25 a tw-year prfessinal schl t quickly find a jb 26 highways in rder t help supprt his family. Perhaps the mst 27 , hwever, was the fact that this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr. Withut batting an eye, he wuld 28 a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American 29 as a whle. ”And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?” I 30 him asking at ne pint.
It wuld have been easy t 31 my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme. But this highly infrmed, 32 , and admirable persn prevented me ding s. In the curse f a cuple f hurs, he 33 me just hw much ne can gain frm 34 with an pen mind, and a willingness t 35 with lcals frm all walks f life.
21．A．experimentB．encunterC．cmpetitinD．appintment
22．A．treatedB．savedC．lecturedD．apprached
23．A．trueB．s-calledC．newD．lng-lst
24．A．chanceB．adviceC．trubleD．right
25．A．visitedB．financedC．attendedD．funded
26．A．buildingB．sweepingC．checkingD．guarding
27．A．typicalB．bviusC．naturalD．remarkable
28．A．publishB．quteC．сорyD．dwnlad
29．A．writersB．histriansC．wrkersD．students
30．A．anticipateB．imagineC．recallD．catch
31．A．lk intB．rely nC．g verD．deal with
32．A．well-behavedB．multi-skilledC．warm-heartedD．self-educated
33．A．askedB．warnedC．shwedD．prmised
34．A．travelingB．readingC．searchingD．teaching
35．A．cperateB．sideC．negtiateD．engage
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The shelves in mst supermarkets are full f family-size this and multi-buy that. Hwever, if yu’re shpping fr ne, buying extra 36 (benefit) frm price reductins desn’t make sense. Either yur shpping is then t heavy t carry hme 37 yu can’t use what yu’ve bught while it’s still fresh.
Of curse, shps are nt charities — they price gds in the way 38 will make them the mst mney. If mst f their custmers are happy t buy larger quantities, that’s 39 they’ll prmte. But that leaves the sl (单独) custmers ut f pcket and disappinted.
Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy ne get ne free” prmtins because f the 40 (criticize) that they lead t waste. Cnsumers prefer mney ff individual items. Hwever, thugh it’s nice t get a few cents ff a pack f sausages, it wuld help even mre if they culd smetimes 41 (ffer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan desn’t want t eat them every day.
If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets 42 (start) selling chicken r salad in packs 43 (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份). Then, when yu use ne sectin, 44 ther stays fresh.
Wh knws, perhaps sme f the mre frward-lking 45 (ne) may yet cme ut with a whle range f “just fr yu” pack sizes with special ffers as well.
四、书面表达
46．你校英文报正在开展以Satisfactin with Yur Lks为话题的调查，请结合图表中的数据写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1. 满意度情况描述；
2. 简单评论；
3. 你的建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数不少于80；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Attitudes twards whether we are satisfied with ur lks vary frm persn t persn.
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47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last Saturday, I drve back hme frm a lng hard day. It was snwing heavily and the traffic inched slwly frward like snails. I was s hungry because I skipped my lunch that I decided t stp by KFC and had a quick bite befre I cntinued my jurney hme. It tk me a lng time t find a place t park my car. With my face buried in my cllar, I walked slwly in the snw. Sn my hands were numb(麻木) with cld, s I pulled my glves ut f my cat pcket and put them n.
I rdered sme fried chicken and dug int my pcket fr my wallet t pay, nly t find it was nt there! I remembered I did bring it with me befre I set ut. Embarrassed, I left the chicken n the cunter and said I wuld return in a minute. Deeply wrried, I gt ut f KFC and ran twards my car, wndering where my wallet, with everything in it, was.
Fresh snw was like a blank paper, recrding my tracks. My attentin fixed n the grund, I expected t find it n my way. Unfrtunately, what I fund was nly the shape f it in the snw. Obviusly, I lst it when I pulled my glves ut. Judging frm the ftprints n the grund, I was nt the nly ne. There was smene else jining my way. But the ftprints f this guy were messy. It seemed that he walked back and frth. My heart sank. At a lss f which way he went, I knew I culd never claim my wallet back. Bye, fried chicken, nt tday. I walked twards my car helplessly.
A shrt, skinny man was standing by my car. He seemed like hmeless because he was dressed in versized wrn-ut cat and his face was dirty. He was stamping his feet t keep warm. I felt srry fr him because I had nthing t help him, n mney, n fd.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The man nticed me and asked if this was my car.
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Refusing my mney, he was abut t leave.
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参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍由马克·吐温的作品所改编的音乐剧《汤姆·索亚：河上历险记》。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Je McDnugh, with music by David Kisr.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Tumer, a 10th-grader at Schl fr Creative and Perfrming Arts, is a familiar presence n Cincinnati’s stages. He is a star act r f Children’s Theatre, having played leading rles in “The Legend f Sleepy Hllw” and “The Wizard f Oz,” and is fresh frm Jersey Prductin “Ragtime”.(Tumer是一名创意与表演艺术学校的10年级学生，是辛辛那提舞台上的常客。他是儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角，也是新泽西制作公司‘Ragtime’的新成员。)”可知，Tumer是辛辛那提舞台上的常客，儿童剧院的明星演员，曾在《断头谷的传说》和《绿野仙踪》中担任主角；根据第五段中的“McMath is a junir at Beechwd High Schl. He was in the cast f “Tm Sewyer” when it was first perfrmed and is a Children’s Theatre regular, with five shws t his credit.(McMath是比奇伍德高中的三年级学生。他是《汤姆·休厄》首演时的演员，也是儿童剧院的常客，演出了五场。)”可知，McMath也是儿童剧院的常客；综合以上信息可知，这两位演员在舞台上经验丰富。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Nte t teachers: Children’s Theatre has a study guide demnstrating hw math and science can be taught thrugh “Tm Sawyer.” Fr dwnladable lessns, visit the fficial website f Children’s Theatre.(给老师们的提示：儿童剧院有一份学习指南，展示了如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学。如欲下载课程，请访问儿童剧院官方网站。)”可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了一份学习指南，展示如何通过《汤姆·索亚》教授数学和科学，可通过儿童剧院的网站下载课程；由此可知，儿童剧院为教师提供了教育资源。故选D项。
4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Crimilda Pntes创造出Smithsnian sunburst背后的故事。
4．推理判断题。由文章第一段“We were riginally in search f histrical designs needed fr an upcming event, but came acrss sme clues that uncvered a part f Smithsnian histry that had been buried fr ver fifty-five years.(我们最初是在寻找即将到来的活动所需的历史设计，但发现了一些线索，揭示了Smithsnian埋葬了55年以上的历史。)”可知，作者可能是一个活动策划人。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Alngside the lg was a typewritten nte signed by C. Pntes. My clleague and I turned t each ther and wndered. ‘Wh was C. Pntes?’(标志旁边是一张由C. Pntes签名的打字便条。我和我的同事转过身来，心里充满疑惑。‘谁是C. Pntes？’)”可知，作者可能看到这纸条时感到困惑。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Accrding t Smithsnian histrian Pam Hensn, almst anything designed fr the Smithsnian between the years 1965 and 1988 can likely be credited t Pntes.(根据史密森学会历史学家帕姆·亨森的说法，在1965年至1988年间为Smithsnian设计的几乎任何东西都可能归功于Pntes。)”可知，Pntes为Smithsnian做出了很大贡献。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。由文章第二段“As we pened the last file flder in the bx, we were faced with a paper frm 1965 filled with amazing drawings. These designs were lg ideas fr the 1965 James Smithsn Bicentennial Celebratin, and there, amng the drawings, was the nw familiar Smithsnian sunburst. Alngside the lg was a typewritten nte signed by C. Pntes.(当我们打开盒子里的最后一个文件夹时，我们看到了一张1965年的纸，上面写满了令人惊叹的图画。这些设计是1965年詹姆斯·史密森二百周年庆典的标志创意，在这些图纸中，有现在熟悉的Smithsnian sunburst。标志旁边是一张由C. Pntes签名的打字便条。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲述Pntes创造出Smithsnian sunburst背后的故事。所以B项“The Stry f the Smithsnian Sunburst(Smithsnian Sunburst的故事)”符合语境。故选B项。
8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a grup f insurance cmpanies have spent abut $2 millin per year n the Alberta Hail Suppressin Prject. Airplanes seed threatening strm cells with a chemical t make small ice crystals fall as rain befre they can grw int dangerus hailstnes.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — dwnwind f the hail prject flights — wrry that precius misture (水分) is being stlen frm their thirsty land by the clud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One dubter abut the safety f clud seeding is Chuck Dswell, a research scientist wh just retired frm the University f Oklahma. “In 1999, I persnally saw significant trnades frm frm a seeded strm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Dswell says. “Des clud seeding create killer strms r reduce misture dwnwind? N ne really knws, f curse, but the seeding ges n.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree f dubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “It wuld be wise t stp clud seeding.” In practice, dubt has had the ppsite effect. Due t the lack f scientific prf cncerning their impacts, n ne has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against clud-seeding cmpanies. Hence, private climate engineering can prceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选B。
12．D 13．C 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福棉花糖实验的原理，以及将其类比到成人面对信息诱惑时的自控挑战，强调在信息丰富的时代需谨慎选择信息消费。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Each child was tld if they waited fr 15 minutes befre eating the treat, they wuld be given a secnd treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励)”可知，孩子们需要等待15分钟后再吃糖果，才能得到第二份奖励。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段“But as we’ve reshaped the wrld arund us, dramatically reducing the cst and effrt invlved in btaining(获取) calries, we still have the same brains we had thusands f years ag, and this mismatch(不匹配) is at the heart f why s many f us struggle t resist (抵抗) tempting fds that we knw we shuldn’t eat.(但是，随着我们重塑了周围的世界，大大减少了获取热量的成本和努力，我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，而这种不匹配是我们中许多人难以抗拒我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因)”可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefre, just as we need t be mre thughtful(深思熟虑的) abut ur calric cnsumptin(热量消耗), we als need t be mre thughtful abut ur infrmatin cnsumptin, resisting the temptatin f the mental “junk fd” in rder t manage ur time mst effectively.(因此，正如我们需要对自己的热量消耗更加深思熟虑一样，我们也需要对自己信息的消耗更加深思熟虑，抵制精神上“垃圾食品”的诱惑，才能最有效地管理我们的时间)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及第二段“As adults, we face a versin(版本) f the marshmallw test every day. We’re nt tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by ur cmputers, phnes, and tablets —all the devices that cnnect us t the glbal delivery system fr varius types f infrmatin that d t us what marshmallws d t preschlers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对一个版本的棉花糖测试。我们不被甜食所诱惑，而是被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑所诱惑——所有这些设备都将我们连接到全球各种类型的信息传递系统，这些信息对我们的影响就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的影响一样)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对的信息诱惑与自我控制问题，类比儿童面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，因此C选项“成年人的棉花糖测试”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
16．E 17．C 18．D 19．F 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么鸟站在电线上不会被电击的原因。
16．由下文“Firstly, the bird nt nly frms a circuit with the wire, but it als ffers high resistance t currents, s currents pass thrugh the wire instead f the bird.(首先，鸟不仅与电线形成电路，而且对电流具有高电阻，因此电流通过电线而不是鸟。)”可知，这里解释了为什么电流不通过鸟的原因。而E项“Hwever, there’s barely any current running thrugh the bird’s bdy fr tw reasns.(然而，由于两个原因，几乎没有电流流过这只鸟的身体。)”符合语境，其中reasns与下文的解释对应，有启下作用。故选E项。
17．由上文“It’s a bit like this, wuld yu prefer ging n a smth rad r a rad full f hles? The answer is bvius.(有点像这样，你更喜欢走平坦的路还是满是凹凸不平的路？答案是显而易见的。)”可知，这里提出问题，显而易见，你会选择平坦的路。而C项“Just like yu, the current prefers taking the easier path.(和你一样，电流更喜欢走更容易的路。)”符合语境，其中yu与上文对应，path与上文 rad对应，有承上作用。故选C项。
18．由下文“Hwever, the mst imprtant reasn why currents dn’t pass thrugh the bird is, there is barely any vltage (电压) difference acrss the bird.(然而，电流不能通过鸟的最重要原因是，鸟身上几乎没有任何电压差。)”可知，这里在讲另外的原因，而D项“This is just ne f the reasns why birds dn’t get a shck(这只是鸟类不会受到电击的原因之一)”符合语境，其中This指代上文的解释，just ne f the reasns也与后文the mst imprtant reasn 对应，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选D项。
19．由上文“A bird sitting n high-tensin wires has bth its feet placed firmly n the same wire.(一只鸟坐在高压电线上，双脚牢牢地放在同一根电线上。)”可知，这里讲述鸟的双脚是放在同一根电线上，而F项“Therefre, the net ptential difference frm ne end f the bird t the ther is almst zer(因此，从鸟的一端到另一端的净电势差几乎为零。)”符合语境，针对上一句的现象解释了鸟不被点击的原因。所以有承上作用。故选F项。
20．由下文“On the ther hand if it were t tuch the wire and sme ther bject cnnected t the grund, it wuld receive a deadly shck.(另一方面，如果它接触到电线和其它连接到地面的物体，它会受到致命的电击)”可知，这里讲述了鸟会被电击的一种情况，而G项“If the bird were t tuch the wire and anther wire at the same time, it wuld receive a mild shck(如果这只鸟同时接触电线和另一根电线，它会受到轻微的电击)”符合语境，也讲了鸟被电击的一种情况，If与后文对应，有启下作用。故选G项。
21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encunter邂逅；C. cmpetitin比赛；D. appintment任命。根据后文“with a lcal that all travelers lng fr”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. apprached靠近。根据后文“me n the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. s-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. lng-lst很久不见的。根据上文“A yung Chinese man”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. truble麻烦；D. right权利。根据后文“t practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜访；B. financed提供资金；C. attended参加，上(学)；D. funded成立。根据后文“a tw-year prfessinal schl”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in rder t help supprt his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. bvius显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. qute引用；C. cpy复制；D. dwnlad下载。根据后文“a translated Emersn passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers作者；B. histrians历史学家；C. wrkers工人；D. students学生。根据上文“a translated Emersn passage befre asking abut the literary influence f American”以及后文“And what d yu all learn abut Russian authrs?(你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at ne pint”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。
31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. lk int调查；B. rely n依靠；C. g ver复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptins abut this highway builder wh had never been mre than a few hundred miles frm hme”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hurs studying every day after hard physical labr.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. shwed展示；D. prmised承诺。根据后文“me just hw much ne can gain frm”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an pen mind, and a willingness t”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cperate合作；B. side边；C. negtiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with lcals frm all walks f life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。
36．t benefit 37．r 38．that/which 39．what 40．criticism 41．be ffered 42．have started 43．designed 44．the 45．nes
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
36．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“frm price reductins”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用t d不定式作目的状语。故填t benefit。
37．考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词r。故填r。
38．考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
39．考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
40．考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead t waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
41．考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词ffer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词culd后动词应用原形。故填be ffered。
42．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last tw years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
43．考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
44．考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the ther意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
45．考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词ne意为“一个人”，在sme f后应用复数形式。故填nes。
46．One pssible versin:
Attitudes twards whether we are satisfied with ur lks vary frm persn t persn. Only 7 percent f students express being cmpletely satisfied, while 26 percent reprt being relatively satisfied. Hwever, a significant 67 percent admit nt being satisfied with their lks.
It is cncerning t see such a large majrity f students feeling unsatisfied with their appearance. These results underscre the need fr prmting psitive bdy image and self-acceptance amng students.
T address this issue, I think it is necessary t encurage students t embrace their unique qualities and appreciate themselves fr wh they are. What als matters is t establish cunseling r supprt grups where students can share their cncerns and receive guidance n building self-esteem.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。题目要求学生根据图表中的数据，为校英文报写一篇以Satisfactin with Yur Lks为话题的调查报告，需对图表中的情况作简要描述，发表简单评论，并分享个人的建议。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
表达：express→cnvey
令人忧心的：cncerning→wrrisme
强调：underscre→underline/emphasize
推进：prmte→advance
处理：address→tackle/cpe with
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：It is cncerning t see such a large majrity f students feeling unsatisfied with their appearance.
拓展句：It is cncerning t see such a large majrity f students wh feel unsatisfied with their appearance.
【点睛】[高分句型1] T address this issue, I think it is necessary t encurage students t embrace their unique qualities and appreciate themselves fr wh they are. (运用了that引导名词性从句作think的宾语并被省略、wh引导名词性从句作fr的宾语)
[高分句型2] What als matters is t establish cunseling r supprt grups where students can share their cncerns and receive guidance n building self-esteem. (运用了What引导名词性从句作主语、where引导限制性定语从句)
47．The man nticed me and asked if this was my car. Surprised as I was, I ndded, waiting fr what he was ging t say. He seemed excited, directly cming clser and quickly taking ut a wallet, which I knew was mine at the first glance. I culdn’t stp staring at the surprising packet. I knew I wuldn’t say gdbye t my fried chicken tday. But first, I need shw my sincere gratitude t the gd sul, wh must have stayed in the cld fr lng just t find the wner. I pened my wallet, pulled ut tw bankntes and delivered t him as my thankfulness. Hwever, he just smiled, shaking his head.
Refusing my mney, he was abut t leave. Seeing him disappearing in the distance gradually, I finally made up my mind t stp him and asked him t wait a minute. I grabbed the mney, rushed t the cunter and rdered tw fried chickens. On heading back, I slipped the package int his hand, inviting him t enjy the fd tgether. We exchanged ur thughts a lt as we were eating and laughing. It was n that night that I came t realize that there are always peple wh try t help thers despite their wn truble.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一个雪天去买肯德基时发现钱包丢了，以为被偷，在自己车旁边看到了一个瘦削的人一直在他的车旁边走来走去，原来这个人捡起了作者的钱包，等待作者的到来并将钱包还给了他，且拒绝了作者的报酬，最后，作者买了炸鸡和他一起享用的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“那个人注意到了我，问我这是不是我的车。”和第二段首句可知，第一段可描写男人将钱包还给作者，作者想要酬谢却被拒绝。
②由第二段首句内容“他拒绝了我的钱，准备离开。”可知，第二段可描写作者买了炸鸡答谢男人。
2.续写线索：还钱包——作者惊喜——作者酬谢——拒绝离开——作者请吃炸鸡——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①递：deliver/hand/pass
②尝试：try/attempt
情绪类
①激动：excited/thrilled
②意外：surprised/unexpected
【点睛】[高分句型1]Surprised as I was, I ndded, waiting fr what he was ging t say.(含有让步状语从句的倒装结构，现在分词作状语和what引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]It was n that night that I came t realize that there are always peple wh try t help thers despite their wn truble.(含强调句型和that引导的宾语从句和wh引导的定语从句)