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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit教学设计及反思
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit教学设计及反思,共9页。
This teaching perid mainly deals with the grammar: learn the knwledge abut basic cmpnents f a sentence and the basic useful sentence structures. Students are ften cnfused abut this grammar and this perid carries cnsiderable significance t students’ future learning and lays a slid fundatin fr the acquisitin f English grammar learning and language appreciatin. The teacher is expected t enable students t master this perid thrughly and cnslidate the knwledge by ding sme exercise f gd quality.
1. Get students t have a gd understanding f the basic sentence structures and basic cmpnents f a sentence.
2. Enable students t use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
3. Develp students’ speaking and cperating abilities.
4. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.
1. Hw t enable students t have a gd understanding f the basic sentence structures and the basic cmpnents f a sentence.
2. Hw t enable students t use the basic sentence structures flexibly.
This grammar mainly cnsists tw parts: the cmpnents f a sentence and the basic sentence structures. Thus, the teaching plan is divided int tw steps.
Step 1: Let students understand the basic definitins abut a sentence.
句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语; 次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
1)句子的具体成分:主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。 比如:
1.The rm is very clean. (名词)
2.We ften speak English . (代词)
3. Eight is my lucky number. (数词)
4 T teach them English is my jb. (动词不定式)
5 Swimming is gd fr ur health. (动名词)
6.What we need is fd. (句子)
7.The pr are everywhere in sme cuntries. (the +形容词)
2)谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”,“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词,体现时态和语态,一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如: He practices running every mrning.
2、复合谓语:
a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。
如: He can speak English.
b.助动词:帮助构成时态和语态,不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。
We always get up at seven.
They are talking abut smething.
He went t the park yesterday.
The by can play guitar very well.
He desn't like speaking Chinese.
I have seen the film befre.
He didn't finish his hmewrk last night.
3)表语(predicative)
表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词之后,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。
常见的系动词:
1. 表状态:be
2. 表感官:lk, sund, smell, taste, feel
3. 表变化:becme, grw, turn, fall, get, g, fall
4. 表持续,保持:keep, remain, stay
5. 表似乎,像:seem,appear
例子: 划线部分均为表语:
1 I am a teacher. (名词)
2 I am ten. (数词)
3 He became rich and successful. (形容词)
4 Everyne is here. (副词)
5 They are at hme nw. ( 介词短语)
6 My jb is t teach them English. (不定式)
4)宾语(bject)
宾语:表示动作所涉及的对象,内容或承受者。
宾语的种类:
动宾:动词+宾语
介宾:介词+宾语
例:read bks like English The bk is gd fr us .
例子: 划线部分为宾语。
1 He is playing the pian.(名词)
2 He ften helps me.(代词)
3 He likes t watch TV. (动词不定式)
4 He likes watching TV. (动词ing)
5)宾语补足语
英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
例子: 划线部分为宾语补足语
1 We called him Dngming.(名词)
2 We saw him playing sccer. (现在分词)
3 We saw him play sccer. (省t不定式)
4 We fund math difficult.(形容词)
6)状语(adverbial)
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的,比较等,可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词, 介词短语, 从句等。
1. Tm runs quickly.
2. I get up at six every day.
3. I play sccer very well.
4. In the classrm, the by needs a pen.
5. Having t finish his hmewrk, the by needs a pen.
6. The by needs a pen t d his hmewrk
7)双宾语:IO +DO
直接宾语:在动词后方所跟的双宾语中,表示物的叫做直接宾语direct bject(简称“直宾”),表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect bject)。
He read us the text. → He read the text t us.
My sister wrte me a letter. → My sister wrte a letter t me.
Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English t us.
My mther bught me a watch. → My mther bught a watch fr me.
Her mther made her a cake. → Her mther made a cake fr her.
Step 2: Enable students t master the knwledge f basic sentence structures.
简单句的基本句型结构
简单句:只存在一个主谓关系的句子,即一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。
五大基本句型
英文的基本句型有五种,它们是:
A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语(SVP)
B.主语 + 动词(SV)
C.主语 + 动词 + 宾语(SVO)
D.主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO)
E.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC)
1) A.主 + 系 + 表
英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式,也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有:appear(相似、显得),becme(变成) , cme(变得) , feel(摸起来) , fall(变得) , get(变得) , grw(变得) , hld(保持) , keep(保持) ,lk(看上去),remain(仍然是) , seem看起来) , stand(保持) , stay(保持) , smell(闻起来) , sund(听起来) , turn(变成) , taste(尝起来)等。
例如:This machine is in gd cnditin. 这台机器的情况良好。
The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人。
Silk feels sft and smth. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。
2) B.主 + 谓(SV)
这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有直接宾语;但常带有状语。
例如:The water is biling . 水开了。
They have been waiting there fr hurs. 他们一直在那儿等了数小时。
The train will leave sn. 火车就要开了。
3) C.主 + 谓+ 宾(SVO)
这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,那么它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中,当一个动词(包括单个动词和动词短语)作及物动词用时,它必须要有自己的宾语(除非是宾语在上下文里很明确地提到过,为避免不必要的重复,才会省去。),否则会视为"句子不完整"。
Tm has a brther. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted t have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。
He successfully carried ut his plan . 他成 功地实行了他的计划。
4) D.主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOO)
此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语:"间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当;"直接宾语",往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。常见的这类谓语动词有:
award (授予某人……), buy(给某人买……),bring(带给某人……), get(给某人弄到……), give(给某人……), hand(递给某人……), lend(借给某人……), leave(留给某人…… ), pay(支付某人……) , pass(递给某人……), read(给某人读……), rent(租赁某人……), recmmend(将某人推荐给……) , send(送给某人……), shw(给某人看……),tell(告诉某人……), take(给某人拿……), teach(教某人……) , write(给某人写……)等。例如:
(注:上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的,以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。)
He brught me a cat. 他给我带来一件大衣。
Pass me the dictinary, please. 请将词典递给我。
I lend him my bicycle. 我把自行车借给他了。
5) E.主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补(SVOC)
此句型概括了这样一种情况:有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构(即:宾语 + 宾语补足语)。在这一结构中,宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有:
ask(请求,要求) , allw(容许) ,appint(任命) , believe(相信) , call(称) , cause(使得) , catch(发现) , cnsider(认为) , elect(选举) , expect(预期) , feel(感觉到) , find(发现) , get(使得) , have(使,让) , hear(听到) , imagine(想象) , keep(保持) , knw(知道) , let(使) , listen t(听) , lk at(看,瞧) ,make(使) , ntice(注意到) , see(看见) , smell(闻到) , start(使……开始) , watch(注视,看) , tell(告诉) , think(想,认为) , want(想要) , wish(希望)等等。例如:
We elected him ur mnitr. 我们选他当班长。
The news made me happy. 那消息使我很高兴。
We knw him t be an expert. 我们知道他是专家。
He heard smebdy pening the dr . 他听见有人在开门。
I fund myself in dark. 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。
6) there be句型
There be 句型是英语中常用句型, 意思是"有",表示"人或事物的存在"或"某地有某物"。There在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词"那里"的含义
1、There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致,即“近主原则”,如:
There is a lamp n the table.
There are sme apples in the bwl.
There are five bks, tw pens and a ruler in the schl bag.
There is a ruler, tw pens and five bks in the schl bag.
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