专题04 动词的时态和语态-2025年高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备（(知识点课件+精析精练)）

这是一份专题04 动词的时态和语态-2025年高考英语一轮复习语法知识必备（(知识点课件+精析精练)），文件包含04动词的时态和语态pptx、04动词的时态和语态docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
考点1　一般时态【考题再现】①(2024·潮州模拟) An ncming ice age made the cean water cld and _________(bring) mre nutrients, resulting in mre fd fr large whales.②(2024·泸州模拟) Zhang is the fifth Chinese female scientist t win the award.The ther fur winners _____(be) frm Suth Africa, the UK, Argentina and Canada.③(2024·北京海淀模拟) This was nt my first attempt t learn t ride a bike.I had tried n several ccasins but always _______(fail).
【要点归纳】1.一般现在时(d/des; am/is/are)(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm,smetimes, usually, every day/night等连用。(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于g, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, cme等动词。(3)表示普遍真理。
(4)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。He plays basketball every day.The film starts at tw ’clck.The earth ges rund the sun.If yu lk at all sides f the situatin, yu’ll prbably find a slutin that suits everyne.
2.一般过去时(did; was/were)(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner”.(2)表示过去的习惯性动作。
【特别提示】used t d表示“过去常常做……”We used t g there every year.We ften played tgether when we were children.—Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?—I went t Ningxia and stayed there fr three years, teaching as a vlunteer.
【要点巩固】①(2024·厦门一中模拟) Althugh a rm cst 1,000 yuan, Zha __________(treasure) the pprtunity t relax in the natural envirnment.②(2024·韶关模拟) Deeply impressed by the taste, he __________(pcket) sme leaves and cntinued with his trip.③(2024·北京东城模拟) Every year, the rganizatin ________(decide) n a new theme.And the theme fr 2024 is Museums, Sustainability and Well-being.④(2024·开封模拟) Analysis f data later __________(indicate) that the signal came frm a dwarf galaxy (矮星系) three billin light years away.⑤(2024·秦皇岛模拟) Vidyun ______(win) at the age f 10.His phtgraph als earned him the verall title f Yung Wildlife Phtgrapher f the Year.
考点2　进行时态【考题再现】①(2024·北京昌平模拟) Of curse, while I ______________(prduce) Thinking Better: The art f the shrtcut, I read a gd few bks. ②(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编) Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what _____________(happen). ③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写改编) Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Bstn wh rde a hrse at night n April 18, 1775 t Lexingtn t warn peple that British sldiers _____________(cme). 
was prducing
is happening
were cming
【要点归纳】1.现在进行时(am/is/are ding)(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有g, cme, leave, start, arrive, return, wrk, sleep, stay, have, wear等。(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always, cnstantly, cntinually等副词连用)。He is listening t a tape, but he can’t hear it clearly. He is leaving tmrrw t play his first match. We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeare’s petry.
2.过去进行时(was/were ding)(1)表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that mment, at this time yesterday, at ten ’clck yesterday等短语连用。(2)过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。(3)过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者带有褒义或贬义的感情色彩。We were playing ftball at this time yesterday afternn. Susan had quit her well-paid jb and was wrking as a vlunteer in the neighbrhd when I visited her last year.She was always arguing with him and fighting with him.
3.将来进行时(will/shall be ding)表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有this time tmrrw, frm 1:30 p.m. t 4:30 p.m., the day after tmrrw等。I will be discussing the situatin with my clleagues this time tmrrw.
【要点巩固】①(2023·浙江高考1月阅读B改编) I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I ___________(live) with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. ②(2023·浙江高考1月阅读C改编) As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it __________(talk) abut.” 
was living
is talking
③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A改编) Whether yu ___________(hike) a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. ④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷七选五改编) One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene __________(wait) fr yu at the gym.” ⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B改编) I ____________(turn) the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand. 
are hiking
is waiting
was turning
考点3　将来时态【考题再现】①(2023·浙江高考1月阅读B改编) Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu ________(be) ready t jump n that bandwagn. ②Patting me n the shulder, he inspired me t cntinue writing in English and believed that I ____________(make) great achievements in writing. ③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷七选五改编) Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.Yu __________(want) t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme. 
【要点归纳】1.一般将来时(will/shall d)(1)“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。(2)“be ging t+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。(3)“be t+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;③注定要发生的事情。(4)“be abut t+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
We shall be punished if we break the rule. My daughter is ging t wrk next year. They are t attempt t be the first t circle the Earth nn-stp by balln.Will yu kindly bey the instructins I am abut t give?(2023·浙江高考1月阅读B) Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去, 着眼未来”的一种时态, 常用于宾语从句中。They said they wuld give the plice their full cperatin. 【特别提示】除“shuld/wuld+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用shuld,其他人称通常用wuld),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式: was/were ging t d, was/were abut t d, was/were t d,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用wuld d/used t d。I had a feeling yu were ging t have difficulty ding this.He was abut t ffer an explanatin t the plice.
【要点巩固】①(2023·全国甲卷阅读B改编) With millins f peple likely t take n DIY prjects ver the cming weeks, new research shws that mre than half f peple are planning t make the mst f the lng, warm summer days t get jbs dne.The average spend per prject ________(be)arund ￡823. ②(2022·全国甲卷阅读B改编) In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it ________(be) anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A改编) Class activities __________(vary) frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class’ lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. ④This was David’s run.He had wrked fr it, and he _______(will) nt give up! As lng as he was in sight, David heard peple calling his name.⑤Yu said yu ____________(cme) t China t learn mre abut the Chinese culture this year. 
考点4　完成时态【考题再现】①(2024·郑州模拟) Frm writing petry t making music, ChatGPT ____________(amaze) the wrld since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based cmpany OpenAI. ②(2024·枣庄模拟) In 2001, his passin fr China’s traditinal and mdern art brught him t Beijing, and he ___________________________(wrk) there ever since. ③(2024·潮州模拟) “Over the next three r fur millin years, the blue whales grew 10 times bigger than they __________(be), ” the scientists said. 
has amazed
has been wrking/has wrked
【要点归纳】1.现在完成时(have/has dne)(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作,常用的时间状语:already, just, yet, never, befre, lately, recently, in the last/past few years, up t nw, s far等。(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态,常与fr, since等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。(4)This/It is the first/secnd... time+that从句,that从句中谓语动词要用现在完成时。(5)It(This) is the best(wrst, mst interesting等)+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。
China’s high-speed railways have grwn rapidly in the past few years.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping experiences ver the past ten years.(2022·全国甲卷阅读A) The New Theatre has been the hme f quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shws fr mre than 100 years.I wn’t pay yu until yu have finished this jb. This is the first time I have left my cuntry and set ft n freign sil.
2.过去完成时(had dne)(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。(2)表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:by then, by that time, by the end f, by the time+句子等。(3)表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hpe, want, expect, think, mean, suppse, plan, intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。(4)在“hardly(scarcely)” “n ” 句型中, 主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。By that time, I had already made the decisin t leave.I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn’t manage it.We had n sner had supper than we began t repair the machine.
3.现在完成进行时(have/has been ding)(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。We have been waiting fr him fr tw hurs.(2021·全国乙卷阅读A) Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece.(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。(2020·天津高考)—Yu are a great swimmer.—Thanks.It’s because I have been practising a lt these days.
【要点巩固】①(2024·北京朝阳模拟) Recently, it ___________(gain) great ppularity in China amng yung peple. ②(2024·安阳模拟) Since the establishment f the frest farm, ver 20 cuples ______________(guard) the watchtwer, and there has been n fire reprted in the farm. ③(2024·广东模拟) Since its premiere in 2014, the dance drama ___________(tur) fr ver 200 perfrmances natinwide. ④(2022·全国乙卷阅读B改编) The girls __________(g) t Smith Cllege.They wre expensive clthes. ⑤(2024·南充模拟) Since 1984, dzens f cuntries and regins frm all ver the wrld ____________(jin) in the festival. 
has gained
have guarded
have jined
考点5　被动语态【考题再现】①(2024·潍坊模拟) Intermittent fasting, als referred t as time-restricted feeding, is a dietary strategy where all meals ______________(cnsume) during a shrt windw f time each day. ②(2024·泸州模拟) In 2016, Zhang __________(give) the Rmer-Simpsn Lifetime Achievement Award. ③(2024·内江模拟) The cash will g t an rganizatin called One Billin Meals Endwment, which ________(set) up by Dubai’s ruler Sheikh Mhammed bin Rashid in 2022. 
are cnsumed
【要点归纳】　　被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”,只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态。除be外,被动语态的构成形式还有“get/becme+过去分词”。 只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语态。常考的不及物动词或短语:last, cst, spread, happen(t), take place, belng t, break ut, g ut, run ut, wrk ut。
1.被动语态的构成(以d为例)
2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。The reprters asked the president sme questins.→The president was asked sme questins by the reprters. →Sme questins were asked the president by the reprters. (2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加t(位置不变)。I heard him say gd-bye t his friends.→He was heard t say gd-bye t his friends.(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。This dictinary must be taken gd care f.
(4)情态动词,be ging t, be t, be sure t等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。This bk may nt be taken ut f the reading rm. (5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语get paid/hurt等。They get paid twice as much as I d, but the jb is exactly the same as mine.
3.主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel, sund, taste, lk等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。(2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, pen, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。The music isn’t pleasant t listen t.This kind f radi desn’t sell well.
【要点巩固】①(2024·德州模拟) Every mrning, Nanjing Museum ___________(crwd) with yung turists. ②(2024·焦作模拟) Given its utstanding architectural achievement and remarkable histrical influence, the Great Wall __________(list) as a UNESCO Wrld Cultural Heritage site in 1987. ③(2024·北京东城模拟) Since 1977, this day ___________________(celebrate) by the Internatinal Cuncil f Museums annually t raise awareness f the rle that museums play in the develpment f sciety. ④(2024·北京朝阳模拟) At the age f 61, he _____________(admit) int cllege, majring in jurnalism. ⑤(2024·北京丰台模拟) It is nt yet knwn hw the Olympic cntest ________________(arrange). 
was listed
has been celebrated
was admitted
will be arranged
高考真题训练1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As a little girl, I ________(wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.2.(2023·全国甲卷) Carsn prves that a simple literary frm that has been passed dwn thrugh the ages can still _____________(emply) tday t draw attentin t imprtant truths. 3.(2023·全国乙卷) Having visited several times ver the last 10 years, I ____________(amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. 
be emplyed
was amazed
4.(2023·全国乙卷) The remarkable develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, _______(mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.5.(2023·浙江高考·1月卷) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Frbidden City, surrunded in cncentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens f higher scial classes _______________(permit) t live clser t the center f the circles. 6.(2023·浙江高考·1月卷) The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften _________(feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars (柱子).7.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ______(be) previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity.
were permitted
8.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP ___________(design) t reflect the guiding principle f prtecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) f natural ecsystems. 9.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Henry ___________(fix) his car when he heard the screams. 10.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) He quickly _______(thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.11.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Ca ____________(walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar. 12.(2022·全国乙卷) The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety ___________(address) the pening ceremny.13.(2022·浙江高考) But hw can a painting _______________(appreciate) by smene wh’s blind? 14.(2022·浙江高考) When he felt a 3D versin f Lenard da Vinci’s “Mna Lisa” he ________(ntice)her smile right away.
is designed
was fixing
has walked
be appreciated
15.(2022·北京高考) Eventually, the man ________(catch) up with her, and he was nly trying t return her wallet!16.(2022·北京高考) Gas naturally _____(have) n recgnisable smell.17.(2022·北京高考) The use f thse plastics _____________(increase) by 300% since 2019. 18.(2022·浙江高考·1月卷) But Cbb and thers _____(be) nw questining that idea—pushing cnferences t prvide mre chances t participate remtely and changing their persnal behavir t d their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.19.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Yu can’t help wndering hw hard it _____(be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place.20.(2021·全国甲卷) The Xi’an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China’s lng histry.It __________(build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复). 
has increased
21.(2021·全国甲卷) We _______(hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate.22.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, ________(frm)the cre cllectin f the British Museum.23.(2021·浙江高考·1月卷) It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 _____________(cnsider) healthy. 24.(2021·浙江高考·1月卷) In cities, hwever, the gain _____(be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.The researchers described “striking changes” in the gegraphy f BMI.25.(2021·浙江高考·1月卷) In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries ________(study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.26.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The parts f a museum pen t the public __________(call)galleries r rms. 
is cnsidered
are called
27.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess-________ (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.28.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) It _______(mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn ______________(cnstruct). 29.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers ________(carry) special significance.30.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) The artist was sure he wuld __________(chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld man laughed. 31.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ________(pint) dwn the river.32.(2020·浙江高考) And, as mre children were brn, mre fd ____________(need) 
is cnstructed
was needed