人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters导学案，共31页。学案主要包含了高考链接等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.呈现教材原文例句，重视词汇在语境中的运用。
2.词汇用法讲解紧扣新课标和新考纲，深度和广度适中，条理清晰，系统完整。
3.精选高考真题例句、词典例句和时文例句，例句具有典型性和示范性。
4.展示高考真题，揭示高考命题角度和思路。
5.适合高一学生同步使用以及高三学生总复习使用。
Unit 4
1.disaster / dɪˈzɑ:stə(r) / n.灾难；灾害
natural disasters 自然灾害 （P47）
an air disaster 空难
It was the secnd air disaster in less than tw mnths. 这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。
Thusands f peple died in the disaster. 数千人在这场灾难中丧生。
2. trnad /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ / n.(pl. -es r -s) 龙卷风；旋风
The trnad killed dzens f lives. 那场龙卷风夺去了几十条人命.
3.drught / draʊt / n.旱灾；久旱
The grund is as hard as stne after the drught. 长期干旱后土地硬得就像石头一样。
4.landslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) ( 山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
The village was destryed by a landslide. 滑坡摧毀了村庄。
The heavy rain caused the landslide. 大雨引起山体滑坡。
5.slide / slaɪd / vi. & vt. (slid, slid ) (使 ）滑行；滑动
We slid n the ice. 我们在冰上滑行。
The dr slid pen. 门慢慢开了。
She slid the dr pen 她滑开了门。
slide int（使）滑入; 溜进
The thief slid int the rm. 小偷悄悄溜进房间。
6. tsunami / tsu:ˈnɑ:mi / 海啸
Large earthquakes can cause pwerful tsunamis. 大地震可以引起强烈的海啸。
7.fld / flʌd /
n. 洪水；大量
The heavy rain has caused flds in many parts f the cuntry. 大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。
Mre than 70 peple were killed in the flds. 70多人因洪灾丧生。
The river is in fld. 河水泛滥。
a fld f 大量的
He received a fld f thank-yu letters. 他收到大量感谢信件。
vi.淹没；大量涌入
Water flded in thrugh the back dr. 水从后门涌进来。
Telephne calls flded in frm all ver the cuntry. 全国各地的电话像潮水般打来。
vt使灌满水；淹没
The heavy rain fld the village. 大雨淹没了这个村庄。
The afternn light flded the little rms 午后的阳光洒满一间间小屋。
8.vlcanic eruptin / vɔlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃən / 火山喷发
Vlcanic eruptin is the mst terrible natural disasters n earth.
火山喷发是地球上最可怕的自然灾害之一。
9. magnitude / ˈmægnɪtju:d / n. (地）震级；重大
The Wenchuan earthquake had a magnitude f 8.0. 汶川地震的震级为8.0级。
We did nt realize the magnitude f the prblem.
我们没有意识到这个问题的重要性。

10. rescue / ˈreskju: / n.& vt. 营救；救援
What are the rescue wrkers and sldiers ding in the fld-hit area?
在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？（P48）
rescue wrkers/bats/helicpters/ camps救援人员 / 船只 / 直升机 /营
Internet rescue camps in Suth Krea and China try t save kids addicted t the screen.
韩国和中国的网络救援营试图拯救沉溺于手机的小孩。
Ten fishermen were saved in a sea rescue. 在一次海上营救行动中，十名渔民获救。
They were rescued by helicpter. 他们被直升机救走了。
rescue sb./ sth. frm… 从……中营救某人/某物
Firefighters rescued a child frm a burning building
消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。
【拓展】
rescuer /'reskju:ə(r)/ n. 救援者；救助者
Many peple burst int tears when a rescuer carried a girl ut f the ruins.
当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。
11. damage / ˈdæmɪdʒ /
vt. 损害；破坏
Which buildings were damaged in Seul ？ 首尔哪些建筑物受损？（P48）
The fire badly damaged the twn hall. 火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏。
Smking seriusly damages yur health. 吸烟严重损害健康。
n.损坏；损失
cause damage t sb/sth 对……引起损害
The earthquake caused serius damage t the huse. 地震给这所房子造成了严重的损坏。
d damage t sb/sth 对……造成损害
The strm didn't d much damage t crps. 暴风雨并未对庄稼造成严重损失。
12.destry/dɪ'strɔɪ/ vt. 摧毁 ；毁灭
Nearly everything in the city was destryed. 城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。（P49）
They've destryed all the evidence. 他们销毁了一切证据。
Heat gradually destrys vitamin C. 加热会逐渐破坏维生素C。
Yu have destryed my hpes f happiness. 你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。
13.evacuate / ɪˈvækjueɪt /
vt. 疏散；撤出
Almst 88,000 peple have been evacuated frm the area.
近88, 000人撤离了该地区。（P49）
The building is n fire. Evacuate all the peple immediately.
这座楼着火了，立即疏散人群。
vi. 撤离
When the frest fires brke ut, we were tld t evacuate.
当森林大火爆发时，我们被通知撤离。
14.helicpter / ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n. 直升机
Helicpters were used t fight the fire . 直升机被用来灭火。（P49）
The injured were sent t the hspital by helicpter . 伤员由直升机送到医院。
15. death/ deθ/ n. 死；死亡
N deaths, n injuries. 没有人员伤亡。（P49）
Tw children were burnt t death in the fire . 两个孩子被大火烧死。
He's drinking himself t death. 他这样喝酒非醉死不可。
16.affect /ə'fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾 病 ） 侵袭 ；深深打动
82 killed, 500,000 affected 82死亡，50万人受影响（P49）
A bad hme envirnment can affect a child's healthy grwth.
不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。
The thughts and behavirs f a teacher will affect thse f his pupils.
教师的思想和言行将影响到其学生的品质。
The illness has affected bth her mental and physical health. 这种疾病损害了她的身心健康。
They were deeply affected by the news f her death. 她死亡的消息使他们悲伤不已。
17．shelter/'ʃeltə/
n.避难处；居所；庇护
Shelters were set up by the gvernment. 政府搭建了庇护所。（P49）
Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs whse hmes had been destryed.
救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。（P50）
Peple were running fr the shelter frm the strm. 人们跑着找地方躲避暴风雨。
Many are sleeping in the pen because they have n shelter.
很多人因为没有栖身之所，只好露宿在外。
a night shelter fr the hmeless 无家可归者夜间收容所
an animal shelter 动物收容处
vt.保护；掩蔽
Perhaps I sheltered my daughter t much. 也许我对女儿保护过度了。
shelter sb/sth frm sb/sth 保护……免受……
Sme parents want t shelter their children frm any harm.
有些父母想保护他们的孩子不受任何伤害。
vi. 躲避 （风、雨或危险）
shelter frm sth 躲避（风、雨或危险）
We sheltered frm the rain in a drway. 我们在一处门廊里避雨。
18. crack /kræk/
n..裂纹 ；裂缝
There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。（P50）
This cup has a crack in it. 这杯子有一道裂痕。
vi. & vt. (使 ）破裂
The glass will crack if yu pur ht water int it. 别往玻璃杯里倒热水，不然会烫裂杯子。
The ice cracked as I stepped nt it. 我一踩冰就裂了。
The little by failed t crack the walnut. 小男孩没能砸开核桃。
She drpped a plate and cracked it this mrning. 今天早上她把一个盘子掉在地上打破了。
19.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
It seemed as if the wrld were cming t an end！世界似乎要到末日！（P50）
It seems as if ur team is ging t win．看来我们队要胜了。
She std at the gate as if she was waiting fr smene. 她站在门口好像在等人。
as if的用法：
【高考链接】
20.ruin /'ru:ɪn/
n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数）
Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）
The huse has fallen int ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
Drinking was the ruin f him. 酗酒毁了他。
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
In less than ne minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。（P50）
The castle nw lies in ruins. 这个城堡现在已成为一片废墟。
vt. 破坏；毁坏
The crps were ruined by the heavy rain. 农作物被大雨全毁了。
The bad weather ruined ur trip. 坏天气毁了我们的旅行.
My new shes gt ruined in the mud. 我的新鞋被泥浆毁了。
【辨析】destry，damage，ruin
21.percent / pəˈsent / n. 百分之
Abut 75 percent f the city’s factries and buildings , 90 percent f its hmes, and all f its hspitals were gne.
大约75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园所有的医院都消失了。（P50）
We fund that nly fifteen percent f ur students exercise every day.
我们发现仅有15%的学生每天锻炼。
The price f the huse has risen by ten percent.房价上升了10%。
22.brick /brɪk/ n. 砖 ；砖块
Bricks cvered the grund like red autumn leaves. 残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着大地。（P50）
The huse is built f brick. 那座房子是用砖建造的。
This garden is surrunded by high brick walls. 花园四周有高高的砖墙环绕。
23.metal /'metl/ n. 金属
The railway tracks were nw useless pieces f metal.
铁轨如今成了一块块废金属。（P50）
a piece f metal 一块金属
The bx is made f metal. 盒子是用金属做的。
24.shck /ʃɒk/
n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
The little by was speechless with shck. 那小男孩惊得说不出话来。
He has never recvered frm the shck f his wife’s death.
他从未从妻子去世的打击中恢复过来。
Dn't tuch that wire r yu'll get a shck . 别碰那根电线，不然会触电的。
in shck 震惊；吃惊
Peple were in shck—and then, later that afternn, anther big quake shk Tangshan again.
人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。（P50）
vt (使 ）震惊
The news f his death shcked all f us. 他死亡的消息我们所有的人都感到震惊。
Everyne in the street was shcked by the news. 街上所有的人都被那条消息震惊了。
【拓展】
（1）shcked /ʃɔkt/ adj. （人感到）惊愕的；受震惊的
（2）shcking /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ adj. 令人震惊的；触目惊心的
I was shcked t hear the shcking news. 听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。
25.electricity / ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti / n.电；电能
Water, fd, and electricity were hard t get. 水、食物，和电都很难弄到。（P50）
The electricity had been cut ff. 停电了。
We can use the pwer f the wind t make electricity．我们可以使用风力来发电。
26.trap /træp/
vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套
Sn after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 sldiers t Tangshan t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.
地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）
be trapped in… 被困在……中
Sme f the wrkers were trapped in the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。
The children trapped in the burning building were saved at last.
被困在燃烧着的楼房里的孩子们最后得救了。
trap sb int（ding）sth诱使某人（做）某事
They trapped her int marrying their sn. 他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。
n. 险境；陷阱
A fx was caught in a trap. 一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。
Sme wmen see marriage as a trap. 有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。
27. bury / ˈberi / vt. 埋葬；安葬
He died at the age f 80 and was buried in his hmeland. 他80岁去世了，被安葬在他的家乡。
I was lking fr my handbag, which was buried under a pile f ld newspapers.
我正在找被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
He buried his face in his hands and wept. 他双手掩面而泣。
She had learnt t bury her feelings. 她已经学会了感情不外露。
bury ne’s head / neself in… = be buried in… 专心致志于……
My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper.
= My father was buried in his newspaper. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。
Buried in my bk, I didn’t realize it was raining. 我专心致志地看书，没注意到下雨了。
28.breathe / bri:ð / vi.& vt.呼吸
Slwly, the city began t breathe again. 慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。（P50）
It’s gd fr the health t breathe deeply. 做深呼吸对身体有益。
Mst peple dn't realize that they are breathing plluted air.
大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。
【拓展】
breath /ˈbreθ/ n. 气息；呼吸；一口气
Yu can see peple’s breath n a cld day. 冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。
She tk a deep breath. 她做了一次深呼吸。
hld ne’s breath 屏住气
ut f breath 上气不接下气
29.revive / rɪˈvaɪv / vt.& vi复活；（使 ）苏醒
Tangshan began t revive itself and get up n its feet again.
唐山开始恢复元气，重新站起来。（P50）
They managed t revive the injured driver at last. 他们最终使受伤的司机苏醒了过来。
The flwers sn revived in water. 这些花见了水很快就活过来了。
The ecnmy is beginning t revive. 经济开始复苏。
30.revival / rɪˈvaɪvl/ n. 振兴；复苏
What d yu think helped in the revival f Tangshan city?
你认为是什么帮助唐山市的复兴？（P51）
Wrld trade is shwing signs f revival. 世界贸易正显示出复苏的征兆。
Jazz is enjying a revival. 爵士音乐再度盛行。
31.effrt /'efət / n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
With strng supprt frm the gvernment and the tireless effrts f the city, a new Tangshan was built upn the earthquake ruins.
在政府的大力支持和全市人民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山在地震废墟上建成了。（P50）
Yu shuld put mre effrt int yur wrk. 你应该更加努力地工作。
All my effrts ended in failure . 我的一切努力最后都无济于事。
make an effrt 作出努力
S I make an effrt t be n time when I meet my friends.
所以当我与朋友见面时，我努力做到守时。
He was making an effrt t cntrl himself. 他努力控制自己的情绪。
32.unify / ˈju:nɪfaɪ / vi.& vt. 统一；（使 ）成一体
Germany unified fficially in 1990 ; Will the tw Kreas unify?
德国在1990年正式统一了；两个朝鲜能统一吗？
The new leader hpes t unify the cuntry. 新领袖希望把国家统一起来。
33.wisdm / ˈwɪzdəm / n. 智慧；才智
Tangshan city has prved t China and the rest f the wrld that in times f disaster, peple must unify and shw the wisdm t stay psitive and rebuild fr a brighter future.
唐山市已向中国和世界其他地区证明：在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致, 展现智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更光明的未来。（P50）
A man f great wisdm ften appears slw . 大智若愚。
Experience is the mther f wisdm. 经验为智慧之母。
【拓展】
wise / waɪz / adj. 聪明的；有智慧的
a wise ld man 智叟
She is a wise wman. 她是一个才女。
She made a very wise decisin. 她作了一个非常明智的决定。
I'm wiser after ten years in the business. 在商界混了十年之后，我变得聪明了。
34.cntext/ ˈkɒntekst / n. 上下文；语境；背景
Use cntext t understand new wrd 使用上下文来理解新单词。（P51）
Yu shuld be able t guess the meaning f the wrd frm the cntext.
你应该能从上下文语境猜出这个词的含义。
35.suffer / ˈsʌfə(r) /
vt. 遭受；蒙受
Within a few days she had becme seriusly ill and suffered great pain.
几天的时间，她就病得很严重了，疼痛难忍。
The cmpany suffered heavy lsses last year. 公司去年出现巨额亏损。
vi. ( 因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
They suffered terribly when their sn was killed. 儿子遇难之后，他们悲痛欲绝。
At least he died suddenly and didn’t suffer. 起码他死得很突然，没遭受痛苦。
suffer frm 因……而痛苦；患有（疾病等）
Sme were fund alive, thugh they were suffering frm terrible injuries.
有些人被发现还活着，尽管他们受到了严重的伤。（P51）
He suffered frm pr eyesight and culd n lnger read prperly.
他视力不好，再也不能正常阅读了。
He appears t be strng and healthy , but he suffers frm heart disease.
他看上去强健, 其实他患有心脏病。
【拓展】
（1）sufferer /ˈsʌfərə(r)/ n．受苦者；受难者；患病者
This new cancer treatment ffers hpe t many sufferers.
这新的癌症治疗法给许多病人带来希望。
（2）suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ n. 痛苦；苦难
We must bring suffering and hunger t an end in the wrld.
我们必须结束世界上的苦难和饥饿。
A man wh fears suffering is already suffering frm what he fears.
害怕承受痛苦的人，他已经在承受害怕本身所带来的痛苦了。
36.vlcan / vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ / n. 火山
Etna is Eurpe's mst active vlcan. 埃特纳山是欧洲最活跃的火山。
There are mre than 100 vlcanes in Japan. 日本有100多处火山。
37.erupt / ɪˈrʌpt / vi.& vt. ( 火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
The cuple vlunteered t help after the vlcan erupted.
火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿帮忙。（P52）
An active vlcan may erupt at any time. 活火山会随时喷发。
A fight has erupted utside the restaurant. 饭馆外发生了斗殴。
【拓展】
eruptin /ɪ'rʌpʃn/ n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发
The eruptin f the vlcan destryed many villages. 火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。
38.supply / səˈplaɪ /
n.供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品
The supplies which were prvided t the disaster area were cllected frm arund the cuntry.
向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。（P52）
Our water supply has been cut ff. 我们断水了。
Bks were in shrt supply. 书籍供应短缺。
vt. 供应；供给
supply sb with sth = supply sth t sb 向某人提供某物
Russia supplies the Eurpean cuntries with natural gas.
= Russia supplies natural gas t the Eurpean cuntries.
俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。
39.typhn / taɪˈfu:n / n.台风
Many hmes were destryed by the typhn. 许多房屋被台风摧毁。
40.in the pen air 露天；在户外
Peple put up shelters in the pen air. 人们在户外搭建庇护所。（P52）
The film will be shwn in the pen air tnight. 今晚电影在露天演。
41.hurricane / ˈhʌrɪkən / n . ( 尤指大西洋的）飓风
After the hurricane, many peple's hmes were destryed.
飓风过后许多人的房屋被毁。
42. survive / səˈvaɪv/
vt. 幸存；艰难度过
She's feeding the baby wh survived the earthquake 她正在喂养地震中幸存的婴儿。（P52）
Many birds didn't survive the cld winter. 很多鸟死于这次严冬。
She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。
vi.生存；存活
Of the six peple injured in the crash, nly tw survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。
Cmpanies must be able t survive in the marketplace.
公司必须有能力在市场竞争中生存下去。
survive frm sth 从……中幸存下来
Sme strange custms have survived frm earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。
survive n sth 依靠……生存
I can't survive n £40 a week. 一星期40英镑，我无法维持生活。
【拓展】
（1）survivr /sə'vaɪvə/ n. 幸存者；生还者
Everywhere survivrs lked, there was nthing but ruins.
幸存者无论朝哪里看，除了废墟什么也没有。（P50）
But hw culd the survivrs believe it was natural?
幸存者又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢？
There was nly ne survivr f the accident. 这次事故中只有一名幸存者。
It is said that there were n survivrs f the plane crash. 据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。
Many firms will die, but the survivrs will get strnger than befre.
许多公司将会倒闭，但是幸存下来的会更强大。
（2）survival /səˈvaɪvl/ 存活；幸存
the struggle/battle/fight fr survival 为生存而斗争 / 战斗 / 拼搏
I think life is a struggle fr survival. 我认为生活就是一场奋力求生的斗争。
If cancers are fund early there's a high chance f survival.
如果癌症在早期发现的话，存活的几率会很高。
43. pwer / ˈpaʊə(r) / n.电力供应；力量；控制力
pwer lines 电线（P52）
nuclear/wind/slar pwer 核 / 风 / 太阳能
pwer cut/failure断电/停电
There was n pwer at schl last night. It was s dark. 昨天晚上学校停电了，漆黑一片。
As is knwn t us, knwledge is pwer. 众所周知，知识就是力量。
I think it's imprtant fr China t raise its sft pwer.
我认为中国增加软实力是很重要的。
The Republican Party came t pwer in 2016. 美国共和党是在2016年上台执政的。
【拓展】
pwerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj.（指人）有权势的；有影响力的；（指物）强有力的
His grandfather nce was a rich and pwerful man. 他的爷爷曾经是一个有钱有势的人。
China is wealthier and mre pwerful than ever befre. 中国比以往任何时候更加富有和强大。
44. tap / tæp/
vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍
Smene tapped at the dr. 有人轻轻叩门。
He was busy tapping away at his cmputer. 他埋头敲着电脑键盘。
He tapped me n the shulder. 他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。
n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
the ht/cld tap热水 / 冷水龙头
He never drinks tap water. 他从不喝自来水。
Turn the tap n/ff . 打开 / 关上龙头。
Dn't leave the tap running. 别把水龙头开着白白流水。
He felt a tap n his shulder and turned rund. 他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。
45.pipe/ paɪp/ n.管子；管道
ht and cld water pipes冷、热水管
The pipes are made f plastic . 这些管子是用塑料制作的。
In the city, the water pipes in sme buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。
46.whistle / ˈwɪsl /
vi.吹口哨；发出笛声
whistle fr help 吹哨求救。（P52）
The crwd whistled as the player came nt the field. 那队员上场时，人群吹口哨。
The kettle began t whistle. 烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。
vt. 吹口哨
He was whistling a tune as he was walking. 他一边走，一边用口哨吹曲子。
n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
He scred the winning gal just befre the final whistle. 他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。
He listened t the whistle f a train. 他听着火车呼啸而过。
47.emergency/ iˈmɜ:dʒənsi / n. 突发事件；紧急情况
Call an emergency number. 拨打紧急电话（P53）
We must keep as cl as a cucumber in an emergency. 我们要在危急时刻保持镇定自若。
This dr shuld nly be used in an emergency .这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。
emergency rm/ exit急诊室/紧急出口
48. calm / kɑ:m /
adj.镇静的；沉着的
stay calm保持镇静（P53）
We shuld stay /keep/ remain calm in the face f danger. 我们在危险面前要保持镇静.
vt. 使平静；使镇静
calm sb/sth dwn 使……平静、安静或镇定下来
Yu will g smewhere quiet t calm yur friend dwn. 去个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。
He tk a deep breath t calm himself dwn．他深吸了一口气使自己平静下来。
【辨析】calm, quiet, still和silent
48.aid / eɪd /
n.援助；帮助；救援物资
first aid 急救
ecnmic /emergency aid 经济 / 紧急援助
with the aid f 在…的帮助下
He succeeded with the aid f a new methd he discvered.
借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。
vi.& vt. (frmal) 帮助；援助
T aid the pr farmers, the gvernment prvided them with a lt f mney.
为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。
49.kit / kɪt / n. 成套工具；成套设备
There are five pieces f luggage except the medical kit. 一共5件行李, 药箱除外。
first aid kit 急救箱（P53）
50. n hand现有（尤指帮助）
We wuld suggest always having n hand enugh water and fd fr three days.
我们建议在三天内保持有足够的水和食物。（P53）
He has t much wrk n hand. 他手头的工作太多了
I always like t keep sme mney n hand. 我总喜欢在手头备好一些钱。
51.crash / kræʃ/
vi.& vt. 碰撞；撞击
A tsunami crashed int castlines acrss Asia yesterday. 昨天海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线。（P54）
A truck went ut f cntrl and crashed int the back f a bus.
货车失控撞上了一辆公共汽车的尾部。
The plane crashed near the island. 那架飞机在岛附近坠毁了。
He crashed his car int a wall. 他的汽车撞到了墙上。
n. 撞车；碰撞
a car/plane crash 汽车撞车事故/飞机失事
It is said that there were n survivrs f the plane crash. 据说这次飞机失事无一人生还。
55. sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫
Culd yu please sweep the flr? 你扫扫地好吗？
Sweep the leaves int the crner where they wn't be nticed.
把落叶扫到墙角去,那儿不会被人注意.
sweep away消灭；彻底消除
Fishermen, turists, htels, hmes, and cars were swept away by huge wave.
渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。（P54）
The by helped Mther sweep the dirt away. 男孩帮助母亲清除尘土.
Let's sweep away the brken glass. 让我们把这些碎玻璃扫走.
56.wave / weɪv /
n.海浪；波浪
Cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strng earthquake.
汽车被强烈地震引起的巨浪冲走了。
Children were playing in the waves . 孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。
vi.& vt. 挥手；招手
The peple n the bus waved and we waved back.
公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。
They came t the frnt dr t wave gdbye. 他们来到前门挥手告别。
57. strike / straɪk /
vi.& vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打
The undersea quake struck arund 7:00. 海底地震发生在7点左右。（P54）
The ship struck a rck. 船触礁了。
The child ran int the rad and was struck by a car. 孩子跑到公路上给车撞了。
Strike while the irn is ht. 趁热打铁。
It suddenly struck me hw we culd imprve the situatin.
我一下子明白我们如何能改善局面了。
n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
They went n strike fr mre mney. 他们为了得到更多的钱而罢工。
The wrkers n strike were all fired. 罢工工人都被解雇了。
an air strike 空袭
58.deliver/ dɪˈlɪvə(r) /
vt. & vi.递送；传达
Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make it difficult t deliver fd and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。（P54）
D yu have yur milk delivered? 你的牛奶是让别人送吗？
We prmise t deliver within 48 hurs. 我们承诺在48小时内送到。
vt. 发表
The president will deliver a speech abut the ecnmic develpment.
总统将就经济发展发表讲话。
vt. 接生；生(小孩)
Lin Qiazhi ften went late at night t deliver a baby fr a pr family. 林巧稚经常在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生。
be delivered f a baby 分娩；生孩子
She was delivered f a healthy by. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。
59. summary /ˈsʌməri / n. 总结；概括；概要
A summary is a shrt statement f main pint. 摘要是对要点的简短陈述。（P55）
Here's a summary f the day's news. 下面是今日新闻简报。
in summary总的来说
In summary , this was a disappinting perfrmance.
总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
In summary the tw universities have sme things in cmmn.
总之，那两所大学有一些共同之处。
60.effect / ɪˈfekt / n.影响；结果；效果
have a great/ gd/bad/psitive / negative effect n
对……产生很大的/好的/坏的/积极的/消极的影响
His visit had a great effect n them. 他的来访对他们产生了巨大影响。
What parents say r d will have a great effect n their children.
父母所说或所做的一切都会对孩子产生很大的影响。
side effect（药物等起到的）副作用
Headaches are ne f the side effects f the drug.头痛是这种药物的副作用之一。
One side effect f mdern life is stress. 现代生活的一种副作用就是压力。
【高考链接】
【拓展】
affect /ə'fekt/ vt. 影响
61.length/ leŋθ/ n.长；长度
Is the summary the prper length? 摘要的长度合适吗？（P55）
This rm is twice the length f the kitchen. 这个房间的长度是厨房的两倍。
The river is 300 miles in length . 这条河长300英里。
The snake reaches a length f 100 cm. 蛇长达100厘米。
She had always kept his family at arm's length.
她一直与他的家人保持一定距离。
【拓展】
lng / lɒŋ / adj. 长的；长时间的
This rm is twice lnger than the kitchen. 这个房间的长度比厨房长两倍。
The river is 300 miles lng . 这条河长300英里。
as if 后面即可以接陈述语气也可以接虚拟语气,如果后面接的并非真实情况,则要用虚拟语气，时态变化形式如下：
= 1 \* GB3 ①和现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时（be动词用were）。
= 2 \* GB3 ②和过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。
= 3 \* GB3 ③和将来事实相反，从句用wuld/ culd+ d。
Sme peple like t talk abut film stars’ persnal life as if they were clse friends.
一些人喜欢谈论影星的私生活，好像他们是亲密朋友。
She lves the by as if she were his mther．她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样。
It was Jhn wh brke the windw. Why are yu talking t me as if I had dne it?
打破窗子的是约翰，为什么你和我说话，好像是我打破的。
He walked in as if he ______(buy) the schl. （ 2012广东 语法填空）
答案：had bught 句意：他走进来，似乎他买下了这个学校。as if引导的方式状语从句中，表示和过去事实相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时。
1.destry只用作动词，指强调用某种摧毁性的力彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作"破坏"、"毁灭"解,也可以指希望、计划等破灭。
The earthquake destryed almst the whle twn. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。
His hpe f being a writer was destryed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。
2.damage可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与 t sb/sth 连用。指部分"损坏"、"损害"或指价值有所降低。一般被破坏的物品可以重新修复。
Hundreds f huses in the area were damaged by the strm.
暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。
The accident did a lt f damage t his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。
3.ruin可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作动词时,作“破坏；毁灭；弄糟"解；用作名词时,表示"毁灭；毁坏；废墟"等抽象概念。表示破坏严重,以致不能修复, 这种破坏不是一次性毁灭某物，而是强调逐渐损坏的结果。
The flds ruined many precius paintings.这次水灾毁坏了很多珍贵的画。
Yu’ll ruin yur health if yu g n like this.这样下去你会毁了你的身体的。
The huse has fallen int ruins. 房子倒坍成了废墟。
1.calm （人）情绪镇静的；（天气，海洋等）平静的
He remained calm in the face f danger and led all the peple t a safe place. 面对危险，他保持镇静，把所有人带到了安全的地方。
The weather was fine and the lake was calm. 天气很好，湖面很平静。
2.quiet安静的（强调既没有动作，也没有声音）
Keep quiet! Father is sleeping. 保持安静! 爸爸在睡觉。
3.still静止不动的（强调没有动作）
Keep still while I take phts f yu.我给你照相时你不要动。
4.silent沉默的（强调没有声音）
Later he kept silent ver his brave behavir.后来他对自己的勇敢行为保持沉默。
This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(医学界) as a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side_____ ( effect) such as verweight and heart disease - the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.（2017全国卷I 语法填空）
答案：effects句意：这个趋势是由医学界将其作为一种对抗心脏病的方法开始的，但已经有一些意想不到的副作用，像超重和心脏病，这些副作用正是医学界尝试去对抗的。
根据空前的“sme”及空后的“such as verweight and heart disease”可知用名词复数形式effects。