人教版八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练Unit8【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)

这是一份人教版八年级英语上册单元速记·巧练Unit8【速记清单】(原卷版+解析)，共42页。

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?考点1、shaken n.&v.摇动;抖动[教材原句]Drink the milk shake,喝奶昔。常见用法①shake作名词,意为"奶昔",还可表示"摇动;抖动"。Give the bottle a good shake before use.使用前要用力摇见瓶子。②shake作动词时,意为"摇动;抖动",其过去式为shook。用作及物动词时,其后可以直接跟人或物作宾语,也可构成固定搭配。背例句学搭配Mr. Green shook her hand warmly.= Mr. Green shook hands with her warmly.格林先生热情地和她握手。Mark shook his head sadly.马克难过地摇了摇头。固定搭配shake sb. 's hand -=shake hands with sb.和某人握手 shake one's head摇头【经典练】1．—________？—I want to make apple milk shake.A．What is your favorite food B．How do you make apple milk shakeC．How many apples do you need D．What do you want to make for them【写作佳句】I said congratulations, walked over to him and shook his hand我说了祝贺,走向他并和他握手。考点2 add v.增加;添加[教材原句]Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.然后加入卷心菜、西红柿和洋葱,再煮上10分钟。 add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：（1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”，例如：　 Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。（2）add to表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如：Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty. 参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。（3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如：　 Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.　 把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。 （4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如： All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.【经典练】1.Please ________ all the figures to see how much they ________. A. add; add up B. add up; add up to C. add up; add up D. add; add to【写作佳句】Add some hot water to the coffee if you think it is much too strong.如果你认为这咖啡太浓，就加点儿热水。考点3 finally adv.最后;最终[教材原句]Finally. don't forget to add some salt.最后,别忘了加些盐。常见用法finally作为副词,意为“最后;最终",可以放在动词前面,也可以作为句子副词,放在句首，与后面的部分用逗号隔开。After several delays, we finally took off at six o'clock.在几次延误后,我们最终在6点起飞。Finally, I'd like to thank my family.最后,我想感谢我的家人。联想拓展①finally是final的副词形式。final可以作形容词,意为"最终的;决定性的";也可以作名词,意为"决赛"。②finally 可以表示时间的位置,相当于at last, in the end;也可以表示时间的先后顺序，与firstly,secondly, next等词连用。【经典练】2．—I heard a car accident happened last night. Was anyone hurt?—Two men got hurt. Finally, the police sent them to the hospital.A．At first B．At the front C．At last【写作佳句】After a discussion, they finally agreed with each other.经过一番讨论后，他们彼此终于达成了一致意见。考点4 turn on turn on是动副短语，意为“打开”，反义词为turn off，意为“关闭”。例如： Please turn on the radio. 请打开收音机。 Please turn off the light. 请关灯。 【拓展】（1）在英语中，由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代词，只能放在动词与副词之间；如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以放在副词之后。turn与off; on; up; down; over搭配均是动副结构。例如： Please turn the tap off. Don’t turn it on. 请把水龙头关掉，别打开。Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on. 打开电脑。（2）turn on与open的辨析： turn on通常指打开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turn off。 open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为close。例如： I want to watch the football match. Please turn on the TV. 我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。 Please open the door for me. 请为我开门。（3）与turn相关的短语： turn up (把音量)调大，调高 turn down (把音量)调小，调低 turn in 上交 turn into使成为；翻译成 turn out关；熄灭（灯、煤气等） turn to转向 turn over翻转【经典练】1. Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s __________ the TV.A. turn down B. turn off C. turn to D. turn on【写作佳句】He turn on the computer and begins to do his homework. 他打开电脑开始写作业。考点5 cut up cut up意为“切碎”，其同义词组为cut into pieces。cut up后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在cut和up之间；接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在up后。例如：cut it(them) up 把它（它们）切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎【拓展】cut意为“切；割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。常见搭配： cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕相关短语： 辨析：cut off / cut down / cut in / cut out  【经典练】1. —I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake. —Yes. The doctor had to his right leg to save him. A. cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down【写作佳句】We must cut up the tomatoes and put them into the blender.我们必须把西红柿切碎，然后把它们放进搅拌器。考点6 fill Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.接着,用这个面包混合物填满火鸡。fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。Everything is filled with new life.  万物充满了生气。He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。【拓展】full 作为形容词，意为“充满的”。例如：  Please tell me the full story.   请将全部情况告诉我。    The train was traveling at full speed.  火车正全速前进。    be full of   意为“充满……的”。例如： The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。 【经典练】1. —Can I fill the box ________ my model cars?—I'm afraid not. It's full ________ my school things.A. with; with B. of; of C. of; with D. with; of【写作佳句】As president Xi says ,“If we are filled with energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”考点7 let let的用法let意为“让，允许”， 表示 “让（允许）某人做某事”应该说“let somebody do something”，不能说“let somebody to do something”。如：Let me help you. 让我帮助你。His mother doesn’t let him go out at night. 他母亲不让他晚上出去。“Let’s…”是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型，“Let’s”是“Let us”的缩写形式。例如：Let’s go to school. 咱们上学吧。Let’s play basketball after school. 咱们放学后打篮球吧。拓展：Let’s 与Let us在用法上略有区别在表示向对方提出建议，涉及双方的共同行为时，“Let us”可以缩写成“Let’s”；而表示请求对方允许做某事，不涉及对方行为时，“Let us”不能缩写成“Let’s”。例如：Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。Let us know your telephone number. 请把你的电话号码告诉我们。（Let us 不能缩写成Let’s）注意：以“Let’s”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“shall we？”，因为Let’s是把说话人包含在内了；以“Let us”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“will you?”， 因为“Let us”没有把说话人包含在内。【经典练】1.—Let’s watch a basketball game. —________.  A.I see B. You’re welcome C. That sounds good D. Nice to see you 【写作佳句】My grandpa always lets us play sports. 我的祖父总是让我们做运动。考点8 forget forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。【拓展】（1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，事情还没有做。例如：Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。（2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如： He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。【经典练】1.—Do you still remember ________ Yao Ming in Beijing?—Yes, of course, three years ago.A. to meet B. meetingC. meet D. met【写作佳句】 I forgot telling you about that before.我忘了以前跟你说过那件事了。考点9 celebrate v.庆祝;庆贺教材原句：These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.现在,大多数美国人仍然通过和家人在家中吃大餐的方式来庆祝这种感恩的思想。常见用法celebrate意为"庆祝;庆贺",既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,还可用在短语celebrate..with.../by doing sth.中,意为"用......庆祝...../通过做某事来庆祝......。It's her birthday today. Let's celebrate.今天是她的生日,咱们来庆祝一下。They celebrated their 20th anniversary by holding a big party.他们举办了一场盛大的聚会来庆祝他们的20周年纪念日。联想拓展celebrate的名词形式为celebration,当其意为"庆祝会;庆祝活动"时,是可数名词;当其意为"庆祝;庆贺"时,是不可数名词。They celebrated their graduation.他们庆祝毕业。【经典练】1．Tom ______ his 24th birthday two days ago.A．celebrate B．celebrates C．celebrated D．is celebrating【写作佳句】 We will celebrate our grandmother’s 79th birthday the day after tomorrow.后天我们将庆祝我们祖母的79岁生日。考点10 mix n.混合配料.(使)混合;融合教材原句：First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper.首先,将一些面包屑、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。背例句学搭配If you mix red and yellow, you will get orange.=lf you max red with yellow, you will get orange.如果你把红色和黄色混合起来,你会得到橙色。You're always mixing me up with my twin sister.你总是把我和我的双胞胎妹妹弄混。固定搭配①mix A and/with B使A和B混合②mix sb. up with sb.把某人与某人弄混联想拓展mixed为形容词,意为"混合的"mixture为名词,意为"混合:混合体"。【经典练】1．—Mum, how can I make the cake more delicious?—Add some eggs and mix them _____________ milk.A．in B．to C．with D．into【写作佳句】Finally, you need to put all the fruit in the bowl and mix it up.最后，你需要把所有的水果放在碗里，搅拌一下。考点11cover v.遮盖;覆盖 n.覆盖物;盖子教材原句：When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.肖火鸡准备好的时候,把它放在一个大的盘子上并浇上肉汁。背例句学搭配She covered her knees with a blanket。她用一条毯子盖住膝盖。The ground is covered by/with thick fallen leaves.地面被厚厚的落叶所覆盖。固定搭配cover A with B 用B盖住Abe covered by/with... 被......覆盖联想拓展①cover作动调时,还可表示"包括;涉及;进(一段)路程”。This program covers a lot of hot topics.这个节目涉及很多热门话题。We covered thirty miles yesterday.昨天我们走了30英里。②cover作名调时,意为"封面”。Don't judge a book by its cover,不要以貌取人。【经典练】1.The well (井）was full water and he covered it the lid(盖子）.A．with；for B．with；with C．of；with D．with；by【写作佳句】Two thirds of the farmland here is covered with ice.这里三分之二的农田被冰覆盖了。考点 12 serve v..接待;服务;提供教材原句：... serve it to your friends with some vegetables.加一些蔬菜,把它端给你的朋友们吃。例句 Breakfast is served until 9 a.m.早餐供应到上午九点。背例句学搭配The waiter is serving another table.服务员正在招待另一桌人。We served some sweets to the kids.我们给孩子们拿来了一些糖。固定搭配①serve sb./sth.招待某人/提供某物 ②serve sth. to sb.给某人提供某物联想拓展serve的名词形式是service,意为“服务”。servant也是由serve演变而来的,意为“仆人”。【经典练】1．My parents and I had dinner in the new restaurant and the waiter ________ our meals quickly.A．serves B．is serving C．served D．is going to serve【写作佳句】My mother always serves fruit to my friends.我的妈妈总是用水果招待我的朋友们。要点16 enjoy考点13 enjoy的用法作为动词，意为“喜爱；享受……的乐趣”。常用于：  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事；享受做某事的乐趣”。The little boy enjoys reading books very much. 那个小男孩儿非常喜爱读书。 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心；过得愉快”，其同义短语为have fun, have a good time。We enjoyed ourselves in the swimming pool yesterday.我们昨天在游泳池里玩得很开心。拓展：　　只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：喜欢（enjoy），思念（miss），介意（mind）；完成（finish），练习（practise），放弃（give up）。【经典练】1.My parents enjoy________ for a walk after supper.A. go B. goes C. going D. to go【写作佳句】I really enjoy walking around the town with my parents in the evening.我真的很喜欢晚上时和父母在城镇里散步。考点14 pour ….into…pour ….into… pour…into…意为“把……倒进……里”，意义相当于put…into…，但pour …into…通常强调倾倒液体；而put…into…既可以放液体，也可以放固体。例如： He poured the milk into the cup. 他把牛奶倒进杯子里。 You must put them into the blender. 你得把他们放进搅拌器里。 【拓展】 1）pour意为“倾倒；灌；浇”。例如：Please pour me a cup of tea. / Please pour a cup of tea for me. 请给我倒杯茶。pour也有“（雨）倾盆而下，下大雨”的意思。例如： It never rains but it pours. （谚）屋漏偏遭连阴雨。/ 一波未平，一波又起。2）in和into的区别： in和into都可表示“在（到）……里面”，有时可以互换，但侧重点不同。in是表示物体位置的静态介词；into是表示动作方向的动态介词，常与表示动作的动词，如come; go; run; rush等连用；当与put; fall; throw等动词连用时，二者可以互换。类似的词有on和onto。例如： I found him in the classroom. 我在教室里找到了他。 Please help me carry the books into the classroom. 请帮我把这些书搬到教室里去。【经典练】1．He _______ some milk _______ the blender.A．added; to B．put; into C．poured; in D．poured; into【写作佳句】—Please help me to pour the water into the cup. 请帮我把水倒进杯子里。思维导图一．语法精讲一、祈使句定义： 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。 这种句子的主语是第二人称you，通常省略，谓语用动词原形一．具体用法：注意：在祈使句的句首或句尾加please，可以使祈使句的语气更委婉。注意：在句尾加please时，要在please前加逗号。Please speak loudly.＝Speak loudly，please.请大声讲话。二．口诀：三、结构：　　肯定结构： 1. Do型 Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 2. Be型 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构： 1.Do型和Be型否定式:在句首加don't构成。Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！ 2.Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't let sb do sth./ “Let sb not do sthDon't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 No parking! 禁止停车 四、与please 连用，表示委婉语气 Please open the window. Please don’t open the window.五、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。 — Please check your answer！Yes， I will.二、可数名词与不可数名词普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、可数名词定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana ② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：【巧学妙记】【记】 黑人（Negro → Negroes） 英雄 （hero →heroes ） 爱吃土豆（Potato → potatoes） 和西红柿 （tomato →tomatoes）【注】以o 结尾的名词，加s 的有【记】 我听广播(radio→ radios)， 也看到电视录像( video→ videos)，说动物园( zoo→ zoo)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→ kangaroos) 弹着钢琴(piano→ pianos)吸引游客来照相（二） 不规则变化【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形　2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；【单复数不同形】：1. child → children2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men)3. foot → feet tooth → teeth二、不可数名词：（一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶（二）、 不可数名词的用法：1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：（1）用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少 I don’t want any advice, I want some information (2) 用a piece of 这类短语： a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea. 如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数注意：可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。二、单元写作一、话题分析本单元的话题是“食物制作”。与本话题相关的作文题目往往与如何制作某种食物相关。写作内容是描述制作一种食物的过程，不论是制作喝的奶昔类，还是制作吃的沙拉类，写作内容要包括所需材料、制作的步骤、方法和注意事项等。写作时常要用表示顺序的副词first，next，then，finally等，以使整篇文章更有条理；因为是介绍方式方法的说明文，要用一般现在时作为主要时态。 ⑴ 那么首先要审题，确定时态为一般一般过去式或一般现在时，人称为第一人称，开头要开篇点题，叙述制作这种食物的原因。 ⑵ 正文要介绍做这种食物整个过程。用上first, next, then, finally表示先后顺序的副词。 ⑶ 结尾要对自己做这种食物进行评价。第一步：概述所要表达的话题；第二步：按顺序描述制作方法：首先做什么； 其次做什么； 然后做什么； 接下来做什么；……最后做什么。第三步：制作好的感受【词汇积累】machine 机器　　　　blender 食物搅拌器spoon 勺；调羹 oven 烤箱；烤炉plate 盘子；碟子 pot 锅 salt 食盐 sandwich 三明治butter 黄油；奶油 peel 剥皮；去皮 11. pour the milk into the blender把牛奶倒入搅拌机 12. cut up the apples切碎苹果13. put the turkey into the oven　把火鸡放入烤箱 14. cook for 15 minutes煮15分钟15. don’t forget to add some salt别忘记加盐 16. turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开17. give thanks for… 因……而感谢18. mix together 融合在一起19. fill cup with water用水填满杯子句型积累How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样做香蕉奶昔？2. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器。3. Pour the milk into the blender. 把牛奶倒进搅拌器中。4. To make a cake, you need eggs, butter and sugar.5. I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday. 我想为周六的聚会制作俄式汤。6. First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper. 首先，将一些面包片、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。To share the cake, please cut it into six pieces.8. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来，将这份面包混合物填在火鸡里。9. Cook it at a very high temperature for a long time. 在高温下将它煮好长时间。10. Cooking delicious meals can bring a lot of fun to your life.11. In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.在特殊的日子里吃传统的食物是一个传统。The Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day in the fifth month of Chinese calendar. It’s also a time for family to get together.　端午节在农历五月初五，是全家团结的时刻。People celebrate The Dragon Boat Festival by eating zongzi and watching the Dragon Boat races.　人们通过吃粽子和观看龙舟的方式欢度端午。◆开头句①Let me tell you how to make fruit salad.②Here is one way to make turkey.③To make fruit salad，we need one apple，two oranges，one watermelon，three teaspoons of honey and one cup of yogurt.◆中间句①First，peel the apple and oranges and cut them up.②Next，put them in a big bowl.③Then，pour the honey and yogurt into the bowl.④Finally，mix them all up.◆结尾句①Now the fruit salad is OK.It is so delicious.②Please come and smell it!③Now you can enjoy the traditional food.【谚语积累】1．It is difficult to cater for all tastes.众口难调。2．Food is the first necessity of the people.民以食为天。3．Some soup before dinner，healthy body forever.饭前喝口汤，永远没灾殃。上个月，来自英国的交换生Sally去你家做客。她觉得你做的水果沙拉很美味，想知道如何制作水果沙拉。请你根据提示，以“How to Make Fruit Salad” 为题，写一篇70词左右的英语短文，介绍一下水果沙拉的制作过程。提示：Ingredients(食材)：1 apple，2 oranges，1 watermelon，3 teaspoons of honey，1 cup of yogurt◆◆审题指导1．文体：说明文；2．时态：以一般现在时为主；3．注意事项：注意段落布局并恰当使用复合句或连接词来增加得分点。◆◆思路点拨◆◆组句成篇One possible version：How to Make Fruit SaladDo you like fruit salad？Let me tell you how to make it.To make fruit salad，we need one apple，two oranges，one watermelon，three teaspoons of honey and one cup of yogurt.First，peel the apple and oranges and cut them up.Also cut up the watermelon.Next，put them in a big bowl.Then，pour the honey and yogurt into it.Finally，mix them all up.Now the fruit salad is ready.It is so delicious.We can enjoy it together.【重点词组】 1.turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开turn off 关上turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点;拒绝 2.pour…into…把……倒入…… 3 a good idea好主意 4.cut up切碎 cut sth into pieces把某物切成碎片5.put…into…把……放入…… 6.one more thing还有一件事 7.a piece of一片/张/段/首……two pieces of bread 两片面包 8. fill A with B用B把A装满9.cover A with B用 B 覆盖A 10.one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 11.mix it all up 将它们混合在一起了 mix A with B 把AB 混合 12.another 10 minutes另外10分钟 13.take out a book from the library从书店拿出一本书 14.on special holidays在特殊的节日里 15. at a very high temperature在很高的温度下 【重点句式】 1 Can you make a banana milk shake? Of course. First , peel two bananas, then cut them up and put them in the blender. Next, pour some yogurt into the blender . Finally, turn on the machine.你会做一份香蕉奶昔吗？当然啦。首先，剥两根香蕉，然后把他们切碎，放到搅拌机里，接着倒一些酸奶到搅拌机里，最后，打开搅拌机。2 Can you tell me how to make fruit salad?你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？3 I want to make Russian Soup for the party on Saturday. 我想为周六的聚会做罗宋汤4 Don't forget to add salt to the noodles.别忘了往面条里加点盐 5 cook it for 3 to 5 minutes 煮3到5分钟6 put some butter on a piece of bread, and put another piece on top.往面包师上抹点黄油，让后把另一片面包放在顶部 6 they dug a hole and planted a little tree.他们挖了一个洞，然后栽上了一颗小树7 fill the glass with water and pass it to me.把杯子里装满水，然后递给我 8 Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November in the US.感恩节在每十一月的第四个周四 9 People usually celebrate it by having a big meal with family.人们通过和家人在家吃大餐来庆祝它。10 Sandwiches are my favourite food.三明治是我最爱的食物。（一）可数名词和不可数名词的用法区别（1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。（2）不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量 而不可数名词在表示数量时, 则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。（3）可数名词复数前可用many, some, any, few, a few, a lot of, lots of等修饰；不可数名词 前可用much, some, any, little, a little, a lot of, lots of等修饰。（4）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致，不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式（5） 提问可数名词的数量用how many，提问不可数名词的数量用how much。【重点语法】 1 名词复数的规则变化： (1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：book → books, chair → chairs (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如： class → classes, box → boxes (3) 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe变为v，再加-es。如： shelf → shelves, wife → wives (4) 以o结尾的名词，词尾加-es或-s。如： tomato → tomatoes, photo → photos (5) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先将y改为i，再加-es。如： baby → babies, factory → factories 2 名词复数的不规则变化： (1) 元音字母发生变化。如： man → men, woman → women, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, goose → geese (2) 单、复数形式相同。如：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese (3) 词尾发生变化。如：child → children (4) 有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes, trousers, people (5) man, woman修饰其他名词时，单复数要与被修饰的名词保持一 致。如：a man doctor → men doctors（二）祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。一、祈使句的肯定句式：一般分为以下四种类型：（1）实义动词＋其他成分。 Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。（2）Be动词＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。 Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。（3）Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。 Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。（4）无动词祈使句。 This way，please！请这边走！ Just a minute，please！请稍等片刻！二、祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never，一般分为以下三种类型：（1）在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't，构成“Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分”。 Don't say that again！别再那样说了！（2）let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种： ① 以let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，在let前加don't。Don't let me go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。② 以let's开头的祈使句，必须在let's后加not。Let's not play computer games from now on.从现在开始，我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。（3）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用 “No＋名词/动词的 ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。 NO PHOTOS！禁止拍照！Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?考点1、shaken n.&v.摇动;抖动[教材原句]Drink the milk shake,喝奶昔。常见用法①shake作名词,意为"奶昔",还可表示"摇动;抖动"。Give the bottle a good shake before use.使用前要用力摇见瓶子。②shake作动词时,意为"摇动;抖动",其过去式为shook。用作及物动词时,其后可以直接跟人或物作宾语,也可构成固定搭配。背例句学搭配Mr. Green shook her hand warmly.= Mr. Green shook hands with her warmly.格林先生热情地和她握手。Mark shook his head sadly.马克难过地摇了摇头。固定搭配shake sb. 's hand -=shake hands with sb.和某人握手 shake one's head摇头【经典练】1．—________？—I want to make apple milk shake.A．What is your favorite food B．How do you make apple milk shakeC．How many apples do you need D．What do you want to make for them【答案】D【解析】句意：——你想为他们做什么？——我想做苹果奶昔。A. What is your favorite food你最喜欢的食物是什么？B. How do you make apple milk shake你怎么做苹果奶昔？C. How many apples do you need你需要多少苹果？D. What do you want to make for them你想为他们做什么？根据句意故选D【写作佳句】I said congratulations, walked over to him and shook his hand我说了祝贺,走向他并和他握手。考点2 add v.增加;添加[教材原句]Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.然后加入卷心菜、西红柿和洋葱,再煮上10分钟。 add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：（1）add… to… 意为“把……加到……”，例如：　 Don’t add fuel to the flames. 别再火上浇油了。（2）add to表示“增加；增添”,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词。例如：Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in the hair, which added to their beauty. 参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有一朵花,使得她们显得愈加漂亮。（3）add up 意为“把……加起来”。例如：　 Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.　 把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。 （4）add up to 意为“总计；加起来结果是”。例如： All the numbers add up to exactly 900. 所有数加起来一共900.【经典练】1.Please ________ all the figures to see how much they ________. A. add; add up B. add up; add up to C. add up; add up D. add; add to【答案】B【解析】句意“请把数字全部加起来，看看合计有多少”。add填加；add up加起来；add up to合计。根据句意，故选B。【写作佳句】Add some hot water to the coffee if you think it is much too strong.如果你认为这咖啡太浓，就加点儿热水。考点3 finally adv.最后;最终[教材原句]Finally. don't forget to add some salt.最后,别忘了加些盐。常见用法finally作为副词,意为“最后;最终",可以放在动词前面,也可以作为句子副词,放在句首，与后面的部分用逗号隔开。After several delays, we finally took off at six o'clock.在几次延误后,我们最终在6点起飞。Finally, I'd like to thank my family.最后,我想感谢我的家人。联想拓展①finally是final的副词形式。final可以作形容词,意为"最终的;决定性的";也可以作名词,意为"决赛"。②finally 可以表示时间的位置,相当于at last, in the end;也可以表示时间的先后顺序，与firstly,secondly, next等词连用。【经典练】2．—I heard a car accident happened last night. Was anyone hurt?—Two men got hurt. Finally, the police sent them to the hospital.A．At first B．At the front C．At last【答案】C【解析】句意：我听说昨晚发生了一起车祸。有人受伤了吗？——两个人受伤了。最后，警察把他们送到医院。A. At first最初；B. At the front在前面；C. At last最后。结合句意可知，答案为C。【写作佳句】After a discussion, they finally agreed with each other.经过一番讨论后，他们彼此终于达成了一致意见。考点4 turn on turn on是动副短语，意为“打开”，反义词为turn off，意为“关闭”。例如： Please turn on the radio. 请打开收音机。 Please turn off the light. 请关灯。 【拓展】（1）在英语中，由“动词 + 副词”构成的短语动词的宾语如果是代词，只能放在动词与副词之间；如果是名词，既可以放在它们之间，也可以放在副词之后。turn与off; on; up; down; over搭配均是动副结构。例如： Please turn the tap off. Don’t turn it on. 请把水龙头关掉，别打开。Turn on the computer. = Turn the computer on. 打开电脑。（2）turn on与open的辨析： turn on通常指打开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为turn off。 open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等打开，其对应词为close。例如： I want to watch the football match. Please turn on the TV. 我想看足球比赛，请把电视打开。 Please open the door for me. 请为我开门。（3）与turn相关的短语： turn up (把音量)调大，调高 turn down (把音量)调小，调低 turn in 上交 turn into使成为；翻译成 turn out关；熄灭（灯、煤气等） turn to转向 turn over翻转【经典练】1. Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let’s __________ the TV.A. turn down B. turn off C. turn to D. turn on【答案】D【解析】句意“妈妈想看央视新闻。我们打开电视吧”。A.声音调低；拒绝；B.关闭；C.转向；D.打开。根据句意，故选D。【写作佳句】He turn on the computer and begins to do his homework. 他打开电脑开始写作业。考点5 cut up cut up意为“切碎”，其同义词组为cut into pieces。cut up后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在cut和up之间；接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在up后。例如：cut it(them) up 把它（它们）切碎 cut up the apple 把那个苹果切碎【拓展】cut意为“切；割”，其过去式和过去分词均为cut，现在分词为cutting。常见搭配： cut grass 割草 cut one’s finger割伤某人的手指 cut hair 剪发 cut a cake切蛋糕相关短语： 辨析：cut off / cut down / cut in / cut out  【经典练】1. —I heard that Paul hurt himself badly in the earthquake. —Yes. The doctor had to his right leg to save him. A. cut up B. cut out C. cut off D. cut down【答案】C【解析】cut up切碎，cut out停止，裁剪，cut off切除，cut down砍到；根据句意"是的，医生不得不切掉他的右腿来救他"可知，要填"切除"，其他选项语意不通。故选：C。【写作佳句】We must cut up the tomatoes and put them into the blender.我们必须把西红柿切碎，然后把它们放进搅拌器。考点6 fill Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.接着,用这个面包混合物填满火鸡。fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。Everything is filled with new life.  万物充满了生气。He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。【拓展】full 作为形容词，意为“充满的”。例如：  Please tell me the full story.   请将全部情况告诉我。    The train was traveling at full speed.  火车正全速前进。    be full of   意为“充满……的”。例如： The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。 【经典练】1. —Can I fill the box ________ my model cars?—I'm afraid not. It's full ________ my school things.A. with; with B. of; of C. of; with D. with; of【答案】D【解析】句意：——我能用我的汽车模型装满这个盒子吗？——恐怕不行。里面装满了我的学习用品。fill …with…用……装满……；be full of充满……；故选D。【写作佳句】As president Xi says ,“If we are filled with energies to do everything ,China Dream is sure to come true .”正如习总书记所说：“只要我们撸起袖子加油干，中国梦就一定会实现”考点7 let let的用法let意为“让，允许”， 表示 “让（允许）某人做某事”应该说“let somebody do something”，不能说“let somebody to do something”。如：Let me help you. 让我帮助你。His mother doesn’t let him go out at night. 他母亲不让他晚上出去。“Let’s…”是表示建议或请求的祈使句句型，“Let’s”是“Let us”的缩写形式。例如：Let’s go to school. 咱们上学吧。Let’s play basketball after school. 咱们放学后打篮球吧。拓展：Let’s 与Let us在用法上略有区别在表示向对方提出建议，涉及双方的共同行为时，“Let us”可以缩写成“Let’s”；而表示请求对方允许做某事，不涉及对方行为时，“Let us”不能缩写成“Let’s”。例如：Let’s (=Let us) play sports. 咱们做运动吧。Let us know your telephone number. 请把你的电话号码告诉我们。（Let us 不能缩写成Let’s）注意：以“Let’s”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“shall we？”，因为Let’s是把说话人包含在内了；以“Let us”开头的句子改为反意疑问句的时候，后面的附加疑问句用“will you?”， 因为“Let us”没有把说话人包含在内。【经典练】1.—Let’s watch a basketball game. —________.  A.I see B. You’re welcome C. That sounds good D. Nice to see you 【答案】C【解析】句意:“我们看一场篮球比赛吧。”“听起来不错。”“Let’s…”是表示提建议的句型,结合选项可知应该用“That sounds good.”回答。【写作佳句】My grandpa always lets us play sports. 我的祖父总是让我们做运动。考点8 forget forget to do sth. 忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。【拓展】（1）remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，事情还没有做。例如：Remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时记得关灯。（2）remember doing sth.表示“记得曾经做过某事”，事情已经做过了。例如： He remembered going to Shanghai with his parents when he was five years old. 他记得五岁时曾经和父母去过上海。【经典练】1.—Do you still remember ________ Yao Ming in Beijing?—Yes, of course, three years ago.A. to meet B. meetingC. meet D. met【答案】B句意：-你还记得在北京见过姚明吗？-是的，当然记得，是在三年前。to meet动词不定式，遇见；meeting动名词形式；meet遇见，动词原形；met遇见，是meet的过去式。句中谓语动词是remember意思是“记得”，常用于句型remember to do sth.记得去做某事（还没做）；或者remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已经做过了）。根据对话的意思可知，这里说的是三年前的事情，是做过的事情，故应选B。【写作佳句】 I forgot telling you about that before.我忘了以前跟你说过那件事了。考点9 celebrate v.庆祝;庆贺教材原句：These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.现在,大多数美国人仍然通过和家人在家中吃大餐的方式来庆祝这种感恩的思想。常见用法celebrate意为"庆祝;庆贺",既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,还可用在短语celebrate..with.../by doing sth.中,意为"用......庆祝...../通过做某事来庆祝......。It's her birthday today. Let's celebrate.今天是她的生日,咱们来庆祝一下。They celebrated their 20th anniversary by holding a big party.他们举办了一场盛大的聚会来庆祝他们的20周年纪念日。联想拓展celebrate的名词形式为celebration,当其意为"庆祝会;庆祝活动"时,是可数名词;当其意为"庆祝;庆贺"时,是不可数名词。They celebrated their graduation.他们庆祝毕业。【经典练】1．Tom ______ his 24th birthday two days ago.A．celebrate B．celebrates C．celebrated D．is celebrating【答案】C【解析】句意：汤姆两天前庆祝了他的24岁生日。考查动词时态辨析题。题干中的two days ago是一般过去时的标志词，故选C。【写作佳句】 We will celebrate our grandmother’s 79th birthday the day after tomorrow.后天我们将庆祝我们祖母的79岁生日。考点10 mix n.混合配料.(使)混合;融合教材原句：First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper.首先,将一些面包屑、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。背例句学搭配If you mix red and yellow, you will get orange.=lf you max red with yellow, you will get orange.如果你把红色和黄色混合起来,你会得到橙色。You're always mixing me up with my twin sister.你总是把我和我的双胞胎妹妹弄混。固定搭配①mix A and/with B使A和B混合②mix sb. up with sb.把某人与某人弄混联想拓展mixed为形容词,意为"混合的"mixture为名词,意为"混合:混合体"。【经典练】1．—Mum, how can I make the cake more delicious?—Add some eggs and mix them _____________ milk.A．in B．to C．with D．into【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：---妈妈，我怎样做才能让蛋糕更美味些。----加一些鸡蛋并且把他们和牛奶混合在一起。mix …with….把……和什么混合在一起；根据语境及句意故选C.【写作佳句】Finally, you need to put all the fruit in the bowl and mix it up.最后，你需要把所有的水果放在碗里，搅拌一下。考点11cover v.遮盖;覆盖 n.覆盖物;盖子教材原句：When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.肖火鸡准备好的时候,把它放在一个大的盘子上并浇上肉汁。背例句学搭配She covered her knees with a blanket。她用一条毯子盖住膝盖。The ground is covered by/with thick fallen leaves.地面被厚厚的落叶所覆盖。固定搭配cover A with B 用B盖住Abe covered by/with... 被......覆盖联想拓展①cover作动调时,还可表示"包括;涉及;进(一段)路程”。This program covers a lot of hot topics.这个节目涉及很多热门话题。We covered thirty miles yesterday.昨天我们走了30英里。②cover作名调时,意为"封面”。Don't judge a book by its cover,不要以貌取人。【经典练】1.The well (井）was full water and he covered it the lid(盖子）.A．with；for B．with；with C．of；with D．with；by【答案】C【详解】句意：井里装满了水，他用盖子把它盖住了。with用；for为了；of……的；by通过，凭借。短语be full of装满；cover...with...用某物盖住……。故选C。【写作佳句】Two thirds of the farmland here is covered with ice.这里三分之二的农田被冰覆盖了。考点 12 serve v..接待;服务;提供教材原句：... serve it to your friends with some vegetables.加一些蔬菜,把它端给你的朋友们吃。例句 Breakfast is served until 9 a.m.早餐供应到上午九点。背例句学搭配The waiter is serving another table.服务员正在招待另一桌人。We served some sweets to the kids.我们给孩子们拿来了一些糖。固定搭配①serve sb./sth.招待某人/提供某物 ②serve sth. to sb.给某人提供某物联想拓展serve的名词形式是service,意为“服务”。servant也是由serve演变而来的,意为“仆人”。【经典练】1．My parents and I had dinner in the new restaurant and the waiter ________ our meals quickly.A．serves B．is serving C．served D．is going to serve【答案】C【解析】句意：我父母和我在一家新餐馆吃的晚饭，服务员很快就给我们上了饭。根据had可知是一般过去时态；故选C【写作佳句】My mother always serves fruit to my friends.我的妈妈总是用水果招待我的朋友们。要点16 enjoy考点13 enjoy的用法作为动词，意为“喜爱；享受……的乐趣”。常用于：  = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事；享受做某事的乐趣”。The little boy enjoys reading books very much. 那个小男孩儿非常喜爱读书。 = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心；过得愉快”，其同义短语为have fun, have a good time。We enjoyed ourselves in the swimming pool yesterday.我们昨天在游泳池里玩得很开心。拓展：　　只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：喜欢（enjoy），思念（miss），介意（mind）；完成（finish），练习（practise），放弃（give up）。【经典练】1.My parents enjoy________ for a walk after supper.A. go B. goes C. going D. to go【答案】C【解析】句意“我的父母晚饭后喜欢散步”。本题考查固定搭配。enjoy doing sth. “喜欢做某事”, enjoy后用v. -ing形式, 故选C。【写作佳句】I really enjoy walking around the town with my parents in the evening.我真的很喜欢晚上时和父母在城镇里散步。考点14 pour ….into…pour ….into… pour…into…意为“把……倒进……里”，意义相当于put…into…，但pour …into…通常强调倾倒液体；而put…into…既可以放液体，也可以放固体。例如： He poured the milk into the cup. 他把牛奶倒进杯子里。 You must put them into the blender. 你得把他们放进搅拌器里。 【拓展】 1）pour意为“倾倒；灌；浇”。例如：Please pour me a cup of tea. / Please pour a cup of tea for me. 请给我倒杯茶。pour也有“（雨）倾盆而下，下大雨”的意思。例如： It never rains but it pours. （谚）屋漏偏遭连阴雨。/ 一波未平，一波又起。2）in和into的区别： in和into都可表示“在（到）……里面”，有时可以互换，但侧重点不同。in是表示物体位置的静态介词；into是表示动作方向的动态介词，常与表示动作的动词，如come; go; run; rush等连用；当与put; fall; throw等动词连用时，二者可以互换。类似的词有on和onto。例如： I found him in the classroom. 我在教室里找到了他。 Please help me carry the books into the classroom. 请帮我把这些书搬到教室里去。【经典练】1．He _______ some milk _______ the blender.A．added; to B．put; into C．poured; in D．poured; into【答案】D【详解】句意：他把一些牛奶倒进了搅拌机。考查短语辨析。add … to …把……加到……里；pour … into … 把……倒进……里。两者都是固定搭配。根据题干中“the blender”可推出此处是说要把牛奶倒进搅拌机里，用poured … into …符合题意。故选D。【写作佳句】—Please help me to pour the water into the cup. 请帮我把水倒进杯子里。思维导图一．语法精讲一、祈使句定义： 用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。 这种句子的主语是第二人称you，通常省略，谓语用动词原形一．具体用法：注意：在祈使句的句首或句尾加please，可以使祈使句的语气更委婉。注意：在句尾加please时，要在please前加逗号。Please speak loudly.＝Speak loudly，please.请大声讲话。二．口诀：三、结构：　　肯定结构： 1. Do型 Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 2. Be型 Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型 Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构： 1.Do型和Be型否定式:在句首加don't构成。Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到！ 2.Let型的否定式有两种：“Don't let sb do sth./ “Let sb not do sthDon't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No fishing! 禁止钓鱼 No parking! 禁止停车 四、与please 连用，表示委婉语气 Please open the window. Please don’t open the window.五、祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保 持一致。 — Please check your answer！Yes， I will.二、可数名词与不可数名词普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、可数名词定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana ② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式: 其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：【巧学妙记】【记】 黑人（Negro → Negroes） 英雄 （hero →heroes ） 爱吃土豆（Potato → potatoes） 和西红柿 （tomato →tomatoes）【注】以o 结尾的名词，加s 的有【记】 我听广播(radio→ radios)， 也看到电视录像( video→ videos)，说动物园( zoo→ zoo)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→ kangaroos) 弹着钢琴(piano→ pianos)吸引游客来照相（二） 不规则变化【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形　2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；【单复数不同形】：1. child → children2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men)3. foot → feet tooth → teeth二、不可数名词：（一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a cup of milk一杯牛奶（二）、 不可数名词的用法：1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 The food is very fresh.　食品很新鲜。不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：（1）用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少 I don’t want any advice, I want some information (2) 用a piece of 这类短语： a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea. 如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数注意：可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。二、单元写作一、话题分析本单元的话题是“食物制作”。与本话题相关的作文题目往往与如何制作某种食物相关。写作内容是描述制作一种食物的过程，不论是制作喝的奶昔类，还是制作吃的沙拉类，写作内容要包括所需材料、制作的步骤、方法和注意事项等。写作时常要用表示顺序的副词first，next，then，finally等，以使整篇文章更有条理；因为是介绍方式方法的说明文，要用一般现在时作为主要时态。 ⑴ 那么首先要审题，确定时态为一般一般过去式或一般现在时，人称为第一人称，开头要开篇点题，叙述制作这种食物的原因。 ⑵ 正文要介绍做这种食物整个过程。用上first, next, then, finally表示先后顺序的副词。 ⑶ 结尾要对自己做这种食物进行评价。第一步：概述所要表达的话题；第二步：按顺序描述制作方法：首先做什么； 其次做什么； 然后做什么； 接下来做什么；……最后做什么。第三步：制作好的感受【词汇积累】machine 机器　　　　blender 食物搅拌器spoon 勺；调羹 oven 烤箱；烤炉plate 盘子；碟子 pot 锅 salt 食盐 sandwich 三明治butter 黄油；奶油 peel 剥皮；去皮 11. pour the milk into the blender把牛奶倒入搅拌机 12. cut up the apples切碎苹果13. put the turkey into the oven　把火鸡放入烤箱 14. cook for 15 minutes煮15分钟15. don’t forget to add some salt别忘记加盐 16. turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开17. give thanks for… 因……而感谢18. mix together 融合在一起19. fill cup with water用水填满杯子句型积累How do you make a banana milk shake? 你怎样做香蕉奶昔？2. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器。3. Pour the milk into the blender. 把牛奶倒进搅拌器中。4. To make a cake, you need eggs, butter and sugar.5. I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday. 我想为周六的聚会制作俄式汤。6. First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper. 首先，将一些面包片、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。To share the cake, please cut it into six pieces.8. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接下来，将这份面包混合物填在火鸡里。9. Cook it at a very high temperature for a long time. 在高温下将它煮好长时间。10. Cooking delicious meals can bring a lot of fun to your life.11. In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays.在特殊的日子里吃传统的食物是一个传统。The Dragon Boat Festival is on the fifth day in the fifth month of Chinese calendar. It’s also a time for family to get together.　端午节在农历五月初五，是全家团结的时刻。People celebrate The Dragon Boat Festival by eating zongzi and watching the Dragon Boat races.　人们通过吃粽子和观看龙舟的方式欢度端午。◆开头句①Let me tell you how to make fruit salad.②Here is one way to make turkey.③To make fruit salad，we need one apple，two oranges，one watermelon，three teaspoons of honey and one cup of yogurt.◆中间句①First，peel the apple and oranges and cut them up.②Next，put them in a big bowl.③Then，pour the honey and yogurt into the bowl.④Finally，mix them all up.◆结尾句①Now the fruit salad is OK.It is so delicious.②Please come and smell it!③Now you can enjoy the traditional food.【谚语积累】1．It is difficult to cater for all tastes.众口难调。2．Food is the first necessity of the people.民以食为天。3．Some soup before dinner，healthy body forever.饭前喝口汤，永远没灾殃。上个月，来自英国的交换生Sally去你家做客。她觉得你做的水果沙拉很美味，想知道如何制作水果沙拉。请你根据提示，以“How to Make Fruit Salad” 为题，写一篇70词左右的英语短文，介绍一下水果沙拉的制作过程。提示：Ingredients(食材)：1 apple，2 oranges，1 watermelon，3 teaspoons of honey，1 cup of yogurt◆◆审题指导1．文体：说明文；2．时态：以一般现在时为主；3．注意事项：注意段落布局并恰当使用复合句或连接词来增加得分点。◆◆思路点拨◆◆组句成篇One possible version：How to Make Fruit SaladDo you like fruit salad？Let me tell you how to make it.To make fruit salad，we need one apple，two oranges，one watermelon，three teaspoons of honey and one cup of yogurt.First，peel the apple and oranges and cut them up.Also cut up the watermelon.Next，put them in a big bowl.Then，pour the honey and yogurt into it.Finally，mix them all up.Now the fruit salad is ready.It is so delicious.We can enjoy it together.【重点词组】 1.turn on接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开turn off 关上turn up旋大（灯火等），开大（煤气等）调高（声音等），turn down 把（灯火、电器等）关小一点;拒绝 2.pour…into…把……倒入…… 3 a good idea好主意 4.cut up切碎 cut sth into pieces把某物切成碎片5.put…into…把……放入…… 6.one more thing还有一件事 7.a piece of一片/张/段/首……two pieces of bread 两片面包 8. fill A with B用B把A装满9.cover A with B用 B 覆盖A 10.one by one一个接一个；逐个；依次 11.mix it all up 将它们混合在一起了 mix A with B 把AB 混合 12.another 10 minutes另外10分钟 13.take out a book from the library从书店拿出一本书 14.on special holidays在特殊的节日里 15. at a very high temperature在很高的温度下 【重点句式】 1 Can you make a banana milk shake? Of course. First , peel two bananas, then cut them up and put them in the blender. Next, pour some yogurt into the blender . Finally, turn on the machine.你会做一份香蕉奶昔吗？当然啦。首先，剥两根香蕉，然后把他们切碎，放到搅拌机里，接着倒一些酸奶到搅拌机里，最后，打开搅拌机。2 Can you tell me how to make fruit salad?你能告诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？3 I want to make Russian Soup for the party on Saturday. 我想为周六的聚会做罗宋汤4 Don't forget to add salt to the noodles.别忘了往面条里加点盐 5 cook it for 3 to 5 minutes 煮3到5分钟6 put some butter on a piece of bread, and put another piece on top.往面包师上抹点黄油，让后把另一片面包放在顶部 6 they dug a hole and planted a little tree.他们挖了一个洞，然后栽上了一颗小树7 fill the glass with water and pass it to me.把杯子里装满水，然后递给我 8 Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November in the US.感恩节在每十一月的第四个周四 9 People usually celebrate it by having a big meal with family.人们通过和家人在家吃大餐来庆祝它。10 Sandwiches are my favourite food.三明治是我最爱的食物。（一）可数名词和不可数名词的用法区别（1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。（2）不定冠词a/an、基数词可直接修饰可数名词，表示数量 而不可数名词在表示数量时, 则用“冠词/基数词+表示计量单位的名词+of+不可数名词”。（3）可数名词复数前可用many, some, any, few, a few, a lot of, lots of等修饰；不可数名词 前可用much, some, any, little, a little, a lot of, lots of等修饰。（4）可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与主语的单复数保持一致，不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式（5） 提问可数名词的数量用how many，提问不可数名词的数量用how much。【重点语法】 1 名词复数的规则变化： (1) 一般情况下在词尾加-s。如：book → books, chair → chairs (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如： class → classes, box → boxes (3) 以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe变为v，再加-es。如： shelf → shelves, wife → wives (4) 以o结尾的名词，词尾加-es或-s。如： tomato → tomatoes, photo → photos (5) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，先将y改为i，再加-es。如： baby → babies, factory → factories 2 名词复数的不规则变化： (1) 元音字母发生变化。如： man → men, woman → women, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, mouse → mice, goose → geese (2) 单、复数形式相同。如：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese (3) 词尾发生变化。如：child → children (4) 有些名词只有复数形式。如：clothes, trousers, people (5) man, woman修饰其他名词时，单复数要与被修饰的名词保持一 致。如：a man doctor → men doctors（二）祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号。一、祈使句的肯定句式：一般分为以下四种类型：（1）实义动词＋其他成分。 Make sentences after the model. 根据例句造句。（2）Be动词＋其他成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）。 Be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时要小心。（3）Let＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分。 Let him go back now. 让他现在回去吧。（4）无动词祈使句。 This way，please！请这边走！ Just a minute，please！请稍等片刻！二、祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在动词原形前加上don't或never，一般分为以下三种类型：（1）在肯定祈使句的动词原形前加don't，构成“Don't＋动词原形＋其他成分”。 Don't say that again！别再那样说了！（2）let引导的祈使句的否定形式有两种： ① 以let开头的祈使句，如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格，在let前加don't。Don't let me go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。② 以let's开头的祈使句，必须在let's后加not。Let's not play computer games from now on.从现在开始，我们不玩电脑游戏了吧。（3）在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用 “No＋名词/动词的 ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。 NO PHOTOS！禁止拍照！Unit1核心话题“食物制作”重点词汇1.blender 2.peel 3.pour 4.yogurt 5.honey 6.watermelon 7.spoon 8.add 9.finally 10.salt 11.sugar 12.cheese13.popcorn 14.corn 15.machine 16.sandwich 17.butter 18.turkey 19.lettuce 20.piece 21.traditional 22.traveler 23.England 24.celebrate 25.pepper 26.oven 27.cover 28.gravy 29.serve 30.temperature重点短语1. milk shake 2. turn on/off 3. pour …into… 4. a cup of yogurt 5. a good idea 6. on Saturday morning 7. cut up 8. put… into… 9. one more thing 10. a piece of 11. at this time 12. a few 13. fill…with… 14. cover…with… 15. one by one16. a long time 17. cut… into pieces 18. add…to（into）…19. mix...together 20. mix up… 21. serve …to…22. half a cup 23. another ten minutes 24. peel the banana 重点句型1. Turn on the blender.2. How do you make a banana milk shake?3. How many bananas do we need?4. How much yogurt do we need?5. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!6. First,… Then,… Next,… Finally,…7. You can put more if you like.8. This is going to taste great.9. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles.10. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.11. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 语法（一）祈使句 （二）可数名词和不可数名词写作描述制作一种食物的过程词汇例句cut off 切断，剪断They have cut off the water/electricity/gas supply.cut down 砍倒，减少If you cut down all the trees, you will ruin the land.cut in 插嘴She always cut in when other people are talking.cut out 切去，切除The cancerous cells had to be cut out.考点 1当主语是第二人称you时，you通常被省略。这种祈使句一般以动词原形开头。它的否定形式是在动词原形前加Don't。Be more careful next time.下次仔细点。Come to school earlier next time.下次早点来学校。Don't play computer games.不要玩电脑游戏。考点 2带有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句通常以let为引导词，一般用来提建议。Let's watch the cartoon now.现在我们看卡通片吧。Let's/Let me祈使句的否定形式是Let's/Let me not…或Don't let's/let me …；祈使句无主语，主语you常省去； 　　动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变； 朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。 (一) 规则变化：　　1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days　 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 　　 bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes　　 dish → dishes watch → watches　　3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es　　 city → cities body → bodies factory → factories　　4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为veshalf → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s tomato — tomatoes ,potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios【注】以o 结尾的名词，加es 的有Unit1核心话题“食物制作”重点词汇1.blender 2.peel 3.pour 4.yogurt 5.honey 6.watermelon 7.spoon 8.add 9.finally 10.salt 11.sugar 12.cheese13.popcorn 14.corn 15.machine 16.sandwich 17.butter 18.turkey 19.lettuce 20.piece 21.traditional 22.traveler 23.England 24.celebrate 25.pepper 26.oven 27.cover 28.gravy 29.serve 30.temperature重点短语1. milk shake 2. turn on/off 3. pour …into… 4. a cup of yogurt 5. a good idea 6. on Saturday morning 7. cut up 8. put… into… 9. one more thing 10. a piece of 11. at this time 12. a few 13. fill…with… 14. cover…with… 15. one by one16. a long time 17. cut… into pieces 18. add…to（into）…19. mix...together 20. mix up… 21. serve …to…22. half a cup 23. another ten minutes 24. peel the banana 重点句型1. Turn on the blender.2. How do you make a banana milk shake?3. How many bananas do we need?4. How much yogurt do we need?5. Now, it’s time to enjoy the rice noodles!6. First,… Then,… Next,… Finally,…7. You can put more if you like.8. This is going to taste great.9. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles.10. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.11. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 语法（一）祈使句 （二）可数名词和不可数名词写作描述制作一种食物的过程词汇例句cut off 切断，剪断They have cut off the water/electricity/gas supply.cut down 砍倒，减少If you cut down all the trees, you will ruin the land.cut in 插嘴She always cut in when other people are talking.cut out 切去，切除The cancerous cells had to be cut out.考点 1当主语是第二人称you时，you通常被省略。这种祈使句一般以动词原形开头。它的否定形式是在动词原形前加Don't。Be more careful next time.下次仔细点。Come to school earlier next time.下次早点来学校。Don't play computer games.不要玩电脑游戏。考点 2带有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句通常以let为引导词，一般用来提建议。Let's watch the cartoon now.现在我们看卡通片吧。Let's/Let me祈使句的否定形式是Let's/Let me not…或Don't let's/let me …；祈使句无主语，主语you常省去； 　　动词原形谓语当，句首加don't否定变； 朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。 (一) 规则变化：　　1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days　 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 　　 bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes　　 dish → dishes watch → watches　　3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es　　 city → cities body → bodies factory → factories　　4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为veshalf → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s tomato — tomatoes ,potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios【注】以o 结尾的名词，加es 的有