2022年高三英语复习与训练十六虚拟语气

这是一份2022年高三英语复习与训练十六虚拟语气，共8页。试卷主要包含了 虚拟语气等内容，欢迎下载使用。
16. 虚拟语气
1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

16.1 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表：
例如：If he cmes, he will bring his vilin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The vlleyball match will be put ff if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。
注意：
1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be ging t表示将来，该用shall, will.
（错） If yu leave nw, yu are never ging t regret it.
（对） If yu leave nw, yu will never regret it.
2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

16.2 非真实条件句
1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。
a. 与现在事实相反的假设
例如：If they were here, they wuld help yu. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。
含义：They are nt here, they can’t help yu.
b. 与过去事实相反的假设
例如：If he had cme yesterday, I shuld / wuld have tld him abut it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义：He did nt cme yesterday, s I did nt tell him abut it.
c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
例如：If yu succeeded, everything wuld be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。
If yu shuld succeed, everything wuld be all right.
If yu were t succeed, everything wuld be all right.
含义：Yu are nt likely t succeed, everything will be what it is nw.

16.3 混合条件句
有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：
If yu had asked him yesterday, yu wuld knw what t d nw. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。
（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
If it had rained last night（过去）, it wuld be very cld tday （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。

16.4 虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, shuld, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, shuld或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如：
Were they here nw, they culd help us. =If they were here nw, they culd help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。
Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him. =If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。
Shuld it rain, the crps wuld be saved. =Were it t rain, the crps wuld be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。
注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如：
If I were yu, I wuld g t lk fr him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
If he were here, everything wuld be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ t d the wrk, I shuld d it sme ther day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, shuld, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, shuld, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I nt t d, 而不能说 Weren't I t d。

16.5 特殊的虚拟语气词shuld
1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用shuld 加动词原形，shuld 可省略。

2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像rder, suggest, prpse, require, demand, request, insist, cmmand, insist + （shuld） d等。例如：
I suggest that we （shuld） hld a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he （shuld ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错： （错） Yu pale face suggests that yu（shuld）be ill.
（对） Yur pale face suggests that yu are ill.
（错） I insisted that yu（shuld）be wrng.
（对） I insisted that yu were wrng.
3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
suggestin, prpsal, idea, plan, rder, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（shuld）+动词原形。例如：
My idea is that we（shuld）get mre peple t attend the cnference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a prpsal that we（shuld）hld a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。

16.6 wish的用法
1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
例如：I wish I were as tall as yu. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish it wuld rain tmrrw. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）wish t d；wish sb / sth t d。例如：
I wish t see the manager. = I want t see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。
I wish the manager t be infrmed at nce. （= I want the manager t be infrmed at nce.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。

16.7 比较if nly与nly if
nly if表示"只有"；if nly则表示"如果……就好了"。If nly也可用于陈述语气。例如：
I wake up nly if the alarm clck rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
If nly the alarm clck had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。
If nly he cmes early. 但愿他早点回来。

16.8 It is （high） time that
It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用shuld加动词原形，但shuld不可省略。例如：
It is time that the children went t bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
It is high time that the children shuld g t bed.
16.9 need "不必做"和"本不必做"
didn't need t d表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn't have dne表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：
Jhn went t the statin with the car t meet Mary, s she didn't need t walk back hme.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。
Jhn went t the statin with the car t meet Mary, s she needn't have walked back hme.
约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 （Mary步行回家了，没有遇上Jhn的车。）
典型例题
There was plenty f time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. culdn't have hurried C. must nt hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D。needn't have dne. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。
Mustn't have dne 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为culdn't have dne, "不可能已经"。 must nt d 不可以（用于一般现在时）。

16.10 虚拟语气练习
1.Everything ______ if Albert hadn’t called the fire brigade.
a.will be destryed b. will have been destryed
b.wuld be destryed d. wuld have been destryed
2.If yu hadn’t gne with Tm t the party last night,______.
a.yu wuld meet Jhn already b. yu wn’t have missed Jhn
c.yu will have met Jhn d. yu wuld have met Jhn
3.Suppsing this ship ______ , d yu think there wuld be enugh life jackets fr all the passengers?
a. was sinking b. has sunk c. were t sink d. sunk
4.The insects wuld devur all ur crps and kill ur flcks and heads, if ______ fr the prtectin we get frm insect-eating animals.
a. it is nt b. it were nt c. were it nt d. they were nt
5.The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan fr the vacatin.
a. made b. make c. makes d. will make
6.Frankly, I’d rather yu ______ anything abut it fr the time being.
a. d b. dn’t d c. didn’t d d. will nt d
7.After the way she treated yu, if I ______ in yur place.
a. be b. am c. was d. were
8.The idea is that the natin ______ an unmanned spacecraft t explre the planet first.
a. sent b. sends c. send d. must send
9.It’s high time yu ______.
a. start t wrk b. wuld start t wrk c. started t wrk d. had started t wrk
10.“If I hadn’t practiced when I was yunger,” the musician says,“I ______ able t play s well nw.”
a. wuldn’t be b. wn’t be c. wuldn’t have been d. culdn’t have been
11.It is imperative that yu ______ there in persn.
a. are b. were c. be d. will be
12.The atmic structure is, ______, a miniature slar system.
a. as it were b. as if they were c. as it were d. as if are
13.We required that the machine parts ______ cast irn.
a. is made f b. be made frm c. be made f d. is made by
14.The management urged that the cst f prductin ______.
a.t be further reduced b. was further reduced
b.be further reduced d. shuld further reduced
15.The business is risky. But ______ we wuld be rich.
a. shuld we succeed b. we shuld succeed c. might we succeed d. wuld we succeed
16.I wish ur teacher ______ t give anther test. I haven’t gt prepared yet.
a. isn’t ging b. weren’t ging c. will nt ging d. culd have gne
17.I wish I ______ t the mvies with yu last night.
a. went b. did g c. culd g d. culd have gne
18.I’d just as sn ______ rudely t her.
a. that yu wn’t speak b. yur nt speaking c. yu nt speak d. yu didn’t speak
19.If I ______ in the twenty-first century, I ______ my vacatin in a very different way.
a. shuld live…wuld spend b. will live ….shuld spend
c. are living … shuld have spent d. will be living…wuld have spent
20.It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary.
a. be iled b. must be iled c. is iled d. will il
21.His English teacher recmmends that he ______ a regular degree prgram.
a. begins b. begin c. will begin d. is beginning
22.We prefer that the plan ______ befre being put int executin.
a.is fully discussed b. must be fully discussed
c.be fully discussed d. will be fully discussed
23.What d yu think f his prpsal that imprvements ______ in the ld type f vacuum cleaner?
a. be made b. will be made c. wuld be made d. will have t be made
24.The dctr’s advice is that the patient ______ abut his real physical cnditin.
a.be nt tld b. nt be tld c. will nt be tld d. must nt be tld
25.______,we culd nt have finished the wrk n time.
a.If they d nt help us b. Was it nt fr their help
c.Shuld they ffer t help us d. But fr their help
26.If we had been mre careful, we ______ much better results nw.
a. gt b. had gt c. wuld be getting d. wuld have gt
27.Henry ______ a rich man tday if he had been mre frugal in the past.
a. wuld be b. is c. will be d. was
28.They thught it desirable that an armed guard ______ in readiness.
a. stands b. stand c. std d. wuld stand
29.All science students, ______,shuld have a gd fundatin in basic sciences.
a.whether they are future physicists and chemists
b.they are future physicists f chemists
c.they shuld be future physicists f chemists
d.be they future physicists r chemists
30.Sally can’t have written tme, r ______ the letter by nw.
a. I’ll get b. I’ll have gt c. I’d have gt d. I’d get
31.I shuld very much like t have gne t the party but I ______.
a. am nt invited b. was nt invited c. shall nt be invited d. am nt being invited
32.There is a general understanding amng the members f the Bard f Directrs that chief attentin ______ t the undertaking that is expected t bring in highest prfit.
a. is given b. gives c. shuld be given d. must be given
33.One f the requirements fr a fire is that the material ______ t its burning temperature.
a. be heated b. is heated c. wuld be heated d. t heat
34.“Did yu g t see the ftball match yesterday?”
“N. I didn’t feel well, but I wuld have gne if I ______.”
a.did b. have c. wuld d. had
35.If we had knwn that she had planned t arrive tday, we ______ her at the bus statin.
a. may have met b. might meet c. may meet d. might have met
36.We’re safer in a train than we wuld be if we ______ any ther way.
a. traveled b. had traveled c. travel d. have traveled
37.He tld me hw he had given me shelter and prtectin withut which I ______ f hunger and cld.
a. wuld be died b. wuld have died c. wuld die d . will have died
38.______ tday, he wuld get there by Friday.
a.Was he leaving b. If he is leaving c. Were he t leave d. If he leaves
39.Had electrnic cmputers nt been invented, many prblems f space flight ______.
a.culd be nt slved b. culd nt be slved
b.culd nt have been slved d. culd nt have slved
40.He is a prly learnt man. But he acts as thugh he ______.
a. is b. were c. shuld be d. seems like
41.The driver lked ver the engine carefully lest it ______ n the way.
a. ges wrng b. g wrng c. went wrng d. wuld g wrng
42.______ the fg, we shuld have reached ur destinatin.
a. Because f b. In spite f c. In case f d. But fr
43.The ld man went t ffice n ft, but he ______ by bus.
a. might have gne b. ught have gne c. culd have gne d. shuld be gne
44.He is wrking hard fr fear that he ______ t pass the exam.
a. fails b. may fail c. shuld fail d. wuld fail
45.She put n her glasses in rder that she _____.
a. can see b. saw c. had seen d. might see
46.Whatever ______ we’ll g ahead.
a. had happened b. will happen c. might happen d. may be happened
47.If I ______ ut f ink, I might have finished writing the paper.
a. hadn’t run b. shuldn’t run c. didn’t run d. haven’t run
48.But fr yur advice, I ______ int truble.
a. wuld get b. gt c. might have gt d. shuld get
49.______ fr the traffic jam, I shuld have cvered fifty miles.
a. Had it been b. Had it nt been c. It had nt been d. It nt had been
50.Were it nt fr the adptin f the pen plicy, things ______ they are tday.
a. wuld never be b. culd have been c. wuld never have been d. didn’t have
51.If nly I ______ there.
a. have nt been b. wuld nt been c. will nt be d. had nt been
52.Tm wuld buy that bicycle but he ______ n mney.
a. had b. has c. had had d. has had
53.I didn’t g t the party, but I d wish I _____ there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
54.It is time we ______ up ur results.
a. sum b. summed c. will sum d. wuld sum
55.Dr Bethune wrked hard as if he ______.
a. never had felt tired b. had never felt tired c. never felt tired d . was tired never
56.I enjyed the mvie very much. I wish I ______ the bk frm which it was made.
a. have read b. shuld have read c. am reading d. had read
57.It is strange that such a thing ______ in yur schl.
a.will happen b. happens c. shuld happen d. happened
58.If she culd sew,______.
a.she make a dress b. she wuld have made a shirt
c.she will make a shirt d. she wuld had made a cat
59.“Did yu ntice Jhn was nt at wrk tday?”
“N. If ______ wrking, I wuld have nticed it.”
a.I’d be b. I wasn’t c. I’d been d. weren’t
60.“Why dn’t yu explain it t her?”
“I ______ it t her if I thught she wuld understand.”
a.wuld explain b. will explain c. explain d. wuld have explained
61.“Yur perfrmance was very gd.”
“I culd have dne better if I ______ mre time.”
a. have had b. had c. had had d. will have had
62.“She wuldn’t drink her medicine last night, wuld she?”
“______.”
a.N, but I wish she wuldn’t b. N, but I wish she had
b.Yes, I wish she drank d. yes, I wish she culd
63.I think it advisable that he ______ fr Tky sn.
a. will leave b. may leave c. leave d. leaves
64.The cmmittee asked that the matter ______ at the next meeting.
a. wuld be discussed b. will be discussed c. be discussed d. may be discussed
65.______ t the dctr right away, he might have been alive tday.
a.If he went b. Were he gne c. shuld he had gne d. Had he gne
66.______ the wrk, he wuld d it sme ther way.
a. Was he ging b. If he des c. Were he t d d. If he is ding
67._____,I hardly think I wuld have recgnized him.
a.Shuld his name nt be mentined b. Had smene nt mentined his name
c.If smene did nt mentin his name d. If smene had mentined his name
68.I’d just as sn ______ t the theatre tnight.
a. nt ging b. nt t g c. nt g d. that I wn’t g
69.At the last cmmittee meeting, the mtin that the club ______ pen until midnight was defeated.
a. remains b. remain c. remained d. wuld remain
70.The business f each day, ______ selling gds r shipping them, went quite smthly.
a. it being b. be it c. was it d. it was
虚拟语气练习答案
句 型
条件从句
主句
一般现在时
shall/will + 动词原形
祈使句
情态动词一般现在时
条件从句
主句
一般过去时（be用were）
shuld（wuld）等 +动词原形
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
shuld（wuld）等+ have+ 过去分词
条件从句
主句
一般过去时
shuld/wuld等 + 动词原形
were+ 不定式
shuld+ 动词原形
It is
可用的词有三类
that
（shuld）d
suggested, rdered, required, prpsed, demanded, requested, insisted等
imprtant, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, n wnder等
主句
从句
从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were）
现在时
过去时
从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had + 过去分词）
过去时
过去完成时
将来不大可能实现的愿望
将来时
wuld/culd +动词原形
1
D
19
A
37
B
55
B
2
D
20
A
38
C
56
D
3
C
21
B
39
C
57
C
4
B
22
C
40
B
58
B
5
B
23
B
41
B
59
C
6
C
24
A
42
D
60
A
7
D
25
D
43
C
61
C
8
C
26
C
44
C
62
B
9
C
27
A
45
D
63
C
10
A
28
B
46
C
64
C
11
C
29
D
47
A
65
D
12
C
30
C
48
C
66
C
13
C
31
B
49
B
67
B
14
C
32
C
50
C
68
C
15
A
33
A
51
D
69
B
16
B
34
D
52
B
70
B
17
D
35
D
53
C
71
18
D
36
A
54
B
72