英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration学案及答案

这是一份英语必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration学案及答案，共7页。学案主要包含了动词不定式作定语，动词不定式作状语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
翻译下列句子，并写出不定式在句中充当的句子成分
1. The Brwns have a cmfrtable huse t live in.
翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
2. There is nthing t wrry abut.
翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
3. He was always the first t answer the teacher’s questin.
翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
4. Dinsaurs have cmpletely died ut n the earth, never t be seen again.
翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
5. He hurried t the bking ffice nly t be tld that all the tickets had been sld ut. 翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
6. The by is ld enugh t take care f himself.
翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
7. She gt up very early t catch the early bus.
翻译：______________________________________
成分：_______
课中导学区
单元语法
Task动词不定式作定语、状语
自主探究
阅读下列句子，注意黑体部分的用法。
1. That ftball is such a simple game t play is perhaps the basis f its ppularity.
2. He was the first guest t arrive.
3. I have a lt f prblems t slve.
4. Dan made a break fr his car nly t find the driver’s dr lcked.
5. T prepare fr increased autnmy and respnsibility, cllege needs t be a time f explratin and experimentatin.
探究发现
通过观察以上句子我们发现，动词不定式可在句中作（1）_______，一般放在所修饰词的（2）_______；动词不定式也在句中作（3）_______，可放在句首也可放在句末。
基础盘点
一、动词不定式作定语
1. 动词不定式作定语，可修饰人和物。当中心词为序数词、最高级、the last、the nly等，或被这类词修饰时，一般用不定式作定语；不定代词后也应用不定式作定语
2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time、place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
Please give me a knife t cut with. 请给我一把用来切的刀。
Here is sme paper fr yu t write n. 这里有一些纸给你写字。
He had n mney and n place t live (in). 他没有钱也没有地方住
We fund a way t slve this prblem (in). 我们找到了解决这个问题的方法。
3. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。
Have yu anything t send? 你有什么要寄的东西吗？（不定式t send的动作执行者是“你”）Have yu anything t be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式t be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
4，用不定式作定语的几种特殊用法。
（1）不定式表将来
I brrwed sme bks t read during my hliday. 我借了一些书在假期里读。
（2）用来修饰被序数词、最高级或n、all、any等限定的中心词
He was the best man t d the jb. 他是做这项作的最佳人选。
二、动词不定式作状语
1动作不定式作状语，主要表示原因、目的、结果等。
2. “t+形容词或副词+t d”中的动词不定式表示结果，含有否定的意义，意思是“太……以致不能”；有些表示心情或倾向的形容词如anxius、eager、glad、happy、pleased及willing等用于t... t结构时，不定式表示肯定的意义，其中t的意义等于very，可以在其前加nly、but或all等修饰词。动词不定式作目的状语位于句首时，可以用in rder t，但不能用s as t；不定式位于句中时，上述两者均可用。
I hate it when she calls me at wrk—I’m always t busy t carry n a cnversatin with her. 我讨厌她在我工作时给我打电话—我总是太忙，不能和她交谈。
In rder t get t the airprt in time he started early.
→He started early in rder t/s as t get t the airprt in time. 为了及时赶到机场，他很早就动身了。
名师点拨
1. 动词不定式可在句中作独立成分，不受句子其他部分的影响。常见的表达有t begin/start with“首先”；t be brief“简单地说”；t be frank“坦白地说”；t be hnest“诚实地说”；t tell the truth“老实说”；t make matters wrse“更糟糕的是”；t sum up“总之”；needless t say“不用说”。
I lst my way in cmplete darkness and, t make matters wrse, it began t rain. 黑暗中我迷路了，更为糟糕的是，天下起了雨。
T start with, I wish yu a happy New Year. 首先，祝您新年快乐。
2. 有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式或动名词皆可，但以下结构含义截然不同，务必熟练掌握：
变式训练
I. 单句填空
(1) Tired and shrt f breath, Andy was the first persn _______ (reach) the tp f Munt Tai.
(2) Xu Haifeng was the first Chinese man _______ (win) the gld medal in the Olympic Games.
(3) He tld me he had a cmpsitin _______ (write).
(4) I think he will have a chance _______ (g) t his hmetwn.
(5) She has n time _______ (see) the film The Wandering Earth.
(6) He gt up earlier s as _______ (get) t schl n time.
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给词的正确形式完成下面的短文
Peple in many cuntries like t celebrate the carnival. Dancing can be seen and laughing can be heard in New Orleans, Ri de Janeir, and mst cities in Spain. The residents f these cities expect t spend mnths (1) _______ (practice) their rutines in “samba” schls.
In Ri de Janeir, mst f the citizens take a lng time (2) _______ (make) cstumes and prepare flats（彩车）fr the carnival’s parades. Each flat has a theme. The cstumes are designed (3) _______ (match) this theme, and riginal dances are arranged t represent this idea. It sunds like fun, but it’s really hard wrk (4) _______ (rganize) all f these. Practicing takes up mre time each day as the carnival appraches.
In New Orleans, residents cmpete (5) _______ (name) “king” f a flat. Cmpetitin is fierce, and future kings are required (6) _______ (prve) that they have enugh mney t pay fr the Crewe. Building the Crewe and designing and paying fr cstumes are all part f the king’s jb.
课堂思学区
夯实基础
I. 单句填空
1. I’m very busy this week and can’t affrd _______ (see) tw films.
2. Helen had t shut _______ (make) herself heard abve the sund f the music.
3. This cmpany was the first _______ (prduce) prtable radis as well as cassette tape recrders in the wrld.
4. Will yu lend him a magazine _______ (read)?
5. When we hurried t the statin, there happened _______ (be) n bus at that time.
6. With a lt f difficult prblems _______ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
Ⅱ. 同义句转换
1. He was s angry that he culdn’t say anything.
→He was t angry ______________ anything.
2. He said he wuld write a letter.
→He said he wuld have a letter ______________.
3. That yu read English in the mrning is very imprtant.
→It is very imprtant fr yu ______________ English in the mrning.
4. He was s strng that he culd lift the stne.
→He was strng ______________ the stne.
5. His father went t Beijing fr his hliday.
→His father went t Beijing ______________ his hliday.
6. His brther decided that he wuld buy the bk.
→His brther decided ______________ the bk.
参考答案
课前预学区
1. 翻译：布朗一家有一栋舒适的房子住。
成分：定语
2. 翻译：没什么好担心的。
成分：定语
3. 翻译：他总是第一个回答老师的提问。
成分：定语
4. 翻译：恐龙在地球上已彻底灭绝，再也看不见了。
成分：结果状语
5. 翻译：他匆匆赶到售票处，却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
成分：结果状语
6. 翻译：这个男孩已经长大了，可以照顾自己了。
成分：结果状语
7. 翻译：为了赶上早班车，她起得很早。
成分：目的状语
课中导学区
Task
探究发现 (1) 定语 (2) 后面 (3) 状语
变式训练I. (1) t reach (2) t win (3) t write
(4) t g (5) t see (6) t get
II. (1) practicing (2) t make (3) t match
(4) t rganize (5) t be named (6) t prve
课堂思学区
夯实基础
I. 1. t see 2. t make 3. t prduce 4. t read 5. t be 6. t settle
II. 1. t say 2. t write 3. t read 4. enugh t lift 5. t spend 6. t buy
表达法
含义
frget t d sth
忘记要去做某事
frget ding sth
忘记做过某事
remember t d sth
记得要做某事
remember ding sth
记得做过某事
regret t d sth
很遗憾要做某事
regret ding sth
后悔做过某事
stp t d sth
停下来做另一件事
stp ding sth
停止正在做的事
try t d sth
努力做某事
try ding sth
尝试做某事
mean t d sth
意欲/打算做某事
mean ding sth
意味着做某事
g n t d sth
接着做另一件事
g n ding sth
继续做原来做的事
can’t help t d
不能帮助做某事
can’t help ding
情不自禁做某事
be used t d
被用于做某事
be used t ding
习惯于做某事