北京市师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份北京市师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题Word版含解析docx、北京师范大学第二附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题Word版无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When Susan was a high schl senir, her English teacher Mr. DiMe gave the class a challenging task: Recite a pem in frnt f the whle class.
“I had a mild stutter (结巴). I’d be ____1____ t get a wrd ut that might begin with ‘D’ r ‘TH’, r I might say ‘the’ three times,” Susan said. The thught f getting up in frnt f her classmates and stuttering thrugh the pem was t much t ____2____.
Susan went hme and ____3____ hw scared she was t her mm, wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be ____4____ frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class.
When the day f the recitatin came, Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe. ____5____ she was dne, Mr. DiMe said smething she’d never heard befre: that he liked listening t her vice. Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f ____6____.
Susan went n t graduate frm high schl and g t cllege. She never gt t prperly thank Mr. DiMe. But smetime after cllege, she ____7____ a jb as a crprate trainer. The new psitin made her realize hw big a (n)____8____ he had had n her cnfidence.
“I stand up in frnt f peple and speak, and I d it all the time. If I d stutter nce in a while, n big deal,” she said. Susan recently fund a way t ____9____ her frmer teacher, and plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin.
In her mind, Mr. DiMe is an unsung her, because he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life. “I dn’t knw where I wuld’ve gne if I felt like I had t keep my vice ____10____ because I was afraid f embarrassing myself. I’d like t thank him fr that kindness.”
1. A. cntinuingB. strugglingC. pretendingD. hping
2. A. shareB. expressC. findD. bear
3. A. taughtB. prvedC. revealedD. prmised
4. A. excusedB. prhibitedC. crrectedD. discuraged
5. A. WhileB. AlthughC. UnlessD. Once
6. A. jealusyB. wrryC. bredmD. lneliness
7. A. wantedB. fferedC. landedD. created
8. A. impactB. ideaC. chiceD. stress
9. A. judgeB. cntactC. studyD. interview
10. A. sweetB. ludC. quietD. deep
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Susan说话轻微结巴，因DiMe老师说喜欢她的声音Susan渐渐有了信心，后来能够公开演讲，生活和事业都获得了成功。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan说：“我很难说出一个以‘D’或‘TH’开头的单词，或者我可能会说三次‘the’。”A. cntinuing继续；B. struggling挣扎，吃力地进行；C. pretending假装；D. hping希望。根据前文“I had a mild stutter (结巴)”可知，Susan说话结巴，很难说出一个以“D”或“TH”开头的单词，故选B。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到要站在同学面前结结巴巴地念完这首诗，她就难以忍受。A. share分享；B. express表达；C. find找到；D. bear忍受。结合语境及“stuttering thrugh the pem”可知，一想到自己会结结巴巴地背诗，Susan就难以忍受，故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Susan回到家，向妈妈透露了她有多害怕，妈妈同意写一张纸条，请求在全班同学面前允许她不做这个任务。A. taught教；B. prved证明；C. revealed透露；D. prmised承诺。结合下文“wh agreed t write a nte asking fr her t be ____4____ frm ding the task in frnt f the whle class”可知，Susan向妈妈透露自己很害怕，妈妈答应为她请假，故选C。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. excused原谅，同意免除；B. prhibited禁止；C. crrected纠正；D. discuraged劝阻，使泄气。结合下文“Susan recited the pem ne-n-ne t Mr. DiMe”可知，此处指写一张纸条请求不做这个任务，excuse sb frm ding“同意某人不做”，故选A。
【5题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：她说完后，DiMe先生说了一些她以前从未听过的话：他喜欢听她的声音。A. While在……期间；B. Althugh尽管；C. Unless除非；D. Once一旦，一……（就）。结合“he liked listening t her vice”可知，此处指Susan一说完DiMe先生就说自己喜欢她的声音，故选D。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她第一次考虑到公开演讲不必成为忧虑的来源。A. jealusy羡慕，嫉妒；B. wrry担心，忧虑；C. bredm无聊，厌倦；D. lneliness孤单。根据市上文“hw scared she was”可知，Susan害怕公开演讲，故这应是让她感到忧虑，故选B。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但大学毕业后不久，她找到了一份企业培训师的工作。A. wanted想要；B. ffered提供；C. landed成功得到，赢得；D. created创造。根据下文“The new psitin made her realize…”可知，此处指她成功得到一份新工作，故选C。
8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：新的职位使她意识到他对她的信心有多大的影响。A. impact影响；B. idea主意；C. chice选择；D. stress压力。根据上文“Fr the first time, she cnsidered the pssibility that public speaking didn’t have t be a surce f ____6____”以及下文“he’s a big reasn why she has a successful career and life(他是她事业和生活成功的重要原因)”可知，DiMe先生说自己喜欢Susan的声音，这使她发生了改变，使她的事业和生活获得了成功，故此处指DiMe先生对她的影响很大，故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Susan最近找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，并计划给他写封信表达她的感激之情。A. judge评价；B. cntact联系；C. study学习；D. interview采访。根据“plans n sending him a letter expressing her appreciatin”可知，此处指找到了联系她以前的老师的方法，故选B。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果我因为害怕让自己难堪而不得不保持沉默，我不知道我会去哪里。我要感谢他的好意。”A. sweet甜美的；B. lud大声的；C. quiet安静的；D. deep深的。根据“because I was afraid f embarrassing myself”可知，Susan以前说话结巴，因为害怕让自己难堪会保持沉默，故选C。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
语法填空
I’ll never frget my first visit t China. Mum encuraged me t try different kinds f fd, and I did! I lved everything. But just when I thught I culd deal with all Chinese fd, I came acrss stinky tfu. A hrrible grey thing that lked and smelt like a burnt sprts she. “Yu needn’t try it ____11____ yu dn’t want t, ”Mum said. But I ____12____ (gather) all my curage t take a bite and was amazed t find it wasn’t s bad. It reminded me f blue cheese, a similarly strng smelling type f fd yu either lve r hate. Maybe I ____13____ (fall) in lve with stinky tfu-smeday.
【答案】11 if 12. gathered
13. will fall
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者第一次去中国吃臭豆腐的经历。
【11题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：妈妈说：“如果你不想试，就不必试。”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”应用if。故填if。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：但我鼓起勇气吃了一口，惊讶地发现它并没有那么糟糕。根据后文“and was amazed t find it wasn’t s bad”可知发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填gathered。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：也许有一天我会爱上臭豆腐。此处表示将来发生的动作用一般将来时。故填will fall。
B
语法填空
The 5-Secnd Rule suggests fd is OK t eat if yu pick it up ____14____five secnds r less. Believe it r nt, scientists have tested the rule. We’re srry t reprt it’s nt necessarily true. Bacteria can attach ____15____ (it) t yur fd instantly, regardless f hw quickly it ____16____ (pick) up. Fd left there fr five secnds r less will prbably cllect less bacteria than fd sitting there fr a lnger time, but fast may nt be fast enugh. Flrs, even clean-lking nes, harbr bacteria. Ultimately, if in dubt, abandn the fd ____17____ (avid) ptential illness.
【答案】14. in 15. itself
16. is picked
17. t avid
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了食物掉在地上，不管在多么短的时间内把它捡起来，都会有细菌附着。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：5秒法则认为，如果你能在5秒或更短的时间内拿起食物，你就可以吃。结合句意可知，此处表示“在5秒内”，使用介词in，故填in。
【15题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：细菌可以立即附着在你的食物上，不管它被吸收的速度有多快。it和主语Bacteria是同一指代对象，应用反身代词作宾语，故填itself。
【16题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。it指代fd，和动词pick之间是被动关系，且句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语表示单数意义，故填is picked。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，如果有疑问，放弃食物以避免潜在的疾病。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填t avid。
C
语法填空
Yur hmetwn culd affect yur navigatinal (导航的) skills. New research indicates that individuals ____18____ (raise) in cities with structured street patterns may encunter difficulties in navigatin cmpared t thse frm rural areas with mre rganic layuts. This cnclusin was drawn frm a study ____19____ (invlve) players f a mbile game abut sea, ____20____ tests 3-D navigatin skills. Hwever, there’s hpe fr city residents: an urban versin f the game shwed slight imprvements fr them.
【答案】18. raised
19. invlving
20. which
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一项新的研究表明，与那些来自有机布局的农村地区的人相比，在有结构化街道模式的城市中长大的人在导航方面可能会遇到困难。分析句子结构可知raise与逻辑主语individuals构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填raised。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。分析句子结构可知invlve与逻辑主语study构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填invlving。
【20题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这一结论来自一项研究，研究对象是一款关于海洋的手机游戏的玩家，该游戏测试的是3D导航技能。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词game，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
With all the dietary infrmatin nline, it can be hard t knw what tips t fllw. Watch ut fr these wrds and expressins.
Fat Is Gd
It desn’t matter if yu are part f the fat is GOOD fr yu r BAD fr yu grup, the imprtant questin t ask is the surce f the fat. If it cmes frm a land-based animal, and is likely t be slid at rm temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it cmes frm fish r plants, and it is likely t be liquid at rm temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating mre unsaturated fat than saturated fat lwers yur risk f dying early.
Natural Sugar Is Better
The vast majrity f sugar we cnsume is sucrse (蔗糖). It is the white pwdered stuff we ck with and is made up f glucse and fructse. Hw abut sugar frm hney? It is ften marketed as natural and better fr yu. Actually, it just has its wn distinct flavur, but is as sweet because f glucse and fructse.
High-pH Water
Sme peple think we need t eat alkali (碱) fd t maintain ur bld at a pH f 7.4. But everything we eat r drink passes thrugh the stmach, which, at a pH f 1.5, is the mst acidic part f the bdy. It is then neutralised t a pH f 7. S, nthing we eat will change the pH f ur bld.
Dn’t Eat Anything That Yu Can’t Prnunce
Whether fds are natural r highly prcessed, they are all full f chemicals. Are yu suppsed t fear “phenylthicarbamide”, because yu can’t prnunce it? This is simply the chemical respnsible fr the bitter taste fund in brassicas, the plants in the cabbage and mustard family.
Dn’t Eat Fd With Mre Than Five Ingredients(佐料)
Simple fds are nt necessarily healthier fr yu. If I, fr instance, use Chinese five spice pwder in a recipe, that wuld cunt as ne f the five ingredients. Hwever, what if I added the typical cmpnents f five spice pwder separately int a dish? Des that mean my recipe suddenly becmes bad because it has mre than five ingredients?
21. Accrding t the passage, healthier fat ______.
A. can be fund in fish and plantsB. cmes frm land-based animals
C. remains slid at rm temperatureD. can lwer the death rate f elders
22. The passage suggests that ______.
A. diets can help adjust the pH f ur bldB. hney sugar can d mre gd than sucrse
C. fds with mre ingredients may be as healthyD. chemicals we can recgnize are safer t take in
23. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T cmpare tips n fd chices.B. T intrduce different health cncepts.
C. T recmmend fitness recipes t readers.D. T warn us f sme dietary misunderstandings.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要是对一些常见的饮食相关的说法进行了分析和解释，以帮助人们更好地理解和选择饮食。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“If it cmes frm a land-based animal, and is likely t be slid at rm temperature, then it is saturated (饱和的) fat whereas if it cmes frm fish r plants, and it is likely t be liquid at rm temperature, then it is unsaturated fat. All the evidence indicates that eating mre unsaturated fat than saturated fat lwers yur risk f dying early.(如果它来自陆生动物，在室温下很可能是固体，那么它就是饱和脂肪；如果它来自鱼类或植物，在室温下很可能是液体，那么它就是不饱和脂肪。所有证据都表明，摄入更多的不饱和脂肪比摄入更多的饱和脂肪能降低早逝的风险)”可知，鱼类和植物中含有更健康的脂肪。故选A。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simple fds are nt necessarily healthier fr yu. If I, fr instance, use Chinese five spice pwder in a recipe, that wuld cunt as ne f the five ingredients. Hwever, what if I added the typical cmpnents f five spice pwder separately int a dish? Des that mean my recipe suddenly becmes bad because it has mre than five ingredients?(简单的食物不一定对你更健康。例如，如果我在菜谱中使用了中国的五香粉，它就会被算作五种配料之一。然而，如果我把五种香料粉的典型成分分别加入到一道菜中呢？这是否意味着我的食谱突然变坏了，因为它含有超过五种原料？)”可推知，含有更多佐料的食物可能也一样健康，故选C。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要讲了一些关于饮食的常见误解，如脂肪的好坏、天然糖是否更好、高pH值水是否更好、以及佐料多的食物是否不好，目的是提醒人们注意这些饮食方面的误解，故选D。
B
My birth was a little mre dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the wrld. I was brn missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”
That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.
Hwever, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day f high schl. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket. I tld myself that I’d just hide it that ne day, while I was trying t make friends. But ne day f hiding turned int a week, a mnth, and years — 25 f them t be exact.
When I was 38 years ld, tired f hiding and lnely, I met smene special and invited him in. The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it — lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.
It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t. It changed hw I lived my entire life and made me happier. I als discvered and jined the Lucky Fin Prject, an rganisatin devted t peple with all types f disabilities.
Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt. It’s time t change that.
24. What was the authr’s childhd like?
A. She had n scial interactins with friends.
B. She was raised with care and treated nrmally.
C. She faced sme challenges in schl activities.
D. She was upset abut the attentin t her difference.
25. What happened t the authr when she was 13 years ld?
A. She began t ignre her disability.
B. She suffered prejudice frm sme kids.
C. She started hiding herself away frm friends.
D. She became sensitive due t her self-awareness.
26. Hw did the authr change when she stpped hiding?
A. She started t pen up and be herself.
B. She met smene wh cured her disability.
C. She was fed up with the cmpany f thers.
D. She reduced invlvement in the disability grup.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Misfrtune is a gd teacher.
B. Disability is nt a barrier t success.
C. Self-acceptance can lead t self-lve.
D. Nthing beats the feeling f being lved.
【答案】24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed, my limb difference culd have been a disaster if it hadn’t been fr what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mther’s arms and instructed, “Yu will take her hme. Yu will lve her and treat her as nrmal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“That is exactly what happened. I played sprts, acted in theater, excelled in schl and had playdates with friends. While I did get sme stares and “plite” questins abut my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun f fr it.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-cnscius and the need t fit in is intensified. I remember ne f the ther kids n the schl bus stared just a little t lng at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge t hide my hand, s I slipped it int my pcket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The cmbinatin f me finally feeling ready t unhide and his willingness t g thrugh the unhiding prcess with me was exactly what I needed. Fr the first time in my life, I allwed smene t really hld my limb, lk at it, tuch it, lve it—lve me. I saw my limb difference as smething unique abut me, smething that shuld be shwn, nt hidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“It was a transfrmatinal experience, and I learned t lve me t.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hiding things, especially frm lved nes, is tiring and lnely, and it prevents us frm getting help and supprt.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。
C
Neurscientists usually investigate ne brain at a time. They bserve hw neurns(神经元)fire as a persn reads certain wrds, fr example, r plays a vide game. As scial animals, hwever, thse same scientists d much f their wrk tgether — brainstrming hyptheses, puzzling ver prblems and fine-tuning experimental designs. Increasingly, researchers are bringing that reality int hw they study brains.
Cllective neurscience, as sme practitiners call it, is a rapidly grwing field f research. An early, cnsistent finding is that when peple cnverse r share an experience, their brain waves synchrnize. Neurns in crrespnding lcatins f the different brains fire at the same time, creating matching patterns, like dancers mving tgether. The experience f “being n the same wavelength” as anther persn is real, and it is visible in the activity f the brain.
Such wrk is beginning t reveal new levels f richness and cmplexity in sciability. In classrms where students are engaged with the teacher, fr example, their patterns f brain prcessing begin t synchrnize with that teacher’s — and greater synchrny may mean better learning. Cuples exhibit higher degrees f brain synchrny than nn-rmantic pairs, as d clse friends cmpared with mre distant acquaintances.
But much abut the phenmenn remains mysterius — even scientists ccasinally use the wrd “magic” when talking abut it. One straightfrward explanatin culd be that synchrny between brains is a result f shared experience r simply a sign that we are hearing r seeing the same thing as smene else. But the newest research suggests that synchrny is mre than that — r can be. Researchers are discvering synchrny in humans and ther species, and they are mapping its chregraphy — its rhythm, timing and undulatins(波动) — t better understand what benefits it may give us.
Given that synchrnized experiences are ften enjyable, researchers suspect this phenmenn is beneficial: it helps us interact and may have facilitated the evlutin f sciality. This new kind f brain research might als cast light n why we dn’t always “click” with smene r why scial islatin(孤立) is s harmful t physical and mental health. With synchrny and ther levels f neural interactin, humans teach and learn, frge friendships and rmances, and cperate and cnverse. We are driven t cnnect, and synchrny is ne way ur brains help us d it.
28. Accrding t the passage, cllective neurscience ______.
A. cllects and refines research n neurns
B. analyses activities f ne brain at a time
C. prmtes cnnectins amng neurscientists
D. fcuses n studying brains in interactive grups
29. What can we infer abut brain synchrny frm Paragraph 4?
A. It can benefit ther species.
B. Its mechanism has changed.
C. It demands further investigatins.
D. Findings abut it are cntradictry.
30. Which f the fllwing may result frm brain synchrny?
A. Increasing ppularity amng peers.
B. Better cperatin amng teammates.
C. Imprved techniques fr cnversatins.
D. Mre shared experiences between a cuple.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个新兴的研究领域——集体神经科学，该领域研究当人们交流或分享经验时大脑波的同步现象。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“As scial animals, hwever, thse same scientists d much f their wrk tgether — brainstrming hyptheses, puzzling ver prblems and fine-tuning experimental designs. Increasingly, researchers are bringing that reality int hw they study brains.(然而，作为社会动物，这些科学家同样会一起做很多工作——头脑风暴、解决问题和微调实验设计。越来越多的研究人员将这种现实带入他们研究大脑的方式中)”和第二段“Cllective neurscience, as sme practitiners call it, is a rapidly grwing field f research.(一些从业者称之为集体神经科学，是一个迅速发展的研究领域)”可知，集体神经科学专注于在互动小组中研究大脑。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段的句子“But much abut the phenmenn remains mysterius — even scientists ccasinally use the wrd “magic” when talking abut it.(但关于这一现象的很多方面仍然是个谜——甚至科学家在谈论它时偶尔也会用“神奇”这个词)”可知，科学家们对大脑同步现象的了解还不够深入，需要进一步的研究。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子“With synchrny and ther levels f neural interactin, humans teach and learn, frge friendships and rmances, and cperate and cnverse.(通过同步和其他级别的神经交互，人类教导和学习、建立友谊和浪漫关系、合作和交谈)”可知，大脑同步现象可能会促进团队成员之间的合作。故选B。
D
While sme allergies (过敏症) disappear ver time r with treatment, thers last a lifetime. Fr decades, scientists have been searching fr the surce f these lifetime allergies.
Recently, researchers fund that memry B cells may be invlved. These cells prduce a different class f antibdies knwn as IgG, which ward ff viral infectins. But n ne had identified exactly which f thse cells were recalling allergens r hw they switched t making the IgE antibdies respnsible fr allergies. T uncver the mysterius cells, tw research teams tk a deep dive int the immune (免疫的) cells f peple with allergies and sme withut.
Immunlgist Jshua Kenig and clleagues examined mre than 90,000 memry B cells frm six peple with birch allergies, fur peple allergic t dust mites and five peple with n allergies. Using a technique called RNA sequencing, the team identified specific memry B cells, which they named MBC2s that make antibdies and prteins assciated with the immune respnse that causes allergies.
In anther experiment, Kenig and clleagues used a peanut prtein t g fishing fr memry B cells frm peple with peanut allergies. The team pulled ut the same type f cells fund in peple with birch and dust mite allergies. In peple with peanut allergies, thse cells increased in number and prduced IgE antibdies as the peple started treatment t desensitize them t peanut allergens.
Anther grup led by Maria Curtt de Lafaille, an immunlgist at the Icahn Schl f Medicine at Munt Sinai in New Yrk City, als fund that similar cells were mre plentiful in 58 children allergic t peanuts than in 13 kids withut allergies. The team fund that the cells are ready t switch frm making prtective IgG antibdies t allergy-causing IgE antibdies. Even befre the switch, the cells were making RNA fr IgE but didn’t prduce the prtein. Making that RNA enables the cells t switch the type f antibdies they make when they encunter allergens. The signal t switch partially depends n a prtein called JAK, the grup discvered. “Stpping JAK frm sending the signal culd help prevent the memry cells frm switching t IgE prductin,” Lafaille says. She als predicts that allergists may be able t examine aspects f these memry cells t frecast whether a patient's allergy is likely t last r disappear with time r treatment.
“Knwing which ppulatin f cells stre allergies in lng-term memry may eventually help scientists identify ther ways t kill the allergy cells,” says Cecilia Berin, an immunlgist at Nrthwestern University Feinberg Schl f Medicine. “Yu culd ptentially get rid f nt nly yur peanut allergy but als all f yur allergies.”
31. Why did scientists investigate the immune cells f individuals with and withut allergies?
A. T explre the distinctins between IgG and IgE.
B. T uncver new antibdies knwn as IgG and IgE.
C. T identify cells respnsible fr defending against allergies.
D. T reveal cells assciated with the develpment f allergies.
32. What des the wrd “desensitize” underlined in Paragraph 4 mst prbably mean?
A. Make... less destructive.B. Make... less respnsive.
C. Make... less prtective.D. Make... less effective.
33. What can we learn frm the tw research teams’ wrk?
A. MBC2s make antibdies and prteins that prevent allergies.
B. Memry B cells generate bth RNA fr IgE and the crrespnding prtein.
C. JAK plays a rle in cntrlling antibdy prductin when expsed t allergens.
D. Allergists are capable f predicting whether an allergy will last r disappear.
34. Which culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. RNA Sequencing Is Applied in Immunlgy Research
B. Specific Cells Related t Peanut Allergies Are Identified
C. Unmasking Cells’ Identities Helps Diagnse and Treat Allergies
D. Newfund Immune Cells Are Respnsible fr Lng-lasting Allergies
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述两个研究小组为了揭示与发生过敏有关的细胞进行研究，最终确定了特定的记忆B细胞。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But n ne had identified exactly which f thse cells were recalling allergens r hw they switched t making the IgE antibdies respnsible fr allergies. T uncver the mysterius cells, tw research teams tk a deep dive int the immune (免疫的) cells f peple with allergies and sme withut.(但是没有人确切地确定哪些细胞会召回过敏原，或者它们是如何转变为产生导致过敏的IgE抗体的。为了揭开这些神秘的细胞，两个研究小组深入研究了过敏人群和非过敏人群的免疫细胞)”可知，科学家研究过敏和没有过敏的个体的免疫细胞是为了揭示与发生过敏有关的细胞，故选D。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Using a technique called RNA sequencing, the team identified specific memry B cells, which they named MBC2s that make antibdies and prteins assciated with the immune respnse that causes allergies.(利用一种名为RNA测序的技术，研究小组确定了特定的记忆B细胞，他们将其命名为MBC2s，这些细胞产生与导致过敏的免疫反应相关的抗体和蛋白质)”可知，记忆B细胞会产生与导致过敏的免疫反应相关的抗体和蛋白质，结合划线词前“thse cells increased in number and prduced IgE antibdies(这些细胞的数量增加并产生IgE抗体)”可知，记忆B细胞数量增加并产生抗体，说明不再过敏，desensitize意为“使……不再过敏”符合题意，故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“The team fund that the cells are ready t switch frm making prtective IgG antibdies t allergy-causing IgE antibdies. Even befre the switch, the cells were making RNA fr IgE but didn’t prduce the prtein. Making that RNA enables the cells t switch the type f antibdies they make when they encunter allergens. The signal t switch partially depends n a prtein called JAK, the grup discvered.(研究小组发现，这些细胞已经准备好从产生保护性的IgG抗体转变为引起过敏的IgE抗体。即使在转换之前，细胞也在为IgE制造RNA，但不产生蛋白质。小组发现，制造这种RNA可以使细胞在遇到过敏原时转换抗体的类型。转换信号部分取决于一种叫做JAK的蛋白质)”可知，当暴露于过敏原时，JAK在控制抗体产生中起作用，故选C。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Fr decades, scientists have been searching fr the surce f these lifetime allergies.(几十年来，科学家们一直在寻找这些终生过敏的来源)”以及第二段中“Recently, researchers fund that memry B cells may be invlved.(最近，研究人员发现记忆B细胞可能参与其中)”可知，本文主要讲述两个研究小组为了揭示与发生过敏有关的细胞进行研究，最终确定了特定的记忆B细胞，D项“新发现的免疫细胞是造成长期过敏的原因”为最佳标题，故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn’t be plluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. ___35___
Scial media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algrithms designed t maximize attentin represent t teens have becme impssible t ignre. Other prduct design elements, ften called “dark patterns,” designed t keep peple using fr lnger, als appear t tip yung users int scial media veruse. ___36___ They say it’s their users’ fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.
___37___ Under the Digital Services Act which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn’t d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.
Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can’t, r wn’t, slve these safety prblems n their wn. ___38___ Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just “stay ff scial media” becmes less and less realistic. ___39___
A. And thse prblems aren’t ging away.
B. The current issues aren’t really abut ffline suffering.
C. Platfrms already have systems t remve vilent r harmful cntent.
D. Similarly, scial media needs prduct safety standards t keep users safe.
E. It’s time we shuld require scial media t take safety seriusly, fr everyne’s sake.
F. Internet platfrms, hwever, have shifted blame n the cnsumers whenever criticized.
G. Sme authrities are taking steps t hld scial media platfrms accuntable fr the cntent.
【答案】35. D 36. F 37. G 38. A 39. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。
【35题详解】
根据上文的“When yu get in a car, yu expect it will have functining brakes. When yu pick up medicine at the drugstre, yu expect it wn’t be plluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety f these prducts was terrible when they first came t market. It tk much research and regulatin t figure ut hw users can enjy the benefits f these prducts withut getting harmed. (当你坐进一辆车的时候，你希望它的刹车能正常工作。当你在药店买药时，你希望它不会被污染。但事情并不总是这样的。这些产品刚上市时安全性很差。为了弄清楚用户如何在不受伤害的情况下享受这些产品的好处，需要进行大量的研究和监管)”可知，此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着下文提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D项(同样，社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保证用户的安全)符合文意。故选D项。
【36题详解】
根据下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault fr engaging with harmful cntent in the first place, even if thse users are children r the cntent is financial trickery. They als claim t be defending free speech.(他们说，用户一开始接触有害内容是他们的错，即使这些用户是孩子，或者内容是金融骗局。他们还声称是在捍卫言论自由)可知，社交媒体将问题推卸给用户，F项(然而，每当受到批评时，互联网平台就把责任推给消费者)引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
根据下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came int effect in Eurpe this year, platfrms are required t take actin t stp the spread f illegal cntent and can be fined up t 6 percent f their glbal incmes if they dn’t d s. If this law is enfrced, maintaining the safety f their algrithms and netwrks will be the mst financially sund decisin fr platfrms t make.(根据今年在欧洲生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)，平台必须采取行动阻止非法内容的传播，如果不这样做，将被处以最高相当于其全球收入6%的罚款。如果这项法律得到执行，维护其算法和网络的安全将是平台做出的最经济合理的决定)”可知，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G选项(一些当局正在采取措施，要求社交媒体平台对这些内容负责)符合文意。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据上文的“Despite these effrts, tw things are clear. First, nline safety prblems are leading t real, ffline suffering. Secnd, scial media cmpanies can’t, r wn’t, slve these safety prblems n their wn. (尽管做出了这些努力，但有两件事是明确的。首先，网络安全问题正在导致现实的、线下的痛苦。其次，社交媒体公司不能或不愿独自解决这些安全问题)可知，此段首先提到两个明确的事情，结合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现)”接着说明问题不会消失，A选项(这些问题不会消失)引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。
【39题详解】
根据上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thught were slved can pp right back up. As ur sciety mves nline t an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyne, even teens, can just “stay ff scial media” becmes less and less realistic.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现。随着我们的社会网络化程度越来越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“远离社交媒体”的想法变得越来越不现实)”，最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E项(为了每个人，现在是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了)总结上文。故选E项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
In his senir year f high schl, Wei Fangjie happened t see a pster fr recruiting (征募) PLA Air Frce pilts. “The pilts n the psted really cl, and I gt t knw that a pilt is knwn as a prfessin f the brave. S, I decided t give it a try,” said Wei, 26, wh nw wrks as a flight instructr at the Air Frce Aviatin (航空) University.
Accrding t Wei, pilt students need t nt nly study aviatin thery but als practice difficult aerbatics (飞行特技), which require strng resistance t gravity frce. “T d sme f the mvements, a pilt has t bear abut three times their bdy weight pressing dwn n them,” said Wei. They als use special equipment like a spinning ladder t vercme dizziness.
Despite all the training, becming a tp PLA Air Frce pilt remains a tugh jb. “During flight, pilts must carefully decide hw t land, especially at night, and maintain psitin during frmatin flight,” explained Wei. He added that the key t these skills lies in cntinuus practice.
In the wrld f aviatin, a balanced mentality and quick thinking are very imprtant. One f Wei’s mst unfrgettable experiences was dealing with illusins during a frmatin flight up abve the cluds. All he culd see in frnt f him was the lead aircraft and cluds. “I felt like I was turning all the time, but my instruments shwed that my flight was level,” said Wei. “In such situatins, trusting instruments is essential t making sund decisins.”
But what always remains cnstant is the great sense f freedm and pride that Wei feels as he flies his aircraft in the sky and lks dwn at Earth frm abve. Nw, as an experienced flight instructr, Wei hpes t channel his passin fr aviatin int the “training and develpment f a new generatin f skilled pilts.”
40. Why did Wei Fangjie determine t becme a pilt?
___________________________________________________________________
41. What des Wei hpe t d nw?
___________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Wei, students shuld nt nly have essential ability t read instruments but als study aviatin thery and practice difficult aerbatics t qualify as pilts.
___________________________________________________________________
43. What d yu think f Wei Fangjie? Please explain it in yur wn wrds. (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because he saw a pster featuring the pilts and admired their bravery.
41. Wei Fangjie hpes t train a new generatin f skilled pilts nw.
42. Accrding t Wei, students shuld nt nly have essential ability t read instruments but als study aviatin thery and practice difficult aerbatics t qualify as pilts. Accrding t the passage, pilt students need t nt nly study aviatin thery but als practice difficult aerbatics.
43. I think Wei is a respnsible persn because he’s willing t devte himself t his career and training a new generatin f skilled pilts.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了飞行员魏方杰对于成为飞行员梦想的追求以及成为飞行员的一些要求。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“In his senir year f high schl, Wei Fangjie happened t see a pster fr recruiting (征募) PLA Air Frce pilts. “The pilts n the pster lked really cl, and I gt t knw that a pilt is knwn as a prfessin f the brave. S, I decided t give it a try,” said Wei, 26, wh nw wrks as a flight instructr at the Air Frce Aviatin (航空) University.(在高三的时候，魏方杰偶然看到了一张招募空军飞行员的海报。“海报上的飞行员看起来真的很酷，我知道飞行员是一种勇敢的职业。所以，我决定试一试，”现年26岁的魏说，他现在是空军航空大学的一名飞行教官)”可知，魏方杰决定成为一名飞行员是因为他看到了飞行员的海报，钦佩他们的勇敢。故答案为Because he saw a pster featuring the pilts and admired their bravery.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据尾段中的“Nw, as an experienced flight instructr, Wei hpes t channel his passin fr aviatin int the “training and develpment f a new generatin f skilled pilts.”(现在，作为一名经验丰富的飞行教官，他希望将自己对航空的热情投入到“新一代熟练飞行员的培训和发展”中)”可知，魏方杰将自己对航空的热情投入到“新一代熟练飞行员的培训和发展”中。由此可知，现在魏方杰希望培养新一代熟练飞行员。故答案为Wei Fangjie hpes t train a new generatin f skilled pilts nw.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Accrding t Wei, pilt students need t nt nly study aviatin thery but als practice difficult aerbatics (飞行特技), which require strng resistance t gravity frce.(魏表示，飞行员学生不仅需要学习航空理论，还需要练习高难度的飞行特技，这需要对重力有很强的抵抗力)”可知，飞行员要学习航空理论以及练习高难度的飞行特技，需要对重力有很强的抵抗力，由此可知，“Accrding t Wei, students shuld nt nly have essential ability t read instruments but als study aviatin thery and practice difficult aerbatics t qualify as pilts. (魏教授表示，要想成为合格的飞行员，学生不仅要具备基本的仪器阅读能力，还要学习航空理论，练习高难度的特技飞行)”中所描述的“have essential ability t read instruments”与文章内容不符。故答案为：Accrding t Wei, students shuld nt nly have essential ability t read instruments but als study aviatin thery and practice difficult aerbatics t qualify as pilts. Accrding t the passage, pilt students need t nt nly study aviatin thery but als practice difficult aerbatics.
【43题详解】
考查开放题。根据尾段中的“Nw, as an experienced flight instructr, Wei hpes t channel his passin fr aviatin int the “training and develpment f a new generatin f skilled pilts.”(现在，作为一名经验丰富的飞行教官，他希望将自己对航空的热情投入到“新一代熟练飞行员的培训和发展”中)”可知，魏方杰作为经验丰富的飞行教官，投入到培养熟练飞行员的工作中去，所以我认为：魏方杰是一个负责任的人，因为他愿意全身心地投入到自己的事业中，培养新一代的熟练飞行员。故答案为I think Wei is a respnsible persn because he’s willing t devte himself t his career and training a new generatin f skilled pilts.
第二节（20分）
44. 假定你是李华，从小练习国画，你的英国朋友Jim邀请你参加主题为Amazing Nature的青少年画展。请给他回复一封邮件，表示同意参加，内容包括：
1．感谢邀请；
2．作品简介。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Peter,
I am delighted t accept yur invitatin t the art exhibitin themed “Amazing Nature”. Thank yu fr the fantastic pprtunity and I am writing t give yu a brief intrductin f my wrk.
The painting I created features the harmny f natural wrld. I am an enthusiast f bth nature and art; therefre, my wrks are ften full f elements f nature. Yu will be deeply impressed by the peaceful landscapes, elegant birds and delicate flwers in the paining, which is in line with the theme.
Thanks again fr the pprtunity t demnstrate my passin fr art and nature.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回复一封邮件，表示同意参加主题为Amazing Nature的青少年画展，表示感谢并简单介绍作品。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴：delighted →glad
机会：pprtunity → chance
充满：be full f → be filled with
展示：demnstrate → shw
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am delighted t accept yur invitatin t the art exhibitin themed “Amazing Nature”.
拓展句：I am delighted t accept yur invitatin t the art exhibitin whse theme is “Amazing Nature”
【点睛】【高分句型1】The painting I created features the harmny f natural wrld.（运用了省略关系代词that/which的定语从句）
【高分句型2】Yu will be deeply impressed by the peaceful landscapes, elegant birds and delicate flwers in the paining, which is in line with the theme.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）