单元提升卷05 选必一Unit 5 Working the Land（含答案） 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷（新高考通用）练习

这是一份单元提升卷05 选必一Unit 5 Working the Land（含答案） 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷（新高考通用）练习，文件包含单元提升卷05选必一Unit5WorkingtheLand教师版2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷新高考通用docx、单元提升卷05选必一Unit5WorkingtheLand学生版2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷新高考通用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。

1. _______________________ n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
2. _______________________vt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
3. _______________________ n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
4. _______________________vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
5. _______________________ n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
6. _______________________ vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
7. _______________________ vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
8. _______________________adj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的
9. _______________________ vt. 产生; 引起
10. _______________________adj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. devte vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→_______________________ adj. 专心的→_______________________ n. 献身, 热爱
2. deep adj. 深的→_______________________ n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度)
3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→_______________________ n. 扩大, 发展
4. cnventin n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→_______________________ adj. 习惯的, 传统的
5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→____________________ n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的
6. estimate vt. 估计→_______________________ n. 估算; 估价
7. cnsume v. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费→_______________________ n. 消费者
8. nutritin n. 营养; 滋养→___________________ adj. 有营养的→___________________ adj. 营养(物)的
9. digest v. 消化→_______________________ n. 消化; 领悟
10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→_____________________ adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地
III.核心短语
1. _______________________ 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
2. _______________________包括; 由……组成(或构成)
3. _______________________ 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上
4. _______________________ 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流
5. _______________________ 例如; 比如
6. _______________________ 转向
7. _______________________使……免受(影响、伤害等)
8. _______________________扩大成/发展成为……
9. _______________________通过不懈的努力
10. _______________________ 几乎相反, 远非; 远离
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. shrtage n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
2. tacklevt. 解决(难题); 应付(局面); 处理
3. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
4. cnvincevt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
5. assumptin n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
6. attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得; 得到
7. vercme vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
8. intenseadj. 热切的; 十分强烈的; 激烈的
9. generate vt. 产生; 引起
10. essentialadj. 完全必要的; 极其重要的
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. devte vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于→devted adj. 专心的→devtin n. 献身, 热爱
2. deep adj. 深的→depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离; 深(度)
3. expand v. 扩大; 发展→expansin n. 扩大, 发展
4. cnventin n. 惯例; 常规; 习俗→cnventinal adj. 习惯的, 传统的
5. character n. 个性; 品质; 字符; 人物→characteristic n. 特征; 特点; 品质adj. 典型的; 独特的
6. estimate vt. 估计→estimatin n. 估算; 估价
7. cnsume v. 消费→cnsumptin n. 消费→cnsumer n. 消费者
8. nutritin n. 营养; 滋养→nutritius adj. 有营养的→nutritinal adj. 营养(物)的
9. digest v. 消化→digestin n. 消化; 领悟
10. entire adj. 整个的; 完全的; 全部的→entirely adv. 完全地; 全然地; 整个地
III.核心短语
1. devte. . . t 把……用于; 献身; 致力; 专心
2. be cmprised f包括; 由……组成(或构成)
3. deep dwn 在内心深处; 本质上; 实际上
4. in turn 相应地; 转而; 依次; 轮流
5. fr instance 例如; 比如
6. turn t 转向
7. keep. . . frm. . . 使……免受(影响、伤害等)
8. expand int. . . 扩大成/发展成为……
9. thrugh intense effrt 通过不懈的努力
10. far frm 几乎相反, 远非; 远离
一、单句语法填空
1． (essential), we are talking abut the wrld war perid.
2．The cmpany, New England Electric, burns cal (generate) pwer.
3．It is unwise t (estimate) yur ppnent’s strength and intelligence.
4．The waste water frm the nearby factry has t be (chemical) treated.
5．Peple tend t have a preference fr (rganic) grwn vegetables.
6．Agriculture culd becme the grwth engine fr hunger reductin and pverty (alleviate).
7．Sme differences between Chinese and freign scial media (rt) in culture and language.
8．Children with pr nutritin are suppsed t eat fd rich in vitamins and (mineral).
9．There is a great demand fr vlunteers in Africa because many peple live in (pr).
10．S far, a survey f the British diet (reveal) that a grwing number f peple are verweight.
11．We’re lking fr a headmaster, ne wh will devte himself (entire) t the cause f educatin.
12．All her time devted t (d) experiments, she has n time fr entertainment.
13．The path extended int the (deep) f the frest.
14．If yu are in need f an (extend) f the deadline, simply explain the situatin t the prfessr.
15．In (real), many wmen are frced t make a chice between family and career.
16．Peple nly becme true (celebrity) when they maintain a high prfile bth in their prfessinal and private lives.
17．Althugh the fuel (cnsume) is greater in the nrthern hemisphere, temperatures there seem t be falling.
18．Even thugh ur earth is rich in water resurce, there is still a (shrt) f water in many places because cean water can’t be used directly.
19．The teacher’s selfless (devte) t the cause f educatin is well knwn, and all her students respect and lve her.
20．They might help reduce energy (cnsume).
21．As she wrte, she culd smell the (salt) air, hear the crashing waves and feel the pull f the sand beneath her feet.
22．After (graduate) frm cllege, he went t the United States fr further study.
23．It (estimate) that the prject will last fur years.
24．I yielded temptatin and had a chclate bar.
25． caused the accident t happen hasn’t been made clear yet.
26． remains imprtant is that we have an incredible desire t think and create.
27． we succeed r fail depends n ur effrt and perseverance.
28．Visitrs g t the Getty thinking they are visiting a museum with wrks f art n the inside. they discver instead is a wrk f art with a museum inside.
29．It is nt clear Michael will g camping n the weekend.
30． we can get in tuch with him is the mst imprtant.
1．Essentially
【详解】考查副词。句意：本质上，我们正在谈论的是世界大战时期。空白处作状语，应使用副词。essential 的副词形式是 essentially，故填 Essentially。
2．t generate
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家名为新英格兰电力公司的公司通过烧煤发电。空处表示目的，使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填t generate。
3．underestimate
【详解】考查动词和构词法。句意：低估你的对手的实力和智力是不明智的。“It’s+形容词+t d…”，因此，这里填动词原形。结合语境可知，这里的动词表示“低估”含义，“estimate”，动词，意为“估计”，应在“estimate”前加上前缀under-（表示“不足，不够”），即“underestimate”，意为“低估”。故填underestimate。
4．chemically
【详解】考查副词。句意：附近工厂排出的废水必须经过化学处理。副词chemically，作状语修饰动词。故填chemically。
5．rganically
【详解】考查副词。句意：人们倾向于偏爱有机蔬菜。副词rganically作状语修饰形容词grwn。故填rganically。
6．alleviatin
【详解】考查名词。句意：农业可以成为减少饥饿和减轻贫困的增长引擎。不可数名词alleviatin作宾语。故填alleviatin。
7．are rted
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：中国和外国社交媒体之间的一些差异源于文化和语言。短语be rted in表示“源于”，句子陈述事实，用一般现在时，主语为differences，be动词使用are。故填are rted。
8．minerals
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：营养不良的孩子应该吃富含维生素和矿物质的食物。空处作介词in的宾语。mineral意为“矿物质”，这里表示不止一种，且其前没有限定词修饰，所以应用名词复数，即在mineral后加s。故填minerals。
9．pverty
【详解】考查名词。句意：非洲对志愿者的需求很大，因为许多人生活在贫困中。分析句意再根据空格前的介词in可知，此处用提示词的名词形式pverty作介词in的宾语。故填pverty。
10．has revealed
【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，一项关于英国饮食的调查显示，越来越多的人超重。根据S far可知，本句为现在完成时，主语a survey f the British diet ，谓语为has revealed。故填has revealed。
11．entirely
【详解】考查副词。句意：我们正在寻找一位校长，一个要完全致力于教育事业的人。设空处作状语修饰动词devte，用副词entirely，表示“完全地”。故填entirely。
12．ding
【详解】考查动名词。句意：由于她所有的时间都用于做实验，她没有时间娱乐。devte ne’s time t ding sth.“把时间花在做某事上”，所以设空处应使用d“做”的动名词形式，作宾语。故填ding。
13．depths
【详解】考查名词。句意：小路一直延伸到森林深处。由设空处前后的“”结构可知，设空处是中心词，应用名词形式。depth“最深处”，可数名词，常用复数形式，the depths f the frest意为“森林深处”。故填depths。
14．extensin
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你需要延长截止日期，简单地向教授解释一下情况。根据设空处前面的an和后面的f可知此处应填名词，和f后面的名词形成所属关系。故填extensin。
15．reality
【详解】考查名词。句意：在现实中，许多妇女被迫在家庭和事业之间做出选择。空格处用名词作宾语，real的名词是reality，意为“现实”，in reality是固定短语，意为“在现实中，实际上”，因此空格处是reality。故填reality。
16．celebrities
【详解】考查名词的复数。句意：只有在职业和私人生活中都保持高调的人才能成为真正的名人。由they可知，空格处用复数celebrities，故填celebrities。
17．cnsumptin
【详解】考查名词的用法。句意：尽管在北半球消耗的燃料更多，那里的温度似乎却在下降。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要一个名词作主语，cnsume是动词，需要转换成名词形式。cnsumptin是cnsume的名词形式，意为“消耗”，符合句意。故填cnsumptin。
18．shrtage
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管我们的地球水资源丰富，但在许多地方仍然缺水，因为海水不能直接使用。a后跟可数名词的单数形式，shrt的名词是shrtage，意为“短缺”，作主语，a shrtage f (缺乏)。故填shrtage。
19．devtin
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位老师对教育事业的无私奉献众所周知，她所有的学生都尊敬和爱戴她。selfless是形容词，空格处需填名词，作句子主语，devte是动词，其名词形式是devtin，意为“奉献”，符合句意。故填devtin。
20．cnsumptin
【详解】考查名词。句意：他们可能会帮助减少能源消耗。根据空前的动词reduce可知设空处与名词energy构成名词短语,作动词reduce的宾语，energy cnsumptin表示“能源消耗”，故填名词cnsumptin。
21．salty
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当她写作的时候，她能闻到带咸味的空气，听到海浪的撞击声,感觉到脚下沙子的拉力。设空处作定语,修饰名词air表示“咸的”用形容词形式。故填salty。
22．graduating/graduatin
【详解】考查名词和动名词。句意：大学毕业后，他去了美国深造。根据空前After为介词可知，此处为动名词或者名词形式，构成介宾短语，满足句子结构。故填graduating/graduatin。
23．is estimated
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：据估计，这项工程将持续四年。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语，it和estimate之间为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为it，be动词用is，It is estimated that...为固定句型，意为“据估计”。故填is estimated。
24．t
【详解】考查介词。句意：我抵不住诱惑，吃了一块巧克力。短语yield t表示“屈服于”。故填t。
25．What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：事故发生的原因还没有弄清楚。空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，指物，应用连接代词what引导从句，置于句首，首字母应大写，故填What。
26．What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的渴望去思考和创造。空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，使用连接代词what引导，首字母应大写，故填What。
27．Whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们的成功或失败取决于我们的努力和毅力。空处引导主语从句，结合句意及“r nt”可知此处使用 nt引导，表示“是否”，首字母应大写，故填Whether
28．What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：游客们来到Getty博物馆，以为自己是在参观一个里面有艺术品的博物馆。相反，他们发现的是一件内部有博物馆的艺术品。分析句子结构和意思可知，“________ they discver instead”是主语从句，从句中缺少动词discver的宾语，指物，用what，“什么”的意思，首字母大写。故填What。
29．whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：迈克尔周末是否去露营还不清楚。设空处引导的是主语从句，意为“是否”用whether。此处it为形式主语，whether引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填whether。
30．Hw
【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：我们怎样才能和他取得联系是最重要的。空处引导主语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词，根据句意，表达“怎样”之意，用hw引导，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Hw。
高考能力提升
二、阅读理解
A
There are many scientific breakthrughs made by wmen in the Antarctic. Here are fur landmarks in Antarctica and the female pineers they’re named after.
Jnes Terrace
The ice-free terrace in eastern Antarctica’s Victria Land bears Jnes’ name. In 1969, gechemist Lis M. Jnes led the first all-female research team frm the U. S. t wrk in Antarctica. Jnes and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurd Dry Valleys, an ice-free area f Antarctica. Thrugh chemical analyses f rcks they had cllected, Jnes and her team discvered many gechemical characteristics f the valley’s ice-cvered lakes.
Munt Fiennes
8,202-ft-high Munt Fiennes, lcated n Antarctica’s largest island — Alexander Island — is named after Ginny Fiennes. She established and maintained 80-ft-tall radi twers in the Antarctic with her clleagues. In 1985, Fiennes became the first female invited t jin the Antarctic Club, a British supper club pen t individuals wh have spent extended time in the Antarctic regin.
Francis Peak
The 3,727-ft-tall peak n Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, wh is the first female directr f the British Antarctic Survey, the natinal plar research institute f the UK. Her cllectin f fssils n Seymur Island helped cnclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fssils indicate the cntinent nce had a much warmer climate than it currently des.
Peden Cliffs
Peden Cliffs near Antarctica’s Marie Byrd Land are prf f the labr f Irene Peden. She was the first American female scientist t bth live and wrk in the Antarctic, where she used radi waves t study ice sheets. Peden and her team determined hw very lw frequency radi wave spread ver lng plar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They als used varying radi wave frequencies t measure the thickness f Antarctica’s ice sheets.
31．What d the first tw pineers have in cmmn?
A．They analyzed different chemicals f rcks in Antarctica.
B．They bth wrked with their wn team in Antarctica.
C．They cnducted the research in the ice-free areas in Antarctica.
D．They jined the Antarctic Club fr their stay in Antarctica.
32．Wh prved the previus higher temperatures f the Antarctic?
A．Lis M. Jnes.B．Ginny Fiennes.
C．Dame Jane Francis.D．Irene Peden.
33．What is the scientific breakthrugh f Irene Peden?
A．She was the first American scientist t explre the Antarctic.
B．She measured the spreading frequencies f radi waves.
C．She fund ut the thickness f Antarctica’s ice sheets.
D．She discvered a lt f ice-cvered lakes in the Antarctic.
B
It was in a brightly-lit rm in Mexic City, Mexic, that n June 18, 2014 it was annunced that India-brn Dr Sanjaya Rajaram had been named the winner f the Wrld Fd Prize.
Dr Rajaram wn this award fr successfully crssbreeding (杂交) the winter and spring wheat (小麦) varieties, which have been tw distinct and islated gene pls (分离的基因库) since the beginning f farming. And because f this breakthrugh, the scientist has been able t breed ver 480 wheat varieties.
Brn in Varanasi in 1943, Dr Rajaram lived with his family ff a plt f land grwing wheat, rice and maize. “After my educatin here in India, I went ff t Australia fr my PhD and sn I jined CIMMYT (the Internatinal Maize and Wheat Imprvement Centre) in Mexic, where my career as a plant breeder started,” said Dr Rajaram.
“Every cuntry is unique — there are climate systems, culture, the financial situatin and each f the natins I visited needed a different set f slutins,” said Dr Rajaram. His slutins became part f what is widely described as the wrld’s first “wheat netwrk”, a glbal exchange f “genetic infrmatin and innvatins amng researchers”. His varieties f wheat were strng in nutritin, delayed (延迟) the attack f sme plant diseases and were able t survive the severest f cnditins.
After nearly half a century in the field, Dr Rajaram said his wrk was still nt finished. “In science, yu never stp learning. I have been ding this all my life and I’ve never really had time fr anything else. As far as hbbies g, well, there’s a bit f music I like t listen t and that’s pretty much it. I have been n a lng jurney f pushing the bundaries (边界) f what’s pssible and tday, there’s still wrk left. Learning must never stp and the wrld must nt g hungry.”
34．Why was Dr Rajaram awarded the Wrld Fd Prize?
A．He imprved several wheat varieties genetically.
B．He crssbred the winter and spring wheat varieties.
C．He successfully bred tw wheat varieties.
D．He fund the difference between the winter and spring wheat varieties.
35．When did Dr Rajaram start t wrk n plant breeding?
A．During his cllege years in India.
B．While ding his PhD in Australia.
C．After becming a member f CIMMYT in Mexic.
D．While living with his family near wheat-grwing land.
36．What is ne advantage f the wheat varieties develped by Dr Rajaram?
A．They can be planted in any seasn.
B．They are free frm the attack f sme pant diseases.
C．They can grw well in terrible envirnments.
D．They can grw taller than traditinal nes.
37．What can we learn abut Dr Rajaram frm the last paragraph?
A．He was t busy with wrk t develp any hbby.
B．He wasn’t satisfied with the results f his research.
C．He planned t d research in a new field f science.
D．He made his mind t wrk n wrld fd prblems.
31．B 32．C 33．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位女性在探索南极洲方面取得的成就。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In 1969, gechemist Lis M. Jnes led the first all-female research team frm the U. S. t wrk in Antarctica. Jnes and her team studied chemical weathering in the McMurd Dry Valleys, an ice-free area f Antarctica.(1969年，地球化学家Lis M. Jnes带领美国第一个全女性研究小组在南极洲工作。Jnes 和她的团队研究了南极洲无冰地区麦克默多干谷的化学风化作用。)”和第三段的“She established and maintained 80-ft-tall radi twers in the Antarctic with her clleagues.(她和同事们在南极建立并维护了80英尺高的无线电发射塔。)”可知，Lis M. Jnes领导了第一个在南极洲工作的美国全女性研究小组，Ginny Fiennes和她的同事们一起在南极洲建立和维护无线电发射塔。 由此可知，前两位先驱的共同之处在于她们都和自己的团队一起在南极洲工作。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The 3,727-ft-tall peak n Antarctica’s Adelaide Island is named after Dame Jane Francis, wh is the first female directr f the British Antarctic Survey, the natinal plar research institute f the UK. Her cllectin f fssils n Seymur Island helped cnclude in a 2021 paper that Antarctica’s abundant plant fssils indicate the cntinent nce had a much warmer climate than it currently des.(这座位于南极洲阿德莱德岛上的3727英尺高的山峰是以Dame Jane Francis的名字命名的，她是英国南极调查局的第一位女性主任。她在西摩岛收集的化石帮助她在2021年的一篇论文中得出结论：南极洲丰富的植物化石表明，该大陆曾经有过比现在温暖得多的气候。)”可知，Dame Jane Francis根据在西摩岛收集的化石得出结论，南极洲曾经的气候比现在暖和得多，因此Dame Jane Francis证明了南极以前的高温。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Peden and her team determined hw very lw frequency radi wave spread ver lng plar distances by measuring pathways in the ice. They als used varying radi wave frequencies t measure the thickness f Antarctica’s ice sheets.(Peden和她的团队通过测量冰中的路径来确定低频无线电波是如何在极长距离传播的。她们还使用不同的无线电波频率来测量南极洲冰盖的厚度。)”可知，Irene Peden利用无线电波得出南极洲冰盖的厚度。故选C。
34．B 35．C 36．C 37．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了小麦育种专家Sanjaya Rajaram成功培育出冬春杂交小麦品种，获得世界粮食奖。
34．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was in a brightly-lit rm in Mexic City, Mexic, that n June 18, 2014 it was annunced that India-brn Dr Sanjaya Rajaram had been named the winner f the Wrld Fd Prize.(2014年6月18日，在墨西哥墨西哥城一个灯火通明的房间里，印度出生的Sanjaya Rajaram博士被宣布为世界粮食奖获得者)”以及第二段“Dr Rajaram wn this award fr successfully crssbreeding (杂交) the winter and spring wheat (小麦) varieties,(Rajaram博士因成功杂交冬小麦和春小麦品种而获得该奖项)”可知，Sanjaya Rajaram博士被授予世界粮食奖，是因为他杂交了冬小麦和春小麦品种。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据第三段中“After my educatin here in India, I went ff t Australia fr my PhD and sn I jined CIMMYT (the Internatinal Maize and Wheat Imprvement Centre) in Mexic, where my career as a plant breeder started,(在印度接受教育后，我去了澳大利亚攻读博士学位，很快我加入了墨西哥的CIMMYT（国际玉米小麦改良中心），在那里我开始了我的植物育种者职业生涯)”可知，Rajaram博士加入国际玉米小麦改良中心后，开始从事植物育种工作。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据第四段中“His varieties f wheat were strng in nutritin, delayed (延迟) the attack f sme plant diseases and were able t survive the severest f cnditins.(他的小麦品种营养丰富，延迟了一些植物病害的侵袭，能够在最恶劣的条件下存活下来)”可知，Rajaram博士培育的小麦品种能在恶劣的环境中生长。故选C。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“After nearly half a century in the field, Dr Rajaram said his wrk was still nt finished. “In science, yu never stp learning. I have been ding this all my life and I’ve never really had time fr anything else. As far as hbbies g, well, there’s a bit f music I like t listen t and that’s pretty much it. I have been n a lng jurney f pushing the bundaries (边界) f what’s pssible and tday, there’s still wrk left. Learning must never stp and the wrld must nt g hungry.”(在该领域工作了近半个世纪后，Rajaram博士说他的工作还没有完成。‘在科学领域，你永远不会停止学习。我一辈子都在做这件事，我从来没有真正有时间做其他事情。就爱好而言，好吧，有一点我喜欢听的音乐，几乎就是这样。我一直在努力突破可能的极限，今天还有工作要做。学习永远不能停止，世界也不能挨饿。’)”可知，Rajaram博士已经在粮食领域工作了数十年，他认为自己还有很多工作要做，需要不断学习，让世界人民不再饥饿。因此可推断，他决定致力于解决世界粮食问题。故选D。
三、完形填空
Farms are the biggest users f freshwater resurces. The Fd and Agriculture Organisatin says agriculture uses seventy percent f all surface water supplies. That is the wrld 38 . Withut the right measures, agriculture can be a majr cause f water pllutin.
But slutins d nt have t 39 much. There are simple methds fr farms f any size t reduce r 40 pllutin f water supplies. We are ging t talk abut a few f them.
The first 41 fertilisers and pisns. One way such chemicals can enter the envirnment is when they are nt stred crrectly. Stred chemicals can slwly 42 the sil and get int grundwater. T help avid such prblems, chemicals shuld be kept in structures with a flr made f cement (水泥).
Farm animals can als pllute water supplies. Animals like cattle, pigs, sheep and gats are ften left t 43 n grass in pen fields by streams r rivers. Large animals lsen dirt and rcks as they walk alng waterways t drink. Animal 44 als enters water supplies. Experts say it is imprtant t keep large farm animals away frm water supplies with the use f a fence r 45 .
Instead f leading animals t water, bring the water t them. Farmers can send water thrugh pipes t watering areas fr their animals with pumps 46 by electricity r fuel. Human-pwered treadle pumps are anther slutin.
Trees, bushes and smaller plants can act as 47 barriers alng streams and rivers. Bushes prvide excellent grund cver 48 grwn near waterways. Animals 49 bushes with sharp thrns (尖刺).
Tree rts prvide natural supprt fr sil. Trees planted near waterways help stp sil lss frm heavy rains. They 50 help keep the sun frm drying ut sil. They hld sil in place during rains and 51 the water flw. These methds will nt slve all water quality prblems, 52 they are gd first steps.
38．A．levelB．strageC．averageD．prblem
39．A．reduceB．takeC．matterD．cst
40．A．cnsiderB．createC．preventD．rescue
41．A．deals withB．takes verC．pays frD．adapts t
42．A．g upB．stretch inC．make frD．leak int
43．A．feedB．gC．endangerD．keep
44．A．fatB．wasteC．fdD．medicine
45．A．anythingB．nthingC．smethingD．everything
46．A．attractedB．usedC．madeD．pwered
47．A．well-equippedB．respnsibleC．strngD．natural
48．A．whenB．unlessC．in caseD．until
49．A．chseB．prtectC．enjyD．avid
50．A．easilyB．hardlyC．alsD．either
51．A．destryB．easeC．speed upD．stp
52．A．thughB．butC．sD．therefre
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jia Sixie, authr f China’s first agricultural encyclpedia (百科全书), was ne f the leading agrnmists (农学家) in Chinese histry. In the late years f the Nrthern Wei Dynasty, he wrte Qimin Yashu, the 53 (early) and mst cmplete agricultural encyclpedia still in existence in China.
Jia Sixie was brn in Yidu Cunty in Shandng Prvince. During his childhd, Jia’s family wasn’t wealthy, but had 54 rich cllectin f bks. This prvided the yung Jia with an pprtunity t read ancient Chinese literature 55 (wide) n agriculture. He cmpleted Qimin Yashu during the wars, when he saw amunts f 56 (suffer) the pr farmers underwent. 57 he believed deep dwn was that the develpment f agriculture culd relieve the shrtage f fd and thus help thse farmers ut.
The bk, which is cmprised f 92 chapters in 10 vlumes and nearly 120,000 characters, 58 (cver) a wide range f tpics and recrds n prductin experience and methds. It includes advice n farming, fishery and sideline ccupatins. In the bk, he emphasized the imprtance f seed breeding 59 (generate) better varieties.
Qimin Yashu was first distributed mainly amng cmmn peple. In the late Tang Dynasty, the bk was intrduced t Japan. S far, the bk 60 (translate) int several languages. Qimin Yashu is cnsidered 61 an imprtant summary f farming knwledge. At present, it is still studied by Chinese farmers and students 62 (majr) in agriculture.
38．C 39．D 40．C 41．A 42．D 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．D 47．D 48．A 49．D 50．C 51．B 52．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了农场对淡水资源的消耗和污染问题，并提出了一些简单的减少或防止供水污染的方法。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是世界平均值。A. level水平；B. strage存储；C. average平均值；D. prblem问题。根据上文“The Fd and Agriculture Organisatin says agriculture uses seventy percent f all surface water supplies.”可知，联合国粮农组织表示，农业使用了所有地表水供应的70%，由此可推知，70%这个数字应该是世界平均值。故选C。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但解决方案并不需要花费太多。A. reduce减少；B. take拿；C. matter重要；D. cst花费。根据下文“There are simple methds fr farms f any size t reduce r ___3___ pllutin f water supplies.”可知，农场可以使用一些简单的方法减少供水污染，因此解决方案并不需要花费太多。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于任何规模的农场，都有一些简单的方法来减少或防止供水污染。A. cnsider考虑；B. create创造；C. prevent防止；D. rescue救援。根据上文“t reduce r”可推知，空处应该和reduce表达相近的意思，此处指减少或防止供水污染。故选C。
41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一步处理化肥和毒药。A. deals with处理；B. takes ver接管；C. pays fr支付；D. adapts t适应。根据上文“There are simple methds fr farms f any size t reduce r ___3___ pllutin f water supplies.”可知，这是在介绍减少水污染的方法，因此是处理化肥和毒药。故选A。
42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：储存的化学物质会慢慢渗入土壤并进入地下水。A. g up上升；B. stretch in延伸；C. make fr前往；D. leak int渗入。根据上文“One way such chemicals can enter the envirnment is when they are nt stred crrectly.”可推知，储存不正确的情况下，化学物质会慢慢渗入土壤并进入地下水。故选D。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像牛、猪、绵羊和山羊这样的动物经常被留在溪边或河边的草地上进食。A. feed进食；B. g去；C. endanger使遭危险，危害；D. keep保持。根据下文“n grass in pen fields by streams r rivers”可推知，这样的动物会被留在溪边或河边的草地上进食，短语feed n“以……为食”。故选A。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：动物粪便也会进入供水系统。A. fat脂肪；B. waste粪便；C. fd食物；D. medicine药物。根据上文“Large animals lsen dirt and rcks as they walk alng waterways t drink.”可知，这些动物沿着水道行走喝水，因此它们沿途排泄的粪便会进入供水系统。故选B。
45．考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：专家表示，重要的是要用栅栏之类的东西让大型农场动物远离水源。A. anything任何事物；B. nthing没有什么，没有一件东西；C. smething某物；D. everything所有事物。根据上文“a fence r”可推知，此处用固定短语r smething表示“诸如此类的事物”，建议用栅栏之类的东西让动物远离水源。故选C。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：农民可以通过管道将水送到灌溉区，用电力或燃料驱动的水泵为他们的动物供水。A. attracted吸引；B. used使用；C. made制造；D. pwered驱动。根据下文“by electricity r fuel”可推知，此处指水泵由电力或燃料驱动，和下文Human-pwered treadle pumps“人力踩踏水泵”相呼应。故选D。
47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：树木、灌木和较小的植物可以作为溪流和河流的天然屏障。A. well-equipped装备精良的；B. respnsible负责的；C. strng强壮的；D. natural天然的。根据上文“Trees, bushes and smaller plants”可推知，树木、灌木和较小的植物本身生长在农场环境中，是作为溪流和河流的天然屏障。故选D。
48．考查连词（短语）词义辨析。句意：当灌木生长在水道附近时，可以提供很好的地面覆盖物。A. when当……时；B. unless除非；C. in case万一；D. until直到。根据上文“Bushes prvide excellent grund cver”和下文“grwn near waterways”可推知，此处指当灌木生长在水道附近时，它们可以提供很好的地面覆盖物。故选A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：动物避开长有尖刺的灌木丛。A. chse选择；B. prtect保护；C. enjy享受；D. avid避免。根据下文“bushes with sharp thrns (尖刺)”可知，灌木丛有尖刺，因此动物会避开它们。故选D。
50．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们也有助于防止太阳晒干土壤。A. easily容易地；B. hardly几乎不；C. als也；D. either也（用于否定句）。根据上文“Trees planted near waterways help stp sil lss frm heavy rains.”可知，此处是进一步介绍树根对土壤的保护作用，指也有助于防止太阳晒干土壤，且句子是肯定句，应用als。故选C。
51．考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：它们能在下雨时固定土壤，并减缓水流。A. destry破坏；B. ease缓和，减轻；C. speed up加速；D. stp制止。根据上文“Tree rts prvide natural supprt fr sil.”可知，本段介绍树根对土壤的保护作用，结合空后“the water flw”可知，树根可以减缓水流的流动。故选B。
52．考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：这些方法不能解决所有的水质问题，但它们是良好的第一步。A. thugh尽管；B. but但是；C. s所以；D. therefre因此。根据上文“These methds will nt slve all water quality prblems”和下文“they are gd first steps”可知，前后是转折的关系，指这些方法不能解决所有的水质问题，但是良好的第一步。故选B。
53．earliest 54．a 55．widely 56．suffering 57．What 58．cvers 59．t generate 60．has been translated 61．as 62．majring
【导语】本文体裁属于说明文。本文介绍了中国历史上著名的农学家贾思勰及其所著的农业百科全书《齐民要术》，详细阐述了该书的背景、内容、影响以及贾思勰的农业理念。
53．考查形容词最高级。句意：北魏末年，他撰写了中国现存的最早、最完整的农业百科全书《齐民要术》。由句意以及设空处后的and mst cmplete可知，设空处应用形容词最高级earliest“最早的”。故填earliest。
54．考查冠词。句意：童年时，贾家并不富裕，但有一批丰富的藏书。此处泛指“一批丰富的藏书”，且rich以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
55．考查副词。句意：这给年轻的贾提供了一个机会：广泛阅读有关农业的中国古代文献。设空处修饰动词read，在句中作状语，表示“广泛地”，用副词widely。故填widely。
56．考查名词。句意：他在战争期间完成了《齐民要术》，当时他看到了贫苦农民经受的大量的苦难。根据设空处前的amunts f可知设空处填不可数名词suffering“苦难”，作saw的宾语。故填suffering。
57．考查主语从句。句意：他内心深处相信农业的发展可以缓解粮食短缺，从而帮助那些农民摆脱困境。本空引导主语从句，且从句中believed后面缺少宾语，且指物，因此使用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填What。
58．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该书共有10卷92篇，近12万字，涵盖了广泛的主题和有关生产经验和方法的记录。设空处在句中作谓语。该句对著作进行介绍，时态应使用一般现在时，主语The bk为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填cvers。
59．考查非谓语动词。句意：在书中，他强调了育种以产生更好的变种的重要性。本句谓语为emphasized，此处为非谓语动词，设空处表示目的，应用generate“产生”的不定式，作目的状语。故填t generate。
60．考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这本书已被翻译成了几种语言。设空处在句中作谓语，由时间状语S far可知，时态应使用现在完成时，主语the bk与动词translate“翻译”之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has been translated。
61．考查介词。句意：《齐民要术》被认为是农业知识的重要总结。意为“认为……是……”为固定搭配，be cnsidered as“被认为是”。故填as。
62．考查非谓语动词。句意：目前,它仍然是中国农民和农业专业学生的研究对象。本句已有谓语is studied，所以设空处应填非谓语动词，空前的students与提示词majr“主修”为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词形式，作后置定语。故填majring。
四、书信写作
63．假如你是李华，你校将举办一场英语演讲比赛，请你以The Scientist I Admire Mst为主题写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：
1.对这位科学家的简介；
2.尊敬和爱戴他/她的原因；
3.从他/她身上得到的启示。
注意：
写作词数为 80词左右。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
63．Distinguished teachers and fellw students,
It’s a great hnr t stand here t deliver my speech. My tpic is The Scientist I Admire Mst. Fr me, the scientist must be Yuan Lngping, the Father f Hybrid Rice.
Brn in a pr family in 1930, Yuan had a strng will t tackle the hunger crisis when he was yung. Thanks t his research in hybrid rice, the rice prductin was greatly imprved, ridding the wrld f hunger. His extrardinary cntributins and valuable qualities have left a prfund impressin n me.
It is he that makes me realize that nly with devtin and perseverance can we vercme difficulties. In my eyes, he was nt nly a scientist, but als a pineer fr all peple.
That’s all. Thanks fr yur listening.
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生以The Scientist I Admire Mst为主题写一篇演讲稿，参加学校举办的英语演讲比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
处理：tackle→deal with
由于：thanks t→due t
意识到：realize→be aware f
克服：vercme→get ver
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Fr me, the scientist must be Yuan Lngping, the Father f Hybrid Rice.
拓展句：Fr me, the scientist must be Yuan Lngping, wh is the Father f Hybrid Rice.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
Thanks t his research in hybrid rice, the rice prductin was greatly imprved, ridding the wrld f hunger.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2]
It is he that makes me realize that nly with devtin and perseverance can we vercme difficulties.（运用了强调句，that引导宾语从句）