单元提升卷05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters（含答案） 2025年高考英语一轮复习考点通关卷（新高考通用）练习

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拓展词汇变形
rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援→rescuer n. 营救人员；救援人员
survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivr n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存；生还
death n. 死；死亡→die vi. 死；死亡→dead adj. 死的；无生命的→dying adj. 垂死的；临终的
shck n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shcked adj. 震惊的→shcking adj. 令人震惊的
breathe vi.&vt. 呼吸→breath n．呼吸
revive vt.&vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 痛苦；苦难→sufferer n. 受苦者
wisdm n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的→wisely adv. 明智地；有智慧地
sweep vt.&vi. 打扫；清扫→(过去式)swept→(过去分词)swept
strike vi.&vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击→(过去式)struck→(过去分词)struck/stricken
pwer n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→pwerful adj. 强大的；强有力的→pwerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
erupt vi.&vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruptin n. 爆发
calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静→calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地
deliver vt.&vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 递送；传达
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效的
length n. 长；长度→lng adj. 长的→lengthen vt. 加长
核心短语互译
refer t 指的是；参考，查阅；提到
used t 过去常常
set up 建立
at least 至少
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in shck 震惊；吃惊
blw away 吹走；刮走
cme t an end 结束
fall dwn 倒塌
cut acrss 穿过；贯穿；抄近路
as usual 和往常一样
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
in the pen air 露天；在户外
n hand 现有(尤指帮助)
stay/keep calm 保持平静
stay away frm 远离
make sure 确保
fight the fire 扑火
fld­hit area 洪灾地区
rescue wrker 营救人员
hundreds f 成百上千的
nthing but 只有；仅仅
dig ut 挖出
the number f ……的数量
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．I ften recall the happy days we spent tgether during ur summer hliday.
2．The scientist spent years alne in the frest, (survive) nly by eating wild fruits.
3．Our generatin nce jined hands and std firm at times f natinal (emerge).
4．The gvernment has taken (effect) measures t reduce the damage caused by the landslide.
5．The lift suddenly brke dwn and I (trap) inside.
6．The Internet (affect) ur daily life greatly.
7．I am sure that he has the pwer (finish) the task n time.
8．Let me shw yu the nvel that I brrwed frm the library was newly pen.
9．I remember seeing a family (rescue) by the team.
10．There were lud (crash) f glass breaking and things falling t the grund, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly.
11．The athlete was ut f (breathe) after finishing the marathn.
12．When he gets anxius, he ften breathes deeply t calm (he) dwn.
13．On 26 December 2004, a tsunami caused by the (pwerful) earthquake in the past 40 years crashed int castlines acrss Asia.
14．His failure in the match was a (shck) piece f news fr his fans.
15．The bk serves as a bridge between ancient (wise) and mdern science.
16．Thrugh all the (effrt), the city began t breathe again.
17． (wise) is knwing what t d next.
18．The ld man feared what wuld happen after his (die)
19． (strike) by the beauty f Munt Tai, we decided t stay anther day.
20．Huge (wave) were breaking n the shre.
21．Thugh he has been pwer fr tw years, he hasn't fund an effective slutin t the cuntry's ecnmic prblems.
22．I dn’t knw whether they are supplied enugh fd in the area.
23．The kind f trees is under threat and ten percent (destry)in huge wildfires last summer.
24．All the (suffer) will pass and we shuld be psitive abut future.
25．Nwadays family members are ften fund (bury) in their wn smartphnes.
26．They are repairing the huses which (damage) in the fld.
27．In the UK, t many peple in charge still insist n smehw (revive) traditinal shps.
28．Traditinal culture has a great n us, s in my pinin, sme measures shuld be taken t prtect it . (effect)
29．The Internet has nw becme the first place the majrity f peple turn t fr infrmatin.
30．Bitter memries came (fld) back when he drve by the bridge.
1．that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我经常回忆起我们暑假一起度过的日子。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the happy days，指物，在从句中作spent的宾语，故应用that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
2．surviving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家子森林里独自待了几年，靠吃野果子为生。此处作状语，survive与主语the scientist之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语，故填surviving。
3．emergency
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们这一代人曾在国家紧急时刻携手并肩，坚定立场。根据空格前的形容词natinal可知，形容词应该修饰名词，所以空格处用提示词的形容词形式emergency作介词f的宾语，表示“紧急时刻”。故填emergency。
4．effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府已采取有效措施减少滑坡造成的损失。根据空格后的名词measures可知，此处用提示词的形容词形式effective作定语，表示“有效的”措施。故填effective。
5．was trapped
【详解】考查动词的时态语态。句意：电梯突然出了故障，我被困在了里面。空处是第二个句子的谓语动词，根据第一句的谓语动词brke dwn可知，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，且动词trap“困住，使陷入困境”和主语I之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was trapped。
6．affects
【详解】考查时态。句意：网络极大地影响着我们的日常生活。此处作谓语动词，主语为The Internet，与affect之间为主动关系，且此处陈述客观事实，故应用一般现在时，故填affects。
7．t finish
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我确信他有按时完成任务的能力。这里考查非谓语，由句意可知，此空应填不定式作后置定语，修饰前面名词pwer。故填t finish。
8．which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我给你看看我从新开的图书管里借的小说。此处引导定语从句，先行词为the library，指物，在定语从句中充当主语，且前文已经有了that引导的定语从句修饰the nvel，故此处用which引导，故填which。
9．rescued
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得看到一家人被救援队救了。a family与rescue之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，设空处应填过去分词做宾补，rescue过去分词为rescued。故填rescued。
10．crashes
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玻璃破碎的声音很响，东西掉在地上，但学生们仍然静静地等待着。分析句子结构可知，形容词修饰名词，由谓语动词were可知，用复数，故填crashes。
11．breath
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：运动员跑完马拉松后上气不接下气。此处使用名词breath，固定搭配ut f breath“喘不过气来，上气不接下气”。故填breath。
12．himself
【详解】考查代词。句意：当他焦虑时，他经常深呼吸使自己平静下来。固定搭配calm neself dwn“冷静下来”，根据主语he可知，此处使用代词himself“他自己”作宾语。故填himself。
13．mst pwerful
【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：2004年12月26日，一场由40年来最强烈的地震引起的海啸席卷了整个亚洲的海岸线。根据earthquake in the past 40 years可知，此处表达“最强烈的”，应用形容词最高级mst pwerful。故填mst pwerful。
14．shcking
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他在比赛中的失败对他的球迷来说是一个令人震惊的消息。此处使用形容词shcking“令人震惊的”，作前置定语，修饰piece f news。故填shcking。
15．wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：这本书是古代智慧和现代科学之间的一座桥梁。提示词作介词宾语，与 mdern science并列，用名词wisdm，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdm。
16．effrts
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过所有的努力，这座城市又开始复苏了。effrt为名词“努力”，该名词可数。根据空前的all可知，空处需要该名词的复数形式。故填effrts。
17．Wisdm
【详解】考查名词。句意：智慧就是知道接下来该做什么。空处需要名词作主语。wise的名词形式为wisdm“智慧”。该名词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Wisdm。
18．death
【详解】考查名词。句意：老人担心死后会发生什么事。此处使用名词death“死亡”，作after的宾语。故填death。
19．Struck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被泰山的美景所震撼，我们决定多待一天。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。该动词和其逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。该词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Struck。
20．waves
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：巨浪拍击着海岸。根据空后的were可知，此处使用名词wave“海浪”的复数形式，作主语。故填waves。
21．in
【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管他已经掌权两年了，但他还没有找到解决国家经济问题的有效办法。“in pwer”是一个固定搭配，意为“执政；掌权”，此处为介词短语作表语。故填in。
22．with
【详解】考查介词。句意：我不知道该地区是否为他们提供了足够的食物。固定搭配supply sb with sth，表“为某人提供某物”，其被动形式为be supplied with。故填with。
23．were destryed
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：这种树木正受到威胁，去年夏天在大规模野火中有百分之十被摧毁。and连接两个并列的句子，空处为后一句话的谓语。根据时间状语“last summer”可知，本句话为一般过去时态。主语和该动词之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were destryed。
24．suffering(s)
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有的痛苦都会过去，我们应该对未来持积极态度。作主语，应用名词suffering，可用单数可用复数。故填sufferings/suffering。
25．buried
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，家庭成员常常发现自己沉迷于各自的智能手机中。“be buried in”这是一个固定搭配，表示“专心于，沉浸在……之中”，空处需要非谓语动词作主语补足语，所以去掉be，剩下过去分词作主补。故填buried。
26．were damaged
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他们正在修理在洪水中受损的房屋。空处为定语从句的谓语动词。which指代先行词the huses，在定语从句中主语，所以定语从句的主语和该动词之间为被动关系。从句描述过去的事实，用一般过去时态。故填were damaged。
27．reviving
【详解】考查动名词。句意：在英国，太多的负责人仍然坚持以某种方式复兴传统商店。根据空格前的insist n可知，此处用提示词的动名词形式作宾语构成insist n ding sth表示“坚持做某事”。故填reviving。
28． effect effective effectively
【详解】考查名词、形容词和副词。句意：传统文化对我们有很大的影响，所以在我看来，应该采取一些有效的措施来有效地保护它。第一空作has的宾语，应用名词effect，意为“影响”，且空前有a，effect应用单数形式，短语have a great effect n意为“对……有很大的影响”；第二空作修饰measures的定语，形容词effective符合题意，意为“有效的”；第三空作修饰prtect的状语，副词effectively符合题意，意为“有效地”。故填①effect；②effective；③effectively。
29．that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。
30．flding
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他开车经过那座桥时，痛苦的回忆涌上心头。分析句子结构可知fld应用非谓语动词形式，且memries和fld之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填flding。
二、单词拼写
31．Because f the earthquake, the electricity (供应) was cut ff.
32．Eating t much rast fd makes it mre likely fr us t (遭受)frm heat inside ur bdies.
33．Althugh smking (影响) peple’s health, China has the largest number f peple that are smking.
34．Heavy rainfalls (淹没) the village.
35．The fire badly (破坏，损害) the twn hall.
36．After the accident, nly tw passengers (幸存).
37．I find it difficult t write a (概要) f abut 60 wrds in length.
38．The driver lst cntrl f the car by accident and (碰撞) int a tree.
39．The crazy fans (吹口哨) as their favurite player came int the field.
40．They set ut t (拯救) three yung climbers.
31．supply
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于地震，电力供应被切断了。根据汉语提示可知应用名词supply，作主语。故填supply。
32．suffer
【详解】考查动词。句意：吃太多的烤食品会使我们更容易受到体内热量的影响。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“遭受”应用suffer，为动词，与前面t构成不定式，在本句中作逻辑宾语。故填suffer。
33．affects/influences/impacts
【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然吸烟影响人们的健康，但中国是吸烟人数最多的国家。此处应填动词，根据词义“影响”可知，为affect或influence或impact，从句描述的事实情况，使用一般现在时，动名词smking作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填affects或influences或impacts。
34．flded
【详解】考查时态。句意：大雨淹没了村庄。事情已发生，谓语动词fld (淹没)时态用一般过去时。故填flded。
35．damaged
【详解】考查动词。句意：大火严重烧毁了市政厅。此处为谓语动词，表示“损坏”应为damage，事情已发生，时态用一般过去时。故填damaged。
36．survived
【详解】考查时态。句意：事故发生后，只有两名乘客幸存。事情已发生，谓语动词survive (幸存)用一般过去时。故填survived。
37．summary
【详解】考查名词。句意：我发现很难写一个大约60字左右的摘要。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词summary“概要，总结”，在句中作宾语。根据空前的a可知，空处的名词用单数。故填summary。
38．crashed
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：司机意外地失去了对汽车的控制，撞到了一棵树上。根据汉语提示可知，表示“碰撞”可用动词crash，再根据上文的lst可知，本句的时态为一般过去时，所以此处用动词的过去式形式。故填crashed。
39．whistled
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：疯狂的球迷们在他们最喜欢的球员上场时吹起了口哨。“吹口哨”作主句谓语，用动词whistle，与主语The crazy fans之间是主动关系，结合从句时间时态可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填whistled。
40．rescue/save
【详解】考查动词。句意：他们出发去救三个年轻的登山者。表示“拯救”应用动词rescue或save。set ut t d意为“出发做某事”，此处应用t d不定式。故填rescue/save。
高考能力提升
三、阅读理解
There is a strng smell that cmes ff Ratna Raju’s farm in the sutheastern Andhra Pradesh state f India. The smell cmes frm a mixture f natural materials, like cw waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grw and prtect crps in an area ften hit by extreme weather and heat.
Farmers like Raju say natural materials prtect their crps frm climate change because the sil can hld mre water. And they stress the crps’ strnger rts help plants deal with strng winds. Supprters say natural farming is successful in the state because f gvernment supprt. Nw, these methds shuld be spread acrss India’s agricultural lands. Withut gvernment supprt fr natural farming, mst Indian farmers still use farm chemicals and fertilizers. That puts them at risk when extreme weather hits. Many farmers are calling fr greater state investment t help them deal with climate change.
Last December, a strm brught heavy rainfall acrss India’s sutheastern cast. It flded twns and fields. Early studies shwed mre than 240,000 hectares f crps were destryed in Andhra Pradesh state.
Raju said the rainwater n their farms flwed int the grund in ne day. The sil can take in mre water because it is less slid than sil with farm chemicals. Sil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crps thrughut the year helped keep the sil healthy. Hwever, Raju’s neighbr, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flded fr fur days after the strm. Kanapala ften uses farm chemicals and fertilizers n his farm. And he said seeing Raju’s crps held strng while his crps failed made him want t learn abut ther farming methds.
Kanapala expected a ptential financial hemrrhage f up t $600 as a cnsequence f the strm, a sum that cnstituted a significant ecnmic burden fr a farmer in India. “Fr the next planting seasn, I plan t learn frm ther farmers t give up farm chemicals,” he said.
41．What drives the expansin f natural farming in India?
A．The limited farms.B．The climate impact n crps.
C．The increased use f chemicals.D．The reductin f fertilizers.
42．What can be inferred abut farm chemicals frm paragraph 4?
A．They help crps grw strng rts.
B．They enhance sil’s water absrptin.
C．They ensure sil remains cnsistently wet.
D．They make crps less resistant t the strm.
43．What des the underlined wrd “hemrrhage” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．Lss.B．Increase.C．Benefit.D．Aid.
44．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Chemicals: Harming Indian Farms
B．Strms: a Threat t Indian Farmers
C．Natural Farming: an Answer t Extreme Weather
D．Indian Agriculture: Facing the Effect f Climate Change
If the crust (外壳) f the earth were nt pretty slid (坚固的), it wuld be shaking abut and mving up and dwn frequently. Hwever, there are places in the rcks f the earth’s crust where it isn’t strngly held tgether — where faults exist. Alng the faults, ne rck might push against anther with great frce. The energy is changed t vibratin in the rcks, s they begin t shake and we have an earthquake!
The mst famus ne in Nrth America was the San Francisc Earthquake f 1906. Seven hundred peple died and prperty (财产) damage amunted t abut $425,000,000. The greatest destructin came frm the fires that fllwed the quake.
One f the mst famus earthquakes in Eurpe tk place in Lisbn, Prtugal, in 1755. The city was destryed and at least thirty thusand peple were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed abut seventy-five thusand peple. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds f twns and villages were damaged and thirty thusand peple were killed.
Tw great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia tk place in Tky, Japan, and in Gansu Prvince in China. The Tky quake f 1923 killed mre than ne hundred thusand peple and destryed the city and the city f Ykhama, t. The Chinese quake in 1920 cvered mre than three hundred square miles and killed abut tw hundred thusand peple.
45．The underlined wrd “vibratin” in the first paragraph prbably means “________”.
A．shakingB．frceC．energyD．lsing
46．Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder f the years when the earthquakes happened?
①the San Francisc Earthquake ②the earthquake in Lisbn, Prtugal
③the earthquake in Calabria and Sicily ④the earthquake in central Italy
⑤the earthquake in Gansu Prvince ⑥the Tky quake
A．③④⑤⑥②①B．⑤⑥②①③④C．②①③④⑤⑥D．①③④②⑤⑥
47．Accrding t the passage, the earthquake that killed the mst peple happened in ________.
A．PrtugalB．ItalyC．JapanD．China
48．We can infer frm the passage that ________.
A．the earth’s crust in Eurpe is weaker than that in ther places
B．the fires fllwing the San Francisc Earthquake caused mre damage than the earthquake did
C．there were 75,000 peple killed in the San Francisc earthquake
D．the city f Ykhama was nt greatly influenced by the Tky quake
41．B 42．D 43．A 44．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。
41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Farmers like Raju say natural materials prtect their crps frm climate change because the sil can hld mre water. And they stress the crps’ strnger rts help plants deal with strng winds. Supprters say natural farming is successful in the state because f gvernment supprt. Nw, these methds shuld be spread acrss India’s agricultural lands.(像拉朱这样的农民说，天然材料可以保护他们的作物免受气候变化的影响，因为土壤可以容纳更多的水。他们还强调，作物结实的根系有助于植物应对强风。支持者表示，由于政府的支持，自然农业在该州取得了成功。)”可知，气候对农作物的影响推动了印度自然农业的发展。故选B项。
42．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Sil with farm chemicals is dry. He added that planting different crps thrughut the year helped keep the sil healthy. Hwever, Raju’s neighbr, Srikanth Kanapala, said his farm was flded fr fur days after the strm. Kanapala ften uses farm chemicals and fertilizers n his farm.(施用农药的土壤是干燥的。他补充说，全年种植不同的作物有助于保持土壤健康。然而，Raju的邻居Srikanth Kanapala说，风暴过后，他的农场被洪水淹没了四天。Kanapala经常在他的农场使用农药和化肥。)”可知，农药会使作物对暴风雨的抵抗力降低。故选D项。
43．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“a sum that cnstituted a significant ecnmic burden fr a farmer in India(对印度的一个农民来说，这是一笔巨大的经济负担。)”说明农民的经济损失巨大，从而推知划线词句“Kanapala expected a ptential financial hemrrhage f up t $600 as a cnsequence f the strm(Kanapala预计，这场风暴可能造成高达600美元的经济hemrrhage)”其中划线词应为“损失”的意思，与A项同义。故选A项。
44．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There is a strng smell that cmes ff Ratna Raju’s farm in the sutheastern Andhra Pradesh state f India. The smell cmes frm a mixture f natural materials, like cw waste and untreated sugar. The natural materials help grw and prtect crps in an area ften hit by extreme weather and heat.(在印度东南部安得拉邦， Ratna Raju的农场散发出一股强烈的气味。这种气味来自天然物质的混合物，比如牛粪和未经处理的糖。这种天然材料有助于在一个经常遭受极端天气和高温袭击的地区种植和保护作物。)”可知，本文主要介绍了自然农业中的一种天然材料可以保护农民的作物免受气候变化的影响。C项“自然农业：应对极端天气”能概括文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选C项。
45．A 46．C 47．D 48．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地震是怎么发生的，以及国内外发生的地震。
45．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Hwever, there are places in the rcks f the earth’s crust where it isn’t strngly held tgether — where faults exist. Alng the faults, ne rck might push against anther with great frce. The energy is changed t vibratin in the rcks, s they begin t shake and we have an earthquake!(然而，地壳岩石中有一些地方没有牢固地结合在一起——那里存在断层。沿着断层，一块岩石可能会用力推压另一块岩石。能量在岩石中转化为vibratin，所以它们开始摇晃，我们发生了地震！)”可知，岩石推压另一块岩石，产生的能量会转化为震动，所以岩石开始摇晃，推测划线单词表示“震动，颤抖”，与shaking意义相近。故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段“The mst famus ne in Nrth America was the San Francisc Earthquake f 1906.(北美最著名的地震是1906年旧金山大地震)”、“One f the mst famus earthquakes in Eurpe tk place in Lisbn, Prtugal, in 1755.(1755年，葡萄牙里斯本发生了欧洲最著名的地震之一)”、“In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed abut seventy-five thusand peple. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds f twns and villages were damaged and thirty thusand peple were killed.(1908年，在卡拉布里亚和西西里岛，一场地震造成约7.5万人死亡。1915年，在意大利中部，数百个城镇和村庄遭到破坏，3万人死亡)”以及第三段“Tw great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia tk place in Tky, Japan, and in Gansu Prvince in China. The Tky quake f 1923 killed mre than ne hundred thusand peple and destryed the city and the city f Ykhama, t. The Chinese quake in 1920 cvered mre than three hundred square miles and killed abut tw hundred thusand peple.(日本东京和中国甘肃省发生了两次在亚洲造成巨大破坏的大地震。1923年的东京地震造成10多万人死亡，并摧毁了这座城市和横滨市。1920年的中国地震覆盖了300多平方英里，造成约20万人死亡)”可知，旧金山地震发生在1906年，葡萄牙里斯本地震发生在1755年，卡拉布里亚和西西里岛地震发生在1908年，意大利中部地震发生在1915年，甘肃地震发生在1920年，东京地震发生在1923年，按照地震发生年份排序为②①③④⑤⑥。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据第二段“One f the mst famus earthquakes in Eurpe tk place in Lisbn, Prtugal, in 1755. The city was destryed and at least thirty thusand peple were killed. In 1908, in Calabria and Sicily, a quake killed abut seventy-five thusand peple. In 1915, in central Italy, hundreds f twns and villages were damaged and thirty thusand peple were killed.(1755年，葡萄牙里斯本发生了欧洲最著名的地震之一。这座城市被摧毁，至少有三万人死亡。1908年，在卡拉布里亚和西西里岛，一场地震造成约7.5万人死亡。1915年，在意大利中部，数百个城镇和村庄遭到破坏，3万人死亡)”以及第三段“Tw great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia tk place in Tky, Japan, and in Gansu Prvince in China. The Tky quake f 1923 killed mre than ne hundred thusand peple and destryed the city and the city f Ykhama, t. The Chinese quake in 1920 cvered mre than three hundred square miles and killed abut tw hundred thusand peple.(日本东京和中国甘肃省发生了两次在亚洲造成巨大破坏的大地震。1923年的东京地震造成10多万人死亡，并摧毁了这座城市和横滨市。1920年的中国地震覆盖了300多平方英里，造成约20万人死亡)”可知，造成最多人死亡的地震发生在中国甘肃。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据第二段“The mst famus ne in Nrth America was the San Francisc Earthquake f 1906. Seven hundred peple died and prperty (财产) damage amunted t abut $425,000,000. The greatest destructin came frm the fires that fllwed the quake.(北美最著名的地震是1906年旧金山大地震。700人死亡，财产损失约4.25亿美元。地震后的大火造成了最大的破坏)”可知，旧金山地震后的大火造成的损失比地震造成的损失更大。故选B。
四、完形填空
Thmas became a her at 61. One night, his family had already gne t 49 . In the huse next t Thmas’ lived a mm, a little by and a little girl. The mm had been preparing dinner. Feeling 50 , she frgt abut the fd and fell asleep n a sfa. When she 51 , the huse was full f fire and smke.
52 the girl and her mm ran ut, but the by was left inside. The mm 53 kncking n Thmas’ dr. He gt up quickly and went t answer the dr. The wman 54 and asked Thmas t help her sn, wh was in the 55 . Thmas tld his wife t call 911, and quickly went t 56 .
Thmas 57 rushed int the huse t save the by. He was crawling (爬行) n his 58 and knees, trying t find the by. It was 59 with n electricity, and the wd panels were burning and making his hands blister (起水疱). At this pint, he didn’t care; his 60 was t save the by. Finally, he fund the by 61 in the hallway uncnscius (昏迷的). He picked up the by and ran ut. When they finally gt utside, Thmas perfrmed CPR n the by and made him cme back t life.
Thmas was later 62 the Gvernment Award fr his bravery. He was als awarded the Carnegie Medal fr his act f herism. Thmas’s stry is a great example f smene being 63 .
49．A．hspitalB．wrkC．churchD．bed
50．A．annyedB．disappintedC．frightenedD．tired
51．A．came verB．walked arundC．wke upD．lked dwn
52．A．LuckilyB．AccidentallyC．GraduallyD．Actually
53．A．stppedB．keptC．frgtD．enjyed
54．A．wavedB．arguedC．criedD．prmised
55．A．waterB．fireC．kitchenD．library
56．A．paintB．sleepC．helpD．play
57．A．hesitantlyB．latelyC．sadlyD．bravely
58．A．handsB．eyesC．earsD．feet
59．A．strangeB．newC．darkD．clean
60．A．fcusB．dreamC．planD．ambitin
61．A．readingB．lyingC．drinkingD．sitting
62．A．recrdedB．calmedC．awardedD．prized
63．A．nrmalB．uselessC．imprtantD．selfless
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Strange things appeared befre the Tangshan earthquake happened. Fr three days the water in the village wells 64 (rise) and fell. The well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came ut f the cracks. Sme animals including fish, 65 (muse) behaved strangely. Other strange things als happened in the city, 66 peple thught little f these events and they slept as usual.
Finally 67 terrible earthquake hit the city f Tangshan n July 28, 1976, in which mre than 240,000 peple died and many 68 (injure). Many huses fell dwn and sand filled the wells instead f water. Peple were greatly shcked. All the electricity in the city was cut ff and peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster wuld last. The whle city was cmpletely destryed and the wrld seemed t be at an end. It was ne f the mst 69 (destry) earthquakes ever, which shcked the whle natin.
Hwever, the peple f Tangshan didn’t lse hpe because 150,000 sldiers were sent 70 (help) the rescue wrkers. The sldiers tried their best t dig ut thse 71 were trapped. They als built shelters fr the 72 (survive). Fresh water was taken t the city by every means. 73 (slw), the city began t cme back t life.
49．D 50．D 51．C 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．B 56．C 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．A 61．B 62．C 63．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了61岁的Thmas不顾个人安慰，勇敢营救火灾中的小男孩的故事。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，他的家人已经上床睡觉了。A. hspital医院；B. wrk工作；C. church教堂；D. bed床。根据前文“One night”和后文“He gt up quickly and went t answer the dr.”可知，晚上他已经上床睡觉，后来被叫醒，立马起床。故选D项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她觉得很累，就忘了食物，在沙发上睡着了。A. annyed恼怒的；B. disappinted失望的；C. frightened害怕的；D. tired疲劳的。根据后文“she frgt abut the fd and fell asleep n a sfa”可知，她很累，在沙发上睡着了。故选D项。
51．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她醒来时，屋子里充满了火和烟。A. came ver过来；B. walked arund四处走动；C. wke up醒来；D. lked dwn往下看。根据前文“fell asleep n a sfa”和后文“the huse was full f fire and smke”可知，她醒来发现屋子着火了。故选C项。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，女孩和她妈妈跑了出去，但男孩被留在了里面。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Accidentally偶然地；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Actually事实上。根据后文“the girl and her mm ran ut”可知，着火了，女孩和妈妈跑出去了，这是幸运的。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那位妈妈不停地敲Thmas的门。A. stpped停止；B. kept保持，继续；C. frgt忘记；D. enjyed欣赏。根据上文“the huse was full f fire and smke”、“but the by was left inside”和后文“asked Thmas t help her sn”可知，因为房子着火但是还有孩子留在屋内，因此那位妈妈一直敲Thmas的门，向他求助。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个女人哭着请求Thmas帮助她在火里的儿子。A. waved挥动；B. argued争论；C. cried哭喊；D. prmised承诺。根据前文“but the by was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中，妈妈哭喊着请人去营救。故选C项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. water水；B. fire火；C. kitchen厨房；D. library图书馆。根据语境和前文“but the by was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中。故选B项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thmas告诉他的妻子打911，并迅速去帮忙。A. paint用染料画；B. sleep睡觉；C. help帮助；D. play玩。根据前文“asked Thmas t help her sn”和后文“Thmas ___9___ rushed int the huse t save the by.”可知，妈妈请求去帮忙，Thmas迅速去帮忙。故选C项。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Thmas勇敢地冲进房子去救那个男孩。A. hesitantly犹豫地；B. lately最近；C. sadly伤心地；D. bravely勇敢地。根据后文“rushed int the huse t save the by”可知，Thmas冲进房子去救那个男孩，表现非常勇敢。故选D项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用手和膝盖爬着，试图找到那个男孩。A. hands手；B. eyes眼；C. ears耳朵；D. feet脚。根据前文“He was crawling(爬行)”可知，他用手和膝在地上爬行。故选A项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：屋里很黑，没有电，木板在燃烧，他的手都起了水泡。A. strange奇怪的；B. new新的；C. dark黑暗的；D. clean干净的。根据后文“with n electricity”可知，没有电，屋里很黑。故选C项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，他不在乎；他的重点是救那个男孩。A. fcus焦点，重点；B. dream梦想；C. plan计划；D. ambitin雄心。根据前文“At this pint, he didn’t care”和后文“t save the by”可知，他不在乎自己的处境，重点是救人。故选A项。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他发现那个男孩躺在走廊里不省人事。A. reading读；B. lying躺；C. drinking喝；D. sitting坐着。根据后文“in the hallway uncnscius(昏迷的)”可知，男孩躺在那里不省人事。故选B项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Thmas后来因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。A. recrded记录；B. calmed使镇静；C. awarded授予；D. prized珍视。根据后文“the Gvernment Award fr his bravery”以及“He was als awarded the Carnegie Medal fr his act f herism.”可知，Thmas因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。故选C项。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Thmas的故事是无私的一个很好的例子。A. nrmal正常的；B. useless无用的；C. imprtant重要的；D. selfless自私的。根据前文“At this pint, he didn’t care; his___12___ was t save the by.”可知，Thmas不顾个人安危，勇敢救人，所以说他是无私的。故选D项。
64．rse 65．mice 66．but 67．a 68．were injured 69．destructive 70．t help 71．wh 72．survivrs 73．Slwly
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了唐山地震发生前的迹象以及地震带来的灾害情况。
64．考查时态。句意：三天来，村里井里的水升升降降。设空处与fell并列作谓语，根据后文fell可知为一般过去时。故填rse。
65．考查名词的数。句意：包括鱼、老鼠在内的一些动物表现得很奇怪。muse为可数名词，此处不止一个应用复数形式mice。故填mice。
66．考查连词。句意：城里还发生了其他奇怪的事情，但人们很少把这些事放在心上，他们像往常一样睡觉。由语境可知空处前后两个句子之间为转折关系，故用but表示转折。故填but。
67．考查冠词。句意：最后，1976年7月28日，一场可怕的地震袭击了唐山市，24万多人死亡，许多人受伤。earthquake为泛指，且terrible是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
68．考查时态语态。句意：最后，1976年7月28日，一场可怕的地震袭击了唐山市，24万多人死亡，许多人受伤。设空处作谓语，主语many (peple)与动词injure之间为被动关系，陈述过去事情用一般过去时态，谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为many，谓语用复数。故填were injured。
69．考查形容词。句意：这是有史以来最具破坏性的地震之一，震惊了整个国家。修饰名词earthquakes应用形容词destructive作定语，故填destructive。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，唐山人民并没有失去希望，因为15万士兵被派去帮助救援人员。短语be sent t d sth.表示“被派去做某事”。故填t help。
71．考查定语从句。句意：士兵们尽力把被困的人挖出来。引导定语从句，先行词thse指人，从句缺主语，应用关系代词wh引导该从句。故填wh。
72．考查名词复数。句意：他们为幸存者建造了避难所。此处应用名词survivr“幸存者”作介词fr的宾语，结合语境，表示泛指，用可数名词的复数形式。故填survivrs。
73．考查副词。句意：慢慢地，这座城市开始恢复生机。修饰后文句子应用副词slwly，首字母大写。故填Slwly。
五、书信写作
74．假定你是李华，请你给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。内容包括：
1. 描述自然灾害的现象和后果；
2. 分析自然灾害频发的原因；
3. 发出号召。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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74．One pssible versin:
As we all knw, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstrms, flds and s n, d much damage t human. Thus, cuntless huses are in ruins, numerus fields are destryed, and millins f peple suffer great ecnmical lss.
There are several reasns fr these disasters. The quick ppulatin grwth has a bad effect n nature, since it means higher demands fr supplies. What’s mre, peple lack the cnsciusness f envirnmental prtectin, making them lse the ability t deal with emergencies.
In my pinin, we are suppsed t make every effrt t keep the balance between human and nature. Only in this way can we humans survive.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生按照要求给某英文报刊“人与自然”专栏写一篇与自然灾害有关的短文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
因此：thus→ therefre
无数的：cuntless→ innumerable
很多的：numerus→ a lt f
几个：several→ a few
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：As we all knw, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstrms, flds and s n, d much damage t human.
拓展句：It is knwn t all that natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstrms, flds and s n, d much damage t human.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we all knw, natural disasters, such as the earthquakes, sandstrms, flds and s n, d much damage t human. （运用了As引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】What’s mre, peple lack the cnsciusness f envirnmental prtectin, making them lse the ability t deal with emergencies.（运用了现在分词making作状语）