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安徽省阜阳市临泉县第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份安徽省阜阳市临泉县第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含安徽省阜阳市临泉县第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题Word版含解析docx、安徽省阜阳市临泉县第一中学2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试英语试题Word版无答案docx、1mp3、10mp3、2mp3、3mp3、4mp3、5mp3、6mp3、7mp3、8mp3、9mp3等12份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
1.满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径 0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man ging t d?
A. Practice tennis.B. Attend a vilin lessn.C. Take a dance class.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Jane. Hw’s the dance class ging?
W: Great. I’m just n the way t tennis practice. And yu?
M: I’m ging t my vilin lessn.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is Gill?
A. In the garden.B. In the library.C. In the flwer shp.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Where’s Gill? I am lking fr her everywhere.
W: Yu’ll find her in the garden.
M: Oh? What’s she ding? Picking flwers r reading bks?
W: She’s taken my camera, s I think she wants t take sme phts.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At hme.B. In a supermarket.C. In a htel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What can I d fr yu, sir?
M: Hi! I’m staying in Rm 326 and I’d like t rder an extra cffee withut milk.
W: OK! Yur cffee will arrive in a minute, sir.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman think causes the man’s prblem?
A. His lw chair.B. His brken desk.C. His ld keybard.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: My neck is killing me, and my arm hurts.
W: Yu knw why? Yur chair is t lw, and that makes yur muse seem t high n yur desk.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why was the man unable t visit the wman?
A. He gt a wrng address.
B. He failed t stp in Maine.
C. He didn’t knw her address.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I heard yu were up in Maine this summer. Why didn’t yu stp by?
M: If I had knwn yur address, I wuld have visited yu.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What is the wman lking fr?
A. The bus stp.B. The Bakery Shp.C. The City Bank.
7 When will the next bus leave?
A. At abut 7:30.B. At abut 8:30.C. At abut 9:30.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
原文】W: Excuse me?
M: Yes, madam. What can I d fr yu?
W: Can yu tell me where the City Bank is?
M: It’s upstairs, acrss frm the Bakery Shp.
W: Thanks. D yu knw what time it pens?
M: It shuld be pen nw because it’s already 9:00．It usually pens at 8:00 in the mrning.
W: That’s gd. And can yu tell me hw ften the buses leave fr the city center?
M: Every thirty minutes, and yu’ve just missed ne.
W: Oh, dear. Then I’ll have t wait fr anther thirty minutes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. When did the wman plan t take her vacatin?
A. This mnth.B. Next mnth.C. Tw mnths later.
9. What des the man expect the wman t d?
A. Travel with him.B. Pstpne her trip.C. Cmfrt her husband.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: When are yu ging t take yur vacatin?
W: I was planning t take it at the end f this mnth. We are planning t travel t Australia this time. Why? Has smething cme up?
M: Well, wuld it be t incnvenient fr yu t wait until next mnth?
W: Hmm... nt really. I guess I can put it ff until next mnth, but I’ve gt t talk abut it with my husband.
M: Thank yu very much. I really appreciate yur changing yur plans.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Mther and sn.B. Teacher and student.C. Rmmates.
11. What des Bill say abut the apartment?
A. It was small.B. It was expensive.C. It was messy.
12. What des the wman suggest Bill d?
A. Find mre infrmatin nline.
B. Turn t his classmates fr help.
C. Buy sme furniture by himself.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Bill. Hw’s it ging tday?
M: Hi, Mum. It is really tiring walking arund and seeing places.
W: Yes, I knw.
M: I saw a grund-flr apartment with fur bedrms tday.
W: Fur bedrms? It sunds huge.
M: Yeah, it was. But it was quite cheap. And it was a nice place. A big living rm with big windws. And the furniture was mdern.
W: Sunds great. Did yu take it?
M: Well, n. The place was shared. Three bys are lking fr a furth rmmate. They seemed nice enugh, but the place was a mess. It’s a shame because the place is nt bad, quite clse t schl.
W: Dn’t wrry. Try t see mre places tmrrw. Hpefully, ne f them will be alright. Or ask yur classmates fr mre infrmatin.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the man?
A. A writer.B. An actr.C. A shp assistant.
14. Hw are the jbs rganized by the man?
A. By cuntry.B. By industry.C. By salary.
15. In which aspect d fd stylists help?
A. Transprtatin.B. Prductin.C. Advertising.
16. Which industry is Brad Fields in?
A. The fd industry.B. The cleaning industry.C. The film industry.
【答案】13. A 14. B 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Daniel Ash, yur new bk is a cllectin f articles abut peple with strange jbs.
M: Yes, I cllected stries abut unusual jbs frm all ver the wrld.
W: S yu’re nt talking abut actrs r shpping assistants.
M: N, all the peple in the bk have very strange jbs.
W: I see. It’s rganized int different industries. What abut in the fd industry?
M: Well, when a cmpany wants t advertise fd, they smetimes need a fd stylist. Their jb is t make fd lk gd in advertisements.
W: I’ve never heard f that jb befre.
M: Well, there are nly abut 20 fd stylists in Britain. Fr example, when we lk at a picture f strawberries and cream, we’re really lking at strawberries and white paint.
W: Really?
M: Yes, and they paint sausages with washing-up liquid, then cffee, t make them lk natural.
W: Then the cleaning industry. Isn’t cleaning a nrmal jb?
M: Nrmally, yes. But did yu knw there is a man in America called Bra d Fields and...
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the nly requirement n the phts fr this year’s cmpetitin?
A. The clr.B. The tpic.C. The size.
18. What is the first prize?
A. A camera.B. A phtgraphy bk.C. Free phtgraphy lessns.
19. What is the speaker ding nw?
A. Hsting a prgram.B. Reading a newspaper.C. Having an interview.
20. Hw lng will the exhibitin last?
A. Tw days.B. Five days.C. Eight days.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Once again we’re hlding ur ppular phtgraphy cmpetitin fr children. It’s pen t all children between 8 and 12 wh have an interest in phtgraphy. We’re nt lking fr special technical skills—just the imaginatin t take a gd picture. Last year, the tpic fr ur cmpetitin was wildlife and we received many excellent phts. This year, we’d like yur phts t be n the subject f the sea. This is the nly requirement. It desn’t matter whether yur pht is in clr r black and white. The size f the phts was limited t 17cm lng and 12cm wide last year, but there’s n limit n that this year. A team f prfessinal phtgraphers will judge the phts and they’ll chse the fur that they think shw the mst prmise. The winner will receive a camera, while the secnd prize will be free phtgraphy lessns. Thse in third and furth place will receive a phtgraphy bk. If yu’re interested, we’d like yu t pst yur phts t us here at Star Radi, 24 Wdstck Square, Lndn. Yur phts need t reach us by the 10th f August s yu have a few weeks befre the clsing date. The results f the cmpetitin will be annunced n this prgram n the 15th. There will be a chance t see all the phtgraphs int the cmpetitin at an exhibitin at the museum. This will start n the 20th f August and stay pen until 27th.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
22. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
23. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
【点睛】
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
24. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
25. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
26. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
27. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
【点睛】
C
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B. T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C. T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D. T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
29. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
30. What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A. Create rules.B. Cmprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.D. Identify difficult wrds.
31. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B. The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(尽管Prject Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errrs意思相近，故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammnd所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammnd的说法，Prject Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
【点睛】
D
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.(30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知，Damian Blasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因，可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的，他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样，这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音，也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Mran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
【点睛】
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all knw the glden rule: treat thers the way yu want t be treated. This is an ld prverb we learn frm an early age.___36___
Have yu ever nticed that when yu d smething nice fr smene else, it makes yu feel better t? This isn’t just smething that happens randmly (随机地). ___37___ Ding nice things fr thers increases yur sertnin (血清素), which is respnsible fr feelings f satisfactin and well-being.
___38___ While there are several ways t reduce anxiety, it turns ut that being nice t thers can be ne f the easiest, mst inexpensive ways t keep anxiety at bay. University f British Clumbia researchers fund that participants wh engaged in kind acts displayed significant increases in psitive afct (积极情感) that lasted ver the fur weeks f their study. S, the next time yu’re feeling anxius, lk fr pprtunities t help thers.
Making thers feel gd can “warm” yur heart, sure — but being nice t thers can als affect the actual chemical balance f yur heart. Kindness releases the hrmne xytcin which reduces bld pressure and therefre prtects the heart.___39___ Maybe that’s why they say nice, caring peple have really big hearts.
Kindness can help yu live lnger. Yu may be shaking yur head at this ne, but there’s science t back it up. Accrding t Health.cm, yu’re at a greater risk f heart disease if yu dn’t have a strng netwrk f family and friends. When yu’re kind t thers, yu develp strng, meaningful relatinships and friendships.___40___
A. Anxiety is an extremely cmmn human experience.
B. This behavir can help yu handle stressful situatins.
C. Kindness strengthens yur heart physically and emtinally.
D. It has smething t d with the pleasure centers in yur brain.
E. Besides imprving persnal relatinships, kindness can make yu healthier.
F. S, make sme new friends, r expand yur kindness t the nes yu already have.
G. Hwever, there are a number f real-life benefits cnnected with the way we treat thers.
【答案】36. G 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了对别人善良带给自己的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“We all knw the glden rule: treat thers the way yu want t be treated. This is an ld prverb we learn frm an early age.(我们都知道一条黄金法则：己所不欲，勿施于人。这是我们从小学到的一句古老谚语)”提到一句古老的谚语：己所不欲，勿施于人，下文讲述了对别人好带给自己的好处，G项“然而，在现实生活中，我们对待他人的方式会给我们带来很多好处”符合语境，和上文形成转折关系，引出下文内容，故选G。
【37题详解】
上文“Have yu ever nticed that when yu d smething nice fr smene else, it makes yu feel better t? This isn’t just smething that happens randmly(随机地).(你有没有注意到，当你为别人做一些好事时，你也会感觉更好？这不是随机发生的事情)”提到，为别人做好事自己也会感觉更好，这不是随机发生的事情，空处应是对此进行科学解释，D项“这与你大脑中的快乐中枢有关”符合语境，下文“Ding nice things fr thers increases yur sertnin (血清素), which is respnsible. fr feelings f satisfactin and well-being.(为别人做好事会增加你的血清素，这是满足感和幸福感的来源)”是对D项进一步解释，故选D。
【38题详解】
根据下文“While there are several ways t reduce anxiety, it turns ut that being nice t thers can be ne f the easiest, mst inexpensive ways t keep anxiety at bay.(虽然有几种方法可以减少焦虑，但事实证明，善待他人是最简单、最便宜的控制焦虑的方法之一)”可知，本段和焦虑有关，A项“焦虑是一种极其普遍的人类体验”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Kindness releases the hrmne xytcin which reduces bld pressure and therefre prtects the heart.(善良会释放催产素，从而降低血压，保护心脏)”以及下文“Maybe that’s why they say nice, caring peple have really big hearts.(也许这就是为什么人们说善良、有爱心的人都心胸宽广)”可知，空处和上文并列，说明善良的好处，C项“善良在身体和情感上都能增强你的心灵”符合语境，故选C。
【40题详解】
根据上文“When yu’re kind t thers, yu develp strng, meaningful relatinships and friendships.(当你善待他人时，你会建立起牢固而有意义的关系和友谊)”可知，对别人善良可以建立起有意义的关系和友谊，空处位于段末，是总结上文，F项“所以，交一些新朋友，或者把你的善意扩展到你已经拥有的人身上”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Officer Jshua Scagline f the Westland, Michigan Plice Department was n duty when he sptted Dell’s Impala driving with tinted (染色) windws.___41___ his siren (警笛) and flicking n the lights, he pulled the car ver t ask abut the___42___ windws. It was then that Officer Scagline ___43___ 3-year-ld Lauren in the back f the vehicle — and withut a baby car seat.
The plice fficer asked Dell why his 3-year-ld daughter was nt ___44___ in a car seat. The man answered as he fught back ___45___, explaining that it was due t sme hard times. Dell tld Seagline hw financially (经济上) he had been___46___ t keep his husehld abve water, and that things like car seats were given a lw___47___ belw necessities like gas and fd. The fficer listened, as he tk pity n the man wh seemed t just want t ___48___ his family. He then asked Dell t fllw him t the lcal Walmart, where the plice fficer ___49___ and paid fr a seat t give t Dell and his daughter.
___50___, Dell psted his experience n Facebk in rder t ___51___ the fficer and his pst went viral in the area.
“I’ve been in a___52___ situatin like this guy befre,” Scagline said. “I___53___ it’d be better t help him ut and just raise mre ___54___abut car safety rather than give him a ___55___ that wuld dig him deeper in a hle and make things wrse fr him.”
41. A. Putting dwnB. Checking utC. Setting upD. Turing n
42. A. clsedB. brkenC. illegalD. wrng
43. A. metB. sawC. recgnizedD. caught
44. A. ridingB. drivingC. playingD. sleeping
45. A. tearsB. angerC. surpriseD. wrries 山: an
46. A. preparingB. managingC. strugglingD. expecting
47. A. ratingB. markC. priceD. pririty
48. A. impactB. supprtC. cmfrtD. save
49. A. stared atB. picked utC. lifted upD. sat n
50. A. SatisfiedB. AstnishedC. TuchedD. Excited
51. A. encurageB. payC. cntactD. thank
52. A. bringB. dangerusC. tughD. special
53. A. figuredB. rememberedC. discveredD. admitted
54. A. questinsB. awarenessC. dubtsD. mney
55. A. fineB. lessnC. beatingD. shck
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了密歇根州Westland市警察局的警官Jshua Scagline帮助一位经济拮据的父亲购买儿童座椅的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他打开警笛，打开车灯，把车停在路边，询问非法窗户的情况。A. Putting dwn扑灭；B. Checking ut结账离开；C. Setting up建立；D. Turing n打开。根据“flicking n the lights”及语境可知，Jshua Scagline在执勤时发现异常情况，故应是打开警笛，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. clsed关闭的；B. brken破碎的；C. illegal非法的；D. wrng错误的。根据上文“Dell’s Impala driving with tinted (染色) windws”可知，Dell的车窗染了色，是非法的。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，Scagline警官看到3岁的Lauren坐在车后座上，而且没有婴儿安全座椅。A. met遇见；B. saw看见；C. recgnized认识，辨别出；D. caught抓捕。根据“3-year-ld Lauren in the back f the vehicle — and withut a baby car seat”可知，此处是警官看到的情景，故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位警察问Dell为什么他3岁的女儿没有坐在汽车座椅上。A. riding骑，搭乘；B. driving驾驶；C. playing玩；D. sleeping睡觉。结合空后的“in a car seat”可知，此处指“坐在汽车座椅上”，用动词ride，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人强忍着眼泪回答说，这是由于一些艰难的时期。A. tears眼泪；B. anger生气；C. surprise惊讶；D. wrries担心。根据“explaining that it was due t sme hard times”可知，由于经历着艰难时期，他应是强忍泪水。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dell告诉Seagline，他在经济上是如何挣扎着让他的家庭摆脱困境，而汽车座椅等东西的优先级低于汽油和食物等必需品。A. preparing准备；B. managing管理，设法完成；C. struggling努力，艰难地行进；D. expecting期待。结合上文“it was due t sme hard times”可知，Dell在经济方面很艰难，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rating等级；B. mark记号；C. price价格；D. pririty优先级，重点。结合语境及空后“belw necessities like gas and fd”可知，Dell在经济方面很拮据，此处指汽车座椅等物品的优先级低于汽油和食品等必需品，故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：警官听着，同情这个似乎只想养家糊口的人。A. impact影响；B. supprt支持，养活；C. cmfrt安慰；D. save挽救，节省。根据上文“Dell tld Seagline hw financially (经济上) he had been ___6___ t keep his husehld abve water”可知，Dell努力养家糊口，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他让Dell跟着他去当地的沃尔玛，这位警察在那里为Dell和他的女儿挑选了一个座位，并付了钱。A. stared at凝视，盯着看；B. picked ut挑选；C. lifted up抬起，举起；D. sat n拖延。根据“paid fr a seat t give t Dell and his daughter”可知，此处指挑选一个座椅并付了钱，故选B。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dell深受感动，为了感谢这位警官，他把自己的经历发到了脸书上，他的帖子在当地疯传。A. Satisfied满意的； B. Astnished惊讶的；C. Tuched感动的；D. Excited兴奋的，激动的。结合上文内容可知，Scagline为Dell的女儿买汽车座椅，Dell应是深受感动，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. encurage鼓励；B. pay支付；C. cntact联系；D. thank感谢。根据语境及“Dell psted his experience n Facebk”可知，Scagline帮助了Dell，Dell把自己的经历发到了脸书上应是为了感谢Scagline，故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我以前遇到过像这个人一样的困难情况，” Scagline 说。A. bring令人厌烦的；B. dangerus危险的；C. tugh艰难的；D. special特殊的。根据“like this guy befre”可知，Scagline以前也像Dell一样困难，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想最好是帮助他，提高他对汽车安全的认识，而不是给他罚款，这会让他越陷越深，让事情变得更糟。A. figured认为，认定；B. remembered想起，记得；C. discvered发现；D. admitted承认。结合“it’d be better t help him ut…”可知，此处指Scagline认为最好是帮助他，而不是罚款，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. questins问题；B. awareness意识；C. dubts怀疑；D. mney钱。根据“abut car safety”和语境可知，给Dell买安全座椅是为了提高他的安全意识，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fine罚款；B. lessn功课，教训；C. beating惨败；D. shck震惊。根据语境及空后“that wuld dig him deeper in a hle and make things wrse fr him”可知，Dell有一些违反交通规则之处，让事情变得更糟糕的是对他罚款，故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
N structure is as symblically significant r ____56____ (cultural) imprtant t China as the Great Wall. Architectural ____57____ (engineer)are part f a huge prject t repair this centuries-ld structure.
Jianku ____58____ (believe) t be ne f the mst rugged stretches f the relic. Sme f the mst dangerus wrk includes labrers hanging frm twering heights. With rpes tied arund ____59____ (they) waists, repair wrkers spread cement n the wall’s steep sides, while thers hld the rpes fr supprt. ____60____ (survive) a fall frm the steep sides wuld be unlikely. A labrer explains ____61____ he risks his life t make repairs t the ancient structure, saying that it is an hnr t be part f such a great cause, and it is very ____62____ (meaning) t d s.
Getting supplies t this part f the wall is als a demanding effrt. Because the path is s steep, dnkeys and mules must be used t transprt bricks, ____63____ can weigh as much as 150 kg each. The repair team ges t great lengths ____64____ (keep) the principle f minimal interventin. “We have t stick _____65_____ the riginal frmat, the riginal material and the riginal craftsmanship, s that we can better preserve the histrical and cultural values, ” said Cheng Yngma, the engineer leading Jianku’s restratin wrk.
【答案】56. culturally
57. engineers
58. is believed
59. their 60. Surviving
61. why 62. meaningful
63. which 64. t keep
65. t
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。本文主要介绍了长城最崎岖的部分之一——箭扣。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词，所以要用副词。故填culturally。
【57题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：建筑工程师是修复这座有数百年历史的建筑的庞大项目的一部分。根据空后的are可知，此处的名词要用复数形式。故填engineers。
【58题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：箭扣被认为是最崎岖的遗迹之一。分析句子可知，believe与主语是动宾关系，所以要用 被动语态；根据句意和下文动词的时态可知，本句要用一般现在时。所以此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。
【59题详解】
考查代词。句意：维修工人把绳子系在腰上，在墙壁陡峭的一侧铺上水泥，其他人则拿着绳子支撑。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从陡峭的山坡上摔下来是不可能存活下来的。分析句子可知，此处作主语，所以要用动名词。故填Surviving。
【61题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：一名工人解释了他为什么冒着生命危险来修复这座古老的建筑，他说能成为这样一项伟大事业的一部分是一种荣誉，这样做非常有意义。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句；句子用来说明原因，所以此处要填 why。故填why。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空前的very可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故填meaningful。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因为这条路太陡了，必须用驴子和骡子来运送砖块，每块砖块重达150公斤。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以此处要填which。故填which。
【64题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：维修团队竭尽全力保持最小干预的原则。 g t great lengths t d sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事”。 故填t keep。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我们必须坚持原始的形式、原始的材料和原始的工艺，这样我们才能更好地保存历史和文化价值，”负责箭扣修复工作的工程师程永茂说。stick t sth 意为“坚持某事”。故填t。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假设你是李华，学校英文报组织同学们分享自己在假期中一段有趣经历，请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Pssible versin:
Last Sunday, we visited the nursing hme in ur city, which is the mst meaningful activity we have in this summer hliday.
That day, as planned, we gt up early than usual. By riding bikes we all arrived at the gate f the lcal nursing hme. There were many elders there, sme f whm lked a little lnely, maybe missing their hmes. With ur arrival, laughter culd be heard everywhere. We accmpanied thse elders, listening t their stries talking abut their families. Smiles spread n their faces. We learned a lt f useful life experience and lessns. We als learned life is precius and we shuld treasure the present time.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生分享自己在假期中的一段有趣经历，并以此为主题投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有意义的：meaningful→significant
计划：plan→schedule
也许：maybe→perhaps
珍惜：treasure→value
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With ur arrival, laughter culd be heard everywhere.
拓展句：As sn as we arrived, laughter culd be heard everywhere.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Sunday, we visited the nursing hme in ur city, which is the mst meaningful activity we have in this summer hliday.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句和省略关系词的定语从句）
【高分句型2】There were many elders there, sme f whm lked a little lnely, maybe missing their hmes.（运用了介词+whm引导非限制性定语从句和现在分词作状语）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I used t be very shy and ften felt lnely. Althugh I did well in all the academic subjects, I was afraid f physical educatin. My classmates ften laughed at me.
“Lk at that girl,” they said. “Her feet dn’t leave the grund when she runs!”
Their wrds embarrassed me. Mrever, whenever the teacher rganized sme cmpetitive games, n ne in the class liked t have me as their partner r team member. As a result, I ften ended up lking at thers enjy their games.
Things wuld g n like that if nt fr a sprts meet in my high schl. By mistake, my name was put n the list f thse wh wuld cmpete in the wmen’s 1500 meters race. By the time peple fund the mistake, it was t late t change.
I was utterly dumbfunded (目瞪口呆的). 1500 meters! Running against the best runners frm ther classes! And in frnt f students f the entire schl! It wuld be the wrst nightmare I’d ever have!
“Yu still have time t catch up because there is still ne mnth befre the sprts meet,” my classmates all said this t me, including my teacher.
My desk-mate patted me n the shulder, “Cl! Yu will run fr ur class! And we will d training tgether.” Yes, this is nt just fr myself, but fr my class t, I said t myself. But still, 1500 meters t me was like Munt Everest t a beginning climber. I had n idea even hw t start my preparatin.
Frtunately, my desk-mate gave me a hand. Every afternn after class, several f us ran tgether. They gave me strengths. While we were running, sme thers wuld stand by the tracks cheering fr us.
One mnth certainly culdn’t make me a gd runner. But when I was standing behind the start line, I n lnger felt lnely r afraid. I saw my classmates standing by the tracks waving at me as if abut t run beside me.
The day finally came!
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With the sht f the starting gun, I dashed ut and ran as fast as I culd.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As expected, I was almst the last t crss the finish line.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 With the sht f the starting gun, I dashed ut and ran as fast as I culd. Sn I was ut f breath and slwed dwn. Other runners passed me ne by ne, and gradually I had n idea hw many f them were still behind me. My legs were getting heavier and heavier, and I might fall dwn at any mment. Hwever, I suddenly heard my classmates chanting my name. My desk-mate even ran alng the tracks beside me and cheered fr me at the same time, just like the mnth-lng training we did tgether.
As expected, I was almst the last t crss the finish line. Immediately, my classmates held my arms and urged me t walk n my feet and nt t sit dwn. I was surrunded, with all kinds f drinks handed t me. I felt a kind f warmth I had never felt befre. Even thugh I was almst the last t finish the race, I was full f cnfidence that I wuld imprve in the future. That sprts meet was an unfrgettable experience. Sprts are n lnger abut winning r lsing. They give me a lt f cnfidence, bth cnfidence in my fellw students and cnfidence in my wn ptential. I am n lnger lnely, n lnger afraid.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述脚上有残疾的作者因为同学们的嘲笑而从来不敢参加任何体育活动。但是有一天，因为组织的错误，有人把她的名字写在了1500米赛跑的比赛名单上。接下来，作者在同学们的鼓励和陪伴下，做了为期一个月的训练。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“随着发令枪响。我冲出去，尽可能快地跑。”可知，第一段可描写作者比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“不出所料，我几乎是最后一个冲过终点线的。”可知，第二段可描写比赛结束之后同学们对作者的态度。
2.续写线索：开始跑——速度慢——被超过——被鼓励——被包围——感受到温暖——感动——有信心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①气喘吁吁：be ut f breath/pant fr breath
②摔倒：fall dwn/tumble
③抓住：hld/grasp
情绪类
①充满自信的：full f cnfidence/very cnfident
②害怕的：afraid/scared
【点睛】【高分句型1】Other runners passed me ne by ne, and gradually I had n idea hw many f them were still behind me.（由hw many引导的同位语从句）
【高分句型2】I felt a kind f warmth I had never felt befre.（由省略关系代词that引导的定语从句）
1.满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径 0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分 30 分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the man ging t d?
A. Practice tennis.B. Attend a vilin lessn.C. Take a dance class.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Jane. Hw’s the dance class ging?
W: Great. I’m just n the way t tennis practice. And yu?
M: I’m ging t my vilin lessn.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is Gill?
A. In the garden.B. In the library.C. In the flwer shp.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Where’s Gill? I am lking fr her everywhere.
W: Yu’ll find her in the garden.
M: Oh? What’s she ding? Picking flwers r reading bks?
W: She’s taken my camera, s I think she wants t take sme phts.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where des the cnversatin prbably take place?
A. At hme.B. In a supermarket.C. In a htel.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What can I d fr yu, sir?
M: Hi! I’m staying in Rm 326 and I’d like t rder an extra cffee withut milk.
W: OK! Yur cffee will arrive in a minute, sir.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman think causes the man’s prblem?
A. His lw chair.B. His brken desk.C. His ld keybard.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: My neck is killing me, and my arm hurts.
W: Yu knw why? Yur chair is t lw, and that makes yur muse seem t high n yur desk.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why was the man unable t visit the wman?
A. He gt a wrng address.
B. He failed t stp in Maine.
C. He didn’t knw her address.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I heard yu were up in Maine this summer. Why didn’t yu stp by?
M: If I had knwn yur address, I wuld have visited yu.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What is the wman lking fr?
A. The bus stp.B. The Bakery Shp.C. The City Bank.
7 When will the next bus leave?
A. At abut 7:30.B. At abut 8:30.C. At abut 9:30.
【答案】6. C 7. C
【解析】
原文】W: Excuse me?
M: Yes, madam. What can I d fr yu?
W: Can yu tell me where the City Bank is?
M: It’s upstairs, acrss frm the Bakery Shp.
W: Thanks. D yu knw what time it pens?
M: It shuld be pen nw because it’s already 9:00．It usually pens at 8:00 in the mrning.
W: That’s gd. And can yu tell me hw ften the buses leave fr the city center?
M: Every thirty minutes, and yu’ve just missed ne.
W: Oh, dear. Then I’ll have t wait fr anther thirty minutes.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. When did the wman plan t take her vacatin?
A. This mnth.B. Next mnth.C. Tw mnths later.
9. What des the man expect the wman t d?
A. Travel with him.B. Pstpne her trip.C. Cmfrt her husband.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】M: When are yu ging t take yur vacatin?
W: I was planning t take it at the end f this mnth. We are planning t travel t Australia this time. Why? Has smething cme up?
M: Well, wuld it be t incnvenient fr yu t wait until next mnth?
W: Hmm... nt really. I guess I can put it ff until next mnth, but I’ve gt t talk abut it with my husband.
M: Thank yu very much. I really appreciate yur changing yur plans.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Mther and sn.B. Teacher and student.C. Rmmates.
11. What des Bill say abut the apartment?
A. It was small.B. It was expensive.C. It was messy.
12. What des the wman suggest Bill d?
A. Find mre infrmatin nline.
B. Turn t his classmates fr help.
C. Buy sme furniture by himself.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Bill. Hw’s it ging tday?
M: Hi, Mum. It is really tiring walking arund and seeing places.
W: Yes, I knw.
M: I saw a grund-flr apartment with fur bedrms tday.
W: Fur bedrms? It sunds huge.
M: Yeah, it was. But it was quite cheap. And it was a nice place. A big living rm with big windws. And the furniture was mdern.
W: Sunds great. Did yu take it?
M: Well, n. The place was shared. Three bys are lking fr a furth rmmate. They seemed nice enugh, but the place was a mess. It’s a shame because the place is nt bad, quite clse t schl.
W: Dn’t wrry. Try t see mre places tmrrw. Hpefully, ne f them will be alright. Or ask yur classmates fr mre infrmatin.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. What is the man?
A. A writer.B. An actr.C. A shp assistant.
14. Hw are the jbs rganized by the man?
A. By cuntry.B. By industry.C. By salary.
15. In which aspect d fd stylists help?
A. Transprtatin.B. Prductin.C. Advertising.
16. Which industry is Brad Fields in?
A. The fd industry.B. The cleaning industry.C. The film industry.
【答案】13. A 14. B 15. C 16. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Daniel Ash, yur new bk is a cllectin f articles abut peple with strange jbs.
M: Yes, I cllected stries abut unusual jbs frm all ver the wrld.
W: S yu’re nt talking abut actrs r shpping assistants.
M: N, all the peple in the bk have very strange jbs.
W: I see. It’s rganized int different industries. What abut in the fd industry?
M: Well, when a cmpany wants t advertise fd, they smetimes need a fd stylist. Their jb is t make fd lk gd in advertisements.
W: I’ve never heard f that jb befre.
M: Well, there are nly abut 20 fd stylists in Britain. Fr example, when we lk at a picture f strawberries and cream, we’re really lking at strawberries and white paint.
W: Really?
M: Yes, and they paint sausages with washing-up liquid, then cffee, t make them lk natural.
W: Then the cleaning industry. Isn’t cleaning a nrmal jb?
M: Nrmally, yes. But did yu knw there is a man in America called Bra d Fields and...
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the nly requirement n the phts fr this year’s cmpetitin?
A. The clr.B. The tpic.C. The size.
18. What is the first prize?
A. A camera.B. A phtgraphy bk.C. Free phtgraphy lessns.
19. What is the speaker ding nw?
A. Hsting a prgram.B. Reading a newspaper.C. Having an interview.
20. Hw lng will the exhibitin last?
A. Tw days.B. Five days.C. Eight days.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Once again we’re hlding ur ppular phtgraphy cmpetitin fr children. It’s pen t all children between 8 and 12 wh have an interest in phtgraphy. We’re nt lking fr special technical skills—just the imaginatin t take a gd picture. Last year, the tpic fr ur cmpetitin was wildlife and we received many excellent phts. This year, we’d like yur phts t be n the subject f the sea. This is the nly requirement. It desn’t matter whether yur pht is in clr r black and white. The size f the phts was limited t 17cm lng and 12cm wide last year, but there’s n limit n that this year. A team f prfessinal phtgraphers will judge the phts and they’ll chse the fur that they think shw the mst prmise. The winner will receive a camera, while the secnd prize will be free phtgraphy lessns. Thse in third and furth place will receive a phtgraphy bk. If yu’re interested, we’d like yu t pst yur phts t us here at Star Radi, 24 Wdstck Square, Lndn. Yur phts need t reach us by the 10th f August s yu have a few weeks befre the clsing date. The results f the cmpetitin will be annunced n this prgram n the 15th. There will be a chance t see all the phtgraphs int the cmpetitin at an exhibitin at the museum. This will start n the 20th f August and stay pen until 27th.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
22. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
23. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
【点睛】
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
24. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
25. Why did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?
A. T feed the animals.B. T build an ecsystem.
C. T prtect the plants.D. T test the ec-machine.
26. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?
A. T review Jhn’s research plans.B. T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s idea.
C. T cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D. T erase dubts abut Jhn’s inventin.
27. What is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?
A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water t survive.
C. Life n Earth is diverse.D. Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jhn Tdd从小就很爱思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making. (当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge. (几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. (他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China. (这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair. (你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
【点睛】
C
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
28. Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A. T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B. T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C. T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D. T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
29. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
30. What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A. Create rules.B. Cmprehend meaning.
C. Talk fluently.D. Identify difficult wrds.
31. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B. The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D. Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(尽管Prject Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errrs意思相近，故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammnd所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammnd的说法，Prject Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
【点睛】
D
Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn “m” and “a” t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.
Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.
They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure (结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.
The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.
Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. “The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.
32. Which aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?
A. Its variety.B. Its distributin.C. Its quantity.D. Its develpment.
33. Why was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.
B. They culd nt pen and clse their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were nt cnveniently structured.
D. Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large enugh.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. Supprting evidence fr the research results.
B. Ptential applicatin f the research findings.
C. A further explanatin f the research methds.
D. A reasnable dubt abut the research prcess.
35. What des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?
A. It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B. It cntributes much t cultural diversity.
C. It is a cmplex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as “f” and “v”, were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.(30多年前，学者Charles Hckett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知，Damian Blasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因，可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure , making it easier t prduce such sunds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的，他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样，这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音，也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the s Nelithic age, with the use f “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
35题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin,” said Steven Mran, a member f the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Mran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知Steven Mran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
【点睛】
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all knw the glden rule: treat thers the way yu want t be treated. This is an ld prverb we learn frm an early age.___36___
Have yu ever nticed that when yu d smething nice fr smene else, it makes yu feel better t? This isn’t just smething that happens randmly (随机地). ___37___ Ding nice things fr thers increases yur sertnin (血清素), which is respnsible fr feelings f satisfactin and well-being.
___38___ While there are several ways t reduce anxiety, it turns ut that being nice t thers can be ne f the easiest, mst inexpensive ways t keep anxiety at bay. University f British Clumbia researchers fund that participants wh engaged in kind acts displayed significant increases in psitive afct (积极情感) that lasted ver the fur weeks f their study. S, the next time yu’re feeling anxius, lk fr pprtunities t help thers.
Making thers feel gd can “warm” yur heart, sure — but being nice t thers can als affect the actual chemical balance f yur heart. Kindness releases the hrmne xytcin which reduces bld pressure and therefre prtects the heart.___39___ Maybe that’s why they say nice, caring peple have really big hearts.
Kindness can help yu live lnger. Yu may be shaking yur head at this ne, but there’s science t back it up. Accrding t Health.cm, yu’re at a greater risk f heart disease if yu dn’t have a strng netwrk f family and friends. When yu’re kind t thers, yu develp strng, meaningful relatinships and friendships.___40___
A. Anxiety is an extremely cmmn human experience.
B. This behavir can help yu handle stressful situatins.
C. Kindness strengthens yur heart physically and emtinally.
D. It has smething t d with the pleasure centers in yur brain.
E. Besides imprving persnal relatinships, kindness can make yu healthier.
F. S, make sme new friends, r expand yur kindness t the nes yu already have.
G. Hwever, there are a number f real-life benefits cnnected with the way we treat thers.
【答案】36. G 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了对别人善良带给自己的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“We all knw the glden rule: treat thers the way yu want t be treated. This is an ld prverb we learn frm an early age.(我们都知道一条黄金法则：己所不欲，勿施于人。这是我们从小学到的一句古老谚语)”提到一句古老的谚语：己所不欲，勿施于人，下文讲述了对别人好带给自己的好处，G项“然而，在现实生活中，我们对待他人的方式会给我们带来很多好处”符合语境，和上文形成转折关系，引出下文内容，故选G。
【37题详解】
上文“Have yu ever nticed that when yu d smething nice fr smene else, it makes yu feel better t? This isn’t just smething that happens randmly(随机地).(你有没有注意到，当你为别人做一些好事时，你也会感觉更好？这不是随机发生的事情)”提到，为别人做好事自己也会感觉更好，这不是随机发生的事情，空处应是对此进行科学解释，D项“这与你大脑中的快乐中枢有关”符合语境，下文“Ding nice things fr thers increases yur sertnin (血清素), which is respnsible. fr feelings f satisfactin and well-being.(为别人做好事会增加你的血清素，这是满足感和幸福感的来源)”是对D项进一步解释，故选D。
【38题详解】
根据下文“While there are several ways t reduce anxiety, it turns ut that being nice t thers can be ne f the easiest, mst inexpensive ways t keep anxiety at bay.(虽然有几种方法可以减少焦虑，但事实证明，善待他人是最简单、最便宜的控制焦虑的方法之一)”可知，本段和焦虑有关，A项“焦虑是一种极其普遍的人类体验”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“Kindness releases the hrmne xytcin which reduces bld pressure and therefre prtects the heart.(善良会释放催产素，从而降低血压，保护心脏)”以及下文“Maybe that’s why they say nice, caring peple have really big hearts.(也许这就是为什么人们说善良、有爱心的人都心胸宽广)”可知，空处和上文并列，说明善良的好处，C项“善良在身体和情感上都能增强你的心灵”符合语境，故选C。
【40题详解】
根据上文“When yu’re kind t thers, yu develp strng, meaningful relatinships and friendships.(当你善待他人时，你会建立起牢固而有意义的关系和友谊)”可知，对别人善良可以建立起有意义的关系和友谊，空处位于段末，是总结上文，F项“所以，交一些新朋友，或者把你的善意扩展到你已经拥有的人身上”符合语境，故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Officer Jshua Scagline f the Westland, Michigan Plice Department was n duty when he sptted Dell’s Impala driving with tinted (染色) windws.___41___ his siren (警笛) and flicking n the lights, he pulled the car ver t ask abut the___42___ windws. It was then that Officer Scagline ___43___ 3-year-ld Lauren in the back f the vehicle — and withut a baby car seat.
The plice fficer asked Dell why his 3-year-ld daughter was nt ___44___ in a car seat. The man answered as he fught back ___45___, explaining that it was due t sme hard times. Dell tld Seagline hw financially (经济上) he had been___46___ t keep his husehld abve water, and that things like car seats were given a lw___47___ belw necessities like gas and fd. The fficer listened, as he tk pity n the man wh seemed t just want t ___48___ his family. He then asked Dell t fllw him t the lcal Walmart, where the plice fficer ___49___ and paid fr a seat t give t Dell and his daughter.
___50___, Dell psted his experience n Facebk in rder t ___51___ the fficer and his pst went viral in the area.
“I’ve been in a___52___ situatin like this guy befre,” Scagline said. “I___53___ it’d be better t help him ut and just raise mre ___54___abut car safety rather than give him a ___55___ that wuld dig him deeper in a hle and make things wrse fr him.”
41. A. Putting dwnB. Checking utC. Setting upD. Turing n
42. A. clsedB. brkenC. illegalD. wrng
43. A. metB. sawC. recgnizedD. caught
44. A. ridingB. drivingC. playingD. sleeping
45. A. tearsB. angerC. surpriseD. wrries 山: an
46. A. preparingB. managingC. strugglingD. expecting
47. A. ratingB. markC. priceD. pririty
48. A. impactB. supprtC. cmfrtD. save
49. A. stared atB. picked utC. lifted upD. sat n
50. A. SatisfiedB. AstnishedC. TuchedD. Excited
51. A. encurageB. payC. cntactD. thank
52. A. bringB. dangerusC. tughD. special
53. A. figuredB. rememberedC. discveredD. admitted
54. A. questinsB. awarenessC. dubtsD. mney
55. A. fineB. lessnC. beatingD. shck
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. A 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了密歇根州Westland市警察局的警官Jshua Scagline帮助一位经济拮据的父亲购买儿童座椅的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他打开警笛，打开车灯，把车停在路边，询问非法窗户的情况。A. Putting dwn扑灭；B. Checking ut结账离开；C. Setting up建立；D. Turing n打开。根据“flicking n the lights”及语境可知，Jshua Scagline在执勤时发现异常情况，故应是打开警笛，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. clsed关闭的；B. brken破碎的；C. illegal非法的；D. wrng错误的。根据上文“Dell’s Impala driving with tinted (染色) windws”可知，Dell的车窗染了色，是非法的。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，Scagline警官看到3岁的Lauren坐在车后座上，而且没有婴儿安全座椅。A. met遇见；B. saw看见；C. recgnized认识，辨别出；D. caught抓捕。根据“3-year-ld Lauren in the back f the vehicle — and withut a baby car seat”可知，此处是警官看到的情景，故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位警察问Dell为什么他3岁的女儿没有坐在汽车座椅上。A. riding骑，搭乘；B. driving驾驶；C. playing玩；D. sleeping睡觉。结合空后的“in a car seat”可知，此处指“坐在汽车座椅上”，用动词ride，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男人强忍着眼泪回答说，这是由于一些艰难的时期。A. tears眼泪；B. anger生气；C. surprise惊讶；D. wrries担心。根据“explaining that it was due t sme hard times”可知，由于经历着艰难时期，他应是强忍泪水。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dell告诉Seagline，他在经济上是如何挣扎着让他的家庭摆脱困境，而汽车座椅等东西的优先级低于汽油和食物等必需品。A. preparing准备；B. managing管理，设法完成；C. struggling努力，艰难地行进；D. expecting期待。结合上文“it was due t sme hard times”可知，Dell在经济方面很艰难，故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. rating等级；B. mark记号；C. price价格；D. pririty优先级，重点。结合语境及空后“belw necessities like gas and fd”可知，Dell在经济方面很拮据，此处指汽车座椅等物品的优先级低于汽油和食品等必需品，故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：警官听着，同情这个似乎只想养家糊口的人。A. impact影响；B. supprt支持，养活；C. cmfrt安慰；D. save挽救，节省。根据上文“Dell tld Seagline hw financially (经济上) he had been ___6___ t keep his husehld abve water”可知，Dell努力养家糊口，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，他让Dell跟着他去当地的沃尔玛，这位警察在那里为Dell和他的女儿挑选了一个座位，并付了钱。A. stared at凝视，盯着看；B. picked ut挑选；C. lifted up抬起，举起；D. sat n拖延。根据“paid fr a seat t give t Dell and his daughter”可知，此处指挑选一个座椅并付了钱，故选B。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dell深受感动，为了感谢这位警官，他把自己的经历发到了脸书上，他的帖子在当地疯传。A. Satisfied满意的； B. Astnished惊讶的；C. Tuched感动的；D. Excited兴奋的，激动的。结合上文内容可知，Scagline为Dell的女儿买汽车座椅，Dell应是深受感动，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. encurage鼓励；B. pay支付；C. cntact联系；D. thank感谢。根据语境及“Dell psted his experience n Facebk”可知，Scagline帮助了Dell，Dell把自己的经历发到了脸书上应是为了感谢Scagline，故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我以前遇到过像这个人一样的困难情况，” Scagline 说。A. bring令人厌烦的；B. dangerus危险的；C. tugh艰难的；D. special特殊的。根据“like this guy befre”可知，Scagline以前也像Dell一样困难，故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想最好是帮助他，提高他对汽车安全的认识，而不是给他罚款，这会让他越陷越深，让事情变得更糟。A. figured认为，认定；B. remembered想起，记得；C. discvered发现；D. admitted承认。结合“it’d be better t help him ut…”可知，此处指Scagline认为最好是帮助他，而不是罚款，故选A。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. questins问题；B. awareness意识；C. dubts怀疑；D. mney钱。根据“abut car safety”和语境可知，给Dell买安全座椅是为了提高他的安全意识，故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fine罚款；B. lessn功课，教训；C. beating惨败；D. shck震惊。根据语境及空后“that wuld dig him deeper in a hle and make things wrse fr him”可知，Dell有一些违反交通规则之处，让事情变得更糟糕的是对他罚款，故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
N structure is as symblically significant r ____56____ (cultural) imprtant t China as the Great Wall. Architectural ____57____ (engineer)are part f a huge prject t repair this centuries-ld structure.
Jianku ____58____ (believe) t be ne f the mst rugged stretches f the relic. Sme f the mst dangerus wrk includes labrers hanging frm twering heights. With rpes tied arund ____59____ (they) waists, repair wrkers spread cement n the wall’s steep sides, while thers hld the rpes fr supprt. ____60____ (survive) a fall frm the steep sides wuld be unlikely. A labrer explains ____61____ he risks his life t make repairs t the ancient structure, saying that it is an hnr t be part f such a great cause, and it is very ____62____ (meaning) t d s.
Getting supplies t this part f the wall is als a demanding effrt. Because the path is s steep, dnkeys and mules must be used t transprt bricks, ____63____ can weigh as much as 150 kg each. The repair team ges t great lengths ____64____ (keep) the principle f minimal interventin. “We have t stick _____65_____ the riginal frmat, the riginal material and the riginal craftsmanship, s that we can better preserve the histrical and cultural values, ” said Cheng Yngma, the engineer leading Jianku’s restratin wrk.
【答案】56. culturally
57. engineers
58. is believed
59. their 60. Surviving
61. why 62. meaningful
63. which 64. t keep
65. t
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。本文主要介绍了长城最崎岖的部分之一——箭扣。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词，所以要用副词。故填culturally。
【57题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：建筑工程师是修复这座有数百年历史的建筑的庞大项目的一部分。根据空后的are可知，此处的名词要用复数形式。故填engineers。
【58题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：箭扣被认为是最崎岖的遗迹之一。分析句子可知，believe与主语是动宾关系，所以要用 被动语态；根据句意和下文动词的时态可知，本句要用一般现在时。所以此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。
【59题详解】
考查代词。句意：维修工人把绳子系在腰上，在墙壁陡峭的一侧铺上水泥，其他人则拿着绳子支撑。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从陡峭的山坡上摔下来是不可能存活下来的。分析句子可知，此处作主语，所以要用动名词。故填Surviving。
【61题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：一名工人解释了他为什么冒着生命危险来修复这座古老的建筑，他说能成为这样一项伟大事业的一部分是一种荣誉，这样做非常有意义。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句；句子用来说明原因，所以此处要填 why。故填why。
【62题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空前的very可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故填meaningful。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因为这条路太陡了，必须用驴子和骡子来运送砖块，每块砖块重达150公斤。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以此处要填which。故填which。
【64题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：维修团队竭尽全力保持最小干预的原则。 g t great lengths t d sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事”。 故填t keep。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：“我们必须坚持原始的形式、原始的材料和原始的工艺，这样我们才能更好地保存历史和文化价值，”负责箭扣修复工作的工程师程永茂说。stick t sth 意为“坚持某事”。故填t。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
66. 假设你是李华，学校英文报组织同学们分享自己在假期中一段有趣经历，请你以此为主题写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Pssible versin:
Last Sunday, we visited the nursing hme in ur city, which is the mst meaningful activity we have in this summer hliday.
That day, as planned, we gt up early than usual. By riding bikes we all arrived at the gate f the lcal nursing hme. There were many elders there, sme f whm lked a little lnely, maybe missing their hmes. With ur arrival, laughter culd be heard everywhere. We accmpanied thse elders, listening t their stries talking abut their families. Smiles spread n their faces. We learned a lt f useful life experience and lessns. We als learned life is precius and we shuld treasure the present time.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生分享自己在假期中的一段有趣经历，并以此为主题投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有意义的：meaningful→significant
计划：plan→schedule
也许：maybe→perhaps
珍惜：treasure→value
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With ur arrival, laughter culd be heard everywhere.
拓展句：As sn as we arrived, laughter culd be heard everywhere.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Sunday, we visited the nursing hme in ur city, which is the mst meaningful activity we have in this summer hliday.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句和省略关系词的定语从句）
【高分句型2】There were many elders there, sme f whm lked a little lnely, maybe missing their hmes.（运用了介词+whm引导非限制性定语从句和现在分词作状语）
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I used t be very shy and ften felt lnely. Althugh I did well in all the academic subjects, I was afraid f physical educatin. My classmates ften laughed at me.
“Lk at that girl,” they said. “Her feet dn’t leave the grund when she runs!”
Their wrds embarrassed me. Mrever, whenever the teacher rganized sme cmpetitive games, n ne in the class liked t have me as their partner r team member. As a result, I ften ended up lking at thers enjy their games.
Things wuld g n like that if nt fr a sprts meet in my high schl. By mistake, my name was put n the list f thse wh wuld cmpete in the wmen’s 1500 meters race. By the time peple fund the mistake, it was t late t change.
I was utterly dumbfunded (目瞪口呆的). 1500 meters! Running against the best runners frm ther classes! And in frnt f students f the entire schl! It wuld be the wrst nightmare I’d ever have!
“Yu still have time t catch up because there is still ne mnth befre the sprts meet,” my classmates all said this t me, including my teacher.
My desk-mate patted me n the shulder, “Cl! Yu will run fr ur class! And we will d training tgether.” Yes, this is nt just fr myself, but fr my class t, I said t myself. But still, 1500 meters t me was like Munt Everest t a beginning climber. I had n idea even hw t start my preparatin.
Frtunately, my desk-mate gave me a hand. Every afternn after class, several f us ran tgether. They gave me strengths. While we were running, sme thers wuld stand by the tracks cheering fr us.
One mnth certainly culdn’t make me a gd runner. But when I was standing behind the start line, I n lnger felt lnely r afraid. I saw my classmates standing by the tracks waving at me as if abut t run beside me.
The day finally came!
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With the sht f the starting gun, I dashed ut and ran as fast as I culd.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As expected, I was almst the last t crss the finish line.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 With the sht f the starting gun, I dashed ut and ran as fast as I culd. Sn I was ut f breath and slwed dwn. Other runners passed me ne by ne, and gradually I had n idea hw many f them were still behind me. My legs were getting heavier and heavier, and I might fall dwn at any mment. Hwever, I suddenly heard my classmates chanting my name. My desk-mate even ran alng the tracks beside me and cheered fr me at the same time, just like the mnth-lng training we did tgether.
As expected, I was almst the last t crss the finish line. Immediately, my classmates held my arms and urged me t walk n my feet and nt t sit dwn. I was surrunded, with all kinds f drinks handed t me. I felt a kind f warmth I had never felt befre. Even thugh I was almst the last t finish the race, I was full f cnfidence that I wuld imprve in the future. That sprts meet was an unfrgettable experience. Sprts are n lnger abut winning r lsing. They give me a lt f cnfidence, bth cnfidence in my fellw students and cnfidence in my wn ptential. I am n lnger lnely, n lnger afraid.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为中心展开，主要讲述脚上有残疾的作者因为同学们的嘲笑而从来不敢参加任何体育活动。但是有一天，因为组织的错误，有人把她的名字写在了1500米赛跑的比赛名单上。接下来，作者在同学们的鼓励和陪伴下，做了为期一个月的训练。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“随着发令枪响。我冲出去，尽可能快地跑。”可知，第一段可描写作者比赛的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“不出所料，我几乎是最后一个冲过终点线的。”可知，第二段可描写比赛结束之后同学们对作者的态度。
2.续写线索：开始跑——速度慢——被超过——被鼓励——被包围——感受到温暖——感动——有信心
3.词汇激活
行为类
①气喘吁吁：be ut f breath/pant fr breath
②摔倒：fall dwn/tumble
③抓住：hld/grasp
情绪类
①充满自信的：full f cnfidence/very cnfident
②害怕的：afraid/scared
【点睛】【高分句型1】Other runners passed me ne by ne, and gradually I had n idea hw many f them were still behind me.（由hw many引导的同位语从句）
【高分句型2】I felt a kind f warmth I had never felt befre.（由省略关系代词that引导的定语从句）
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